8 results on '"Išnaudojimas"'
Search Results
2. Surrogacy - a modern form of exploitation of women
- Author
-
Andrius Narbekovas
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Moterys / Women ,General Arts and Humanities ,Reproduction ,Motherhood ,Exploitation ,Išnaudojimas ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Anthropology ,Orumas ,Turizmas / Tourism ,Surogatinė motina ,Motinystė ,Dignity ,Surrogacy ,Antropologija ,Reprodukcija - Abstract
Kas yra moteris, kuri pastoja, išnešioja vaiką ir jį pagimdo? Surogacijos atveju į šį klausimą nėra lengva atsakyti. Manipuliuoti sąvokomis pradedama siekiant įtvirtinti naują socialinę netvarką. Tam tikra natūrali biologinių įvykių eiga jau nenulemia moters motinystės – ją lemia sutartis. Moterys, kurios ryžtasi tapti „surogatinėmis motinomis“, sumoka didelę kainą. Už kilnių tikslų slypi milžiniškas verslas, sukuriantis tik laisvės ir kilnumo iliuziją. Surogatinės motinos „nuomoja“ savo kūną ir gauna kompensaciją už pagimdytą vaiką. Šitaip išnaudojamos skurdžiausios, pažeidžiamos moterys iš neturtingų kraštų, skatinamas reprodukcinis turizmas. Surogatinė motinystė siejama su prostitucija ir prekyba žmonėmis, susijusi su rizika sveikatai ir gyvybei. Surogatinė motinystė pažeidžia žmogaus teises ir prigimtinį moterų orumą. Dėl to surogatinė motinystė turi būti draudžiama visame pasaulyje. Norėdami išsaugoti žmogaus orumą, pirmiausia turime atsisakyti klaidingos žmogaus sampratos, žmogaus kūno nelaikyti daiktu. Raktažodžiai: surogatinė motina, antropologija, orumas, reprodukcinis turizmas, moterų išnaudojimas. Who is the woman who conceives, carries the child and gives birth to it? In the case of surrogacy, this question is not easy to answer. The manipulation of concepts is used to establish a new social disorder. The natural course of biological events no longer determines a woman’s motherhood, but is determined by contract. Women who decide to become „surrogate mothers“ pay a heavy price. Behind the noble aims lies a huge business that only creates the illusion of freedom and nobility. Surrogate mothers „rent“ their bodies and receive compensation for the child they give birth to. This exploits the poorest, most vulnerable women from poor countries and promotes reproductive tourism. Surrogacy is linked to prostitution and trafficking, with risks to health and life. Surrogacy violates human rights and the inherent dignity of women. Therefore, surrogacy must be banned worldwide. In order to preserve human dignity, we must first of all abandon the misconception of the human being, and not regard the human body as an object. Keywords: surrogacy, anthropology, dignity, reproductive tourism, exploitation of women.
- Published
- 2022
3. EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS TEISINIO PREKYBOS ŽMONĖMIS REGLAMENTAVIMO POKYČIAI PRIĖMUS DIREKTYVĄ 2011/36/ES.
- Author
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Urbelionytė, Agnė
- Subjects
HUMAN trafficking ,CRIMINAL law ,LEGISLATIVE bills ,CRIMINAL liability - Abstract
Copyright of Socialinių Mokslų Studijos is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
4. Joseph Conrad's Treatment of the 'Other' in "Heart of Darkness.".
- Author
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RAY, Mohit K.
- Subjects
TRAVEL in literature ,AFRICANS in literature - Abstract
Copyright of Man & the Word / Zmogus ir zodis is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
