Chinese megacities face significant challenges in reducing carbon emissions while balancing economic growth and social welfare. This study constructs an innovative multi-objective optimization model, the SD-NSGA-III model, integrated with a System Dynamics (SD) model and using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) to optimize resource allocation in Beijing. The model targets environmental, economic, and social goals by establishing a water–land–energy–carbon (WLEC) nexus for analyzing resource allocation strategies and carbon reduction pathways under various constraints. Scenario simulations under the efficiency-oriented scenario indicated a potential reduction in energy carbon emissions of 81.4% by 2030. The fairness-oriented scenario revealed significant trade-offs between equity and emission reductions, emphasizing the need for balanced strategies. Introducing constraints on resources and economic growth significantly reduced median energy carbon emissions to 80 million tons by 2030. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the SD-NSGA-III model in providing actionable strategies for achieving carbon neutrality and sustainable development in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
INTEGRATED water development, LITERATURE reviews, PUBLIC administration, RESEARCH personnel, SECONDARY analysis
Abstract
The correlation between integrated development planning and water demand planning represents innovative and noteworthy concepts within the field of public administration. In recent years, a significant number of researchers have focused their investigations on elucidating the connection between integrated development planning and water demand Planning, offering a fresh perspective on public management. These processes constitute vital elements of contemporary public management within governmental sectors. This study employs a mixed-method research approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Secondary data, obtained through a systematic review of literature comprising 237 documents from Scopus-indexed journals spanning the years 2019 to 2024, provides insights into the extensive body of literature concerning the relationship between integrated development planning and water demand planning. Primary data was collected from five interviews conducted with managers from the Vhembe District Municipality. The literature review analysis reveals that the research based on the relationship between integrated development planning and water demand planning is fragmented, with different subsets of documents focusing on distinct aspects or methodologies without much overlap or integration between them. The abundance of literature on the relationship between integrated development planning and water demand planning underscores its significance in the field of public management. Insights from interviews indicate a lack of clarity regarding roles and responsibilities concerning the connection between integrated development planning and water demand planning. In conclusion, this study emphasises the emerging importance of the relationship between Integrated Development Planning and Water Demand Planning within the realm of public administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Yalong Song, Jiahui Xu, Xufeng Wang, Jianfei Xing, and Long Wang
Subjects
*INTEGRATED water development, *TILLAGE, *FIELD research, *SOLAR system, *FERTILIZERS
Abstract
Compared to traditional soil cultivation, yellow sand substrate cultivation can reduce the probability of soil-borne diseases and secondary salinization in Gobi facility agriculture. However, traditional equipment for water and fertilizer integration faces problems of slow response speed, low control precision, and poor stability, making it challenging to meet requirements for water and fertilizer saving in the yellow sand substrate cultivation mode. Considering the mentioned problems, this study designed a water and fertilizer integration system for a solar greenhouse based on a fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategy. First, according to the nonlinearity characteristic and time delay of water and fertilizer concentration, a fuzzy PID control strategy was designed by combining fuzzy control with traditional PID control. Then, based on the water and fertilizer concentration variation model, the water and fertilizer integration system and equipment with a water and fertilizer supply unit, a mixing unit, and a control unit were designed as a core. Finally, the applicability and accuracy of the proposed equipment were verified by simulation and field tests. The simulation results demonstrate that, the average overshoot of the proposed fuzzy PID control strategy is 11.07 % and 7.99 % lower than that of the traditional PID control strategy when the mother liquor concentration is 7.2 mS/cm and 10.0 mS/cm, and the steady-state time is 39.05 s and 2.37 s earlier, respectively. Moreover, the results of the field experiments reveal that the steady-state performance of the proposed fuzzy PID control strategy is better than that of the traditional PID control strategy. In addition, the water and fertilizer concentration fluctuation in the control process is small, the time required to reach a steady state is relatively short, and the steady-state error is approximately ± 0.1 mS/cm. Furthermore, the water and fertilizer equipment using the proposed fuzzy PID control strategy can significantly improve the speed and stability of mixing fertilizer. Finally, the ratio error of water and fertilizer solution does not exceed 5 %, the temperature and humidity test errors are within 3 %, the stability is good, and the accuracy is high. The proposed algorithm provides evidence for the development of integrated water and fertilizer equipment for the yellow sand substrate cultivation mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
INTEGRATED water development, DROUGHTS, HYDROLOGICAL stations, DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
Abstract
Accurate assessment of runoff abundance and depletion encounter characteristics in the basin under runoff non-consistency conditions in multiple temporal dimensions (year-round, flood season and non-flood season) and multiple spatial dimensions (different hydrological stations) is of great significance to the regional flood and drought resistance, and the integrated development and utilization of water resources. We propose a method to analyze the runoff abundance and depletion encounters in a watershed considering the runoff non-consistency. Taking the mainstem of Weihe River as an example, we analyze the runoff evolution of the mainstem of Weihe River at Linjiacun, Xianyang and Huaxian stations from 1960 to 2020 through the sliding average method and Mann-Kendall method, and construct the Copula joint distribution function among different stations from the watershed scale in different time periods, and the abundance and depletion encounter characteristics of the Weihe River mainstem under runoff non-consistency conditions are analyzed. The results show that: (1) The runoff of the main stream of the Weihe River has obvious characteristics of wet and dry evolution, and there was a sudden change around 1978, and the runoff sequence after the sudden change showed a significant downward trend. (2) The synchronism of the run-off in the main stream of the Weihe River decreases with the increase of the distance between the stations. The synchronism of the run-off in the main stream of the Weihe River is the highest at Linjia Village - Xianyang Station, and the synchronism of the run-off in the main stream of the Weihe River is the lowest at Linjia Village - Huaxian Station; Among the different wet and dry encounter combinations, the most likely occurrence of two sites is the flat-flat combination, and the least likely occurrence is the wet and dry combination. (3) After the runoff variation, the synchronization of wet and dry encounters between different stations has changed significantly. The synchronization of wet and dry encounters between Linjiacun Station and Xianyang Station has decreased significantly, and the synchronization of wet and dry encounters between Xianyang Station and Huaxian Station has increased significantly. Before the variation, the synchronization between the stations in the non-flood season is the strongest, and the synchronization between the stations in the whole year is the weakest. After the variation, the synchronization between the stations in the non-flood season is the weakest, and the synchronization between the stations in the flood season is the strongest. The research results can provide a reference for the characterization of runoff abundance and depletion encounters in the main stream of the Weihe River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
INTEGRATED water development, ENERGY development, ENERGY consumption
Abstract
The article focuses on the Fiscal Year 2025 appropriations for energy and water development agencies, detailing proposed funding changes. Topics include funding levels for key agencies such as the Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the Bureau of Reclamation; major issues such as earmarks and recent supplemental funding; and shifts in energy efficiency standards and their congressional scrutiny.
