217 results on '"I. Mühlhauser"'
Search Results
2. [Validity of clinical trials: are there differences between conventional and complementary alternative medicine?]
- Author
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F, Porzsolt, K, Linde, C, Witt, I, Mühlhauser, F, Runkel, and M, Habs
- Subjects
Complementary Therapies ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,Germany ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Reproducibility of Results - Abstract
So far there has been no consensus on the criteria which confirm the validity of scientific contributions in conventional medicine (CM) and complementary/ alternative medicine (CAM). An interdisciplinary group of experts from various disciplines within each of the areas of medicine held six well-documented sessions in an effort to reach a consensus. The group agreed that the methods to confirm the validity of clinical trials are identical in CM and CAM. There are differences in research strategies and there may also be differences in interpreting the results, depending on the concept of medicine.
- Published
- 2010
3. [Evidence-based patient information: the example of immunotherapy for patients with multiple sclerosis]
- Author
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J, Kasper, C, Heesen, and I, Mühlhauser
- Subjects
Evidence-Based Medicine ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Medical Records Systems, Computerized ,Patient Education as Topic ,Germany ,Humans ,Immunotherapy ,Patient Participation ,Decision Support Techniques - Abstract
The article elucidates consideration of scientific criteria for the development and design of evidence-based patient information (EBPI). Immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis serves as an example. Since in EBPI lack of evidence or ambiguities in available evidence are explicitly communicated, processing of EBPI does not necessarily lead to certainty about benefit and harms of medical interventions. However, only if the information is comprehensive in this respect can the EBPI be regarded as a robust basis for an informed choice. EBPI requires substantial developmental efforts. Regarding the growing number of medical interventions and the half-life of information, the question of responsibility for provision of EBPI is crucial. A vision is drafted in which EBPI is driven by demand of the patients and the public and is provided according to a costs-by-cause principle by those who distribute usual information hitherto. Trained patient advocates can appraise quality of information by use of instruments that consider criteria of EBPI. Critical health literacy should evolve early in school and can later on enhance usefulness of EBPI for people concerned with health issues.
- Published
- 2009
4. [Graduated compression stockings in surgery -- optional or obligatory?]
- Author
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Gabriele, Meyer, R, Gellert, G, Schlömer, and I, Mühlhauser
- Subjects
Male ,Venous Thrombosis ,Heparin ,Anticoagulants ,Thrombophlebitis ,Bandages ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Postoperative Complications ,Fibrinolytic Agents ,Meta-Analysis as Topic ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Female ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Graduated compression stockings (GCS) can effectively reduce postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and their use is recommended by expert committees. However, it appears that GCS are not frequently used. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the customary use of GCS in surgical settings in the City of Hamburg, Germany, and to present evidence on the effectiveness of GCS.A questionnaire on the use of thromboprophylaxis was sent to 48 surgeons in Hamburg. In addition, a comprehensive search for randomized-controlled trials, reviews, and meta-analyses indexed in MEDLINE (1984-06/2002) and the Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2002) was conducted to show the effectiveness of GCS compared to nontreatment, other antithrombotic methods, or combined treatment.Of 48 surgeons 39 responded. Seven surgeons dismissed the use of GCS for thromboprophylaxis, 3 used GCS alone, 25 GCS in combination with heparin, and 4 used GCS only for patients at high risk. The review of the literature revealed the effectiveness of GCS in general and for abdominal surgical patients. Enhanced benefit is suggested when combining GCS with another intervention such as low-dose unfractionated heparin. Single application of GCS in orthopedic surgical or neurosurgical patients using venography showed no effect when compared to combined treatment of GCS and low molecular weight heparin. Trials with patients undergoing gynecological and urological surgeries are rare. There is a lack of trials investigating health-related quality of life and costs associated with the use of GCS. Complications are poorly reported. A determination as to the appropriate length of stockings is presently not possible.GCS should be integral part of DVT prophylaxis in surgical departments. Their ineffectiveness is likely in some surgical populations.
- Published
- 2004
5. [Information on mammography screening--from deception to insight]
- Author
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I, Mühlhauser and B, Höldke
- Subjects
Evidence-Based Medicine ,Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Breast Neoplasms ,Female ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Mammography - Abstract
Information about mammography-screening as a basis for informed-decision making has to be evidence-based and presented in an unbiased format. This includes communication of results about effectiveness/lack of effectiveness of screening programmes (breast cancer mortality, total mortality), the quality of mammography as a screening test (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values), and possible harm (consequences of false positive and false negative results, overdiagnosis of breast cancer, overtreatment). Outcome data have to be communicated as natural frequencies rather than relative differences. In order to avoid framing of data equal emphasis has to be put on the proportion of persons who are likely to benefit and those who are unlikely to benefit or likely to be harmed.
- Published
- 2002
6. [Analysis of German language consumer information brochures on screening for colorectal cancer]
- Author
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A, Steckelberg, A, Balgenorth, and I, Mühlhauser
- Subjects
Patient Education as Topic ,Quality Assurance, Health Care ,Rectal Neoplasms ,Germany ,Colonic Neoplasms ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Pamphlets ,Consumer Behavior ,Colorectal Neoplasms ,Health Education - Abstract
A total of 17 consumer brochures that deal with the screening for colorectal cancer were analysed by two independently working researchers. The aim was to assess the quality of the information as a basis for evidence-based informed decision making using pre-defined evaluation criteria. No brochures fulfilled the necessary criteria. In most brochures there was a lack of transparency of the information process. No data was provided for estimating individual risks of colorectal cancer morbidity or mortality. With respect to the efficacy of screening no data was provided about relative or absolute risk reductions, number needed to screen, number needed to harm, predictive rates and false positive rates. In conclusion, presently available information brochures in Germany do not allow informed decision-making by consumers.
- Published
- 2001
7. [Mammography screening: presentation of scientific evidence as a basis for communication with women]
- Author
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I, Mühlhauser and B, Höldke
- Subjects
Adult ,Aged, 80 and over ,Physician-Patient Relations ,Communication ,Reproducibility of Results ,Breast Neoplasms ,Middle Aged ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Patient Education as Topic ,Germany ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,Women's Health ,False Positive Reactions ,Female ,False Negative Reactions ,Aged ,Mammography - Abstract
This article presents the evidence of mammography-screening for communication between the physician and the consumer. Scientific data on the quality of mammography as a screening test (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values), effectiveness of screening programs (breast cancer mortality, total mortality), and possible harm (consequences of false positive and false negative results, overdiagnosis of breast cancer, radiation) are presented. Outcome data are communicated as absolute numbers rather than relative differences. In order to avoid framing of data equal emphasis is put on the proportion of persons who are likely to benefit and those who are unlikely to benefit or likely to be harmed.
- Published
- 2000
8. [Amputations and mortality in elderly insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes]
- Author
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M, Spraul, A M, Schönbach, I, Mühlhauser, and M, Berger
- Subjects
Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Humans ,Insulin ,Female ,Prospective Studies ,Syndrome ,Amputation, Surgical ,Diabetic Foot ,Aged ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
The diabetic foot syndrome has a strong impact on the morbidity of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, since diabetics have a 22-fold higher amputation rate. The aim of this study was to conduct a prospective evaluation of elderly insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes, giving special consideration to the diabetic foot syndrome. 94 consecutively admitted patients (mean age 68 years; mean diabetes duration 13 years) were re-evaluated 2, 5 and 10 years after participation in a 5-day insulin treatment and teaching programme for patients with type 2 diabetes. During the 10-year follow-up period 60 (64%) patients had died. Of the remaining 34 patients 33 were evaluated personally or by phone. All patients still alive had no acute foot complications and no amputations during the 10-year follow-up period. In these patients an acceptable level of metabolic control and acute metabolic decompensations was found. However, in 55 deceased patients (no data were available for 5 patients) 20 above-knee amputations (1 patient on both legs) and 2 fore-foot amputations were performed. This shows that severe complications as amputations associated with high mortality will be grossly underestimated, unless deceased patients are included in follow-up studies. An improved care for the feet of elderly insulin-treated patients is needed.
