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Pediatric renal sonography is a non-radiation exposure and non-invasive procedure to evaluate kidneys and urinary tract structures. It is frequently performed in clinics and wards. Although there is no physical discomfort during ultrasounds, children would still experience agitation or crying due to unfamiliarity with medical environment. To provide comfortable medical experience and improve the quality of healthcare, we design a renal sonography process integrated with acoustic components specific for children. Patients under 7 years old are divided into three groups, under the age of 1, 1–3, and above 3. Pre-recorded music with nursery rhymes and fairy tales is played. Two time points are designed to evaluate acoustic integrated effect, along with preparing phase or real time of sonography starting. Data are collected from three timeframes: before, during, and after the exam. Physiological data will include heart rate, respiratory rate, and O2 saturation. Emotional behavior, such as agitation, crying, and smiling, will be recorded. This study will establish specific acoustic components and suitable intervention timeframe for children of different age groups. By having acoustic comfort, we hope children will have good experiences during sonography exam. As a result, the quality of medical examination and children wellbeing can be achieved.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment suitable for pediatric patients for less food restrictions, better school attendance and requires less hospital visits than hemodialysis. However, it may still cause stress and affect children’s wellbeing as children with end-stage renal disease have to undergo treatment four times a day, 30 min each time. Thus, sound interventions used to improve children’s comfort during PD treatments are worthy of investigating and are the aim of this study. Respondents will include PD patients under 18 years of age. Three types of sound will be played during PD treatment via headphone, including natural sound, classical music, and songs chosen by individual patient. Vital signs will be measured with oximeter to include heart rate, respiratory rate, O2 saturation, and blood pressure. Neurological activities will be recorded by electroencephalography (EEG). PD treatment efficiency will be measured by calculating fluid removal volume. Questionnaires will be given to measure the subjective wellbeing of respondents. Correlations among chosen music, vital signs, EEG readings, treatment efficiency, and patient’s subjective wellbeing will be investigated. The findings of this research will add knowledge to improve subjective patient wellbeing and dialysis efficiency by acoustic interventions.

Measles is a highly infectious viral illness and is one of the world's most contagious diseases that can affect all people if they have not been vaccinated or have not had it before. Before measles vaccine became available in 1963, major epidemic occurred approximately every 2 to 3 years and thus 99% of the people were thought to have been infected naturally with measles virus and got immune for life. In 2000, measles was declared eliminated from the United States, and yet 1215 cases have been reported from 30 states as of August 22, 2019. Currently, there are several large measles outbreaks universally, and some people who were not immune and they need to get their measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine to prevent measles outbreaks. As vaccination coverage increases, the average age of measles infection can change to adolescents and young adults. In addition, the protective antibodies derived from vaccination might decrease gradually, and the risk of measles infection in young adults is increasing regardless of international travelling.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection results in some severe complications with high mortality and disability in Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in children. Recent studies have shown that cytokine genetic predispositions have associations with both the development of EV71 infection and severity of HFMD.This study was designed to investigate whether the IL-10-592 polymorphism is associated with IL-10 levels and disease severity in Chinese children with EV71 infection.In patients selected, there were 378 cases with EV71 infection (including 291 mild cases, 70 severe cases and 17 critical cases), as well as 406 health controls. EV71 in serum was tested by RT-PCR, and IL-10-592 genotype was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis techniques.The IL-10-592C allele was observed with higher frequency in patients with critical EV71 infection (70.59%) compared with severe EV71 infection (41.43%, P0.01), mild EV71 infection (43.81%, P0.01) and healthy children (44.46%, P0.01). The blood IL-10 levels of critical cases were significantly higher than severe cases, mild cases, and healthy children. Among all of the four groups, IL-10 levels in patients with genotype AA were significantly lower than those with genotypes AC+CC (t=4.86, P0.05; t=2.30, P0.05; t=3.44, P0.05; t=5.58, P0.05).IL-10-592C allele is associated with IL-10 expressions and the severity of EV71 infection in Chinese patients.