5. PREKYBOS ŽMONĖMIS NUSIKALTIMO NORMOS NAUJOSIOS REDAKCIJOS (2005 M. BIRŽELIO 23 D.) AIŠKINIMO IR TAIKYMO PROBLEMOS.
- Author
-
Fedosiuk, Oleg
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN trafficking , *SEX work , *INTERPRETATION & construction of criminal law , *CRIMINAL codes , *EXPLOITATION of humans , *ORGANIZED crime , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation - Abstract
The article deals with the crime of trafficking in humans concerning the new edition of its legal construction (23, June 2005) in the Criminal Code of Republic of Lithuania. The definition of trafficking in humans was formulated in the November15, 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, which supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, then was adopted by the July 19, 2002 EU Council Framework Decision on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, and in June 23, 2005 put into national criminal legislation of Lithuania. The legal construction of the new edition of the norm is quite complicated and this creates some problems of its conceptual explanations and application into practice. The author provides with brief legal characteristic of the norms on trafficking in humans, then turns his attention to the problematic points of this crime, analyses the recent important verdicts of courts in the trafficking cases. The special attention is paid to the cassation decision of the Supreme Court (March 28, 2006), which has given some explanations on the new norm of trafficking and formulated important rules of incriminating the trafficking in humans in cases where the victim gives his consent to be involved into prostitution and trafficked abroad. The article also gives some scientific recommendations on motivation of the opposition of this crime to the protected value of personal freedom, where the victim gives his consent to the intended exploitation, as well as explains how to identify the facts of the abuse of the position of victim's vulnerability and dependency, using of deceit, intent and aim of exploitation of the victim, how to delimit this crime from related crimes of making profit of prostitution of another person and involving into prostitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
6. (Contemporary art) institution as ideological media
- Author
-
Šapoka, Kęstutis
- Subjects
Specialized language ,(Contemporary art) institution ,Ideological state apparatuses ,Self-legitimation ,Mediacija / Mediation ,Capitalism ideology ,Savilegitimacija ,Specializuota kalba ,Exploitation ,Biurokratija ,Išnaudojimas ,Menas / Art ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,(Šiuolaikinio meno) institucija ,Sociokultūriniai mitai ,(Šiuolaikinio) meno sistema ,Kapitalizmo ideologija ,Meno institucija ,Bureaucracy - Abstract
Straipsnyje kalbama apie (šiuolaikinio) meno sistemą ir institucijas kaip ideologines medijas. Remiamasi filosofo Louis Althusserio suformuluota represinių valstybės aparatų ir ideologinių valstybės aparatų koncepcija, pasak kurios, karinių, religinių, edukacijos, taip pat ir kultūros institucijų esmė - ideologinės propagandos skleidimas, užtikrinant ideologinę subjektyvaciją. Tai reiškia, kad dominuojančiųjų socialinių klasių ideologiją kiekvienas atskiras subjektas priima kaip savo paties mąstymo modelį. Ideologine interpeliacija remiasi tiek totalitarinės valstybės, tiek ir propaguojančios liberalųjį kapitalizmą. Būtent apie šią globalią ideologinę santvarką, tačiau žvelgiant pro specifinę (šiuolaikinio) meno sistemos prizmę, ir kalbama straipsnyje. (Šiuolaikinio) meno institucijos straipsnyje aptariamos kaip represinio neoliberalizmo ideologijos ruporai, savotiškos medijos, viena vertus, skleidžiančios neoliberalistinę vartojimo propagandą. Kita vertus, tokių institucijų tikslas, be ideologinės propagandos skleidimo, yra savilegitimacija ir funkcionavimo savitikslės mechanikos užtikrinimas. Abiem tikslams pasiekti tinka "meno" ir "estetikos", kaip savarankiškos, nepriklausomos nuo ideologijos terpės, mitologija. The article analyses (contemporary) art system and institutions as ideological media. The author uses the concepts of repressive state apparatus and ideological state apparatuses formulated by philosopher Louis Althusser, according to which the essence of military, religious, educational, as well as cultural institutions is the spread of ideological propaganda, ensuring ideological subjectivation. This means that each individual adopts the ideology of dominant social class as its own model of thinking. Both totalitarian states and those that promote liberal capitalism use ideological interpellation. It is precisely on this global ideological order that focuses the article, looking though the specific prism at the (contemporary) art system. (Contemporary) art institutions are interpreted as a ruphor of repressive neoliberal ideology and a kind of media, on the one hand, spreading neoliberal consumerist propaganda. On the other hand, the purpose of such institutions, in addition to the dissemination of ideological propaganda, is self-legtimation and the assurance of functioning of self-serving mechanics. "Art" and "aesthetics", as autonomous and ideologically independent fields, are suitable for both purposes.