- Published
- 1999
9. Rationale for the use of insulin therapy alone as the pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes
- Author
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M, Berger, V, Jörgens, and I, Mühlhauser
- Subjects
Sulfonylurea Compounds ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Germany ,Teaching ,Humans ,Hypoglycemic Agents ,Insulin ,Diabetic Angiopathies ,Demography - Abstract
Before any treatment of type 2 diabetes in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine can be generally recommended, the considerable disease heterogeneity must be taken into account, and randomized controlled intervention trials directed to cardiovascular and microangiopathic organ damage end points must be performed for the various subgroups of patients. Until then, it appears prudent to treat the typical Caucasian type 2 diabetic patient primarily by nondrug therapies, and if they fail to achieve the patient's individual treatment goals, then insulin treatment should be initiated. Treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with insulin alone, aimed at the patient's individual therapeutic goals, is effective and safe when conducted as an integral part of specific and structured treatment and teaching programs. Insulin treatment can be safely used to achieve near-normal HbA1c levels (7.0-7.5%) if prevention of diabetic microangiopathy is indicated, or to maintain HbA1c levels8.5-9.0% if catabolic symptoms due to insulin deficiency are to be prevented.
- Published
- 1999
10. Intensified treatment and education of type 1 diabetes as clinical routine. A nationwide quality-circle experience in Germany. ASD (the Working Group on Structured Diabetes Therapy of the German Diabetes Association)
- Author
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U A, Müller, M, Femerling, K M, Reinauer, A, Risse, M, Voss, V, Jörgens, M, Berger, and I, Mühlhauser
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Cohort Studies ,Quality Control ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care ,Patient Education as Topic ,Quality Assurance, Health Care ,Research Design ,Germany ,Health Policy ,Humans ,Patient Care Management - Abstract
This contribution describes the nationwide implementation of an intensive treatment and education program for type 1 diabetic patients in the clinical routine of the German health care system. Based on the formation of a working group (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Strukturierte Diabetestherapie [ASD]) of presently 57 general internal medicine departments, mainly from secondary and tertiary care levels in city and country hospitals throughout the country, a peer-review quality circle was formed as an official working group of the German Diabetes Association. The participating institutions performed a structured program of intensive treatment and education in all type 1 diabetic patients referred to them on a routine basis. The program includes multiple daily insulin injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, several times daily blood glucose self-monitoring and self-adaptation of insulin dosages and other aspects of treatment by the patients, and a far-reaching liberalization of the nutrition regimen. The group has attempted to document and to improve the quality of the structure and process of type 1 diabetes care in its participating institutions by a system of peer supervision. Furthermore, all member institutions volunteered to collect outcome data based on systematic 1-1.3 years' follow-up examinations of consecutive type 1 diabetic patients. For the 1997 evaluation of 1,103 type 1 diabetic patients, significant decreases of GHb levels and of incidence rates of severe hypoglycemia (from 0.35 to 0.16 cases per patient-year) and ketoacidosis (from 0.08 to 0.02 cases per patient-year) are presented. The ASD quality circle represents a model to improve principal aspects of type 1 diabetes care on a nationwide basis.
- Published
- 1999
11. Cigarette smoking and progression of retinopathy and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes
- Author
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I, Mühlhauser, R, Bender, U, Bott, V, Jörgens, M, Grüsser, W, Wagener, H, Overmann, and M, Berger
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Diabetic Retinopathy ,Logistic Models ,Smoking ,Disease Progression ,Humans ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Female ,Prospective Studies - Abstract
The objective of the present study was to analyse the association between cigarette smoking and progression of retinopathy and nephropathy, respectively, in a prospective multicentre study including 636 people with Type 1 diabetes: 81% of the original cohort of consecutively referred patients, aged 15 to 40 years and free of severe late diabetic complications. At baseline, all patients had participated in a 5-day in-patient group treatment and teaching programme for intensification of insulin therapy. Patients were examined at recruitment, and after 1, 2, 3 and 6 years including assessment of smoking status, blood pressure, metabolic control, and degree of nephropathy. Degree of retinopathy was assessed by ophthalmoscopy or fundus photography at baseline and after 6 years. Several logistic regression analyses were performed by describing the responses retinopathy and nephropathy, respectively, either as progression yes/no or as actual status at the 6-year follow-up and by using different measures for smoking. Adjustments for important covariables were made. While significant associations between smoking, and retinopathy and nephropathy respectively, were found, the relations were variable depending on the statistical model used. The results show that the real associations between smoking and retinopathy and nephropathy are complex and that more emphasis should be put on the complete description of the response variables and the statistical models used in clinical and epidemiological research.
- Published
- 1996
12. Improvement of hypertension care by a structured treatment and teaching programme
- Author
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P T, Sawicki, I, Mühlhauser, U, Didjurgeit, and M, Berger
- Subjects
Male ,Pilot Projects ,Middle Aged ,Blindness ,Diabetes Complications ,Clinical Protocols ,Patient Education as Topic ,Hypertension ,Humans ,Patient Compliance ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Female ,Family Practice ,Antihypertensive Agents - Abstract
Despite the availability of multiple nonpharmacological and pharmacological antihypertensive regimens large scale control of BP on a population basis is still unsatisfactory. To achieve a better quality in hypertension care we have developed and evaluated a structured outpatient hypertension treatment and teaching programme. This programme aims at improving of patients' compliance to antihypertensive therapy and is based on four groups sessions mainly conducted by paramedical personnel. This programme was evaluated in three different settings: in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and poor compliance to antihypertensive drug therapy; in blind patients with diabetic nephropathy and severe hypertension; and in patients with essential hypertension as treated by primary healthcare physicians in general practice. In all three studies a significant improvement in compliance to antihypertensive therapy and, hence, in BP control was demonstrated leading to preservation of renal function in diabetic nephropathy and fewer drug prescriptions in essential hypertension. In conclusion, studies evaluating the effect of large scale implementation of such structured treatment and teaching programmes on the quality of hypertension care in the community should be carried out.