Prior to 2015, Zika Virus (ZIKV) outbreaks had occurred in areas of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Although a causal relationship between Zika infection during pregnancy and microcephaly is strongly suspected, such a connection has not yet been scientifically proven. In May 2015, the outbreak of ZIKV infection in Brazil led to reports of syndrome and pregnant women giving birth to babies with birth defects and poor pregnancy outcomes; the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed ZIKV infection in Brazil. Currently, ZIKV outbreaks are ongoing and it will be difficult to predict how the virus will spread over time. ZIKV is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected mosquitos, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes are the principle vectors of dengue, and ZIKV disease generally is reported to include symptoms associated with acute febrile illnesses that clinically resembles dengue fever. The laboratory diagnosis can be performed by using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on serum, viral nucleic acid and virus-specific immunoglobulin M. There is currently no vaccine and antiviral treatment available for ZIKV infection, and the only way to prevent congenital ZIKV infection is to prevent maternal infection. In February 2016, the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan CDC) activated ZIKV as a Category V Notifiable Infectious Disease similar to Ebola virus disease and MERS.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus infection and an important cause of encephalitis in most of Asia and parts of the western Pacific. Most people infected with the JE virus (JEV) are asymptomatic or seemingly suffer from a nonspecific, flu-like illness; in others, JE can cause illness ranging from fever and headache to severe encephalitis. Although it can cause significant morbidity and mortality, JE is a vaccine-preventable disease, and vaccination programs have proven most effective in preventing and diminishing the burden of disease. Such JE vaccines have been available for decades with four types of JE vaccines—live attenuated SA14-14-2 vaccine, inactivated mouse brain-derived vaccine (JE-MB), inactivated Vero cell culture vaccine (JE-VC), and live attenuated chimeric vaccine (IMOJEV)—and are currently used in most countries. In some Asian countries such as Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, and Thailand, immunization programs have been conducted for children and so the ongoing incidence of JE has declined considerably in recent decades. Until quite recently, the primary JE vaccine in use internationally has been the JE-MB, which is now commonly replaced by cell culture-based vaccines.

Background Enterobacter species has emerged as an important pathogen of nosocomial bacteremia. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical characteristics of bacteremia in pediatric patients. Materials and methods We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of patients (under the age of 18 years) having Enterobacter bacteremia who were treated at Taipei the Veterans General Hospital from January 2001 to June 2011. Results In total, 853 positive blood cultures were obtained from 620 patients during the study period. Among them, 96 episodes of Enterobacter bacteremia were found in 83 patients, accounting for 11.3% of all bacteremia. Eighty-two cases (98.8%) were nosocomial infections. Most of the cases were neonates (62 cases, 74.7%) and premature infants (51 cases, 61.5%). The common sources of bacteremia were the respiratory tract (53.0%), followed by intravascular catheter (10.8%), multiple sources (10.8%), and the gastrointestinal tract (8.4%). The overall case fatality rate was 18.1%, with the highest rate being reported among premature infants. The factors responsible for the deaths were leukocytosis and a higher median number of underlying diseases. Conclusion Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that Enterobacter species are probably an important pathogen of nosocomial bacteremia in premature neonates. The number of underlying diseases should be considered a major factor influencing the prognosis.

To optimize somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) procedures in mini-pigs, the present study was designed to examine the effects of donor cell types and aphidicolin (APC) treatment on in vitro development of reconstructed embryos. Oviduct epithelial cells (OEC), ear fibroblast cells (EFC) and cumulus cells (CC) derived from mini-pigs were treated with serum starvation only or serum starvation followed by treatment of 0.1 µg/mL APC. The reconstructed embryos were cultured for 7 days to evaluate their developmental competency. Cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of reconstructed embryos derived from the OEC by APC treatment were significantly higher than the serum starvation (61.82% vs. 56.25%, 24.55% vs. 17.86%; P < 0.05). The cleavage rate from the EFC was significantly increased by APC treatment compared to serum starvation only (63.36% vs. 57.01%; P < 0.05). In the ooctyes with the CC, the reconstructed embryos could yield high blastocyst formation rate by APC treatment (29.63%; P < 0.05). In the presence of APC, CC gave rise to the highest cleavage and blastocyst formation rates among the three cell types. Therefore, our results suggest that treatment of CC with serum starvation plus APC prior to nuclear transfer is more suitable in SCNT of mini-pigs.