This case study utilizes data from the Roy Hill iron ore mine, which has a daily water balance of abstraction, use, and surplus disposal, to address the problem of water management prediction at a global level by analysing the results of each modelling task and evaluating the presence of potential critical scenarios with an automated, mathematically rigorous tool. This paper describes the development of a software application that aggregates the results of the various water management models built for each task and provides the optimal utilisation of water to minimise water disposal and thereby maximise water usage. The business benefits of this work include the ability to calculate the net present cost (NPC) for new water infrastructure configurations in an integrated way. Investing in capital projects for water management and evaluating various scenarios helps determine the optimal water infrastructure configuration, minimizing operational impact. Traditionally, water has not been viewed as a significant cost; however, the cost of water infrastructure is now one of the highest business investments in the mining industry of the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Introducing the concept of NPC for water in the mining industry is a novel approach to making informed decisions on water expenses and investments. The key to success lies in using automated modelling to achieve the most efficient environmental and operational balance. This approach reduces individual decision-making and leads to a more cost-effective and beneficial production outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Prihanto, Junaidi Budi, Suprapto, Nadi, Winarsih, Winarsih, Iriani, Sri Setyo, Hariyono, Eko, Rizki, Iqbal Ainur, and Vebianawati, Elsa Aulia
Subjects
INTEGRATED water development, SUSTAINABLE development, ENZYMES, WATER quality, FUNCTIONAL foods
Abstract
Water is one of the essential needs for all living things, and it is crucial to maintain its quality, especially in water bodies near campuses. These water bodies are often utilized by people around the campus and may connect with other water sources. However, due to the high water consumption on campus by students, faculty members, and local communities, the water quality around campus needs to be considered. Meanwhile, eco-enzyme is an affordable product that can help sustain and improve water quality. Therefore, this study examines the implementation and impacts of an eco-enzyme flushing program in Indonesian green universities. Qualitative methods were employed in this study by analyzing experts' speeches from a YouTube video of the eco-enzyme festival attended by 22 universities simultaneously through thematic coding. The program's implementation involves cooperation between campuses and the surrounding communities, believing it can improve water quality, a heightened sense of environmental responsibility, and collaboration between various institutions to achieve sustainable development. Experts from green universities argue that this program's benefits extend to the environment and functional products, primarily for agriculture. One tangible benefit of this program is that the lake around the university has better water quality for use by the local community. Moreover, this program offers a longterm solution in line with principles of environmental preservation, social equity, and economic viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Mazvimavi, Dominic, Kapangaziwiri, Evison, and Gumbo, Anesu Dion
Subjects
INTEGRATED water development, STREAM measurements, WATER supply, TIME series analysis, TRAFFIC safety, RESERVOIRS, DAMS
Abstract
Streamflow data used for water resources planning should ideally be stationary, and any non‐stationary behaviour is taken into account. However, with limited time series data, the influence of non‐stationarity is often hidden and can result in unreliable estimates. This paper examines the impact of non‐stationarity on the Southern Okavango Integrated Water Development (SOIWD) project that was carried out with streamflow collected between 1969 and 1989 against an extended time series from 1990 to 2019. To achieve this, (a) the statistics of these inflows and (b) the reliability of satisfying water demands from the proposed reservoirs were tested based on the two periods (1969–1989 and 1990–2019). The results show that average monthly flows for July, August and September significantly change when peak outflows from the delta occur. Given the expected variability of the flow regime, an uncertainty approach utilising flow perturbation from ±5% to ±90% was also used to investigate the system's response to changes in the driving flow conditions. The increasing availability of flow data from 1990 to 2019 has shown that the SOIWD system would not have satisfied the water demand as it would not be operationally viable. This confirms the importance of accounting for non‐stationarity in reservoir yield estimation and reemphasises its importance in hydrological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
WATER management, INTEGRATED water development, IRRIGATION, RECYCLING & the environment, REVERSE osmosis (Water purification)
Abstract
Recycled water from GWMWater's Horsham Wastewater Treatment Plant has been the primary source of irrigation water to Agriculture Victoria's Horsham site for over 30 years. Flood irrigation with recycled water over an extended timeframe at the Agriculture Victoria research farm has resulted in some soil sodicity issues. To combat this issue and enable a greater range of research opportunities, Agriculture Victoria developed a plan to desalinate recycled water and improve efficiency of irrigation, which would result in significant reduction of its demand for recycled water. The proposed change to irrigation practices at the farm provided GWMWater with a challenge. What do we do with the excess water? Horsham Rural City Council uses urban stormwater runoff collected in local basins to improve liveability and contribute to urban cooling through irrigating shrubs and trees in parks and gardens and community facilities. The volume of stormwater runoff is typically insufficient over an entire summer period and consequently it restricts the area and duration of irrigation depending on seasonal water availability. With the likelihood of higher intensity, lower frequency rainfall in the region, securing an additional reliable water supply has become increasingly important for all water users. The opportunity to address the interlinked issues being faced by each organisation, GWMWater, Agriculture Victoria and Horsham Rural City Council, resulted in the Horsham SmartWater Agriculture and Integrated Water Management Project (Horsham SmartWater project): 1. GWMWater would build a Dissolved Air Floatation (DAF) plant at the Horsham Wastewater treatment plant to better treat recycled water before delivery to customers; 2. Agriculture Victoria would build a Reverse Osmosis plant at their Horsham SmartFarm and undertake a major upgrade of irrigation systems; 3. GWMWater would construct a new pipeline to transfer recycled water into Horsham; and 4. Horsham Rural City Council would connect green spaces in Horsham to the recycled water supply and integrate this with the stormwater supply. The key objectives of the project are to: 1. Ensure that the Horsham SmartFarm remain on the cutting edge of international agricultural research and innovation; 2. Reuse water to provide climate resilience and 3. Enhance social value. The $9.94 million Horsham SmartWater project is currently under construction and scheduled for completion in October 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
WATER quality, WATER management, INTEGRATED water development, IRRIGATION water quality, WATER diversion, WATER pollution
Abstract
Water diversion projects have proven to be effective interventions to improve water quality in irrigation ditches. This study focused on quantifying the water quality improvement by utilizing a hydrodynamic water quality model in Funing County, Yancheng City. The model performed a spatial analysis of pollution concentrations across the study area. Various optimization scenarios were designed based on the diversion project and hydrological structure connectivity. The model was used to simulate changes in nutrient concentrations under different scenarios. The findings of this study were as follows: (1) Rural areas had lower nutrient concentrations and superior hydrological connectivity than urban areas. (2) The effect of water quality improvement correlated positively with increased flow rates introduced by the diversion project. Specifically, when the flow rate increased by 50%, the average reductions were 20% for NH4+, 5.2% for TN, and 5.1% for TP. Furthermore, introduced clean water led to more pronounced improvements in the overall regional water quality. (3) Although increasing the number of ditches improved water pollution concentration, the impact was not significant. (4) Model simulation results showed that 18 to 45% water diversion intensity effectively improved water quality, and the optimal water diversion intensity was 27 to 30%. The optimal water diversion intensities offered valuable insights for managing this region. The study's methods contributed to the promotion of sustainable development in regional water resources and the integrated management of the water environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Khanam, Hira, Ali, Sikandar, Zaman, Muhammad, Shahid, Muhammad Adnan, Muzammal, Hafsa, Khan, Muhammad Zeeshan, Safdar, Muhammad, and Majeed, Muhammad Danish