- Published
- 1993
13. [Human insulin and symptoms of hypoglycemia]
- Author
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I, Mühlhauser
- Subjects
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Swine ,Animals ,Humans ,Insulin ,Middle Aged ,Hypoglycemia - Published
- 1992
14. Accuracy of blood glucose self monitoring in elderly insulin treated diabetic patients
- Author
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I, Mühlhauser, L, Heinemann, J, Karinganamattom, W, Schuwirth, and M, Berger
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Patient Education as Topic ,Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ,Humans ,Insulin ,Regression Analysis ,Aged ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
We investigated the accuracy of blood glucose self monitoring in 131 patients (mean +/- SD age 65 +/- 7 years, duration of diabetes 11 +/- 6 years) who participated in a 5-day inpatient group treatment and teaching programme especially designed for elderly insulin-treated patients. Patients' estimations and laboratory blood glucose measurements were compared on day 1 (after theoretical and practical introduction into blood glucose self monitoring) and on day 4 of the programme. Patients were trained in the visual reading of Haemoglukotest 20-800R; blood glucose meters were recommended only exceptionally. Error grid analysis showed a high accuracy of visually assessed blood glucose values, both on day 1 (94% of measurements in zone A, 5% in zone B) and on day 4 (95% in zone A, 4% in zone B). Patients with no prior experience in blood glucose self monitoring (n = 67) showed a significant improvement (p less than 0.02) in accuracy from day 1 to day 4. Values determined by blood glucose meters were less accurate, although this trend did not reach statistical significance. A second group of 94 consecutive patients was reexamined 5 years after participation in the treatment and teaching programme. 55 patients were still alive and 42 could be evaluated. Accuracy of blood glucose estimations was assessed in all 26 patients practising blood glucose self monitoring (age 69 +/- 5 years, diabetes duration 18 +/- 8 years), either at their homes (n = 23) or at our diabetes outpatient clinic (n = 3). Error grid analysis showed a high accuracy by visual reading (n = 21, 95% zone A, 5% zone B).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1991
15. Normoglykämie: Immer und realistisch?
- Author
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I. Mühlhauser
- Abstract
Durch die Einfuhrung der Methoden zur Blutzuckerselbstkontrolle ist es Patienten mit Typ-I-Diabetes prinzipiell moglich geworden, unter ambulanten Bedingungen die Blutzuckerwerte zu normalisieren. Erste eindrucksvolle Behandlungserfolge wurden mit schwangeren Diabetikerinnen erzielt. So zeigten Jovanovic et al. [1], das wahrend der gesamten Schwangerschaft mittlere Blutzuckerwerte von etwa 90 mg% ohne erhohtes Risiko schwerer Unterzuckerungen erreichbar sind. Durch Normoglykamie wahrend der Schwangerschaft lassen sich fetale Makrosomie und assoziierte Komplikationen vermeiden [1, 2]. Normoglykamie bereits vor der Konzeption und wahrend der Schwangerschaft reduziert die Hyperglykamie-assoziierte Misbildungsrate bei Kindern diabetischer Mutter [2].
- Published
- 1990
16. Patient education - evaluation of a complex intervention
- Author
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I., Mühlhauser, primary and M., Berger, additional
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Reliability of causes of death in persons with Type I diabetes
- Author
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I., Mühlhauser, primary, P., Sawicki, additional, M., Blank, additional, H., Overmann, additional, B., Richter, additional, and M., Berger, additional
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Possible risk of sulphonylureas in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease
- Author
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M. Berger, I. Mühlhauser, and P. T. Sawicki
- Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Internal Medicine - Published
- 1998
19. Thromboseprophylaxestrümpfe in der Chirurgie-optional oder obligat?
- Author
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Gabriele Meyer, R. Gellert, G. Schlömer, and I. Mühlhauser
- Abstract
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Medizinische Thromboseprophylaxestrümpfe (MTS) können postoperativ tiefe Beinvenenthrombosen (TBVT) wirksam reduzieren. Trotz Empfehlung der Fachgesellschaften bestehen Zweifel, ob MTS in der Praxis regelmäßig Anwendung finden. Die vorliegende Arbeit verfolgt zwei Ziele: 1. Ermittlung der aktuellen Akzeptanz von MTS in der Chirurgie am Beispiel der Stadt Hamburg; 2. Darstellung und Diskussion der Evidenz zu offenen Fragen zur Wirksamkeit von MTS. Methoden Die Leiter von 48 Hamburger chirurgischen Abteilungen wurden schriftlich zur Benutzung thromboseprophylaktischer Interventionen befragt. Zur Wirksamkeit von MTS im Vergleich zu Nichtbehandlung bzw. Applikation anderer antithrombotischer Maßnahmen allein oder kombiniert mit MTS erfolgte eine Literatursuche in Medline (1984?06/2002) und der Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2002). Es wurden randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien, Reviews und Metaanalysen ausgewertet. Ergebnisse 39 der 48 Chirurgen antworteten. Von diesen gaben 7 an, keine MTS anzuwenden, 3 benutzten ausschließlich MTS, 25 MTS in Kombination mit Heparin und 4 benutzten MTS nur für Hochrisikopatienten. Die Literaturanalyse belegte einen Wirksamkeitsnachweis für MTS bei Patienten der allgemeinen bzw. abdominalen Chirurgie. Die Kombination mit einer anderen Intervention wie niedrig-dosiertes unfraktioniertes Heparin verspricht einen vermehrten Nutzen. In Populationen mit elektiven orthopädischen oder neurochirurgischen Eingriffen und venographisch erhobenen TBVT-Ereignisraten wurde die fehlende Wirksamkeit der alleinigen Verabreichung von MTS im Vergleich zur Kombination von MTS mit niedermolekularem Heparin gezeigt. Es fehlen valide Studien zum Nutzen von MTS bei gynäkologischen und urologischen Patienten, zur gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität und zur Kosten-Nutzen-Relation. Die Nebenwirkungen von MTS sind nicht systematisch erfasst. Aussagen zur angemessenen Länge von MTS können derzeit nicht getroffen werden. Schlussfolgerungen MTS gebührt es, integraler Bestandteil der TBVT-Prävention in der Chirurgie zu sein. In einigen chirurgischen Populationen ist ein fehlender Nutzen wahrscheinlich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
20. Activation of platelet in vivo function and plasma levels of catecholamines and growth hormone during bicycle exercise in juvenile diabetes and healthy individuals
- Author
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G, Schernthaner, I, Mühlhauser, C, Seebacher, H, Templ, H, Sinzinger, and K, Silberbauer
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Blood Platelets ,Male ,Platelet Aggregation ,Platelet Count ,Physical Exertion ,Platelet Factor 4 ,Adenosine Diphosphate ,Catecholamines ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Growth Hormone ,Humans ,Female ,Serum Globulins - Published
- 1982
21. Erhöhte Plasmaspiegel der Plättchen-Releaseproteine β-Thromboglobulin und Plättchenfaktor 4 bei koronarer Herzkrankheit
- Author
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I. Mühlhauser, G. Schernthaner, F. Kaindl, and K. Silberbauer
- Abstract
Ein pathologisches Verhalten der Thrombozyten wird seit langem als moglicher Faktor in der Pathogenese und im Verlauf der koronaren Herzkrankheit diskutiert [6, 11].
- Published
- 1980
22. Cigarette-smoking as a risk factor for macroproteinuria and proliferative retinopathy in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes
- Author
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I, Mühlhauser, P, Sawicki, and M, Berger
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Risk ,Proteinuria ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Diabetic Retinopathy ,Smoking ,Humans ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Female ,Middle Aged - Abstract
In a case control study 192 cigarette-smoking patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes were compared with 192 non-cigarette-smoking patients pair-matched for sex (90 females), duration of diabetes (mean 14 years), and age (mean 32 years). Macroproteinuria was found in 19.3% of the smoking and in 8.3% of the non-smoking patients (p less than 0.001). Proliferative retinopathy was present in 12.5% of the smoking and in 6.8% of the non-smoking patients (p less than 0.025). The percentages of patients with normal proteinuria or without retinopathy were comparable between the two groups. In addition, glycosylated haemoglobin values and the prevalence of hypertension were similar between smoking and non-smoking patients. Thus, cigarette-smoking appears to be a risk factor for the progression of incipient to overt nephropathy and of background to proliferative retinopathy in Type 1 diabetes.
