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In their quest for better economic and environmental parameters, manufacturers of mobile work machines are pioneering new machine propulsion principles, including hybrid drives. The potential of these hybrid drives to significantly reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions and to meet the stringent environmental requirements of EU legislative activities is a promising development. Current experience confirms that the above-mentioned approach in the drive concept is also relevant in this machine group. The paper delved into the possibilities of implementing hybrid drives in the construction of mobile work machines, the specification of their selection criteria, the appropriate drive architecture, and the creation of a comprehensive methodology for the design of the type of hybrid drive for a specific group and type of mobile work machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current bionic robotic fish with a single propulsion method exhibits deficiencies in motion stability and maneuverability. This paper proposes a bionic robotic fish with hybrid drive capability. Its hybrid propulsion system comprises two pectoral fin propellers and a caudal fin propulsion structure driven by a servo. The pectoral fin propellers enable the robotic fish to alter the direction of its propulsive force through the pectoral fin servo, thereby conferring upon it the capacity for three-dimensional spatial motion. The robotic fish is equipped with a CPG controller that accepts high-level control commands for the purpose of realizing its motion control. Finally, the experiments conducted in a swimming pool demonstrated that the robotic fish is not only capable of exhibiting excellent two-dimensional planar motion, but also of performing three-dimensional spatial motion, such as a rapid descent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ballistics / Dandao Xuebao is the property of Journal of Ballistics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new non-contact ultrasonic motor consisting of a Langevin transducer, an electromagnetic device, and a spherical rotor is presented, and the designed motor is theoretically analysis and experimentally verified. The designed motor is driven by a mixture of near-field acoustic levitation and electromagnetism, and the electromagnetic platform is controlled by three stacked piezoelectric actuators to control the deflection direction, thus driving the spherical rotor to achieve the same angle of deflection and self-propagation. By exciting the Langevin transducer under the rotor, the high-frequency vibration of the stator disc causes the air between the stator disc and the rotor to be squeezed periodically, and when the air pressure in the gap is larger than the external atmospheric pressure, the levitation force generated by the stator is larger than the gravity of the rotor, thus levitating the rotor, and when the rotor deflects, it can still achieve stable levitation because of its special geometry. The proposed new motor is expected to be used in applications requiring high output torque and microdisplacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific article presents an innovative concept of a hybrid power unit designed for ultralight aircraft, with the aim of improving energy efficiency and operational flexibility. As part of the development of the system, the construction of the combustion unit and the electric motor / generator, which are the key elements of this solution, was described. The advanced internal combustion engine controller and the bi-directional energy conversion converter have been developed and built to enable optimal cooperation of both energy sources. In order to carry out experimental research on the developed system, a special test stand was built on which a prototype drive unit was mounted. The results of the research include preliminary performance characteristics of the prototype drive unit and an analysis of the achievements that indicate the potential benefits of using such a hybrid drive unit. The article also summarizes the conclusions and recommendations for further work on improving this innovative solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the undoubted advantages of electric drives, the mass and volume energy density of chemical batteries makes it difficult to rely solely on cheap and green electricity in many applications such as airplanes, longdistance trains, ocean-going vessels and heavy equipment. The answer combining the advantages of EV and ICE are hybrid drives. Hybrid electric drives have also found their use in military applications thanks to, among others, the quiet operation of the system in EV mode, which may be a key advantage in some combat applications, e.g. urban areas. The range of a small hybrid vehicle extended by the use of ICE increases its operational capabilities. Hybrid systems can also use alternative hydrocarbon fuels. The aim of the work was to determine the impact of alternative fuels, potentially the most available on the modern battlefield, on the performance of the hybrid drive system of a wheeled military platform intended for operation in urban areas. The experiment showed that alternative fuels such as F-34 and Jet A-1 are compatible, but may result in increased fuel consumption, reduced energy efficiency and negative environmental impact due to higher exhaust emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rotary motion field of heavy equipment is a large energy-consuming field, characterized by frequent cyclical start-stop, significant load inertia, and braking energy is usually dissipated as thermal energy, for energy regeneration, no good solution has been found. This paper proposes a new energy-regenerative hybrid drive (ERHD) system and defines three operating modes. Taking the reversible rolling mill’s roll as load, and taking the energy consumption of electric motor (EM) and peak power as evaluation indexes, the influence law of key component parameters on the driving characteristics of the system is studied. Simulation models for the pure electric motor drive (PEMD) system and ERHD system were established by AMESim, along with a rule-based energy management strategy (EMS). The results show that the hydraulic pump/motor displacement has the greatest influence on braking time, peak power, and energy consumption. Under the optimal parameters, the proposed ERHD system can reduce the peak power of EM by 45.75% and energy consumption by 48.33% compared with the PEMD system. Starting and braking times were reduced by 44.54% and 1.21%, respectively. Based on the test results, the ERHD system reduces start-up time by 22.70% and peak power by 23.72%. The proposed system will significantly contribute to developing the rotary motion field of heavy equipment in terms of energy efficiency, low carbon and green.

