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Based on the databases of Web of Science (WOS) core collection and CNKI, we performed the visual analysis to the biological activity study of Moringa oleifera Lam. included in these databases from 2000 to 2021 by means of Citespace software (5.8 R3 vision). Anyway, it is the first time that the retrospective study on the biological activity study of M. oleifera Lam. during the past two decade were investigated through Citespace information-visualization analysis method, it is helpful for its prospective study on research hotspot prediction. In this article, we trailed and analyzed several dimensions which included their annual literature distribution, research institutions, national/regional distribution, and so on. Furthermore, the change trends of their research hotspots in the home and abroad with the time change also were analyzed through the keywords and Citespace co-citation clustering, the visual network characteristics of hot topics and evolution revealed the change trend. Eventually, through the investigation study on the reported literatures, we found that Moringa oleifera Lam. had significant advantages in preventing and treating many metabolic diseases. In this regard, we reviewed its current research progress in detail. To sum up, through bring Citespace information-visualization analysis methods to the biological activity study of M. oleifera Lam.in this paper, it was aimed to enable scientific researchers to have a more comprehensive understanding on the activity study trends of M. oleifera Lam., and attract their attention to potential research hotspots, and further promote high value utilization of M. oleifera Lam..

Background: Cerebral resuscitation is one of the main therapeutic aims in the treatment of cardiac arrest (CA) patients who experience a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). However, the therapeutic effects of current treatments are not ideal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of neurological function of acupuncture combined with conventional cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitationthe (CPCR) for patients after ROSC. Methods: Seven electronic databases and other related websites were searched to identify studies on acupuncture combined with conventional CPCR for patients after ROSC. R software was used to conduct a meta-analysis, and the outcomes that could not be pooled were analyzed using a descriptive analysis. Results: Seven RCTs involving 411 participants who had experienced ROSC were eligible for inclusion. The main acupoints were Neiguan (PC6), Shuigou (DU26), Baihui (DU20), Yongquan (KI1), and Sanyinjiao (SP6). Compared to conventional CPCR, acupuncture combined with conventional CPCR led to significantly higher Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores on day 3 (mean difference (MD)=0.89, 95% CI: 0.43, 1.35, I2 = 0%), day 5 (MD = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.27, 2.15; I2 = 0%), and day 7 (MD = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.50; I2 = 0%). Conclusion: Acupuncture-assisted conventional CPCR may have a potential role in improving neurological function in CA patients after ROSC, but the certainty of evidence is very low and more high-quality studies are required. Protocol registration: This review was registered at the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42021262262.

Background: This study aims to summarize the available evidence and guideline/consensus recommendations for acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A scoping review was performed. Eight electronic databases and other related websites were searched. All studies related to acupuncture and moxibustion for COVID-19 were considered. Descriptive analysis was applied to analyze the all included studies and guideline recommendations. Results: We ultimately included 131 eligible studies. The main topics of the included studies were the treatment (82.4%) and prevention (38.9%) of COVID-19. The most included studies were literature reviews (65, 49.6%), protocols of systematic reviews (20, 15.3%), and guidelines and consensuses (18, 13.7%). The 18 (13.7%) COVID-19 guidelines and consensuses included 47 recommendations on acupuncture and moxibustion, which focused on the treatment (21/47, 44.7%), rehabilitation (17/47, 36.2%) and prevention (6, 12.8%) of COVID-19 patients. Zusanli (ST36), Feishu (BL13), Guanyuan (RN4) were recommended mostly for the treatment, rehabilitation and prevention respectively. Conclusions: Acupuncture and moxibustion are effective in the treatment of COVID-19 patients to some extent. However, more high-quality of clinical trials still needed to determine the feasibility of acupuncture and moxibustion in COVID-19 patients to better guide clinical practice. Study registration: Open Science Framework Registries (Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/Z35WN; https://osf.io/z35wn).