- Published
- 1986
23. [Effects of muscular exercise on non-glucoregulatory hormones (T3, rT3, T4, TSH, prolactin, FSH, LH) in type I diabetics (author's transl)]
- Author
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G, Schernthaner, I, Mühlhauser, C, Seebacher, and O, Ukponmwan
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Thyroid Hormones ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Physical Exertion ,Humans ,Insulin ,Follicle Stimulating Hormone ,Luteinizing Hormone ,Prolactin - Abstract
In the present investigation the influence of muscular exercise on non-glucoregulatory hormones (T3, rT3, T4, TSH, prolactin) was analyzed in non-ketotic, juvenile-onset type diabetics (JD) in relation of their metabolic control. The plasma hormonal concentrations were measured in 8 well-controlled JD, 8 moderately controlled JD and in 8 healthy subjects, before, during and after a 30 min. bicycle ergometer test of moderate work intensity. The exercise-induced rise in T4, and rT3 was similar in both groups of diabetics and did not significantly differ with that obtained in controls. A significant increase of T3-concentrations occurred only in the controls. Hormone levels of TSH, FSH and LH did not change significantly during exercise in all three groups, whereas prolactin showed a considerable increase (N. S.) in the well-controlled JD-patient group with low blood glucose concentrations. These findings demonstrate that muscular exercise leads to a similar effect on the behavior of T4, rT3, TSH, LH, and FSH concentrations, but not on T3 (no increase) and prolactin in non-ketotic, conventionally treated JD compared with healthy individuals.
- Published
- 1981
24. [Clinical significance of the radioimmunological determination of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4]
- Author
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G, Schernthaner, K, Silberbauer, I, Mühlhauser, and R, Willvonseder
- Subjects
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Renal Dialysis ,Beta-Globulins ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Radioimmunoassay ,Humans ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Multiple Myeloma ,Platelet Factor 4 ,beta-Thromboglobulin ,Polycythemia Vera ,Blood Coagulation Factors - Abstract
Recently new radioimmunoassay methods have been established to measure plasma concentrations of beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4), platelet release products which are set free when platelets aggregate. Plasma concentrations of beta-TG and PF4 were investigated in disorders with increased thromboembolic risk. Extremely high concentrations of these platelet proteins were found in patients with venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, polycythemia vera, and chronic renal failure. Moderately increased beta-TG and PF4 levels were observed in patients with peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma, and diabetes mellitus. These data indicate, that plasma concentrations of beta-TG and PF4 are useful parameters for the evaluation of the "in vivo" platelet activity. By using these new methods for clinical applications special blood sampling conditions have been taken into account; moreover one has to consider that the plasma levels of the platelet "release products" are dependent from renal function.
- Published
- 1979
25. [Quality control of the self-measurement of blood sugar in unselected type I diabetics. The importance of patient training]
- Author
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I, Mühlhauser, C, Broermann, H, Bartels, R, Berg, S, Schwarz, and M, Berger
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Patient Education as Topic ,Home Nursing ,Humans ,Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ,Middle Aged - Abstract
Unselected type I diabetics were hospitalized for group training and treatment programme during which blood-sugar was self-monitored with the Haemo-Glukotest 20-800; quality of self-monitoring improved appropriately. The patients had taken part in either the standard training programme (67 patients) or in the "intensive" training programme (101 patients). At the beginning of the training week, after the first theoretical and practical instructions, the quality of blood-sugar self-monitoring was equally poor among patients of both programmes. At the end of the "standard" training week, self-monitoring results were still unsatisfactory, though slightly better than at the onset. Because of these poor results, the training programme was intensified. Optimal quality of self-monitoring was then achieved at the end of the training period. In 69 others, also unselected, type I diabetics the quality of self-monitoring was determined 14 months after their participation in the training programme. Using the Haemo-Glukotest 20-800 (57 patients), self-monitoring gave excellent results; using a blood-glucose measuring instrument (12 patients) it was slightly worse. Assuming intensive training, even unselected type I diabetics can obtain accurate blood-sugar measurements using test-strips.
- Published
- 1984
26. [Evaluation of education of the diabetic. Quality control in diabetes therapy]
- Author
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M, Berger, I, Mühlhauser, and V, Jörgens
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Quality Control ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Patient Education as Topic ,Humans ,Patient Compliance - Abstract
Any successful treatment of type-I diabetic patients has to be based upon a detailed education of the diabetic patient in order to enable him to selfmanage his disease as much as possible. The goals of diabetes-therapy (i.e. near-normalization of glycaemia in order to prevent diabetic microangiopathy at as high a quality of life as possible) can only be achieved by actively involving the patient in his/her therapy. Thus patient education becomes the cornerstone of modern diabetes-care. The evaluation of diabetes-education has--eventually--be based upon an assessment of the quality of metabolic control. A number of studies have proven that effective diabetes-education programmes can substantially improve long-term metabolic control and the incidence of acute complications in type I diabetic patients. At present, it appears that the most efficient way to improve the overall quality of diabetes-care is to improve diabetes-education delivered to the patients.
- Published
- 1983
27. Vascular prostacyclin, platelet sensitivity to prostaglandins and platelet-specific proteins in diabetes mellitus. Analysis of type of diabetes, state of metabolic control and diabetic microangiopathy
- Author
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G, Schernthaner, H, Sinzinger, K, Silberbauer, H, Freyler, I, Mühlhauser, and J, Kaliman
- Subjects
Adenosine Diphosphate ,Blood Glucose ,Blood Platelets ,Glycated Hemoglobin ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Platelet Aggregation ,Prostaglandins ,Humans ,beta-Thromboglobulin ,Epoprostenol ,Diabetic Angiopathies ,Veins - Published
- 1981
28. Einfluß von Diabetestyp, Stoffwechselkontrolle (HbA1), Therapieform und Diabetesdauer auf HDL-Cholesterin und Plasmalipide bei Typ-I- und Typ-II-Diabetes mellitus
- Author
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G. Schernthaner, R. Prager, I. Mühlhauser, and Mathias Müller
- Abstract
Bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus besteht gegenuber der Normalbevolkerung ein deutlich erhohtes Risiko fur atherosklerotische Spatschaden. Unter einer Anzahl von Faktoren, die in der Pathogenese der diabetischen Gefasveranderungen diskutiert werden, durften Fettstoffwechselstorungen eine nicht unbedeutende Rolle spielen. Wahrend bei nichtdiabetischen Patienten ein negativer Zusammenhang zwischen Lipoproteinen hoher Dichte und klinisch manifesten atherosklerotischen Gefasveranderungen durch viele Studien [8, 10, 16, 17, 21, 24] belegt ist, konnte eine klare negative Assoziation zwischen HDL-Cholesterinwerten und Atheroskleroserisiko bei Diabetikern bisher nicht nachgewiesen werden. So wurden bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus im Vergleich zur Normalbevolkerung erniedrigte [13], normale [1], aber auch erhohte [18] HDL-Cholesterinwerte in Abhangigkeit von Diabetestyp und Therapieform berichtet.