Aiming at the defects of the traditional feeding mechanism, such as complex structure, low adjustment accuracy and poor flexibility, a flexible hybrid drive feeding mechanism is proposed. In this study, the closed vector method is used to analyze the kinematics of the hybrid drive feeding mechanism, and the functional relationship between the tooth trajectory and the rotation angles of the drive motors is derived. The rotation angles of the drive motor are planned by functions, and the influence of each coefficient in the rotation angle functions on the tooth trajectory is analyzed in detail. The optimization strategies of flexible adjustment of tooth trajectory are also proposed for several practical sewing scenarios. What's more, the load on the tooth is analyzed during the feeding process, as well as the dynamic characteristics of the drive motors under the extreme working conditions by establishing the dynamic simulation model of the hybrid drive feeding mechanism. By using high-speed video equipment and graphic recognition analysis software, the tooth trajectory of the hybrid drive feeding mechanism is tracked and calibrated, and the test results are consistent with the theoretical calculation results. The hybrid drive feeding mechanism has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation and flexible adjustment, which deeply meets the current production needs of less people, automation and intelligence.

The background observation of the polar region is used to develop the requirements with regard to low carbon and no pollution for scientific research. Polar robots have certain advantages over human beings, but their long‐term residence still faces the problems of energy supply and autonomous control. To solve this problem, a hybrid wind‐ and electricity‐driven polar roaming robot is presented and includes the consideration of low carbon and energy savings. It innovatively uses wind energy as the main driving force and is assisted by electric energy, which is used when wind energy is not sufficiently available. In the ideal scenario, compared with traditional pure electric‐driven robots, it can save up to approximately 3/4 of energy. In this paper, the design principle is described, then the sail structure and some innovative mechanisms of the robot are designed, and the theoretical analysis and simulation of the mechanisms are carried out. The innovative mechanism enables good motion control under wind and electric drives, as well as the switching of the drive modes. Of particular importance, the aerodynamic performance of the sail structure is analyzed, and the optimal control scheme for sailing the robot is proposed. Then, a prototype of the polar robot is developed, the structure rationality and principle feasibility of which are verified in experiments, and the energy‐saving effect is confirmed by calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunable liquid lenses with controllable focal length attract much attention from many researchers due to the unique advantages of strong adjustability, low power consumption, fast response time, and easy integration. In the last two decades, tunable liquid lenses have already been applied in machine vision, code scanner cameras, cellphone cameras, webcams, microscopes, mini projectors, AR/VR displays, 3D displays, and so on. There is no doubt that the tunable liquid lenses play an increasingly more important role in the field of optical technology. In this review, the research background and significance of the tunable liquid lenses are introduced. Tunable liquid lenses are systematically qualified according to the driving mechanism, and their current status and latest progress are presented in detail. The existing problems, directions for future research, and current and potential applications of the tunable liquid lenses are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safe mining of coal has an important impact on energy security, while effective control of methane hazard is the key to ensuring safe coal mining. Methane concentration is the main factor determining the hazard of methane in coal mines, and in order to limit the impact of methane on coal mine safety, this study proposes a methane concentration interval prediction method based on a hybrid "model-data" driven idea. Firstly, by analyzing the data and constructing a methane concentration prediction method based on model-driven, which reduces the influence of multicollinearity in the methane concentration series on the prediction effect, and then, in combination with the deep learning technique, a method based on the Wasserstein distance to improve the Informer model is proposed, and finally a hybrid-driven methane concentration interval prediction model is established by introducing the IOWGA operator and the statistical method. After an example analysis of