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Animal mycotoxicoses caused by ingestion of toxicogenic micromycete-contaminated feed are of major concern for agricultural industry and of great importance for production of agricultural products. In 2017–2019, feed and raw feed materials produced in the Republic of Crimea were tested for mold fungi and genera composition thereof; the feedstuffs were tested for total toxicity by bioassay in rabbits. A total of 252 samples including 124 grain feed samples, 70 forage samples, 58 mixed feed samples were selected for testing. Tests showed that the major detected contaminants were members of the following genera: Mucor (67.9%), Penicillium (26.6%), Aspergillus (13.1%), Fusarium (9.1%), Alternaria (8.7%), Stachybotrys (3.6%) and Rhizopus (2.0%). It was revealed that feed were exposed to mold fungi contamination during vegetation and harvesting as well as during transportation and storage. Thus, in spring the feed were more often contaminated with micromycetes of Penicillium genus (37.8%) and Stachybotrys genus (6.7%); feed collected and tested in autumn were more often contaminated with toxicogenic mold fungi of Fusarium genus (14.9%), Alternaria genus (13.9%) and Rhizopus genus (3.0%); in winter members of Mucor genus (78.0%) and Aspergillus genus (22.0%) were most often detected in feed. Tests for determination of total toxicity showed that 9 (7.3%) and 10 (8.1%) samples out of 124 tested grain feed samples were low toxic and evidently toxic, respectively. Tests of mixed feed samples for toxicity showed that 5 samples (8.6%) and 2 (3.4%) samples out of 58 mixed feed samples were low toxic and evidently toxic, respectively. It was shown that the proportion of contaminated feed was the highest in spring (25.0%) as compared to proportion of the contaminated feed in winter (18.2%), in autumn (13.7%) and in summer (4.5%).

To date, there is a whole system of legal documents, regulating food security issues in the Russian Federation. Monitoring of food quality and safety is performed on the federal level, on the level of the Russian Federation Subjects and on the municipal level based on the developed and adopted regulatory and methodical documents. The paper presents the analysis of ASSOL information system data related to microbial contamination of animal raw materials and products, collected within the following official activities: “Laboratory Testing within Official Monitoring of Food Safety and Quality” and “Laboratory Testing of Animal Raw Materials and Products, Feed and Biological Materials for the Purposes of Food Safety and Quality Assurance”. Microbiological test data were obtained from 37 Russian laboratories, subordinate to the Rosselkhoznadzor, within 2015–2018. The analysis performed showed that the maximum number of tests was performed for the following pathogenic microorganisms: Salmonella bacteria (29.5% within official monitoring and 26.8% within official programme). The highest number of non-compliances within monitoring was revealed when testing for total viable count (total mesophilic anaerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms) – 14.8% and Coliforms – 8.98%; within the official programme most violations were related to yeast (18.8%), yeasts and molds (18.5%) and TVC (12.4%). The parameters, showing less than 1% of positives within official programme testing, were identified. They include Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Proteus bacteria and sulphite-reducing clostridia. The necessity in further tests for safety and quality of animal raw materials and products in the Russian Federation was justified.

Salmonella continues to be the primary cause of foodborne intestinal infections in many countries around the world. According to the offi cial data, 47% of the infection outbreaks in the world are associated with salmonellosis, while chicken meat (34%) plays a signifi cant role in the infection transmission to humans through food. Since the early 90’s of the last century, with the massive use of antibiotics, Salmonella strains resistant to a number of antimicrobials began to appear and currently pose a serious public health problem. Resistant strains persistent in animals can be transmitted to humans through the food chain. The paper presents results of studies of morphological, biochemical, serological properties of Salmonella bacteria recovered from animal raw material: beef, pork, poultry meat, tallow, off al derived from broiler chickens and pig slaughter products. In 2018 the FGBI “ARRIAH” Microbiological Laboratory performed 1,204 tests of animal raw material for Salmonella bacteria and recovered 45 Salmonella isolates. Salmonella bacteria were isolated in accordance with GOST 31659-2012 (ISO 6579:2002). Most Salmonella isolates (56%) were recovered from poultry meat. Biological properties of all the studied isolates were quite typical: they formed hydrogen sulfi de, fermented glucose and mannitol with the formation of gas and acid, did not utilize sucrose, lactose and urea; reaction to indole was negative. It was established that the recovered Salmonella isolates belong to serogroups O7, O9, O5, O4. The frequency of recovering Salmonella group B was 8.9%, group C – 51.1%, group D – 40.0%. Among Salmonella group B, S. derby (4.4%) and S. typhimurium (2.2%) were more common; group C – S. infantis (29.0%), S. virchow (17.8%); group D – S. enteritidis (40.0%). Isolated cases of S. reading (2.2%) and S. oranienburg (4.4%) were observed. All Salmonella isolates recovered from raw material of animal origin demonstrated sensitivity to ciprofl oxacin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, amikacin, azithromycin, meropenem, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, kanamycin; were less sensitive to cefotaxime, ampicillin, levofl oxacin and had low sensitivity to nalidixic acid, doxycycline, streptomycin, tetracycline. The phenomenon of multiresistance is characteristic of 44.4% of the isolated Salmonella isolates.