Background and PurposeRecently, there are a number of clinical studies on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for post-stroke sleep disorders (PSSDs). This study aimed to map the current clinical studies and identify gaps to inform future study agendas.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases, including SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang, were searched for clinical studies on PSSDs treated with TCM from their inception to September 2021. Evidence sources, number of studies, types of PSSDs, intervention categories, effectiveness, and quality assessment were graphically displayed.ResultsThe evidence map involved 810 clinical studies, of which the earliest report was dated back to 1993, and an advanced growth of the whole evidence was observed in 2012. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were the most common type of study design (78.15%), and post-stroke insomnia was the most common type of sleep disorders (65.80%). The benefits of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and acupuncture therapies for post-stroke insomnia have been widely reported in RCTs (81.60% and 75.38%, respectively). However, the benefits of CHM interventions were assessed using a global approach rather than being based on a specific formula, and the highest level of evidence supporting the effectiveness of acupuncture therapies was of low methodological quality. In addition, evidence from primary studies was insufficient in the areas of TCM for post-stroke sleep-related breathing disorders (SBDs) and Chinese mind-body exercises for post-stroke insomnia.ConclusionsPSSDs treated with TCM have been widely assessed in clinical studies. For better evidence translation, clinical trials on specific CHM interventions and high-quality systematic reviews on acupuncture for post-stroke insomnia should be conducted. For a better solution to clinical questions, TCM on SBDs after stroke and the benefits of Chinese mind-body exercises for post-stroke insomnia should be explored in future clinical studies.

Aiming at the problem of accurately locating and identifying multi-scale and differently shaped apple leaf diseases from a complex background in natural scenes, this study proposed an apple leaf disease detection method based on an improved YOLOv5s model. Firstly, the model utilized the bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) to achieve multi-scale feature fusion efficiently. Then, the transformer and convolutional block attention module (CBAM) attention mechanisms were added to reduce the interference from invalid background information, improving disease characteristics’ expression ability and increasing the accuracy and recall of the model. Experimental results showed that the proposed BTC-YOLOv5s model (with a model size of 15.8M) can effectively detect four types of apple leaf diseases in natural scenes, with 84.3% mean average precision (mAP). With an octa-core CPU, the model could process 8.7 leaf images per second on average. Compared with classic detection models of SSD, Faster R-CNN, YOLOv4-tiny, and YOLOx, the mAP of the proposed model was increased by 12.74%, 48.84%, 24.44%, and 4.2%, respectively, and offered higher detection accuracy and faster detection speed. Furthermore, the proposed model demonstrated strong robustness and mAP exceeding 80% under strong noise conditions, such as exposure to bright lights, dim lights, and fuzzy images. In conclusion, the new BTC-YOLOv5s was found to be lightweight, accurate, and efficient, making it suitable for application on mobile devices. The proposed method could provide technical support for early intervention and treatment of apple leaf diseases.

Background: Acute infectious diseases constitute the most prevalent public health emergency (PHE) in China. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has long been used in the treatment of acute infections, but the overall evidence of its benefit and harm has not been comprehensively and systematically evaluated.Methods: We searched CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Cochrane Library, embase and preprint platforms to retrieve systematic reviews (SRs) on CHM for acute infectious. Participants with COVID-19, SARS, H1N1, tuberculosis, bacillary dysentery, mumps, herpangina, hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), and other acute infectious diseases were included. Interventional group consisting of patients treated with CHM combined with Western medicine or CHM alone. The AMSTAR 2 tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the retrieved studies. Information on interventions, control measures and outcomes of the included studies was extracted, and meta-analyses were qualitatively synthesized.Results: A total of 51 SRs and meta-analyses were eligible for this overview, including 19 for COVID-19, 11 for hand-foot-and-mouth disease, 8 for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 4 for tuberculosis, 3 for mumps, 2 for bacillary dysentery, 2 for H1N1 influenza and 2 for herpangina. Six systematic reviews were of high quality, all of which were on the use of CHM for COVID-19; 24 were of moderate quality; 10 were of low quality; and 11 were of very low quality. CHM appeared to have potential benefits in improving clinical symptoms and signs for most infections with an acceptable safety profile, and the clinical evidence of the benefits of CHM for acute respiratory infections such as COVID-19, SARS and H1N1 seems more sufficient than that for other acute infections.Conclusion: Overall, CHM, both decoction and Chinese patent medicine, used alone or in combination with conventional medicine may offer potential benefits to relieving symptoms of people with acute respiratory infections. Full reporting of disease typing, staging, and severity, and intervention details is further required for a better evidence translation to the responses for PHE. Future CHM research should focus mainly on the specific aspects of respiratory infections such as its single use for mild infections, and the adjunct administration for sever infections, and individual CHM prescriptions for well-selected outcomes should be prioritized.