a coal mine in Guizhou Province, China, the hybrid-driven model proposed in this study has better applicability and prediction accuracy in the methane concentration prediction task, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of coal mine accidents and is more in line with the needs of coal mine safety production. • A hybrid "model-data" driven approach for methane concentration prediction is proposed. • An Informer model based on Wasserstein distance improvement is proposed for the first time. • The validity of the methodology of this paper was verified by using interval prediction on the actual monitoring dataset of the mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with the design and operational evaluation of a timber tractor-trailer unit with a hybrid trailer drive. The source of electrical energy for the two induction motors driving the front wheels of the tandem trailer axle is a battery, which is recharged by an induction machine operating as a generator during periods of a lower demand for power from the tractor diesel engine. An electric drive was designed for the defined working cycle of the tractor-trailer unit, and its loading characteristics were tested in the laboratory. The parameters measured on the field tests during timber forwarding were battery voltage and power, and the energy balance. Three adjustment levels of the potentiometer controlling the trailer hybrid drive (50, 75 and 100%) were tested at three different forwarding distances of 100, 500 and 1000 m. Additionally, any slippage of the prime mover wheels and trailer was measured. The maximum peak power taken from the battery was ca. 33 kW during the field tests, whilst the drive was able to deliver a peak output of up to 72 kW for 10 s and permanently up to ca. 50 kW. Even in harsh terrain conditions, the electric drive assisted the combustion engine only when the loaded tractor-trailer unit was travelling uphill. The hybrid drive operation was sustainable for the whole working shift, without the need for recharging when the potentiometer was set to 50%. This appropriate setting of the potentiometer controlling the trailer's hybrid drive reduced the slipping of the driven wheels of the tractor-trailer unit whilst travelling uphill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an innovative solution of a two-unit rail vehicle system for passanger transport with a dual-drive, diesel engine and electric motor. The vehicle was designed as a combination of two units, one dedicated to each of the two drive systems, where one unit provides electric drive while the other a combustion engine. The selection of engine and drive components was presented along with the aftertreatment systems used in the design. The provided solution was created in response to the dynamic needs of rail vehicle operators in the European Union who aim to reduce exhaust emissions without compomising the reach of the existing rail networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hybrid technology has been successfully incorporated into the industry of passenger and commercial vehicles. Driven by the success and benefits that hybrid technology brings, many defense organizations around the world invest in the development of hybrid technology for combat vehicles and develop prototypes of tracked combat vehicles which have lower fuel consumption, better performance, better exhaust emission, and additional onboard electric power. However, various technical challenges must be resolved before it comes to the introduction of hybrid tracked combat vehicles in operational use. Several successful tests of prototypes have been conducted so far, but there are still restrictions on key technologies such as electric motors, electronics, and storage of electricity. In such conditions, where finance is limited, mistakes cannot be allowed nor spending a lot of resources on planning, building prototypes, and testing. Method: Therefore, it is clever to run the simulation software with which it is possible to examine various parameters in simulated conditions which more or less mimic real operating conditions. This paper aims to show one of possible solutions concerning the selection of appropriate technologies of hybrid drive, to propose a system solution for a hybrid BVP M80A, and to display a simulation hybrid drive model and the results obtained from the model devised in Simulink. Results: The results obtained by the simulation show that the proposed hybrid drive solution provides better performance while retaining key drivetrain elements of the vehicle. Conclusion: Only turning parameters are considered during the simulation but it is clear that the hybrid drivertrain has advantages related to straight-line motion as well. Also, sound projections about the drivetrain performance and control can be made with the use of the proposed model.

Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles have attracted a large amount of attention in recent years owing to their advantages of zero emissions, high efficiency and low noise. To improve the fuel economy and system durability of vehicles, this paper proposes an energy management strategy optimization method for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles based on dynamic programming. Rule-based and dynamic-programming-based strategies are developed based on building a fuel cell/battery hybrid system model. The rule-based strategy is improved with a power distribution scheme of dynamic programming strategy to improve the fuel economy of the vehicle. Furthermore, a limit on the rate of change of the output power of the fuel cell system is added to the rule-based strategy to avoid large load changes to improve the durability of the fuel cell. The simulation results show that the equivalent 100 km hydrogen consumption of the strategy based on the dynamic programming optimization rules is reduced by 6.46% compared with that before the improvement, and by limiting the rate of change of the output power of the fuel cell system, the times of large load changes are reduced. Therefore, the strategy based on the dynamic programming optimization rules effectively improves the fuel economy and system durability of vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature rise has always been one of the main researchfocusesof the motor. When the temperature is too high, it will have a serious impact on the stability and reliability of motor performance. Due to the special structure of electromagnetic piezoelectric hybrid drive motor (EPHDM), the loss and temperature distribution of electromagnetic drive part and piezoelectric drive part werestudied. By analyzing the operation principle of the motor, the loss of each part wasresearched. On this basis, the loss of the electromagnetic driving part and piezoelectric driving part werecomputed by using the coupling iterative calculation method. The temperature contour map of the motor wasanalyzed by simulation, and the temperature characteristics of each part of the motor werestudied. Finally, the experimental verification of the prototype, the reliability of the theoretical model, and simulation results wereproved. The results showed that the temperature distribution of the motor is reasonable, the winding temperature is relatively high, and the core temperature and piezoelectric stator temperature are relatively low. The analytical and experimental methods are provided for the further study of heat source optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric-driven multi-degree-of-freedom motors can turn off self-lock, withstand high and low temperatures, are small in size and compact in structure, and can easily achieve miniaturization. However, they have a short life cycle and limited applications. In addition, high-intensity operation will result in a decrease in their stability. Electromagnetic-driven multi-degree-of-freedom motors, on the other hand, are simple and highly integrated, but they are large in volume and lack positioning accuracy. Therefore, combining the two drive modes can achieve complementary advantages, such as improving the motor's torque, accuracy, and output performance. Firstly, the structure of the hybrid drive motor is introduced and its working principle is analyzed. The motor can achieve single and hybrid drive control, which is beneficial to improving the performance of the motor. Secondly, the influence of magnetization mode, permanent magnet thickness, slot torque, and stator mode on the motor is analyzed. Thirdly, the structure of the motor is determined to be 6 poles and 15 slots, the thickness of the permanent magnet is 12 mm, and the radial magnetization mode is used. Finally, the mixed torque and speed of the motor in the multi-degree-of-freedom direction are tested by experiments, which indirectly verifies the rationality of the structure design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A piezoelectric actuator (PEA) has the characteristics of high control precision and no electromagnetic interference. To improve the degree of freedom (DOF) to adapt to more working scenes, a piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid-driven two-DOF actuator is proposed. The PEA adopts the composite structure of the lever amplification mechanism and triangular amplification mechanism. The structure effectively amplifies the output displacement of the piezoelectric stack and increases the clamping force between the driving foot and the mover. The electromagnetic actuator (EMA) adopts a multi-stage fractional slot concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous actuator, which can better match the characteristics of PEA. The structure and working principle of the actuator are introduced, the dynamic analysis is carried out, and the factors affecting the clamping force are obtained. At the same time, the air gap magnetic field is analyzed, and the structural size of the actuator is optimized. The experiment shows that the maximum driving speed can reach 348 mm/s, the load capacity is 3 kg, the optimal initial rotor angle is 49°, the maximum torque is 2.9 N·m and the maximum speed is 9 rad/s, which proves the stability and feasibility of the actuator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of data-driven modeling techniques has been extensively employed in the simulation analysis, power prediction, and condition monitoring of photovoltaic power generation