Subjects
INTEGRATED water development, SUSTAINABILITY, ECONOMIC development, CLIMATE change, WATER consumption
Abstract
Freshwater scarcity is a global concern and is caused by the overuse of water, exceeding the sustainable level. In Pakistan, overpopulation, climate change alleviation, and economic development influence the asset of water. For water management, development, and conservation, policymakers need to formulate the right plans and projects. For this purpose, they need to evaluate the impact of different projects and plans and evaluate considerable data and information. Different tools are being adopted for integrated water resource management. Among them, WEAP is user-friendly, reliable, and efficient, and is used widely across the globe. It will aid the policymakers to develop suitable projects and plans. This study was carried out by using WEAP, in the Lower Bari Doab Canal command area (LBDC), Punjab, Pakistan. This study sheds light on the current water allocation situation and simulated scenarios of population growth rates and economic growth to evaluate the future water demand situation. The results of the current account year (2015) show that the domestic water demand of Okara (101.51 MCM) and the agricultural water demand (1713 MCM) of Sahiwal was seen to be the maximum among the four districts. Unmet demand was found to be maximum for the districts laying in the tail end (Sahiwal and Khanewal). The results of the scenarios show that, if the current water consumption, population growth, and economic development continue, unmet demand will increase in the future, and if the population grows at a higher rate and economic development increases, it will result in higher unmet water demand in the coming years. WEAP was found to be a user-friendly and efficient model to better understand water demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Azhar, Sharifah Nurlaili Farhana Syed, Akib, Noor Adelyna Mohammed, and Sibly, Suzyrman
Subjects
STUDENT attitudes, SUSTAINABILITY, COLLEGE student attitudes, INTEGRATED water development, STUDENT mobility, WATER management, SOCIAL media
Abstract
Disciplinary Clusters Data for both SS and NSS students show normal distribution in the attitudes toward sustainability on campus, with skewness of -0.07 for SS students and skewness of -0.82 for NSS students. Respondents' Attitude Toward Sustainability on Campus HT
Item
Mean
SD
Interpretation
1. Sustainability is defined as ensuring the world is free from any environmental issues
2.27
1.06
Low
4. Residency Student attitudes toward sustainability on campus is normally distributed for both students who live on campus and off campus, with skewness of -0.78 for the on campus and skewness of -0.84 for off campus. [Extracted from the article]
PUBLIC spending, ENERGY industries, INTEGRATED water development, ENERGY consumption
Abstract
The article presents a report from the U.S. Congressional Research Service on FY2024 appropriations for Energy and Water Development. U.S. President Joe Biden's budget request for FY2024 includes funds for these agencies, with significant variations in funding for specific agencies and ongoing debates regarding earmarks and energy efficiency standards for gas stoves.
*INTEGRATED water development, *TEMPERATE climate, *WATER management, *WATERSHEDS, *SOIL classification
Abstract
Low-flow hydrological features are crucial for efficient development and integrated water resources management. Among others, the Base- Flow Index ‘BFI’ is one of the most important low-flow indices. Many studies have demonstrated that it is related to several topographic parameters, climate, vegetation and soil types and to catchment geology. With the aim to enhance the knowledge about the climate and catchment properties’ relative control on the ‘BFI’, an approach consisting of an empirical analysis, applied to a large area located in Southern Italy, characterized by a typical Mediterranean environment, is followed by a simulation experiment, considering climate settings, at the pan- European scale, typical of temperate to dry climate regimes. Main findings have revealed that (i) the correlation structure between the ‘BFI’ and the precipitation volume, at the annual scale, is affected by both climate variability and catchment properties; (ii) the ‘BFI’ variability is strongly conditioned by climate intra- and inter-annual variability; (iii) the major role is, however, assigned to the geological catchment features, with poorly and well-drained catchments behaving differently in response to similar climate forcing variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
This research was conducted in a significant agricultural region to gauge farmers' knowledge of climate change adaption strategies. We employed a semi-structured questionnaire based on the literature; it was broken up into sections, and used certain statistical techniques (PLS-SEM) to examine the results. Farmers who had sufficient assets and resources thought they were safer and could withstand the adverse effects of climate change. A total of 900 completed questionnaires were gathered to investigate the link between the control, moderator, and DV variables in the future. As a consequence, the PLS-SEM path analysis findings showed that our model is fit. PLS-SEM direct path analysis revealed AM > FACC, UA- > FACC, SA- > FACC, FS- > FACC, PR- > FACC, and SI- > FACC are significant. The established hypotheses H1–H6 are strengthened by these findings. We also examined the respondents' ages and genders to use as controls; whereas gender showed no correlation with FACC, there was a strong link between age and the dependent variable. There is no statistically significant correlation between gender and climate change awareness, but older people tend to have a broader understanding of the topic and its consequences. Education significantly moderates the relationship of farmer's awareness (climate change) associated with AM, UA, SA, FS, PR, and SI. depicts the moderation role of education on the relationship between AM*Education- > FACC, UA*Education- > FACC, SA*Education- > FACC, FS*Education- > FACC, PR*Education- > FACC, and SI*Education- > FACC. H2a and H5a in this study showed significant correlations with education as a moderator; however, H1a, H3a, H4, and H6a did not demonstrate any moderator relationships. There is a medium to strong correlation between various factors, and the correlation values of a few chosen variables are significant when compared to all other variables in the current study. Highly significant correlations were found between PR, SA, SI, and UA with FACC. Governmental policies and effective monitoring systems will be developed as a result of the research to enable integrated and sustainable water development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Water--Law and legislation--Research, Water--Management, Integrated water development
Abstract
Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary.This timely Research Agenda provides imaginative solutions to existing and emerging challenges for the study, application, and development of water law. It argues for a dynamic approach to water law, anticipating how water and its relationship to humanity will shift due to climate change, modern societal norms and values, and technological innovation.Bringing together leading experts and rising new voices, this Research Agenda analyses local, national, and international water law. It explores the pressing issues of today and tomorrow, and identifies areas for further research to ensure legal regimes can respond to future challenges for water provision. Contributors consider the legal personhood of rivers, water quality, international basins, water markets, and the role of indigenous groups in water management. Ultimately, this Research Agenda provides a portfolio of options for responding to the uncertain natural, social, and political future of water.Providing a cutting-edge overview of the challenges facing water law locally, nationally, and internationally, A Research Agenda for Water Law will be a valuable resource for scholars of water law, environmental law, and public international law. It will also be essential reading for policy-makers seeking to build future-facing water law regimes.