The Vickers hardness of the bulk TaB and nano-TaC ceramics sintered at high pressure and high temperature were measured by using a diamond indentation method. Our tests gave a maximum Vickers hardness of 13.9 GPa for TaB, and 19.2 GPa for nano-TaC ceramics under a load of 29.4 N. The hardness of nano-TaC-5 wt% Co composites was also measured under the same load for comparison, which was found to be much lower than that of TaB and nano-TaC. The relative densities calculated by the Archimedes method are 13.5 g/cm3 for TaB and 13.6 g/cm3 for nano-TaC. The averaged fracture toughness is 6.8 ± 0.3 MPa m1/2 for TaB and 5.0 ± 0.2 MPa m1/2 for nano-TaC. Our results show that the hardness of the TaB may not be as high as previous reports. Keywords: TaB, TaC, High-pressure, Vickers hardness, Fracture toughness

Fine roots constitute a fundamental source of litter decomposition and humus formation in terrestrial ecosystems. However, molecular-level traits of carbonaceous organics in fine roots grown in different media, such as soil and water, remain largely unexplored, which limits our understanding of root adaptation and decomposition under changing environments. Here, we used a sequential extraction method to obtain dichloromethane-and-methanol-extractable (FDcMe), base-hydrolyzable (FKOHhy), and CuO-oxidizable (FCuOox) fractions from fine roots of Dysoxylum binectariferum grown in soil and water and characterized them using targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and non-targeted Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Also, decomposition experiments were conducted on soil- and water-grown roots under aerobic and anoxic conditions. Results showed a consistent increase in unsaturation degree and aromaticity of the analytes from FDcMe to FCuOox fractions. Both analyses were sufficiently sensitive to show that compared to soil-grown roots, the water-grown ones developed more polyphenolics with a high unsaturation degree and aromaticity and had more non-structural compositions. Furthermore, although flooding provided an anoxic condition that slowed down root decomposition, the adaptive strategy of developing more non-structural labile components in water-grown roots accelerated root decomposition, thereby counteracting the effects of anoxia. Our results highlight that the complementary targeted and non-targeted analyses of sequentially extracted fractions can provide the supplementary molecular-level carbon traits of fine roots. It advances our understanding of biogeochemical processes in response to global environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose Although papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) has a relatively favorable prognosis, a small number of patients with lymph node or distant metastasis have a poor prognosis. Owing to the complex typing and heterogeneity of PRCC, it remains difficult to provide risk stratification. The objective of our research was to identify potential markers of PRCC prognosis. Methods We performed proteomics and bioinformatics analyses on six pairs of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor and paired normal tissue samples. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were used to analyze the prognostic value of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in PRCC. We verified the expression of the major biomarker through immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 91 PRCC tumor specimens. Results Proteomic analysis revealed 1544 DEPs between tumor and paired normal tissues. PRCC transcriptomic data from the TCGA database revealed that compared to non‐tumor tissues, the expression of high‐mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) was upregulated in tumor tissues, and patients with high HMGA2 expression exhibited shorter overall survival times. HMGA2 was associated with PRCC tissue subtype and higher cell pleomorphism. Both TCGA and IHC results showed that HMGA2 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. Conclusion HMGA2 was positively correlated with malignant progression and could be a valuable novel prognostic biomarker for PRCC risk stratification.