- Published
- 1980
29. [The value of education of diabetics in the therapy of type 1 diabetes]
- Author
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M, Berger, V, Jörgens, I, Mühlhauser, and H, Zimmermann
- Subjects
Hospitalization ,Glucose ,Patient Education as Topic ,Glycosuria ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Humans ,Insulin ,Self Administration ,Length of Stay ,Long-Term Care ,Diabetic Angiopathies - Published
- 1983
30. Stoffwechsel
- Author
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J. Köbberling, H. Schwarck, P. Cremer, J. Fiechtl, D. Seidel, W. Creutzfeldt, P. Schauder, K. Schröder, H. Kaffarnik, J. van der Busch, M. Dahlhaus, L. Hausmann, F. R. Hoffmann, H. G. Klingemann, M. Munoz, J. Schneider, R. Schubotz, P. Zöfel, B. Schäfer-Klimkeit, P. Janetschek, P. Weisweiler, P. Schwandt, M. Drosner, E. Walter, M. Kohlmeier, G. Schlierf, E. Weber, K. Henze, O. Seidl, G. Wolfram, N. Zöllner, C. Keller, H. Pfleger, B. Schellenberg, L. Arab, P. Oster, B. Jakober, R. M. Schmülling, P. H. Müller, U. Reinhard, W. Gaul, H. Fuchs, G. Biegel, M. Eggstein, R. Prager, G. Schernthaner, G. Kostner, I. Mühlhauser, P. D. Lang, W. O. Richter, G. Neureuther, V. Heinemann, W. Richter, J. Bohner, W. Stein, W. Gröbner, E. Ritz, D. Matthaei, H. V. Henning, U. Langenbeck, and H. Dieplinger
- Published
- 1981
31. [Hypotrypsinemia in diabetes mellitus]
- Author
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G, Schernthaner, I, Mühlhauser, and R, Willvonseder
- Subjects
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Immunoglobulin G ,Insulin Antibodies ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Radioimmunoassay ,Humans ,Trypsin - Abstract
Plasma concentrations of immune-reactive trypsin (IRT) were determined in 212 patients with juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes (Type I) and in 158 patients with maturity onset diabetes (Type II) in comparison to 121 healthy individuals. Significantly increased IRT levels were obtained in the type I diabetics, whereas IRT concentrations were normal or increased in the type II diabetic patients. Hypotrypsinemia occurred predominantly in type I diabetics with high IgG-insulin antibodies or islet-cell antibodies. No correlation was noted between the IRT-levels and the beta-cell residual capacity in the type-I diabetics.
- Published
- 1979
32. [Effect of muscular exercise and metabolic control on cortisol, growth hormone, plasma-epinephrine and plasma-norepinephrine in type-I diabetics [author's transl)]
- Author
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I, Mühlhauser, G, Schernthaner, C, Seebacher, H, Templ, and O, Ukponmwan
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Norepinephrine ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Epinephrine ,Hydrocortisone ,Growth Hormone ,Physical Exertion ,Humans ,Insulin - Abstract
In the present study we investigated the influence of muscular exercise on stress-hormones (cortisol, growth hormone, epinephrine, norepinephrine) in nonketotic, juvenile-type diabetics (JD) in relation to the degree of metabolic control. The plasma-hormone-concentrations were measured in 8 well controlled JD, 8 moderately controlled JD and in 8 healthy subjects, before, during and after a 30 min bicycle ergometer test of moderate work intensity. The exercise induced rise in cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine wa similar in both groups of diabetics and not significantly different compared with controls. In healthy subjects growth hormone levels rose significantly with the onset of exercise, whereas in both patient groups maximal growth hormone concentrations were found at the end of the ergometer test. In moderately controlled JD, however, growth hormone concentrations were significantly higher than in well controlled JD. The results demonstrate that muscular exercise shows a similar effect on cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, but not on growth hormone concentrations in nonketotic, conventionally treated JD compared with controls.
- Published
- 1981
33. [Length of stay and length of work incapacity in patients with Type I diabetes. Effects of a diabetes treatment and education program]
- Author
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I, Mühlhauser, A B, Klemm, B, Boor, V, Scholz, and M, Berger
- Subjects
Adult ,Hospitalization ,Male ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Insurance, Health ,Patient Education as Topic ,Absenteeism ,Humans ,Work Capacity Evaluation ,Female ,Length of Stay - Abstract
Objective data on duration of hospital stay and of incapacity to work were collected for 137 type I diabetics who had taken part in a structured diabetes treatment and training scheme. Before the training period the average hospital stay had been 0.76 per patient per year, duration per stay 21 days, number of episodes of work incapacity 1.6 per patient per year, duration of incapacity 23.6 days. For a subgroup of patients (62) the influence of the training programme could be demonstrated: hospital stay fell to 0.49 per patient per year, duration per stay to 12.0 days, number of incapacity episodes to 1.4 per patient per year, and the days lost from work to 12.1 per patient per year.
- Published
- 1986
34. [The clinical importance of glycohaemoglobin (HbA1) (author's transl)]
- Author
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G, Schernthaner, M M, Müller, R, Prager, and I, Mühlhauser
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Cystic Fibrosis ,Platelet Aggregation ,Glycosuria ,Pregnancy ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,Humans ,Female ,Hemoglobin A ,Erythrocyte Aging ,Lipid Metabolism ,Uremia - Abstract
Glycosylated haemoglobin provides an integrative measure of long-term glycaemic levels and complements conventional glucose monitoring in the management of diabetes. The present study was determined to review nomenclature, biochemistry and the analytic methods available for measurement of HbA1. Clinical studies are reported that relate HbA1 concentrations to various parameters of glucose control, diabetes type and diabetes therapy. Moreover, this review considers nondiabetic disorders that are associated with falsely abnormal HbA1 levels and in addition, the value of HbA1 in predicting complications of diabetes and in the diagnosis of subclinical diabetes is discussed.
- Published
- 1980
35. Platelet proteins (beta-TG and PF4) in atherosclerosis and related diseases
- Author
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I, Mühlhauser, G, Schernthaner, K, Silberbauer, H, Sinzinger, and J, Kaliman
- Subjects
Blood Platelets ,Male ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ,Arteriosclerosis ,Beta-Globulins ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Humans ,Coronary Disease ,Vascular Diseases ,Platelet Factor 4 ,beta-Thromboglobulin ,Blood Coagulation Factors - Abstract
The mean plasma concentrations of beta-TG and PF4 were significantly elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease and coronary artery disease reflecting enhanced in vivo platelet activity in some of these patients. No correlations could be observed between state of metabolic control and concentrations of platelet specific proteins in diabetic subjects. High mean beta-TG levels were noticed in diabetic patients with increasing severity of retinopathy. Raised beta-TG values decreased significantly after two weeks of treatment with dipyridamole in 10 type-I diabetics. In patients with peripheral vascular disease the WU-test, but not the ADP- or collagen induced platelet aggregation was significantly different between patients and controls, but there were no correlations between the mentioned platelet function tests.
- Published
- 1980
36. [Renoparenchymal hypertension]
- Author
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I, Mühlhauser, P, Sawicki, and M, Berger
- Subjects
Hypertension, Renal ,Humans ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Antihypertensive Agents - Published
- 1989
37. Subject Index, Vol. 13, 1983
- Author
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G. Clendinnen, David Green, M. Amiel, Daniel Dubler, Shuhei Takemura, Jacqueline Conard, Brook Jg, R. Cotumaccio, A.M. Freyria, I. Mühlhauser, Toshikazu Yoshikawa, Michael Aviram, J. Kirchheimer, Geoffrey I. Holmes, M. Small, Masashi Murakami, Motoharu Kondo, Helga Kohl, Ernst F. Lüscher, C. Seebacher, Chung-hsin Ts'ao, Nancy Reynolds, Charles D. Forbes, Schernthaner G, Giuseppe Leone, R. Eloy, Haruki Kato, G. Massi, F. Brosstad, Richard O. Davies, Cynthia Johnson, Gordon D.O. Lowe, Ulrich Abildgaard, Elissa Z. Cameron, Yasumasa Furukawa, M.M. Samama, David A. Deranleau, V.M. Valori, H. Laimer, B.R. Binder, M. Lie Larsen, Jacques Paul, and H. Böhm
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Index (economics) ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,Subject (documents) ,Hematology ,business ,Surgery - Published
- 1983
38. [Evaluation of the public health measures introduced during the coronavirus pandemic: Evidence-based risk communication must be a central topic].