Thokchom, Laxmi and Kshetrimayum, Krishnakanta Singh
Subjects
*WATER quality, *INTEGRATED water development, *DRINKING water quality, *INTEGRATED coastal zone management, *COASTAL zone management, *WATER use, *WATER supply
Abstract
Water quality index (WQI) and irrigational indices for surface water and groundwater in the southeastern part of Manipur Valley in north‐east India has been examined. The water samples were collected during the pre‐monsoon season in the year 2016. Geologically, the Manipur Valley occurs as an intermontane piedmont‐alluvial plain filled with Quaternary alluvium of fluvio‐lacustrine origin. The basic chemical parameters of pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, total hardness, Cl−, HCO3−, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe, Mn, and Zn were considered for computing water quality index for drinking water. Irrigational indices such as sodium absorption ratio, sodium percentage, Kelly's index, magnesium hazard, and residual sodium carbonate were calculated for determining the suitability for irrigational use. WQI, SAR, %Na+, KI, MH, RSC suggest that majority of the water samples are suitable for drinking and irrigational uses. They exhibit positive relations among them suggesting that these parameters are dependent over one another. About 20% of the piedmont zone groundwater are unsuitable for both drinking and agricultural purposes. The encrustation of gypsum, halite, and evaporite into the Disang shales enhances the dissolution process of ions such as Cl−, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ in the piedmont water leading to quality deterioration. Gibb's plots suggest that the chemical origin of water dominates with rock‐weathering process, while hydrochemical facies evolved from the initial stage to intermediate stage. Therefore, proper integrated management and development of water resources is necessary for the effective utilization water resources particularly around the piedmont zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Jiang, Beihan, Pan, Long, Qin, Genquan, Su, Xiaolin, Cai, Feng, and Liang, Yue
Subjects
IRRIGATION scheduling, INTEGRATED water development, WATER conservation projects, IRRIGATION, WATER levels, WATER supply
Abstract
Integrated water resource scheduling is a key strategy for controlling river floods as well as for promoting the benefits and abolishing the harmful aspects of water conservancy projects. It is necessary to explore an effective development mode to address the current issues of long development times and poor outcomes for integrated water resource scheduling models. Drawing on the concept of software reuse, a development mode for an integrated water resource scheduling model is offered based on "platform system + model plug-in", the cores of which are plug-in modules and interface integration. The boundaries and connection relations of each plug-in module are formed based on the logical analysis of the model plug-in. A web application mode is used to implement a standardized interface, which can be quickly and seamlessly connected to the system platform. The model is explored and applied in the Wudu diversion and irrigation area in China. The generated model is eventually verified using data obtained from two flood periods. According to the simulation results, the gate operation will be convenient, and the target water level will be attained in the allocated time with a satisfactory peak-clipping effect. It shows both good coordination and great utilization value of the plug-in modules. The concept of designing a plug-in database is eventually taken into consideration for combining and generating an optimization model of each river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Adams, Kerr J., Metzger, Marc J., Macleod, Christopher (Kit) J.A., Helliwell, Rachel C., and Pohle, Ina
Subjects
INTEGRATED water development, ADAPTIVE natural resource management, WATER quality, DRINKING water, ECOSYSTEM services, CLIMATE change
Abstract
Freshwater resources provide ecosystem services that support human prosperity and development. Future changes in climate, land-use, and population could lead to detrimental impacts on freshwater quality and quantity, threatening drinking water, irrigation and energy production. To increase resilience there is the need to better understand the possible impacts of future changes on freshwaters. We use Scotland – and its legislative agenda 'Scotland: The Hydro Nation' – to understand the knowledge needs of water stakeholders as a first step in building freshwater resilience. By interviewing water stakeholders across Scotland, we found an overarching 'knowledge need' for a greater understanding of the cumulative impacts on freshwaters associated with the interactions between multiple climatic and socio-economic drivers and their associated pressures. Stakeholders also identified five specific 'knowledge need' themes; large-scale land-use change, future water demands, water value, integrated development planning and water asset conditions. We identify a willingness of stakeholders to participate in systems-thinking approaches to address these 'knowledge need' themes. The 'knowledge needs' can be used to inform research priorities to support water-related policy in Scotland. We propose that participatory methods should be applied following the Driver Pressure State Impact Response (DPSIR) framework to address 'knowledge need themes' to identify and appraise adaptive management and policy options. Our methods used to identify stakeholder knowledge needs are a time, cost and environmentally effective way for collecting rich data. Methods can be replicated in other regions and water policy contexts to understand where increased knowledge is required to help build future resilience. • Stakeholder 'knowledge need' findings can be used to inform research priorities and water related policy. • Identified stakeholder desire for improved holistic systems-thinking approaches to address identified 'knowledge needs'. • Participatory approaches can be applied to support the identification of adaptive management and policy options. • Methods to elicit stakeholder 'knowledge needs' can be replicated as a first step in building resilient water policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
INTEGRATED water development, DROUGHTS, WATER shortages, STREAMFLOW, DAM design & construction, FARMS
Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Raa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
INTEGRATED water development, ARTIFICIAL neural networks, INFORMATION theory, WATER quality, SOFT computing, MULTILAYER perceptrons
Abstract
Keeping purpose and targeted end-users in perspective, several water quality indices have been developed over the past decades to summarily convey water quality information to decision-makers and the general public. Industrial water quality is often analyzed based on the corrosion and scaling potentials (CSPs) of water. The commonly used CSP index parameters are chloride–sulfate mass ratio, Langelier index, Larson-Skold index, aggressive index, Ryznar stability index, and Puckorius scaling index. Simultaneous application of these index parameters often classifies a sample into multiple water quality categories, thereby introducing bias in assessment and decision-making. No previous numerical model integrated the CSP indices to provide a single, composite index value for a more unbiased interpretation of industrial water quality. Therefore, this paper proposes an integrated industrial water quality index (IIWQI) that integrates the six CSP index parameters for direct and concise assessment of industrial water resources. To achieve its aim, this research incorporated information entropy theory and soft computing techniques. The developed IIWQI was applied to water samples from southeastern Nigeria. Different classification groups were observed based on the six CSP indices. However, the IIWQI summarized the classifications of the water samples into three categories: Class 1 (28.57%, slight-medium corrosivity, significant scaling potential); Class 2 (46.43%, medium–high corrosivity, no scaling); and Class 3 (25.00%, high-very high corrosion, no scaling). Correlation analysis revealed the relationships between the physicochemical variables, CSP index parameters, IIWQI, and the entropy-based variability of the IIWQI. The spatiotemporal water quality groups were revealed by Q-mode hierarchical dendrograms. Multiple linear regression and two multilayer perceptron neural networks accurately predicted the IIWQI. The findings of this paper could help in better evaluation, interpretation, and management of industrial water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
INTEGRATED water development, FRESH water, NONLINEAR programming, INVESTMENTS, OPERATING costs
Abstract
Determining the optimal design of a Heat-Integrated Water Network (HIWN) is a complex task due to the existence of highly nonlinear relationships when considering concentrations, mass and heat balances. Due to that complexity, the solution is usually obtained by a sequential approach. In this approach, the minimum fresh water and utility consumption is firstly determined. Then, the exact design of the HIWN is synthesised with the fixed minimum fresh water and utility consumption. Another way to obtain the HIWN design is by using a simultaneous approach. However, such a model can be highly nonlinear requiring the application of a special solution strategy. In this work, a two-step approach was developed and applied. In the first step, a targeting Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) model with a high share of linearity was applied estimating also the HEN investment. In this way, the solutions are steered towards an optimal solution by establishing appropriate trade-offs between investment and operating costs during the targeting step. Based on the results of the first step, a reduced superstructure and MINLP model are used in the second design step to select promising matches for heat exchangers. By excluding the non-promising matches that previously led to an unnecessary increase in the complexity of the synthesis model, the second step MINLP model performs much better and enables synthesizing the entire HIWN simultaneously. The aim of this work was to verify whether the two-step approach is suitable for solving the HIWN problem. The obtained solution for case study considered in this work indicated the applicability of the proposed approach, which will be also applied in further research on large-scale HIWN problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Tanhueco, Renan Maria, Orbecido, Aileen, Beltran, Arnel B., Choi, Angelo Earvin Sy, and Promentilla, Michael Angelo B.