The cycloid gear wear of RV reducers leads to the degradation of the industrial robots’ transmission accuracy, but the degradation law with respect to the wear volume is still unclear. In this paper, a method for determining transmission error (TE) through a combination of numerical and simulation analysis is proposed. The wear model of cycloid gear was ascertained based on the theory of Archard. Then, the full rigid body and rigid–flexible coupling model of RV reducers were established using the multibody dynamics theory. Finally, the static transmission error (STE) and dynamic transmission error (DTE) were investigated. The results show that as working hours increase, the cycloid gear wear volume increases, and transmission accuracy deteriorates, but the rate tends to slow down.

Abstract Introduction Bleb scarring is the most important complication of trabeculectomy. Changing the application position of mitomycin C (MMC) during trabeculectomy might affect the surgery outcome. Our aim is to compare the effectiveness and safety of intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering in two different application sites of mitomycin in trabeculectomy. Methods This retrospective trial compared the surgical outcomes of 177 eyes that underwent trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C. In 70 eyes, an MMC-soaked sponge was applied under the scleral flap without touching Tenon’s capsule. In 107 eyes, an MMC-soaked sponge was applied under the scleral flap covered by Tenon’s capsule. Outcome measures were the IOP, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), success rates, and incidence of complications. Results Within both groups, a highly significant IOP reduction was seen during follow-up. The effectiveness in reducing IOP and the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were similar between the two groups. Thin-walled blebs and postoperative hypotony were seen more often when MMC-soaked sponges were applied under the scleral flap covered by Tenon’s capsule (P = 0.008 and P = 0.012, respectively). There was no significant difference in BCVA or other complications in either group. Conclusion Since the effectiveness of IOP reduction was similar between both groups and with a low incidence of thin-walled blebs and hypotony, the subscleral application without touching Tenon’s capsule seems to be the safer application site of MMC during trabeculectomy.

Abstract Background Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB), an intermediate locally aggressive neoplasm that frequently involves the epiphyseal region of the long bones. GCTB of the distal phalanx and soft‐tissue recurrences are extremely rare. Little is known about the cellular and molecular differences between GCTB of the long bones and rare sites. Methods We employed single‐cell RNA sequencing to elucidate the transcriptional profiles of 28,992 cells originating from patients afflicted with GCTB in the femur, distal phalanx, and soft‐tissue relapse. To confirm the critical findings, we subjected the paraffin sections of GCTB to immunohistochemical staining. Results Our study revealed that GCTBs in rare sites display distinct immune subtypes and antigen presentation gene signatures. We observed minimal lymphocyte infiltration in GCTBs of the phalanx. Further analyses demonstrated that the transforming growth factor‐β pathway and profibrotic proteins were significantly upregulated in phalanx lesions. In contrast, GCTB cells from soft‐tissue recurrence exhibited discernible chondrocyte characteristics but presented lower antigen‐presenting ability compared to those from femur lesions. Notably, we identified an immunosuppressive subset of mast cells in the soft‐tissue recurrence. The secretion of proangiogenic and immunosuppressive factors from these mast cells suggests their potential role in the formation of vascular‐rich and immunosuppressive niches in recurrent lesions. Conclusions Collectively, this study broadens our comprehension of the gene expression patterns observed in infrequent location GCTBs and furnishes a repository of information for illuminating promising therapeutic targets for rare GCTBs.