- Author
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Mühlhauser I, Pantel J, and Meyer G
- Subjects
- Humans, Germany, Public Health, Communication, Risk Assessment, Decision Making, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 epidemiology, Evidence-Based Medicine, Pandemics prevention & control, SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
Evidence-based and comprehensible health information is a key element of evidence-based medicine and public health. The goal is informed decision-making based on realistic estimations of health risks and accurate expectations about benefits and harms of interventions. In Germany, standards of evidence-based risk information were poorly followed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frequently, public information was biased, fragmentary and misleading. Pandemic-related threat scenarios induced emotional distress and unnecessary anxiety. A systematic and comprehensive evaluation of the pandemic measures is crucial, but still pending in Germany. A critical analysis of risk communication by experts, politicians and the media during the pandemic should be a key element of the evaluation process. Evaluation of decision making and media reporting during the pandemic should improve preparedness for future crises., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Methodological Error.
- Author
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Sönnichsen A, Mühlhauser I, and Meyer G
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Informed decision-making with and for people with dementia: Developing and pilot testing an education program for legal representatives (PRODECIDE).
- Author
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Lühnen J, Mühlhauser I, and Richter T
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Delivery of Health Care legislation & jurisprudence, Female, Humans, Legal Guardians education, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Advocacy education, Proxy legislation & jurisprudence, Decision Making, Dementia psychology, Legal Guardians legislation & jurisprudence, Patient Advocacy legislation & jurisprudence
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Nurse-led coaching of shared decision-making for women with ductal carcinoma in situ in breast care centers: A cluster randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Berger-Höger B, Liethmann K, Mühlhauser I, Haastert B, and Steckelberg A
- Subjects
- Adult, Cluster Analysis, Female, Germany, Humans, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Breast Neoplasms nursing, Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating nursing, Decision Making, Shared, Nurse-Patient Relations
- Abstract
Background: Women with breast cancer demand informed shared decision-making. Guidelines support these claims., Objectives: To investigate whether an informed shared decision-making intervention for women with 'ductal carcinoma in situ' comprising an evidence-based decision aid with nurse-led decision coaching enhances the extent of the mutual shared decision-making behavior of patients and professionals regarding treatment options, and to analyze implementation barriers., Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial with accompanying process evaluation., Setting: Certified breast care centers in Germany., Participants: Women with ductal carcinoma in situ and no previous history of breast cancer facing a primary treatment decision., Methods: Sixteen breast centers were randomized to intervention or standard care to recruit 192 patients (partially-blinded). All coaching sessions and physician consultations were videotaped to assess the primary outcome 'extent of patient involvement in shared decision-making' using the MAPPIN-O
dyad observer instrument (scores 0 to 4). Secondary endpoints included the sub-measures of the MAPPIN-inventory (MAPPIN-Onurse , MAPPIN-Ophysician , MAPPIN-Opatient , MAPPIN-Qnurse , MAPPIN-Qpatient and MAPPIN-Qphysician ), 'informed choice', 'decisional conflict' and 'duration of consultations'. Primary intention-to-treat analyses were on cluster level comparing means of cluster values using t-tests. An accompanying process evaluation was conducted comprising 1) analysis of all video recordings with focus on procedures and intervention fidelity and 2) field notes of researchers and feedback from professionals and patients assessed by questionnaires and interviews with focus on barriers and facilitators for implementation at different time points., Results: Due to protracted recruitment, the study was terminated after 14 centers had included 64 patients (intervention group 36, control group 28). Patient participation in informed shared decision-making was significantly higher in the intervention group (mean (SD) score 2.29 (0.56) vs. 0.42 (0.51) in the control group; difference 1.88 (95% CI 1.26-2.50, p < 0.0001). 47.7% women in the intervention group made informed choices, but none in the control group, difference 47.7% (95% CI 12.6-82.7%, p = 0.016). In the intervention group physician consultations lasted 12.8 (6.6) min. vs. 24.3 (6.3) min. in the control group. Physicians' attitudes, false incentives and structural barriers hindered implementation of informed shared decision-making. Nurses appreciated their new roles., Conclusions: Informed shared decision-making is not yet implemented in German breast care centers. Nurse-led decision coaching grounded on evidence-based patient information enhances informed shared decision-making. Trial registration No. ISRCTN46305518., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Communicating prognosis to women with early breast cancer - overview of prediction tools and the development and pilot testing of a decision aid.
- Author
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Mühlbauer V, Berger-Höger B, Albrecht M, Mühlhauser I, and Steckelberg A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Focus Groups, Humans, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Survival, Breast Neoplasms diagnosis, Communication, Decision Support Techniques
- Abstract
Background: Shared decision-making in oncology requires information on individual prognosis. This comprises cancer prognosis as well as competing risks of dying due to age and comorbidities. Decision aids usually do not provide such information on competing risks. We conducted an overview on clinical prediction tools for early breast cancer and developed and pilot-tested a decision aid (DA) addressing individual prognosis using additional chemotherapy in early, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer as an example., Methods: Systematic literature search on clinical prediction tools for the effects of drug treatment on survival of breast cancer. The DA was developed following criteria for evidence-based patient information and International Patient Decision Aids Standards. We included data on the influence of age and comorbidities on overall prognosis. The DA was pilot-tested in focus groups. Comprehension was additionally evaluated through an online survey with women in breast cancer self-help groups., Results: We identified three prediction tools: Adjuvant!Online, PREDICT and CancerMath. All tools consider age and tumor characteristics. Adjuvant!Online considers comorbidities, CancerMath displays age-dependent non-cancer mortality. Harm due to therapy is not reported. Twenty women participated in focus groups piloting the DA until data saturation was achieved. A total of 102 women consented to participate in the online survey, of which 86 completed the survey. The rate of correct responses was 90.5% and ranged between 84 and 95% for individual questions., Conclusions: None of the clinical prediction tools fulfilled the requirements to provide women with all the necessary information for informed decision-making. Information on individual prognosis was well understood and can be included in patient decision aids.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Informed shared decision-making programme for patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care: cluster randomised controlled trial.