ZnO with hierarchy structure was prepared by a convenient environmental friendly two-step route without using any template. The precursor of Zn(OH)2 with hierarchy structure was firstly synthesized through an equilibra-shift process. The precursor was then themo-decomposed slowly. The ZnO with the same morphology was obtained. The mechanism for the formation of this structure was elucidated. The low reaction temperature and slow reaction rate favored the hierarchy structure of the precursor. The ZnO showed good photocatalytic activity on degradation of methyl orange under UV light irradiation.

Using bis-cyanopyridyl alkane compounds as guests, three cucurbit[6]uril-based new pseudorotaxanes (2a, 2b and 2c) were synthesised and characterised. The crystal structures for 2a and 2c have been determined and discussed. In addition, formation constants and thermodynamic parameters in aqueous solution, as well as thermal decomposition behaviour in solid state, have been studied by 1H NMR and TGA techniques, respectively.

NiO with novel flower-like morphology was prepared by using a two-step, template- and surfactant-free, environmentally friendly method. Flower-like NiO was composed of many irregular nanosheets that were assembled together by weak interactions. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction patterns, N2 sorption, temperature-programmed reduction with CO, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) for CO adsorption. The catalytic behaviors for CO oxidation were studied by using a fixed bed microreactor. Compared to NiO nanoparticles, we found the flower-like NiO possessed a larger surface area, bimodal pore size distribution, higher reducibility, and superior catalytic activity for CO oxidation. The XPS and CO in situ FT-IR results showed that its catalytic property was morphology...

Three cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6])-based polyrotaxanes [Cu(H2 C6N4)(CB[6])]Cl4·12H2O (1), [Co(H2 C6N4)(CB[6])]Cl4·14H2O (2) and [Ag(C6N4)(CB[6])]NO3·7H2O (3) are prepared using N,N′-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,6-hexanediamine (C6N4) threading into CB[6]'s and metal ions' assistance. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that polyrotaxanes 1, 2 and 3 all have 1D chain structure where 1 and 2 are linear and 3 has two shapes, linear and sawtooth, respectively. The effects of guest molecules, metal and counter ions as well as intermolecular weak interactions on the architectures of polyrotaxanes are discussed.

A novel supramolecular adduct of [ C6N2 (CB[6])] 3 · [Zn(H 2 O) 6 ]Cl 2 · 14H 2 O ( 1 ) is reported, where C6N2 = N , N ′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, CB[6] = Cucurbit[6]uril. It consists of a CB[6]-based pseudo-rotaxane and a six-hydrated Zn(II) ion, and forms an infinite 2D network and 3D spatial structure by hydrogen bonding interactions.

A pseudo-rotaxane, [(H2C6N3)(CB[6])](NO3)2·H2O (1), and three polyrotaxanes, [Ag(H2C6N3)(CB[6])](NO3)3·8H2O (2), [Ag(H2BDMN3)(CB[6])](NO3)3·10H2O (3), and [Ag(H2BDMN3)(CB[6])(H2O)][Ag(H2BDMN3)(CB[6...

The conserved cobalamin-binding domain of glutamate mutase exists as a separate dissociable subunit, MutS. The results obtained from BIAcore analysis indicate that MutS alone, in the absence of E component of glutamate mutase (MutE, catalytic subunit), is capable of binding hydroxocobinamide (OHCbi) with a Kd of 15.4+/-1.6 microM, but fails to bind adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl). The UV-visible spectrum indicates that histidine ligation to the cobalt atom only occurs when both MutE and MutS are present in the solution. MutS mutants, MutS-D14N and MutS-H16G, are also capable of binding OHCbi, but their binding kinetics altered. Our experimental results show that the electrostatic interaction between histidine-aspartate pair is important in the binding of OHCbi or AdoCbl, no matter whether histidine coordinates to the cobalt atom or not. The catalytic subunit is also involved in histidine ligation to the cobalt atom. Meanwhile, mutation of either His16 or Asp14 significantly impairs the enzyme to cleave the cobalt-carbon bond of AdoCbl.