Subjects
FUZZY sets, WATER supply, INTEGRATED water development, WATER shortages, WATER management
Abstract
A water poverty index (WPI) is a multi-criterion indicator that assesses water stress and scarcity that integrates the physical estimates of water availability with the socioeconomic drivers of poverty. However, the decisionmaking process can be a participatory, iterative process that is characterized by uncertainty due to ambiguity, impreciseness, or incomplete information. This study focuses on the development of a fuzzy ranking index based on the T-Spherical Fuzzy Set under a multi-criteria framework. An illustrative case study on measuring the WPI is presented in the ranking of the vulnerability of a municipality, in tLuzon Island, Philippines. In this assessment, the main contributors to water poverty in the area include water availability, lack of access to safe water and capacity to manage the development of water sources. This linguistic approach to score indicators was found appealing and took into consideration the uncertainty in assigning linguistic assessments by participants. There remain other aspects of the decision-making process that can be improved such as compositing several sub-indicators of each WPI; building consensus among multi-stakeholders and using the same process to rank alternatives to reduce water poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
WATER table, INTEGRATED water development, SOFT computing, WATER management, SUPPORT vector machines, SUSTAINABLE development
Abstract
Precise estimation of groundwater level (GWL) might be of great importance for attaining sustainable development goals and integrated water resources management. Compared with alternative numerical models, soft computing methods are promising tools for GWL prediction, which need more hydrogeological and aquifer characteristics. The central aim of this research is to explore the performance of such well-accepted data-driven models to predict monthly GWL with emphasis on major meteorological components, including; precipitation (P), temperature (T), and evapotranspiration (ET). Artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy logic (FL), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), group method of data handling (GMDH), and least-square support vector machine (LSSVM) are used to predict one-, two-, and three-month ahead GWL in an unconfined aquifer. The main meteorological components (Tt, ETt, Pt, Pt-1) and GWL for one, two, and three lag-time (GWLt-1, GWLt-2, GWLt-3) are used as input to attain precise prediction. The results show that all models could have the best prediction for one month ahead in scenario 5, comprising inputs of GWLt-1, GWLt-2, GWLt-3, Tt, ETt, Pt, Tt-1, ETt-1, Pt-1. Based on different evaluation criteria, all employed models could predict the GWL with a desirable accuracy, and the results of LSSVM are the superior one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Background Interventions aimed at improving dietary intake and feeding practices have alone proven insufficient for combatting stunting resulting from poor nutrition and repeated infections. Objectives To support the development of an integrated water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and nutrition, social, and behavior change strategy aimed at reducing stunting, formative research was conducted in 2 program sites in western Kenya. Methods Twenty-nine key informant interviews were conducted with community leaders, health workers, and project staff, and 24 focus group discussions with caregivers of children under 2 y on topics related to feeding, sanitation, and hygiene behaviors. Three frameworks informed the study design and analysis of our formative research: the Capabilities, Opportunities, and Motivations model for behavior change, which identifies what needs to change in order for behavior change interventions to be effective; the Grandmother Project's Change Through Culture Approach, which values the important role of influential household and community members in producing household health; and Starr and Fornoff's approach to Theory of Change development. Results Caregivers exhibited sufficient psychological capabilities (knowledge and skills) for many of the key maternal and infant nutrition behaviors. However, reflective motivation to perform optimal behaviors was undermined by limitations in physical and social opportunities, including limited time and competing priorities for mothers, limited accessibility and availability of diverse foods, low self-efficacy for exclusive breastfeeding, and fears of negative consequences related to specific foods and recommended practices. Conclusions Interventions that aim to improve maternal and child diets should address the underlying social, cultural, and environmental determinants that contribute to motivations and opportunities to perform recommended practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
*INTEGRATED water development, *STOCK exchanges, *TECHNOLOGY selling
Abstract
The article presents a speech by People's Republic of China President Xi Jinping, delivered at the opening ceremony of the second China International Import Expo in Shanghai, China on November 5, 2019. Topics include introduces a Lin-gang special area and several pilot free trade zones at the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone; launch of science technology by the Shanghai Stock Exchange; and plan for integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta area.
INTEGRATED water development, WATER supply, STORM damage
Abstract
The article focuses on annual appropriations process of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) which are used to perform work on geographically specific studies and congressionally authorized projects. It mentions USACE discretionary appropriations funded through Title I of annual Energy and Water Development appropriations acts. It also mentions water resource projects for maintaining navigable channels and reducing risk of flood and storm damage.
Water-supply, Agricultural, Integrated water development, Water in agriculture
Abstract
L'eau est un enjeu majeur dans de nombreuses régions du monde du fait de besoins en forte croissance, mais aussi de la rareté et de la dégradation des ressources disponibles. L'agriculture étant le premier usager de la ressource en eau, la durabilité de la gestion de l'eau en milieu rural est cruciale. Elle nécessite de dépasser les approches sectorielles, encore largement en cours malgré divers courants appelant à une gestion intégrée, territoriale ou adaptative de la ressource. Prenant acte que la mise en œuvre des concepts proposés par ces différents courants est rarement effective et qu'il est plus pragmatique de rechercher la meilleure coordination possible entre les parties prenantes de la gestion de l'eau, cet ouvrage collectif analyse les enjeux, outils et démarches permettant de faciliter et d'accompagner cette coordination. En effet, une coordination effective et acceptée nécessite des méthodes et outils pour informer sur l'état de la ressource et des usages, rendre visible l'importance des enjeux, évaluer les effets et les expliquer, structurer les échanges, et élaborer et discuter des actions de gestion. L'ouvrage aborde la gestion de l'eau en milieu rural en termes d'objectifs et de démarche, puis fait un panorama large des outils, des méthodes et des données actuellement disponibles. Enfin, il décrit des exemples de mises en œuvre dans différents cas d'étude. Cet ouvrage de synthèse s'adresse à un public large allant des chercheurs, étudiants et enseignants en gestion de l'eau aux professionnels concernés par sa mise en œuvre.
