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The implementation of a hybrid fuel cell/battery system is proposed to improve the slow transient response of a fuel cell stack. This system can be used for an autonomous device with quick load variations. A suitable three-port, galvanic isolated, bidirectional power converter is proposed to control the power flow. An energy management method for the proposed three-port circuit is analyzed and implemented. Measurements from a 500-W laboratory prototype are presented to demonstrate the validity of the approach. Index Terms--Battery, fuel cells.

An integration technology for the single electron transistor (SET)/CMOS hybrid systems is developed. SET and CMOS transistors can be optimized without any possible degradation due to mixing dissimilar devices by adopting just one extra mask step for the separate gate oxidation (SGOX) and discrete devices show ideal characteristics required for the SET/CMOS hybrid systems.

A 64-kbit sub-nanosecond Josephson-CMOS hybrid RAM memory is developed with a hybrid high-speed interface circuits. The whole memory system including memory cells, decoders, interface circuit, and super-conducting bit-line detectors is designed and simulated.

In this brief, we consider a class of uncertain linear discrete-time switched systems with state delays. By solving certain matrix and Riccati-like inequalities, sufficient conditions for the robust stability and stabilizability of the system are given. Index Terms--Matrix inequalities, robust stability, stabilizability, state delay, switched system, uncertainty.

A new magic-tee circuit is proposed and developed, which is based on the hybrid integration technology of a planar and nonradiative dielectric (NRD) guide. The magic-tee junction combines an NRD-guide T-junction with a microstrip T-junction. Furthermore, LS[M.sub.10]-mode radiators are introduced in the magic-tee circuit to reduce its resonance problem. Measured results show that an isolation of 20 dB can easily be achieved between the sum and difference ports. Index Terms--Hybrid planar/nonradiative dielectric (NRD) guide technology, magic-tee junction, millimeter-wave technology, mode suppressor, nonradiative dielectric (NRD) waveguide.

A four-stage unidirectional ring flee-space optical interconnect system was designed, analyzed, implemented, and characterized. The optical system was used within a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-self-electro-optic-effect-device-based optical backplane demonstrator that was designed to fit into a standard VME chassis. This optical interconnect was a hybrid microlens-macrolens system, in which the microlens relays were arranged in a maximum lens-to-waist configuration to route the optical beams from the optical power supply to the transceiver arrays, while the macrolens optical relays were arranged in a telecentric configuration to route optical signal beams from stage to stage. The following aspects of the optical system design are discussed: the optical parameters for the hybrid optical system, the image mapping of the two-dimensional array of optical beams from stage to stage, the alignment tolerance of the hybrid relay system, and the power budget of the overall optical interconnect. The implementation of the optical system, including the characterization of optical components, subsystem prealignment, and final system assembly, is presented. The two-dimensional array of beams for the stage-to-stage interconnect was adjusted with a rotational error of OCIS codes: 200.2610, 200.4650.

The structure of a newly developed hybrid integrated planar lightwave circuit (PLC) module using alignment free techniques is presented. The objective of the hybrid integration of alignment-free assembly and optical components is to minimize module cost since the costs of assembling alone takes approximately 70% of the optical module expense. The hybrid structure allows for high productivity and compact size of 36 mm x 12.5 mm x 3 mm.

A method is developed to allow determination of cheap and effective modular products for electronic equipment, such as multichip modules. Products, assemblies and components that perform different functions by connecting distinct building blocks are collectively known as modular products. A graphical representation of product modularity interprets different types of modularity. A heuristic method determines the module components of a product set and a rule-based fuzzy representation allows module development.

Byline: Ricky Soong, Carlo Montemagno Hybrid nano-devices that encompass organic and inorganic components offer truly unique and flexible functionalities. With integrated biomolecules and active proteins, it is plausible to envision seamless interfacing with nastive biological environments. The ability to incorporate inorganic features not only enables the synthesis of complex systems, it provides a myriad of options in custom tailoring devices to pertinent biomedical applications as well. This is especially true with the advent of more advanced nano-fabrication technologies in recent years. F1-ATPase is a motor protein whose rotary motion has been well characterised [1,2]. The biomolecular motor hydrolyses ATP to generate forces compatible with currently fabricated nano-mechanical structures. We have fabricated and operated a hybrid organic-inorganic nano-device powered by the F1-ATPase biomolecular motor [35]. The scope of the hybrid device developments was manifold including the local movement of surrounding suspended particles by functional organic-inorganic devices and in other efforts, the capability of implementing control mechanisms [6]. In addition, a renewable biological fuel (ATP) source has recently been developed through solgel encapsulation of proteoliposomes in an effort towards creating a self-sustaining device. The following paper is a review of the knowledge that has transpired upon developing hybrid organic-inorganic nano-devices to hopefully elicit future advancements of bio-nano-systems.

Integrated inductor--capacitor-transformer L-C-T technology has been the subject of research over the last few years. Research into producing optimum design equations has been conducted. To determine some of the physical and technological limitations of the integrated L-C-T technology, a 1-kW 1-MHz resonant dc-dc converter was designed and built. The design was limited only by in-house material, construction, and technological restrictions. Through this process, it is hoped that some of the current technological limitations can be quantified. The design and construction process is given, while some of the limits of this technology are derived from experimental results. Index Terms--Hybrid converters, integrated capacitance-inductance, passive integration, resonant converters.