systems. However, the absence of interpretability regarding the intrinsic mechanisms in the modeling process has resulted in numerous constraints in practical implementation and subsequent promotion. To this end, we propose a novel digital twin modeling approach that eliminates the need for injecting additional signals or sensors, estimating unknown parameters in the mechanism model solely by using operational data from physical systems. A time synchronization filter was added to address the frequency mismatch between the actual sampling frequency and the solution step size. The results of numerical research indicate that the proposed digital twin model has the ability to accurately simulate the dynamic characteristics of photovoltaic grid connected inverters. The digital twin model of photovoltaic inverters has achieved good results in the cross experiment of device degradation trend monitoring, indicating that the proposed method is expected to make significant contributions to the simulation, power prediction, and degradation monitoring of grid connected photovoltaic systems. • A novel digital twin modeling is proposed for photovoltaic inverters. • A new parameter estimation method is proposed. • The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified. • The data-driven modeling has its interpretability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research reported in the article was designing a hybrid drive system based on an outboard internal combustion engine offered by a selected producer and testing its operating characteristics. The article presents different designs of this type of drive which can be found in the literature and are available in the market. The designed hybrid outboard drive system was tested both on the laboratory test rig and in real operating conditions. The results of these tests are included.

The development of electromobility is focused on the design and implementation of increasingly more effective electric drives. In such a system, apart from energy recovery, it is not possible to recharge the batteries while driving. Electric vehicles equipped with fuel cells and a battery (FCHEV – fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle) in a parallel configuration boast increased energy transfer capabilities. The article presents an energy flow analysis in a parallel hybrid drive system with fuel cells and a battery. The research was carried out on a 30 W vehicle made in 1:10 scale with a NiMH battery and a fuel cell with a proton exchange membrane (PEM). Increasing driving dynamics causes a 29% increase in energy consumption, 43.6% reduction of energy transfer from a fuel cell and a 23% increase of in the energy share intended for battery charging. Continuous operation of the system in full power mode ensures a much greater efficiency of energy transmission to the drive train (95%) compared to the system operating in dynamic driving conditions – 64–75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric-driven multi-degree-of-freedom motors can turn off self-lock, withstand high and low temperatures, are small in size and compact in structure, and can easily achieve miniaturization. However, they have a short life cycle and limited applications. In addition, high-intensity operation will result in a decrease in their stability. Electromagnetic-driven multi-degree-of-freedom motors, on the other hand, are simple and highly integrated, but they are large in volume and lack positioning accuracy. Therefore, combining the two drive modes can achieve complementary advantages, such as improving the motor’s torque, accuracy, and output performance. Firstly, the structure of the hybrid drive motor is introduced and its working principle is analyzed. The motor can achieve single and hybrid drive control, which is beneficial to improving the performance of the motor. Secondly, the influence of magnetization mode, permanent magnet thickness, slot torque, and stator mode on the motor is analyzed. Thirdly, the structure of the motor is determined to be 6 poles and 15 slots, the thickness of the permanent magnet is 12 mm, and the radial magnetization mode is used. Finally, the mixed torque and speed of the motor in the multi-degree-of-freedom direction are tested by experiments, which indirectly verifies the rationality of the structure design.

Temperature rise has always been one of the main researchfocusesof the motor. When the temperature is too high, it will have a serious impact on the stability and reliability of motor performance. Due to the special structure of electromagnetic piezoelectric hybrid drive motor (EPHDM), the loss and temperature distribution of electromagnetic drive part and piezoelectric drive part werestudied. By analyzing the operation principle of the motor, the loss of each part wasresearched. On this basis, the loss of the electromagnetic driving part and piezoelectric driving part werecomputed by using the coupling iterative calculation method. The temperature contour map of the motor wasanalyzed by simulation, and the temperature characteristics of each part of the motor werestudied. Finally, the experimental verification of the prototype, the reliability of the theoretical model, and simulation results wereproved. The results showed that the temperature distribution of the motor is reasonable, the winding temperature is relatively high, and the core temperature and piezoelectric stator temperature are relatively low. The analytical and experimental methods are provided for the further study of heat source optimization.