INTEGRATED water development, MUNICIPAL government, SOCIAL status, DEMOCRACY
Abstract
This article aims to assess the Integrated Development Planning (IDP) process for improved community participation. The IDP process was developed to improve strategic planning and community participation at the municipal level. Many South African municipalities have been struggling to use the IDP process to improve community participation. The methodology included 400 respondents who were chosen through a probability sampling technique and probed to complete the online survey using a closed-ended questionnaire guide, and ten respondents were also chosen through a non-probability sampling technique and were face-to-face interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The key findings revealed that poor community participation exists in the study area due to a lack of encouragement from responsible authorities. The Tzaneen municipality does not provide adequate feedback to the communities, and the inputs of the communities are not considered. There is a continuous lack of community consultation during the annual review of the IDP. The ineffective IDP process for improved community participation presents several challenges. Thus, this article concluded by providing a few recommendations to enhance the application of the IDP process and community participation. The Tzaneen municipal area should at all times uphold democratic principles by ensuring active public participation, transparency, and openness in municipal affairs. It also recommends making it easier for marginalised and previously disadvantaged people to participate in municipal policy and decision-making without prejudice. South African municipalities, including Tzaneen municipality, should develop and innovate institutional, and organisational capabilities to better utilise their resources, mitigate socio-economic challenges and enhance service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Fu, Dong, Chen, Shu, Chen, Yongcan, and Yi, Zhenyan
Subjects
INTEGRATED water development, WATER quality, POLYWATER, SEWAGE, DRINKING water
Abstract
Water quality evaluation is an important step in water environment control and management. The water quality index (WQI) is considered to be an effective method for water quality evaluation. However, when constructing the WQI, the contribution of the lower threshold limits of water quality parameters to water quality has received little attention. The principle of the modified integrated water quality index (IWQI) is that the concentration of any water quality parameter below the lower threshold limits as well as above the upper threshold limits will lead to an increase in the overall index value. Based on the concentration of water quality parameters, the modified IWQI classified water quality into five categories, i.e., bad (> 8), poor (5–8), medium (2–5), good (1–2), and excellent (< 1). Tuo River plays a crucial role in potable and irrigation water sources of Sichuan Province, and the assessment result of modified IWQI reveals that 67.8% of samples were classified as "medium," 29% "poor," and 3.2% "bad." The high concentrations of N and P from agricultural activities and industrial wastewater are the main contributors to the deterioration of water quality in the Tuo River. Additionally, the Tuo River presents the characteristics of worse water quality in the midstream. The evaluation results of the modified IWQI are consistent with that of the conventional WQI, which proves the accuracy of the modified IWQI as a surface water quality evaluation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Leta, Megersa Kebede, Demissie, Tamene Adugna, and Waseem, Muhammad
Subjects
INTEGRATED water development, STREAMFLOW, PARTICLE swarm optimization, WATERSHEDS, HYDROLOGIC models, WATER analysis
Abstract
Hydrological modeling is a technique for understanding hydrologic characteristics and estimation of the water balance of watersheds for integrated water resources development and management. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for modeling the hydrological behavior of the Nashe watershed in the north-western part of Ethiopia. The spatial data, daily climate, and stream flow were the required input data for the model. The observed monthly stream flow data at the outlet and selected sub-watersheds in the catchment were used to calibrate and validate the model. The model performance was assessed between the simulated and observed streamflow by using sequential uncertainty fitting-2 (SUFI-2), generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation, parameter solution (Parasol) and particle swarm optimization. The sensitivity of 18 parameters was tested, and the most sensitive parameters were identified. The model performance was evaluated using p and r- factor, coefficient of determination, Nash Sutcliffe coefficient efficiency, percent bias during uncertainty analysis, calibration and validation. Therefore, based on the set of proposed evaluation criteria, the SUFI-2 algorithm has been able to provide slightly more reasonable outcomes and Parasol is the worst compared to the other algorithms. An analysis of monthly and seasonal water balance has been also accomplished for the Nashe catchment. The water balance parameters were distinct for the three seasonal periods in the catchment. The seasonal water budget analysis reveals that the watershed receives around 19%, 69%, and 12% of rainfall through the short rain, long rain and dry seasons, respectively. The received precipitation was lost due to evapotranspiration by 29%, 34% and 37% for each season respectively. The surface runoff contributes to the catchment by 5%, 86% and 9% of the water yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
WATER distribution, INTEGRATED water development, EVOLUTIONARY algorithms, GENETIC algorithms, PREDICATE calculus, DATA integration, HYDRAULIC models
Abstract
This paper describes the development of an integrated approach for water pipe network calibration and lea quantification. The proposed approach provides a practical procedure that merges field measurements and mathematical modeling for leak quantification and network calibration. The use of Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) using both Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Shuffled Complex Evolution – University of Arizona (SCE-UA) to calculate the pinpointed leak outflows well as to identify any faulty meters. Also, by treating pinpointed physical leaks as junction points, the model, via EPAnet connection, calibrates the network and calculates their demands (which is equivalent to physical losses) and estimating pipes roughness factor (CHW) for better network calibration. Besides, throughout the process, the developed model uses GA and SCE-UA but departs from traditional use in using floating-point representations and introducing a new self-adaptive constraint handling function, which yields optimal results in fewer generations (model runs). Two pilot networks are selected, a well-known hypothetical network (Hanoi network) to present the general mathematical model, while a real network (Faisal city network) is used to test the integrated approach. The model integrates EPAnet for the required hydraulic modeling during the simulation and GIS for input data integration and output representation during the whole procedure. The results prove the approach's accuracy and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Sustainable agriculture, Water--Management, Integrated water development
Abstract
There is increasing competition for water resources in the face of declining aquifer reserves and increasing risk in many areas of drought related to climate change. At the same time poor water management is damaging agriculture with problems such as salinization, waterlogging, erosion and run-off. This volume summarises the wealth of research on understanding and better management of water resources for agriculture. Part 1 reviews fundamental issues such as plant water use and soil water retention. Part 2 discusses ways of mapping and monitoring groundwater and surface water resources whilst Part 3 covers other sources such as rain and floodwater, waste and brackish water. Part 4 surveys developments in irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation and fertigation. The final sections in the book discuss ways of using water resources more efficiently such as site-specific and deficit irrigation techniques. With its distinguished editor and international team of expert authors, this wlll be a standard reference for agronomists, scientists involved in water and irrigation science as well as government and non-governmental organisations responsible for agriculture and water resource management.