The inclusion behavior between Costa-type complexes and cyclodextrins (CDs) was studied by 1H NMR in aqueous solution. The results indicated that 1:1 inclusion complex was formed, in which the alkyl group of the guest was included in the cavity of CDs. The stability constants of the inclusion complexes were determined by the quantitative 1H NMR method. The effects on stability constants were discussed when various host and guest compounds were used.

Conformational analysis of inclusion complexes of sodium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylate with β-cyclodextrin and heptakis-(2,3,6-tri-o-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin in D2O was investigated by 1D and 2D 1HNMR measurements. The results show that part of the naphthyl group of sodium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylate is situated in the 2,3-OH side of the β-cyclodextrin cavity asymmetrically while the whole naphthyl group is included in the heptakis-(2,3,6-tri-o-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin cavity with the caboxylate and hydroxy group close to the 6-OCH3 group.

The crystal and molecular structures of alkylcobaloxime/ g -cyclodextrin ( g -CD) inclusion complexes: butyl(aqua)cobaloxime/ g -CD ( 1 ). hexyl(aqua)cobaloxime/ g -CD ( 2 ) and cyclohexyl(aqua)cobaloxime/ g -CD ( 3 ) were determined by X-ray diffraction analyses. Crystal data for 1 ·14H 2 O: P 2 1 2 1 2 1 , a =15.1335(3), b =18.9630(2), c =28.1545(5) A, Z =4; 2 ·12H 2 O: P 2 1 2 1 2 1 , a =15.1135(4), b =19.1477(5), c =28.2715(7) A, Z =4; 3 ·10H 2 O: P 2 1 2 1 2 1 , a =15.6898(2), b =16.9094(2), c =28.9762(2) A, Z =4. The structural and conformational comparisons for the three g -CD inclusion complexes with their guest molecules as well as other CD inclusion analogs are discussed.

Probiotics are proprietary formulations of specific microorganisms and quantified populations of live bacteria that are intended to confer a health benefit on the host. These different strains and combinations of microorganisms have a wide and varying range of clinical and immunologic capacities that can modify intestinal microbial populations in ways that can benefit the host. The enhanced presence of probiotic bacteria in the intestinal microbiota has been found to correlate with protection against atopy. The prevalence of allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis has increased sharply over the past 2–3 decades in many countries, and allergies are now the most common chronic disease among children throughout the world. In the past few years, probiotics have been advocated for the management of allergic diseases in many parts of the world. So far, probiotics have shown more promise, albeit limited, in the primary prevention of allergic disease rather than in the treatment of established disease.

Photolysis of organocobalt complexes with Schiff base equatorial ligand, bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (salen), has been investigated by pulsed, time-resolved photoacoustic calorimetry in methanol at ambient temperature. The observed enthalpy changes and measured cobalt–carbon bond dissociation energies for the above compounds lie within the range 80–170 kJ mol−1. The influence of the steric and electronic factors of both the alkyl group and trans base ligand on Co–C bond strength is discussed. It is interesting to note that we obtain the highest Co–CH3 bond dissociation energy (BDE) value of 168 kJ mol−1 for CH3Co(salen)H2O compared with those for coenzyme B12 and its model compounds.

The crystal structure of the aqua(butyl)cobaloxime/α-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was determined by single X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 14.083(3), b = 19.237(4), c = 24.517(5) A and Z = 4. A thermogravimetric analysis has indicated that the thermal stability of the aqua(butyl) cobaloxime was increased in its α-cyclodextrin inclusion complex.