Upward trend in the number of human yersiniosis cases, caused by bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica, is globally observed nowadays. This microorganism is widely spread in the environment, able to persist for prolonged periods in animal products and propagate under low temperatures. Basic infection sources are meat and meat products. In order to isolate Yersinia enterocolitica from food and feed samples horizontal method for the detection pursuant to GOST ISO 10273-2013 was used. It was noted, that Yersinia enterocolitica isolation is associated with certain difficulties, because the sample contains only small quantities of the agent and only the use of special techniques allows removing the concurrent microflora. It was proposed to use cold enrich­ment (4 ± 1) °C of the test material before conventional technique is started. The technique was validated pursuant to GOST ISO 16140-2011. As a result, it was established that validated method for Yersinia enterocolitica bacteria detection in food products, performed at the Microbiology Laboratory, is specific. The method sensitivity is 10 CFU/cm3. Intralaboratory reproducibility and repeatability were confirmed by relevant tests. Additional culture step at (4 ± 1) °C allows complete inhibition of non-psychrophilic microorganisms’ growth.

The paper presents the results of monitoring tests performed in the FGBI “ARRIAH” Branch in 2018 to detect AIV circulation in the Republic of Crimea. As AIVs are most frequently detected in aquatic and semiaquatic birds wild waterfowl present the greatest threat of the disease introduction and spread. That’s why the paper gives special attention to the Azov Sea and Sivash water area and describes natural biotopes of the Central and Eastern Sivash. During expeditions biological material samples were collected, bird species were identified and bird fauna was estimated in waterfowl aggregation sites. Laboratory PCR tests of the biological material collected during the expedition as well from killed birds and poultry revealed no AIV type A. As the number of wildfowl in the their usual aggregation sites decreased due to the fact that fresh water supply through the North-Crimean Canal ceased it can be assumed that the Crimean peninsula will manage to maintain HPAI freedom despite the fact that the disease is being reported close to the peninsula. Nevertheless, the threat of the virus introduction to the commercial and backyard farm stocks still exists as the peninsula is located in the bird migration routes and AI epidemical monitoring is a topical task.

The information on the establishment of the FGBI «ARRIAH» Branch in the Republic of Crimea and stages of its development is given in the paper. Some aspects of its activities are under review and obtained results are analyzed.

Objective: the scientific basis of priority directions of the health care development for cardiac patients in city according to public health system. Improving medical and demographic situation, increasing the availability and quality of care to all segments of the population is the priority task of modern health care system in Ukraine. Various aspects of population health due to diseases of the cardiovascular system and the issues of improving public health system and the system of cardiac care for the population, is the subject of many years researches. Cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of premature death, disability, temporary disability. According to the experience of developed countries in recent decades, the prevalence of this pathology and the severity of the harm to public health can reduce significantly in case of effective organization of medical-diagnostic process and prevention system. Specialized in patient care for patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, is very expensive. At the same time, the number of patients with such pathology is high enough in ambulatory practice. Among them, special attention should be paid to those patients, who require daily monitoring, but do not require the round-the-clock stationary mode. The organization of inpatient forms of medical care for this category of patients is a very urgent task. Equally important are the training of personnel for the cardiology service, the sustainability of human resources, economic motivation, which ensures high quality, the effectiveness of complex labor processes.

To compare dry eye symptoms after LASIK with mechanical keratome-created flaps and femtosecond laser keratome-created flaps as well as to analyze the efficacy of Systane® Ultra Monodose used to prevent and to treat transient dry eye after excimer laser surgery. Methods: 98 patients (194 eyes) with myopia and compound myopic astigmatism who underwent excimer laser surgery were included in the study. In group 1 patients with pre-op dry eye, femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK was performed, Systane® Ultra Monodose was prescribed postoperatively. In group 2 patients with pre-op dry eye, LASIK was performed using mechanical microkeratome, Systane® Ultra Monodose was prescribed postoperatively. In group 3 patients without pre-op dry eye, LASIK was performed using mechanical microkeratome, standard anti-inflammatory therapy without any lubricant eye drops was prescribed. Patients were followed up for 60 days. Results: It was demonstrated that excimer laser surgery provokes transient dry eye in all patients, therefore, artificial tears are required for 2 months and more after the surgery. Post-operative lubricant eye drops use improves tear film stability, tear production, tear osmolarity, and objective signs of dry eye. Femtosecond laser decreases clinical and functional symptoms of transient dry eye as compared with mechanical microkeratome and provides more rapid visual recovery. Conclusion: Systane® Ultra Monodose has both high efficiency and good tolerability. It can be recommended for the prevention and treatment of dry eye following excimer laser surgery.

Abstract  We review the status of the Baikal Neutrino Telescope, which has recently been upgraded to the 5 Mton detector NT200+. We present results on searches for upward going atmospheric neutrinos and relativistic magnetic monopoles, obtained from 1998–2002 with the predecessor detector NT200. A search for very high energy neutrinos yields an upper limit on the extraterrestrial di-use neutrino ux for 20 TeV < E < 50 PeV. We describe the strategy of upgrading NT200 to NT200+ and creating a detector on the Gigaton (km3) scale at lake Baikal. R&D activities on that next stage detector have been started. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present results of an experiment performed in Lake Baikal at a depth of approximately 1 km. The photomultipliers of an underwater neutrino telescope under construction at this site were illuminated by a distant laser. The experiment not only provided a useful cross-check of the time calibration of the detector but also allowed us to determine inherent optical parameters of the water in a way that was complementary to standard methods. In 1997 we measured an absorption length of 22 m and an asymptotic attenuation length of 18 m. The effective scattering length was measured as 480 m. By use of (cos theta) = 0.95 (0.90) for the average scattering angle, this length corresponds to a geometric scattering length of 24 (48) m.