- Author
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Buhse S, Kuniss N, Liethmann K, Müller UA, Lehmann T, and Mühlhauser I
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetic Angiopathies complications, Diabetic Angiopathies drug therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Glycated Hemoglobin metabolism, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Hypertension complications, Hypertension drug therapy, Medication Adherence, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Physician-Patient Relations, Referral and Consultation, Decision Making, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Patient Participation, Primary Health Care methods
- Abstract
Objective: To translate an informed shared decision-making programme (ISDM-P) for patients with type 2 diabetes from a specialised diabetes centre to the primary care setting., Design: Patient-blinded, two-arm multicentre, cluster randomised controlled trial of 6 months follow-up; concealed randomisation of practices after patient recruitment and acquisition of baseline data., Setting: 22 general practices providing care according to the German Disease Management Programme (DMP) for type 2 diabetes., Participants: 279 of 363 eligible patients without myocardial infarction or stroke., Interventions: The ISDM-P comprises a patient decision aid, a corresponding group teaching session provided by medical assistants and a structured patient-physician encounter.Control group received standard DMP care., Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Primary endpoint was patient adherence to antihypertensive or statin drug therapy by comparing prescriptions and patient-reported uptake after 6 months. Secondary endpoints included informed choice, risk knowledge (score 0-11 from 11 questions) and prioritised treatment goals of patients and doctors., Results: ISDM-P: 11 practices with 151 patients; standard care: 11 practices with 128 patients; attrition rate: 3.9%. There was no difference between groups regarding the primary endpoint. Mean drug adherence rates were high for both groups (80% for antihypertensive and 91% for statin treatment). More ISDM-P patients made informed choices regarding statin intake, 34% vs 3%, OR 16.6 (95% CI 4.4 to 63.0), blood pressure control, 39% vs 3%, OR 22.2 (95% CI 5.3 to 93.3) and glycated haemoglobin, 43% vs 3%, OR 26.0 (95% CI 6.5 to 104.8). ISDM-P patients achieved higher levels of risk knowledge, with a mean score of 6.96 vs 2.86, difference 4.06 (95% CI 2.96 to 5.17). In the ISDM-P group, agreement on prioritised treatment goals between patients and doctors was higher, with 88.5% vs 57%., Conclusions: The ISDM-P was successfully implemented in general practices. Adherence to medication was very high making improvements hardly detectable., Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN77300204; Results., Competing Interests: Competing interests: NK reports grant from the Diabetes Centre Thuringia during the conduct of the study., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2018. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Alternative package leaflets improve people's understanding of drug side effects-A randomized controlled exploratory survey.
- Author
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Mühlbauer V, Prinz R, Mühlhauser I, and Wegwarth O
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Comprehension, Drug Labeling methods, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions psychology, Health Communication methods
- Abstract
Background: Current German and EU package leaflets (PLs) do not distinguish to what extent listed side effects are indeed side effects caused by drug intake or instead symptoms that occur regardless of drug use. We recently showed that most health professionals misinterpret the frequencies of listed side effects as solely caused by the drug. The present study investigated whether (1) these misinterpretations also prevail among laypeople and (2) alternative PLs reduce these misinterpretations., Methods: In March 2017, 397 out of 400 laypeople approached completed an online survey. They were randomized to one of four PL formats: three alternative PLs (drug facts box with/without reading instruction, narrative format with numbers) and one standard PL. Each PL listed four side effects for a fictitious drug: two were presented as occurring more often, one as equally often, and one as less often with drug intake. The alternative formats (interventions) included information on frequencies with and without drug intake and included a statement on the causal relation. The standard PL (control) only included information on frequency ranges with drug intake. Questions were asked on general occurrence and causality of side effects., Results: Participants randomized to the standard PL were unable to answer questions on causality. For side effects occurring more often (equally; less often) with drug intake, only 1.9% to 2.8% (equally: 1.9%; less often: 1.9%) provided correct responses about the causal nature of side effects, compared to 55.0% to 81.9% (equally: 23.8% to 70.5%; less often: 21.0% to 43.2%) of participants who received alternative PLs. It remains unclear whether one alternative format is superior to the others., Conclusion: In conclusion, information on the frequency of side effects in current package leaflets is misleading. Comparative presentation of frequencies for side effects with and without drug intake including statements on the causal relation significantly improves understanding., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Quality of Informed Consent Forms-a Systematic Review and Critical Analysis.
- Author
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Lühnen J, Mühlhauser I, and Steckelberg A
- Subjects
- Evaluation Studies as Topic, Forms as Topic, Germany, Humans, Informed Consent standards
- Abstract
Background: The patient's consent to a medical procedure must be preceded by a pre-procedure discussion with the physician that is documented on a standardized form. Evidence suggests that these forms lack information that would be relevant for an informed decision., Methods: We carried out a systematic literature search up to February 2017 for evidence on the quality and efficacy of informed consent forms. The definition of criteria for the evaluation of meta-information, content, and presentation were derived from current guidelines for evidence-based health information. As an example, we analyzed consent forms currently in use in Germany for 10 medical interventions with regard to decisionally relevant content and intelligibility of format., Results: Our literature search yielded 14 content analyses, which revealed that even some of the more important evaluative criteria were not always met, including information on benefits (9/14), risks (14/14), alternatives (11/14), the option of doing nothing (6/14), and numerical frequencies (2/14). All analyses indicated deficiencies in the content of the consent forms. We then analyzed 37 consent forms obtained from publishing companies (across Germany) and physician's practices in Hamburg. These forms were found to contain information on: the intervention (37/37), benefits (30/37), risks (37/37), alternatives (26/37), the option of doing nothing (4/37), numerical frequencies (10/37), the names of the authors (17/37), sources of information (0/37), and date of issue (21/37)., Conclusion: Both the evidence from foreign countries and our own analysis of the consent forms now in use in Germany revealed deficiencies, particularly in the communication of risks. New standards are needed to promote well-informed decision-making. Structural changes in the process of patient information and decision-making should be discussed.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Causal interpretation of correlational studies - Analysis of medical news on the website of the official journal for German physicians.
- Author
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Buhse S, Rahn AC, Bock M, and Mühlhauser I
- Subjects
- Evidence-Based Medicine, Germany, Information Dissemination, Internet, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Retrospective Studies, Sampling Studies, Causality, Journalism, Medical standards, Medical Writing standards, Observational Studies as Topic, Periodicals as Topic
- Abstract
Background: Media frequently draws inappropriate causal statements from observational studies. We analyzed the reporting of study results in the Medical News section of the German medical journal Deutsches Ärzteblatt (DÄ)., Methods: Study design: Retrospective quantitative content analysis of randomly selected news reports and related original journal articles and press releases. A medical news report was selected if headlines comprised at least two linked variables. Two raters independently categorized the headline and text of each news report, conclusions of the abstract and full text of the related journal article, and the press release. The assessment instrument comprised five categories from 'neutral' to 'unconditionally causal'. Outcome measures: degree of matching between 1) news headlines and conclusions of the journal article, 2) headlines and text of news reports, 3) text and conclusions, and 4) headlines and press releases. We analyzed whether news headlines rated as unconditionally causal based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs)., Results: One-thousand eighty-seven medical news reports were published between April 2015 and May 2016. The final random sample comprised 176 news reports and 100 related press releases. Degree of matching: 1) 45% (79/176) for news headlines and journal article conclusions, 2) 55% (97/176) for headlines and text, 3) 53% (93/176) for text and conclusions, and 4) 41% (41/100) for headlines and press releases. Exaggerations were found in 45% (80/176) of the headlines compared to the conclusions of the related journal article. Sixty-five of 137 unconditionally causal statements of the news headlines were phrased more weakly in the subsequent news text body. Only 52 of 137 headlines (38%) categorized as unconditionally causal reported RCTs., Conclusion: Reporting of medical news in the DÄ medical journal is misleading. Most headlines that imply causal associations were not based on RCTs. Medical journalists should follow standards of reporting scientific study results.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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47. Nurse-led immunotreatment DEcision Coaching In people with Multiple Sclerosis (DECIMS) - Feasibility testing, pilot randomised controlled trial and mixed methods process evaluation.