Apparent formation constants and thermodynamic parameters of inclusion complexation of 3-hydroxynaphthalene2-carboxylic acid (3H2NA) and its analogues with cyclodextrins in aqueous solutions were determined by the steady-state fluorescence Benesi–Hildbrand method at various pH values. The pH dependence of formation constants and thermodynamic parameters for 3H2NA complexing with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is different from that with heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (TMβ-CD). Hydrogen bonding between 3H2NA (neutral or ionic form) and β-CD or proton-acceptors such as hydrogen ion and alkoxide ion (formed by dissociation of the secondary hydroxy group of β-CD) and its effect on the stability of the cyclodextrin complex are studied systematically and discussed in detail. It can be concluded that hydrogen bonding plays an important role in the formation of the inclusion complexes. In addition, enthalpy and entropy changes both contribute to inclusion complexation when the guest exists mainly as its molecular form. However, when the guests fully ionize, inclusion complexation is solely driven by enthalpy. The effect of host cavity size, guest diameter and position of substituents on the stability of the complexes is also observed. Linear compensatory ΔH° vs.TΔS° plots give slopes (α = 1.20 ± 0.10 and 1.21 ± 0.01) and intercepts (TΔS°0 = 19.1 ± 2.5 and 20.7 ± 0.3 kJ mol−1) for native CDs and modified CDs, respectively. On the basis of the enthalpy–entropy compensation effect, the big slopes of the ΔH° vs.TΔS° plots indicate that the structure of native and modified CDs in aqueous solution is flexible, despite the rigid skeleton of native CDs in the solid state, while the large intercepts TΔS°0 for native and modified CDs indicate extensive desolvation of both the host and guest on host–guest complexation. These two different CDs may be considered as one kind on the basis of enthalpy–entropy compensation effect. The general validity of the enthalpy–entropy effect is supported by the present results.

Aqua(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)cobaloxime 1 and its β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex 2 were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and X-ray crystallography. Structural and conformational comparisons between the inclusion complex and the guest compound are made. The rearrangement reaction of the methoxycarbonylethyl radical was observed in the anaerobic photolysis of aqua(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)cobaloxime in the absence and presence of β-cyclodextrin by using the EPR spin-trapping technique. The changes of EPR parameters indicate that the formed spin adduct could be included in the β-cyclodextrin’s cavity.

The crystal and molecular structures of iso-butyl(aqua)cobaloxime (I) and its hydrated inclusion complexes with α-cyclodextrin (II) and β-cyclodextrin (III) were determined by X-ray diffraction ana...

1 H NMR studies reveal that 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP) in the dimeric state can decompose into monomer effectively in the presence of cyclodextrins (Cds) in aqueous solution. The inclusion complexes formed are more soluble than MNP itself and stable to light. MNP–Cds are used as radical traps in the photolysis of coenzyme B12 and alkylcobalamins in the present study. The N and H hyperfine splitting parameters of the spin adducts are obtained by the EPR technique. Models for the interaction between Cds and aminoxyls are proposed, which mimic coenzyme B12–enzyme interactions to a certain extent.

Photolysis of 5′-deoxy-5′-adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) in neutral aqueous solution and methylcobalamin (MeCbl) in neutral and acid aqueous solution has been investigated using pulsed, time-resolved photoacoustic calorimetry in the temperature range 10–30 °C. The enthalpy changes for the above cobalamins, 129 ± 17, 163 ± 21 and 176 ± 23 kJ mol–1, respectively, are consistent with the values obtained by thermolytic kinetic methods. The reaction volume changes for them, 6 ± 1, 2 ± 0.5 and 5 ± 1 ml mol–1, respectively, are probably due to the conformational changes of the corrin ring and its side chains accompanying Co–C bond cleavage.

The reaction enthalpy and conformational volume changes can be qualitatively estimated by means of the temperature-dependent pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy. The curves for heat-releasing fraction and conformational volume changes with different temperatures are presented. The simultaneous equations for determination of the enthalpy and volume changes are established based on temperature-dependent measurements, and applied to study the photolysis of coenzyme system.