*DROUGHTS, *INTEGRATED water development, *WATER management, *WATERSHEDS
Abstract
The Upper Basin Colorado River Drought Contingency Plan ("DCP"), signed May 2019, was created to maintain sufficient Lake Powell storage levels for consumptive water demand and for hydropower generation. One of the most important requirements of the DCP is the obligation for Upper Basin states to explore the feasibility of demand management programs for their respective states. This exploratory process is ongoing for Upper Basin states. The DCP exploratory process, as well as the potential implementation of demand management programs, offer unique opportunities for water professionals to increase the role of public engagement in the implementation of a particular type of demand management known as water-smart growth planning. These opportunities create an improved relationship between what some have referred to as an historical divide between urban and rural water users. Public engagement is crucial for implementing the integration of water-smart growth planning with large scale, multisectoral needs. Water-smart growth planning represents a strategy of conserving water for urban areas which can consequently improve the urban-rural relationship by encouraging cities to shoulder a proportionate responsibility for conserving water, limiting unsustainable growth, and, consequently, diverting less water from agricultural areas. This article proposes three mechanisms meant to enhance the integration between a public engagement which links water-smart growth planning with multiregional water needs in order to cultivate better relationships between urban and rural water users. These include: (1) water-smart growth updates to San Juan Basin municipal development codes, their integration with the next Regional Water Plan update, and its public outreach process; (2) the interrelated mechanism of expanding water market transactions in order to integrate greater engagement between regional municipalities who have adopted water-smart growth planning and San Juan River users such as the Navajo Nation; and (3) the development of Colorado State University's collaborative framework, "Atlas of Collaborative Conservation in Colorado," in order to generate information on water use, including associated pricing, and assign implementation capabilities to environmental organizations within Colorado's eight major river basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abdi-Dehkordi, Mehri, Bozorg-Haddad, Omid, and Chu, Xuefeng
Subjects
WATER supply, WATER resources development, INTEGRATED water development, MULTIPLE criteria decision making, FISH farming
Abstract
It is necessary to assess water resources sustainability for development and management of a large-scale water resources system with various components such as reservoirs, inter-basin water transfer, and consumers and stakeholders in various sectors including drinking, industry, fish farming, agriculture, and environment. For this purpose, in the present study, a spatially-distributed model was developed based on the system dynamics approach. Then, a set of individual indexes were utilized to evaluate the behavior of a water resources system by considering quantitative/qualitative environmental, economic, and water productivity aspects. Each of the individual indexes was computed for all system nodes. A combined index was further developed and applied to evaluate the system sustainability. To evaluate the efficiency of the combined index and ensure its proper performance, the new method was compared with the well-known multi-criteria decision making method. The results indicated that the combined index was 15.315 for sustainable development with implementation of an integrated water management policy, while the index for the current condition was 15.361. For other management policies that were not based on the integrated management concept, the values of the combined index were higher than those for the current condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Perera, A.Chathurika S., Davies, Peter J., and Graham, Petra L.
Subjects
URBAN planning, INTEGRATED water development, GREEN infrastructure, ENVIRONMENTAL policy, ENVIRONMENTAL protection planning, GREEN movement, URBANIZATION
Abstract
State, city and local governments use environmental planning policies to guide development outcomes. Their policies operate within an increasingly complex regulatory environment and have proliferated as they seek to address past, present, and emerging land use challenges and shifting socio-ecological expectations. The development of integrated urban water (blue) and biodiversity (green) policies represents an example of policy alignment to reduce policy duplication and administrative costs, and to recognise the complementary benefits of land use changes. This paper presents a review of 12 urban blue-green policies, tracking their evolution and comparing five shared categories: vegetation, green infrastructure, surface treatments, water, and habitat. Results indicate that most policies have an emphasis on increasing vegetation cover. Policies that have been in place for longer are more likely to be mandatory requirements in the development assessment process. Newer policies, and those focused on specific precincts, tend to be discretionary and take a guidance approach. When each of the 12 policies are viewed over time, they fall into one of two policy evolutionary pathways. The first group has maintained a relatively small number of development controls or attributes, similar to those established by Berlin's Biotope Area Factor tool. The others have significantly increased the number of attributes used, providing greater choice in how landscaping and water controls can be implemented, and so doing have increased their complexity. The specific attributes and their relative weighting within the policies vary, reflecting the prevailing regulatory systems and policy priorities of each city. Overall, each blue-green policy demonstrates the benefits of combining attributes to achieve mutually beneficial blue and green city outcomes. They also represent examples of policy integration. • Blue-green planning policies rely on area-based approaches founded by the Berlin Biotope Area Factor. • Integrated blue-green planning policies favour urban greening outcomes. • Blue-green policy integration can overcome disciplinary and institutional silos. • Blue-green planning policies require consistency at state and local government levels. • Blue-green policies should be flexible but not to the extent that objectives are traded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
IRRIGATION water quality, INTEGRATED water development, IRRIGATION water, WATER quality, WATER use
Abstract
There are many irrigation water quality indices used to assess water suitability, despite having limitations. It is therefore imperative to develop a water quality index to evaluate irrigation water more accurately. This study highlights an Integrated Irrigation Water Quality Index (IIWQIndex) using the sub-index and aggregated equations. This proposed index model was improved and updated across four characteristics: the verified desirable and permissible value of parameters, maximum hazard class, and modified rating system of diversified parameters. The proposed IIWQIndex model classified irrigation water into five categories: rejection, poor, moderate, good, and excellent. This model assessed two types of water to justify the model by categorizing the irrigation waters. The calculated results showed that the index values were 75.77 and 36.51, and the water category was 'good' and 'rejected' for the calcite (Ca-HCO3) and sodic (Na-Cl) water, respectively. This index model also satisfactorily evaluated different types of water datasets of eight geographic locations in the world. The study illustrated that the IIWQIndex evaluated values and water categories were rational and comprehensive at predicting the suitability of irrigation water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
GREEN infrastructure, INTEGRATED water development, WATER resources development, SOLID waste management
Abstract
Pakistan and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have signed six loans and grant agreements totaling $1.54 billion to improve energy, transport, irrigation, and urban sectors. A statement said the ADB is supporting technical, and governance reforms to strengthen Pakistan's energy sector and its financial sustainability under the $300 million policy-based loan for the energy sector. [Extracted from the article]
WATER leakage, LEAK detection, INTEGRATED water development, WATER distribution, DATA integration, LENGTH measurement
Abstract
This paper describes the development of an integrated approach for water pipe network calibration and quantifying leaks. The approach merges both field measurements and linear programming to pinpoint pipe leaks (physical losses); then applies Genetic Algorithms (GA) to identify faulty meters and meter thefts (apparent losses). Besides; throughout the process, GIS is used for input data integration and output representation. The developed model is based on GA but is different in its representation, introducing a new adaptive constraint handling function and a new mutation function. Also, the use of floating-point representation enables the calibration of a large number of unknown parameters without compromising the accuracy and precision of the solutions. While the newly introduced constraint handling function robust the solution towards a near level of agreement between real and calculated values. A pilot site is used to test the model and approach, comparing before and after field results to ensure accuracy. The model integrates EPAnet for the required hydraulic modeling during the simulation. The results prove the approach's accuracy and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Mendez, Carlos, van der Zwet, Arno, and Borkowska-Waszak, Sylwia
Subjects
URBAN growth, SUSTAINABLE development, INTEGRATED water development, URBAN planning
Abstract