This paper proposes a new research method in view of the rare research on the contact state of hybrid drive multi-degree-of-freedom motor. Firstly, the basic principle and structure of hybrid drive motor are introduced. The air gap magnetic field model and electromagnetic torque model of permanent magnet rotor are obtained by analytical method. Static analysis of piezoelectric stators are carried out by stress-strain relationship. According to the analytical method and the spatial geometric relationship, the piezoelectric driving torque under different driving conditions is obtained. Introducing Hertz contact theory and Mindlin theory, combined with piezoelectric driving torque, electromagnetic driving torque and load torque to analyze the friction situation. A friction interface model considering the dynamic nonlinearity of friction coefficient and the nonlinear change of friction force distribution is established. Finally, using Matlab software, the friction distribution diagram of the contact surface of the hybrid drive three-degree-of-freedom motor under different driving and motion states is obtained. The analysis results verify the rationality of the electromagnetic piezoelectric hybrid driven three-degree-of-freedom motor. It shows that the contact state of the three sets of piezoelectric stators are determined according to the driving condition and load, the relative speed of the piezoelectric stators and the spherical rotor is proportional to the frictional force. It provides an idea for the research of contact state of hybrid drive multi-degree-of-freedom motor, and also lays a basis for further optimizing the friction interface of this kind of motors or actuators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Technical Courier / Vojnotehnicki Glasnik is the property of Military Technical Courier / Vojnotehnicki Glasnik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In view of the problems existed of sugarcane harvester in China, the paper analyzes the types and characteristics of the existing sugarcane collection mechanism. A new type of three degree of freedom sugarcane harvester hybrid drive collection mechanism was designed in three dimensions. The geometric model of the new configuration related components and the overall assembly was established. And imported into the ADAMS simulation software. After the simulation, the working point and the force curve of the component node were output and analyzed. In order to obtain the motion law of the new three-degree-of-freedom stacking mechanism, verify the correctness of the theoretical model, and provide reference for the in-depth research and prototype trial production of the stacking mechanism in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new Fuel Cell Fuel Consumption Minimization Strategy (FCFCMS) for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) powered by a fuel cell and an energy storage system, in order to minimize as much as possible the consumption of hydrogen while maintaining the State Of Charge (SOC) of the battery. Compared to existing Energy Management Strategies (EMSs) (such as the well-known State Machine Strategy (SMC), Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC), Frequency Decoupling and FLC (FDFLC), and the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS)), the proposed strategy increases the overall vehicle energy efficiency and, therefore, minimizes the total hydrogen consumption while respecting the constraints of each energy and power element. A model of a hybrid vehicle has been built using the TruckMaker/MATLAB software. Using the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), which includes several stops and accelerations, the performance of the proposed strategy has been compared with these different approaches (SMC, FLC, FDFLC, and ECMS) through several simulations.

The market demand for vehicles with reduced energy consumption, as well as increasingly stringent standards limiting CO2 emissions, are the focus of a large number of research works undertaken in the analysis of the energy consumption of cars in real operating conditions. Taking into account the growing share of hybrid drive units on the automotive market, the aim of the article is to analyse the total unit energy consumption of a car operating in real road conditions, equipped with an advanced hybrid drive system of the PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) type. In this paper, special attention has been paid to the total unit energy consumption of a car resulting from the cooperation of the two independent power units, internal combustion and electric. The results obtained for the individual drive units were presented in the form of a new unit index of the car, which allows us to compare the consumption of energy obtained from fuel with the use of electricity supported from the car’s batteries, during journeys in real road conditions. The presented research results indicate a several-fold increase in the total unit energy consumption of a car powered by an internal combustion engine compared to an electric car. The values of the total unit energy consumption of the car in real road conditions for the internal combustion drive are within the range 1.25–2.95 (J/(kg·m)) in relation to the electric drive 0.27–1.1 (J/(kg·m)) in terms of instantaneous values. In terms of average values, the appropriate values for only the combustion engine are 1.54 (J/(kg·m)) and for the electric drive only are 0.45 (J/(kg·m)) which results in the internal combustion engine values being 3.4 times higher than the electric values. It is the combustion of fuel that causes the greatest increase in energy supplied from the drive unit to the car’s propulsion system in the TTW (tank to wheels) system. At the same time this component is responsible for energy losses and CO2 emissions to the environment. The results were analysed to identify the differences between the actual life cycle energy consumption of the hybrid powertrain and the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedure) homologation cycle.