- Published
- 2018
7. Prekyba žmonėmis: baudžiamieji teisiniai ir kriminologiniai aspektai
- Author
-
Kulbytė, Justina, Drakšienė, Anna, and Vilnius University
- Subjects
Prekyba vaikais ,Prekyba žmonrėmis ,Išnaudojimas - Abstract
Šis darbas skirtas analizuoti prekybos žmonėmis fenomenui, išskiriančiam savo ypatingu priešingumu pamatinėms žmogaus teisėms bei laisvėms, o taip pat veikiančiam kaip kitų socialinių problemų indikatoriui. Teisinių svarstymų bei kriminologinio diskurso šviesoje yra vertinami įvairūs prekybos žmonėmis problemos aspektai. Atsižvelgiant į tai, jog darbo objektu pasirinktas prekybos žmonėmis fenomenas yra sudėtingas ir įvairialypis, tema analizuojama, didesnį dėmesį koncentruojant ties prekybos vaikais aspektu. Autorė darbe pristato svarbias šio darbo kryptingumui prekybos žmonėmis, prekybos vaikais ir vaiko definicijas. Apžvelgiami prekybos žmonėmis nusikaltimo reglamentavimo tarptautiniuose dokumentuose ir Lietuvos baudžiamuosiuose įstatymuose ypatumai, atkreipiamas dėmesys į nacionalinių baudžiamųjų įstatymų suderinimo su tarptautinių dokumentų nuostatomis aspektą. Darbe pateikiama prekybos žmonėmis ir vaiko pirkimo arba pardavimo sudėčių, aprašytų LR Baudžiamajame kodekse, požymių analizė, jų teisinės prigimties ir evoliucijos vertinimas. Visa tai leidžia lyginti ir atriboti prekybą žmonėmis nuo panašių nusikalstamų veikų bei tokių reiškinių kaip prostitucija ir nelegali migracija. Jame taip pat apibūdinamas prekybos žmonėmis nusikalstamos veikos subjektas, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant juridinio asmens, kaip specifinio nusikaltimo subjekto, atsakomybės už prekybą žmonėmis svarbiausiems aspektams bei problematikai. Be to vertinamas nusikaltimo padarymas, dalyvaujant organizuotoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] The article is devoted to the phenomenon of trafficking in humans, which is special for it‘s enormous and dangerous contradiction to the human rights and freedom, as well as it‘s role of an indicator of the other social problems in a society. In a light of the legal dissucion and criminological discourse the various aspects of the trafficking in humans are being analysed and evaluated. Considering the fact that the subject of this article – human trafficking – is complicated and multiple phenomenon, the whole analysis of the problem is concentrated more to the aspect of the trafficking in children. This article introduces the definitions of trafficking in humans, trafficking in children and child that are essential for the further analysis of the subject. The article also covers the pecularities of regulation of the criminal act in the international documents and penal laws in Lithuania. Furthermore, the attention is being paid to the problems of the compatibility between the national penal laws and provisions of the international documents. The article deals with the analysis of the norm on trafficking in humans/children, consolidated in the Criminal code of Republic of Lithuania, it‘s legal nature and evolution. The analysis of the qualitative features leads to the comparison and separation of the mentioned criminal acts and other crimes, as well as the related phenomena of prostitution and illegal migration. The article reveals the description of the criminal of the... [to full text]
- Published
- 2009
8. Problems of explanation and application of the new edition (June 23, 2005) of the norm on crime of trafficking in human beings
- Author
-
Fedosiuk, Oleg
- Subjects
Opposition to the personal freedom ,Lietuva (Lithuania) ,Priešingumas žmogaus laisvei ,Exploitation ,Prekyba žmonėmis ,Trafficking in persons ,Išnaudojimas - Abstract
Prekyba žmonėmis – tai nusikaltimas, kurio teisinė konstrukcija buvo suformuluota tarptautinėje teisėje, vėliau adaptuota Europos Sąjungos teisėje, o 2005 m. birželio 23 d. įstatymu perkelta ir į Lietuvos nacionalinę baudžiamąją teisę. Dėl neįprastai sudėtingos struktūros prekybos žmonėmis normą suvokti ir taikyti gana keblu. Straipsnyje pateikiama bendroji naujosios redakcijos prekybos žmonėmis normos charakteristika, atkreipiamas dėmesys į probleminius šio nusikaltimo sudėties požymius, analizuojami kai kurie svarbūs teismų nuosprendžiai šios kategorijos bylose, formuluojamos mokslinės rekomendacijos, kaip turi būti motyvuojama esant šio nusikaltimo požymiams byloje. The article deals with the crime of trafficking in humans concerning the new edition of its legal construction (23, June 2005) in the Criminal Code of Republic of Lithuania. The Criminal Law Department, Mykolas Romeris University, Assoc. Prof. Dr. definition of trafficking in humans was formulated in the November15, 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, which supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, then was adopted by the July 19, 2002 EU Council Framework Decision on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, and in June 23, 2005 put into national criminal legislation of Lithuania. The legal construction of the new edition of the norm is quite complicated and this creates some problems of its conceptual explanations and application into practice. The author provides with brief legal characteristic of the norms on trafficking in humans, then turns his attention to the problematic points of this crime, analyses the recent important verdicts of courts in the trafficking cases. The special attention is paid to the cassation decision of the Supreme Court (March 28, 2006), which has given some explanations on the new norm of trafficking and formulated important rules of incriminating the trafficking in humans in cases where the victim gives his consent to be involved into prostitution and trafficked abroad. The article also gives some scientific recommendations on motivation of the opposition of this crime to the protected value of personal freedom, where the victim gives his consent to the intended exploitation, as well as explains how to identify the facts of the abuse of the position of victim’s vulnerability and dependency, using of deceit, intent and aim of exploitation of the victim, how to delimit this crime from related crimes of making profit of prostitution of another person and involving into prostitution.
- Published
- 2007
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