- Author
-
Rahn AC, Köpke S, Backhus I, Kasper J, Anger K, Untiedt B, Alegiani A, Kleiter I, Mühlhauser I, and Heesen C
- Subjects
- Feasibility Studies, Humans, Multiple Sclerosis drug therapy, Nursing Evaluation Research, Pilot Projects, Process Assessment, Health Care, Clinical Decision-Making, Multiple Sclerosis nursing
- Abstract
Background: Treatment decision-making is complex for people with multiple sclerosis. Profound information on available options is virtually not possible in regular neurologist encounters. The "nurse decision coach model" was developed to redistribute health professionals' tasks in supporting immunotreatment decision-making following the principles of informed shared decision-making., Objectives: To test the feasibility of a decision coaching programme and recruitment strategies to inform the main trial., Design: Feasibility testing and parallel pilot randomised controlled trial, accompanied by a mixed methods process evaluation., Setting: Two German multiple sclerosis university centres., Participants Pilot Trial: People with suspected or relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis facing immunotreatment decisions on first line drugs were recruited. Randomisation to the intervention (n = 38) or control group (n = 35) was performed on a daily basis. Quantitative and qualitative process data were collected from people with multiple sclerosis, nurses and physicians., Methods: We report on the development and piloting of the decision coaching programme. It comprises a training course for multiple sclerosis nurses and the coaching intervention. The intervention consists of up to three structured nurse-led decision coaching sessions, access to an evidence-based online information platform (DECIMS-Wiki) and a final physician consultation. After feasibility testing, a pilot randomised controlled trial was performed. People with multiple sclerosis were randomised to the intervention or control group. The latter had also access to the DECIMS-Wiki, but received otherwise care as usual. Nurses were not blinded to group assignment, while people with multiple sclerosis and physicians were. The primary outcome was 'informed choice' after six months including the sub-dimensions' risk knowledge (after 14 days), attitude concerning immunotreatment (after physician consultation), and treatment uptake (after six months). Quantitative process evaluation data were collected via questionnaires. Qualitative interviews were performed with all nurses and a convenience sample of nine people with multiple sclerosis., Results: 116 people with multiple sclerosis fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 73 (63%) were included. Groups were comparable at baseline. Data of 51 people with multiple sclerosis (70%) were available for the primary endpoint. In the intervention group 15 of 31 (48%) people with multiple sclerosis achieved an informed choice after six months and 6 of 20 (30%) in the control group. Process evaluation data illustrated a positive response towards the coaching programme as well as good acceptance., Conclusions: The pilot-phase showed promising results concerning acceptability and feasibility of the intervention, which was well perceived by people with multiple sclerosis, most nurses and physicians. Delegating parts of the immunotreatment decision-making process to trained nurses has the potential to increase informed choice and participation as well as effectiveness of patient-physician consultations., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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48. Implementation of shared decision-making in oncology: development and pilot study of a nurse-led decision-coaching programme for women with ductal carcinoma in situ.
- Author
-
Berger-Höger B, Liethmann K, Mühlhauser I, and Steckelberg A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Young Adult, Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating therapy, Decision Making, Decision Support Techniques, Evidence-Based Nursing, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Nurse-Patient Relations, Oncology Nursing, Patient Participation, Program Development
- Abstract
Background: To implement informed shared decision-making (ISDM) in breast care centres, we developed and piloted an inter-professional complex intervention., Methods: We developed an intervention consisting of three components: an evidence-based patient decision aid (DA) for women with ductal carcinoma in situ, a decision-coaching led by specialised nurses (breast care nurses and oncology nurses) and structured physician encounters. In order to enable professionals to gain ISDM competencies, we developed and tested a curriculum-based training programme for specialised nurses and a workshop for physicians. After successful testing of the components, we conducted a pilot study to test the feasibility of the entire revised intervention in two breast care centres. Here the acceptance of the intervention by women and professionals, the applicability to the breast care centres' procedures, women's knowledge, patient involvement in treatment decision-making assessed with the MAPPIN'SDM-observer instrument MAPPIN'O
dyad, and barriers to and facilitators of the implementation were taken into consideration. We used questionnaires, structured verbal and written feedback and video recordings. Qualitative data were analysed descriptively, and mean values and ranges of quantitative data were calculated., Results: To test the DA, focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with 27 women. Six expert reviews were obtained. The components of the nurse training were tested with 18 specialised nurses and 19 health science students. The development and piloting of the components were successful. The pilot test of the entire intervention included seven patients. In general, the intervention is applicable. Patients attained adequate knowledge (range of correct answers: 9-11 of 11). On average, a basic level of patient involvement in treatment decision-making was observed for nurses and patient-nurse dyads (M(MAPPIN-Odyad ): 2.15 and M(MAPPIN-Onurse ): 1.90). Relevant barriers were identified; physicians barely tolerated women's preferences that were not in line with the medical recommendation. Classifying women as inappropriate for ISDM due to age or education led physicians to neglect eligible women during the recruitment phase., Conclusion: Decision-coaching is feasible. Nevertheless, there are some indications that structural changes are needed for long-term implementation. We are currently evaluating the intervention in a cluster randomised controlled trial in 16 breast care centres.- Published
- 2017
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49. Informed decision-making with and for people with dementia - efficacy of the PRODECIDE education program for legal representatives: protocol of a randomized controlled trial (PRODECIDE-RCT).
- Author
-
Lühnen J, Haastert B, Mühlhauser I, and Richter T
- Subjects
- Decision Support Techniques, Feasibility Studies, Germany, Humans, Knowledge, Legal Guardians education, Legal Guardians legislation & jurisprudence, Patient Participation, Decision Making, Delivery of Health Care standards, Dementia, Patient Advocacy education, Patient Advocacy legislation & jurisprudence, Proxy legislation & jurisprudence
- Abstract
Background: In Germany, the guardianship system provides adults who are no longer able to handle their own affairs a court-appointed legal representative, for support without restriction of legal capacity. Although these representatives only rarely are qualified in healthcare, they nevertheless play decisive roles in the decision-making processes for people with dementia. Previously, we developed an education program (PRODECIDE) to address this shortcoming and tested it for feasibility. Typical, autonomy-restricting decisions in the care of people with dementia-namely, using percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) or physical restrains (PR), or the prescription of antipsychotic drugs (AP)-were the subject areas trained. The training course aims to enhance the competency of legal representatives in informed decision-making. In this study, we will evaluate the efficacy of the PRODECIDE education program., Methods: A randomized controlled trial with a six-month follow-up will be conducted to compare the PRODECIDE education program with standard care, enrolling legal representatives (N = 216). The education program lasts 10 h and comprises four modules: A, decision-making processes and methods; and B, C and D, evidence-based knowledge about PEG, PR and AP, respectively. The primary outcome measure is knowledge, which is operationalized as the understanding of decision-making processes in healthcare affairs and in setting realistic expectations about benefits and harms of PEG, PR and AP in people with dementia. Secondary outcomes are sufficient and sustainable knowledge and percentage of persons concerned affected by PEG, FEM or AP. A qualitative process evaluation will be performed. Additionally, to support implementation, a concept for translating the educational contents into e-learning modules will be developed., Discussion: The study results will show whether the efficacy of the education program could justify its implementation into the regular training curricula for legal representatives. Additionally, it will determine whether an e-learning course provides a valuable backup or even alternative learning strategy., Trial Registration: TRN: ISRCTN17960111 , Date: 01/06/2017.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Questionnaire Should not Be Used any Longer.
- Author
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Steckelberg A, Meyer G, and Mühlhauser I
- Subjects
- Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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