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is common in adolescent MDD, which is also a risk factor for suicide. However, there is few research on biomarkers and predictors about treatment response of NSSI. The purpose of this study was to find the difference of P300 between adolescent MDD with NSSI and healthy controls, and to explore whether the baseline electrophysiological level can predict the change of NSSI after treatment.MethodsWe collected 62 first-episode drug-naïve MDD adolescents with NSSI (MDD with NSSI group) and 44 healthy controls (HC group). The demographic data, HAMD score, self-injury frequency and electrophysiological level of NSSI group and HC group were collected. The HAMD score, frequency of NSSI in was also collected after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment.ResultsCompared to HC, the latency of the N2, P3a, and P3b components were significantly prolonged, whereas the amplitude of P3a and P3b were decreased in the MDD with NSSI group (P < 0.001). The frequency of self-injury decreased significantly after treatment (P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that the amplitudes of P3b had a significant positive predictive effect on the rate of change of NSSI frequency after 8 weeks.ConclusionP3b at baseline can be used as potential predictor for the reduction of NSSI in adolescent MDD.

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a major disease of crucifers. Effector proteins are important virulence factors in host recognition of pathogens and the interactions between pathogens and hosts. Secretory proteins, as effector candidates, have been studied in the interaction between Plasmodiophora brassicae and its hosts. In this study, 518 secretary proteins were screened from the Plasmodiophora brassicae genome. A total of 63 candidate effectors that induce or suppress cell death were identified using agroinfiltration-mediated transient expression in Nicothiana benthamiana. The candidate effectors, Pb4_102097 and Pb4_108104 showed high expressing level in the stage of rest spore maturity, could induce cell death and were associated with H2O2 accumulation in N. benthamiana leaves. In addition, 55 candidate effectors that could suppress BAX (Bcl-2-associated X protein) induced cell death, and 21 out of which could suppress the immunity caused by bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 expressing avrRps4 in Arabidopsis. Based on the expression pattern in different stages, 28 candidate effectors showed high expression levels during the primary and secondary infection stage. Five candidate effectors containing the RXLR motif functioned in the cytoplasm and cell membrane.

Background This study examined the associations between quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters and myocardial abnormalities as documented on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with systemic hypertension. Methods and Results We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 118 adults with hypertension (197 eyes). Patients underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and OCTA (PLEX Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec). Associations between OCTA parameters (superficial and deep retinal capillary density) and adverse cardiac remodeling (left ventricular mass, remodeling index, interstitial fibrosis, global longitudinal strain, and presence of left ventricular hypertrophy) were studied using multivariable linear regression analysis with generalized estimating equations. Of the 118 patients with hypertension enrolled (65% men; median [interquartile range] age, 59 [13] years), 29% had left ventricular hypertrophy. After adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and signal strength of OCTA scans, patients with lower superficial capillary density had significantly higher left ventricular mass (β=−0.150; 95% CI, −0.290 to −0.010), higher interstitial volume (β=−0.270; 95% CI, −0.535 to −0.0015), and worse global longitudinal strain (β=−0.109; 95% CI, −0.187 to −0.032). Lower superficial capillary density was found in patients with hypertension with replacement fibrosis versus no replacement fibrosis (16.53±0.64 mm‐1 versus 16.96±0.64 mm‐1; P=0.003). Conclusions We showed significant correlations between retinal capillary density and adverse cardiac remodeling markers in patients with hypertension, supporting the notion that the OCTA could provide a non‐invasive index of microcirculation alteration for vascular risk stratification in people with hypertension.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) are prevailing eye diseases that can lead to blindness. In order to provide a non-invasive diagnostic method for glaucoma, we investigated the feasibility of using drop-coating deposition Raman spectroscopy (DCDRS) to discriminate glaucoma patients from healthy individuals based on tear samples. Tears from 27, 19 and 27 POAG patients, PACG patients and normal individuals, respectively, were collected for Raman measurement. For high-dimension data analysis, principal component analysis–linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) was used to discriminate the features of the Raman spectra, followed by a support vector machine (SVM) used to classify samples into three categories, which is called a PCA-LDA-based SVM. The differences in the characteristic peaks of Raman spectra between glaucoma patients and normal people were related to the different contents of various proteins and lipids. For the PCA-LDA-based SVM, the total accuracy reached 93.2%. With the evaluation of 30% test dataset validation, the classification accuracy of the model was 90.9%. The results of this work reveal that tears can be used for Raman detection and discrimination by combining the process with the PCA-LDA-based SVM, supporting DCDRS being a potential method for the diagnosis of glaucoma in the future.