This article investigates the role of European Union (EU) Cohesion Policy in urban development policy rescaling following the introduction of a strengthened regulatory framework for integrated territorial development in 2014–20. We find variations in the rescaling of sustainable urban development policies in the Netherlands, Poland and Spain shaped by domestic politics, path dependence and institutional capacity. The theoretical implication is that the European Commission's focus on a functional rationale for urban rescaling encounters political, policy and institutional constraints, which raises questions about the EU's capacity to shape rescaling dynamics and the need for more flexible approaches to achieve EU goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Feigl, Moritz, Lebiedzinski, Katharina, Herrnegger, Mathew, and Schulz, Karsten
Subjects
WATER temperature, INTEGRATED water development, RECURRENT neural networks, STANDARD deviations, ATMOSPHERIC temperature, GLOBAL radiation
Abstract
Water temperature in rivers is a crucial environmental factor with the ability to alter hydro-ecological as well as socio-economic conditions within a catchment. The development of modelling concepts for predicting river water temperature is and will be essential for effective integrated water management and the development of adaptation strategies to future global changes (e.g. climate change). This study tests the performance of six different machine-learning models: step-wise linear regression, random forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), feed-forward neural networks (FNNs), and two types of recurrent neural networks (RNNs). All models are applied using different data inputs for daily water temperature prediction in 10 Austrian catchments ranging from 200 to 96 000 km 2 and exhibiting a wide range of physiographic characteristics. The evaluated input data sets include combinations of daily means of air temperature, runoff, precipitation and global radiation. Bayesian optimization is applied to optimize the hyperparameters of all applied machine-learning models. To make the results comparable to previous studies, two widely used benchmark models are applied additionally: linear regression and air2stream. With a mean root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.55 ∘ C, the tested models could significantly improve water temperature prediction compared to linear regression (1.55 ∘ C) and air2stream (0.98 ∘ C). In general, the results show a very similar performance of the tested machine-learning models, with a median RMSE difference of 0.08 ∘ C between the models. From the six tested machine-learning models both FNNs and XGBoost performed best in 4 of the 10 catchments. RNNs are the best-performing models in the largest catchment, indicating that RNNs mainly perform well when processes with long-term dependencies are important. Furthermore, a wide range of performance was observed for different hyperparameter sets for the tested models, showing the importance of hyperparameter optimization. Especially the FNN model results showed an extremely large RMSE standard deviation of 1.60 ∘ C due to the chosen hyperparameters. This study evaluates different sets of input variables, machine-learning models and training characteristics for daily stream water temperature prediction, acting as a basis for future development of regional multi-catchment water temperature prediction models. All preprocessing steps and models are implemented in the open-source R package wateRtemp to provide easy access to these modelling approaches and facilitate further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Stream conservation, Integrated water development, Stream ecology
Abstract
The main thrust of this book is focused on addressing the various interrelated processes, analysis and activities bearing upon sound river management. River basins are complex systems. They are open systems with sometimes ill-defined boundaries. It refers to various aspects essential to achieve a sustainable development of river basins, including water demand and river management. Intensified erosion, land water degradation and stream flow pollution which call for appropriate river restoration and training measures. A viable theory for river management must reconcile the various processes that occur at different scales in order to develop a knowledge base by synthesizing research and field studies results. The book is intended to augment the knowledge base of behaviour of rivers and analyse the issues related to rivers so as to develop river system management techniques emerging from in-depth scientific analysis as a priority. This book pools together the expertise, the in-depth knowledge and the experience of the people representing different disciplines bearing on the related aspects of analysis and management of river systems.AudienceThe book is expected to be useful to academics, practitioners, scientists, water managers, environmentalists, administrators, researchers and students who are involved and have stakes in water management and river system analysis.
Sustainable Water Management is essential for the social, economic, and environmental growth of developing countries. Many of those had very high population growth rates in the last century, resulted in fast urbanization and strengthened by heavy migration from rural areas to the cities either of big or small size. Water supply of good quality and adequate quantity, especially in countries with semi-arid regions, and appropriate sewerage systems and treatment of wastewaters impaired severe constraints for the population. Nevertheless, many alternatives for wastewater treatment were developed with the participation of universities and research institutions as well as by practitioners. Substantial efforts have been directed towards the search of good alternatives for domestic sewage treatment in metropolitan regions and small cities in developing countries in order to comply with their particular economic and environmental conditions. The use of conventional treatment technologies as well as advanced alternatives for treatment and post-treatment of wastewater, issues of plant scales in centralized and decentralized systems, and possible reuse of the effluents were aimed to present on this workshop and to discuss theoretical and practical aspects. The main objectives of the workshop were (i) to share experiences, knowledge, and research between different partners; (ii) to discuss major problems and challenges in the field of wastewater treatment and reuse in Metropolitan Regions and Small Cities in Developing Countries; (iii) to present suitable treatment technologies for domestic wastewater for the removal of recalcitrant substances and micro-pollutants from domestic sewage and industrial effluents; and (iv) likeliness of reuse of treated wastewater in urban areas, in the industry, and in agriculture. Individual topics dealt with were (v) alternatives for domestic sewage treatment in metropolitan regions and small cities; (vi) anaerobic processes for the treatment of domestic sewage and industrial wastewaters; (vii) stabilization ponds; (viii) aerobic granular sludge; (ix) post-treatment processes; (x) centralized and decentralized systems; and (xi) water reuse.
Dietrich Borchardt, Janos J. Bogardi, Ralf B. Ibisch, Dietrich Borchardt, Janos J. Bogardi, and Ralf B. Ibisch
Subjects
Water-supply--Management, Integrated water development
Abstract
This book reviews the concept, contemporary research efforts and the implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The IWRM concept was established as an international guiding water management paradigm in the early 1990ies and has become a vital approach to solving the problems associated with the topic of water. The book summarizes fourteen comprehensive IWRM research projects with worldwide coverage and analyses their motivations, settings, approaches and implementation of results. Aiming to be an up-to-date interdisciplinary scientific reference, this book provides a comprehensive theoretical and empirical analysis of contemporary IWRM research, examples of science based implementations and a synthesis of the lessons learnt. It concludes with some major future challenges, the solving of which will further strengthen the IWRM concept.
Anthony J Jakeman, Olivier Barreteau, Randall J Hunt, Jean-Daniel Rinaudo, Andrew Ross, Anthony J Jakeman, Olivier Barreteau, Randall J Hunt, Jean-Daniel Rinaudo, and Andrew Ross
Subjects
Groundwater--Management, Integrated water development
Abstract
The aim of this book is to document for the first time the dimensions and requirements of effective integrated groundwater management (IGM). Groundwater management is a formidable challenge, one that remains one of humanity's foremost priorities. It has become a largely non-renewable resource that is overexploited in many parts of the world. In the 21st century, the issue moves from how to simply obtain the water we need to how we manage it sustainably for future generations, future economies, and future ecosystems. The focus then becomes one of understanding the drivers and current state of the groundwater resource, and restoring equilibrium to at-risk aquifers. Many interrelated dimensions, however, come to bear when trying to manage groundwater effectively. An integrated approach to groundwater necessarily involves many factors beyond the aquifer itself, such as surface water, water use, water quality, and ecohydrology. Moreover, the science by itself canonly define the fundamental bounds of what is possible; effective IGM must also engage the wider community of stakeholders to develop and support policy and other socioeconomic tools needed to realize effective IGM. In order to demonstrate IGM, this book covers theory and principles, embracing: 1) an overview of the dimensions and requirements of groundwater management from an international perspective; 2) the scale of groundwater issues internationally and its links with other sectors, principally energy and climate change; 3) groundwater governance with regard to principles, instruments and institutions available for IGM; 4) biophysical constraints and the capacity and role of hydroecological and hydrogeological science including water quality concerns; and 5) necessary tools including models, data infrastructures, decision support systems and the management of uncertainty. Examples of effective, and failed, IGM are given. Throughout, the importance of the socioeconomic context that connects all effective IGM is emphasized. Taken as a whole, this work relates the many facets of effective IGM, from the catchment to global perspective.