Shunting locomotives at railroad stations account for most emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. A significant share of these emissions depends on the position of the driver’s controller that is used to operate a diesel locomotive, as each position of the controller corresponds to a specific rotation frequency and power of the diesel engine. We have investigated the influence of application of the energy accumulator within a power circuit of a shunting locomotive on the level of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere when it performs different shunting operations. The relation has been established between the levels of pollutant emission into the atmosphere and the types of shunting operations performed. We have obtained statistical data regarding the time of a diesel locomotive shunting operation at each position of the driver’s controller when performing different types of shunting work. That makes it possible to optimally select the parameters of an energy accumulator for a shunting locomotive, which can meet both the technical and environmental requirements. It was established, based on the results from the current study, that using the energy accumulator within a power circuit of a shunting diesel locomotive reduces the amount of emissions of carbon oxide CO, nitric oxide NOх, sulfur dioxide SO2, soot and hydrocarbons, into the atmosphere by 20...30 % depending on the type of performedshunting operations and the capacity of the energy accumulator applied. Bringing down the level of specified emissions would make it possible to improve environmental conditions at a station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the characteristics of three different types of power train hybridization of forest logging machines and with the benefits of reducing environmental impacts by comparing new technology with more conventional, older technology. New hybridization options that could be implemented in forestry machines are also discussed. The paper divides a hybrid solution into three classes based on the energy used in the system of hybridization. First is an electro-hybrid system that uses an electric motor and battery or different storage device. The second, a hydraulic hybrid system, is a solution with a hydraulic accumulator, hydraulic motor, and pump. The third system is a combination of the electro-hybrid and hydraulic-hybrid system. The current technical and technological development of hybrid drive systems, as well as their components, has led to significant improvements in drive performance and thus better performance of the new generation of forest vehicles. Improved energy efficiency using hybrid propulsion systems in forest vehicles would result in a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and possibly lower maintenance costs.

The efficiency of each drives is dependent on many factors. Hybrid drives and specially the drives of urban public transport may be affected by other factors given by transport infrastructure or operational conditions. These factors condition the suitable configuration of the individual elements of hybrid drive and the establishment of good control strategy of such drive. The study of influencing factors of the control strategy is the aim of this paper.

Solving the problems of increasing requirements on transport, while respecting actual environment criteria, new solutions are being looked for to make an optimum mutual equilibrium. One of the possibilities of increasing ecological conditions, which are decreased by means of transporting a mine, shows this contribution that suggests a reconstruction of the original diesel-hydraulic engine DH30 to twosystem drive and hybrid drive. In the reconstruction, a DC and an asynchronous engine are suggested as traction engines. This reconstruction of the drive means not only increase of the ecological conditions in the mine but also an ability to use biofuel made from a crop that grew on contaminated soil. The aim of the reconstruction is to replace the combustion engine and hydraulic distribution with an electric drive while traction characteristics will remain at their values. A one-engine traction drive with an asynchronous engine with short circuit armature is regarded as one of the most prospective for an output range from several W up to MW. By using the asynchronous engine powered from semiconductive changer the problem of pulsing parts of torque is dealt with regulation. This reconstruction also means energy saving. This system also improves storing and manipulation with oil production in the mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]