This paper presents a BJT-based smart CMOS temperature sensor. The analog front-end circuit contains a bias circuit and a bipolar core; the data conversion interface features an incremental delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter. The circuit utilizes the chopping, correlated double sampling, and dynamic element matching techniques to mitigate the effects of process bias and nonideal device characteristics on measurement accuracy. Furthermore, based on the principle of charge conservation, the dynamic range utilization of the ADC increases. We propose a neural network that uses a multilayer convolutional perceptron to calibrate the sensor output results. Using the algorithm, the sensor achieves an inaccuracy of ±0.11 °C (3σ), exceeding the accuracy of ±0.23 °C (3σ) achieved without calibration. We implement the sensor in a 0.18 µm CMOS process, occupying an area of 0.42 mm2. It achieves a resolution of 0.01 °C and has a conversion time of 24 ms.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in anterior segment parameters as assessed by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and to propose a prediction equation for the width of the angle after LPI.Design: This was a prospective study.Participants: The participants included 100 subjects with primary angle closure suspect (PACS).Methods: Anterior segment UBM parameters were measured, whereas AOD750 was chosen to indicate the width of the angle associated with gonioscopic angle closure, as found in a prior study.Main Outcome Measures: Angle parameters, iris parameters, anterior chamber parameters and ciliary body parameters.Results: All angle parameters increased after LPI, including the mean angle opening distance at 750 μm (AOD750), mean angle opening distance at 500 μm from the scleral spur (AOD500), mean angle opening distance at 750 μm from the scleral spur (AOD750), and mean angle recess area at 750 μm from the scleral spur (ARA750). Among iris parameters and ciliary body parameters, the iris thickness at 2,000 μm (IT2000), iris curvature (IC), and trabecular-ciliary process distance (ICPD) were reduced after LPI. The final equation consisted of four parameters: anterior chamber depth (ACD), iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur (IT750), AOD750, and lens vault (LV). This equation explained 42.7% of the variability in the angle opening indicator AOD750 after LPI, whereas in the plateau iris configuration subgroup, the accuracy of the prediction equation reached the highest a maximum of 68.6%.Conclusions: There was an increase in angle opening and iris flattening after LPI. An equation involving four angle parameters was constructed, this equation which could explained 42.7% of the variability in the angle opening indicator AOD750 after LPI whereas in the plateau iris configuration subgroup, the accuracy of the prediction equation reached a maximum of 68.6%.

This study investigates how lower-level English language learners achieve and maintain intersubjectivity and navigate through co-constructed framings during context-embedded tasks such as improvised role-play. In language education settings, activities associated with interactions often reflect multi-layered participant orientations beyond mere linguistic execution. From the perspectives of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, linguistic actions are effective only when they are intersubjectively understood: the complexity of an activity necessitates corresponding levels of intersubjectivity for smooth progression. A close examination of sequence development in role-play activities shows how intersubjectivity is preserved as interlocutors engage in aligning and affiliative moves to avoid potential disruptions and maximize mutual contributions. Interlocutors’ progressive inputs are integrated as intersubjectively sustained elements of ongoing interaction framings only when collaboratively developed by the participating parties. The analysis also addresses the impact of online communication tools, acknowledging their increasingly essential role in online teaching. The results suggest the need for a dynamic concept of ‘framing,’ replacing ‘frame,’ and recommend that conversation analysis should account for the multi-layered contexts of surrounding activities.