Thermodynamic and equilibria properties of two vitamin B12 coenzyme analogues, i.e. 1-methyl-5-deoxy-β-d-(−)ribofuranosylcobalamin (RibCbl) and 1-methyl-5-deoxy-2,3-isopropylidene-β-d-(−)ribofuranosylcobal- amin (Rib*Cbl) were studied by u.v.-vis. spectroscopy. Their temperature-dependent equilibria between 6-coordinate base-on species and 5-coordinate unprotonated base-off species, and pH-dependent equilibria for the protonation and displacement of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole at 25°C have been examined. Values of Δ H and Δ S in neutral solution and at pH 4.00, and the axial base pKa were determined. Comparing the results with those for coenzyme B12 and other cobalamins, it has been found that Δ H and Δ S values for two ribosylcobalamins fall in the range of organocobalamins, but for RibCbl*, a ca. 1 unit difference in pKa values exists. The effect of the ribofuranose structure on the Co-N(dbzm) strength is considered.

The kinetics and thermodynamics of enthalpy and conformational volume changes related to photo-dissociations of bovine oxide-hemoglobins has been investigated by ns pulsed photoacoustic method. The enthalpy and volume changes associated with the photo-dissociation are obtained as 35.7′3 Kcal/mol and 4.8′1 mL/mol respectively. The results are close to those of oxide-hemoglobins of human, but quite different with the values of carbon-monoxide-hemoglobins of human, and some discussions are given.

Since the first human infection with influenza A (H7N9) viruses have been identified in Shanghai on March 31, 2013, the latest variant of the avian flu virus has spread across four Chinese provinces recently. Human infections with avian influenza are rare and this is the first time that human infection with a low pathogenic avian influenza A virus has been associated with fatal outcome. To date (May 5th, 2013), China had reported 128 confirmed H7N9 infections in human, among 27 died. Most reported cases have severe respiratory illness resulting in severe pneumonia and in some cases have died. No evidence of sustained human-to -humans at this time, however, there is one family cluster with two confirmed cases for which human-to-human transmission cannot be ruled out. Recent evidence showed that the gene sequences of this novel H7N9 virus is primarily zoonotic and may be better adapted than other avian influenza viruses to infect human. Effective global infection control is urgently needed, and further surveillance and analyses should be undertaken to identify the source and mode of transmission of these viruses.

Photoacoustic signals generated by nonradiative processes of photo-initiated chemical reactions in solutions have been detected by a laser heterodyne interferometer with high sensitivity and wide band. This technique can accurately carry out the time-resolved measurement of transient processes in nanosecond scale. The experimental results and theoretical calculations for probing some fast chemical reactions are described.

A series of inclusion complexes involving α-cyclodextrin (α-cd) and alkyl(aqua)cobaloximes has been synthesized for the first time and characterized by elemental analysis, one and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. Their formation constants Ka were determined by quantitative 1H NMR methods. The crystal structures of α-cd–[Co(Hdmg)2Prn(H2O)](H2dmg = dimethylglyoxime) and its guest molecule [Co(Hdmg)2Prn(H2O)] were determined. According to both NMR and crystal structure data, 1 : 1 inclusion complexes of α-cd and alkylcobaloximes are formed, in which the alkyl groups of the guests are included into the cavity of α-cd. After formation of the inclusion complexes, variations in the bond lengths and angles around the cobalt atom, and conformation changes of the n-propyl(aqua)cobaloxime were observed. It is suggested that these changes in the guest molecule are probably due to the hydrophobic interaction between the alkyl groups and the α-cd cavities, and steric interaction between α-cd and Co(Hdmg)2. It has also been established that the stability of the inclusion complexes in aqueous solution is related to the length and the size of the alkyl groups, the Ka values varying in the order n-C5H11 Bun > Prn > Bui.

Three new analogs of coenzyme B12—2′,5′-dideosyadenssylcobinamide(2′dAdoCbi+), 2′,5′-dideoxycytidylcobinamide(2′dCytCbi+), and 5′-deoxythymidylcobinamide(ThyCbi+—were synthesized, at first, from tosylated 2′-deoxynucleosides and B12a to produce 2′,5′-dideoxynucleosidylcobalamins, and the to remove the DMBz nucleotide loop at pH = 8–9 using Ce(OH)3. They were characterized by UV-Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopies. A discussion on the spectral properties of them and a comparison with those of cobalamins containing 2′-deoxynucleosides were performed.

