Conducting and characterizing femto flow electrospray ionization

Femto flow electrospray ionization (ESI) ranging from 240 fL/min to low pico flow (< 10 pL/min) was conducted and measured using submicron emitter tip and relay ESI configuration. Signature analyte ion intensities and profiles were obtained. Obtained flow rate and ionization current enabled size calculation for initial charged nanodroplet.