In the title compound, C11H13N4+·ClO4−, the planar geometry around the amino N atom in the cation suggests conjugation with the π-system of the pyridine ring. N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding interactions play a key role in the crystal packing.

The title compound, 3,3'-(4-pyridylimino)dipropanenitrile, C 11 H 12 N 4 , has a twofold axis and consists of a pyridine ring head and two cyanoethyl tails, the three groups being linked by an N atom. The planar geometry around the amino N atom suggests conjugation with the π-system of the pyridine ring. The molecules are stacked in a layer structure via relatively weak to very weak intermolecular C-H...π and C-H...N hydrogen-bond interactions.

The title complex, bis[3,3'-(pyridine-4-imino-kappaN(1))dipropanenitrile]silver(I) perchlorate, [Ag(CEAP)(2)]ClO(4) (CEAP is 4-[N,N-bis(2-cyanoethyl)amino]pyridine, C(11)H(12)N(4)), has been prepared and characterized. The unit cell consists of two crystallographically non-equivalent molecules. Cation cavities are constructed by [Ag(CEAP)(2)](+) cations through hydrogen bonds, and the ClO(4)(-) anions are incorporated into the cavities in mu(4)- and mu(2)-ClO(4)(-) bridging modes through C-H.O hydrogen bonds.

To optimize somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) procedures in mini-pigs, the present study was designed to examine the effects of donor cell types and aphidicolin (APC) treatment on in vitro development of reconstructed embryos. Oviduct epithelial cells (OEC), ear fibroblast cells (EFC) and cumulus cells (CC) derived from mini-pigs were treated with serum starvation only or serum starvation followed by treatment of 0.1 µg/mL APC. The reconstructed embryos were cultured for 7 days to evaluate their developmental competency. Cleavage and blastocyst formation rates of reconstructed embryos derived from the OEC by APC treatment were significantly higher than the serum starvation (61.82% vs. 56.25%, 24.55% vs. 17.86%; P0.05). The cleavage rate from the EFC was significantly increased by APC treatment compared to serum starvation only (63.36% vs. 57.01%; P0.05). In the ooctyes with the CC, the reconstructed embryos could yield high blastocyst formation rate by APC treatment (29.63%; P0.05). In the presence of APC, CC gave rise to the highest cleavage and blastocyst formation rates among the three cell types. Therefore, our results suggest that treatment of CC with serum starvation plus APC prior to nuclear transfer is more suitable in SCNT of mini-pigs.

With the rapid progress of wireless internet technology and the internet-capable mobile phones, as a new kind of digital library service model, mobile phone library comes into our vision. This paper surveyed the mobile websites of several university libraries, sum up their functions and services. Based on this, the author proposed a general structure of mobile website for university library.

The structure of a new diterpene, C30H46O11, with antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginose and Escherichia coli, isolated from the fresh whole plants of Ajuga lupulina (Labiatae) was established to be 2 beta-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-3 alpha-lupulin (3-deoxy-14,15-dihydro-2-hydroxy-15-methoxycaryoptinol 2-methylbutanoate), by means of X-ray crystallographic analysis. The present study confirms that the two six-membered rings are in ideal chair conformations.

Background Most small muscular ventricular septal defect (M-VSD) types have been diagnosed using color Doppler echocardiography. The purpose of this study was to understand the incidence of small M-VSD in the neonatal period and analyze the natural history of these M-VSDs. Materials and Methods All individuals in our study were neonates delivered at term who had a normal healthy appearance. Each accepted neonate had an examination with complete color Doppler echocardiography once before discharge. If the examination was confirmed for M-VSD, the study participants were then classified according to defect type. Further examination was arranged with color Doppler echocardiography at 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months of age or until there was complete spontaneous closure. Results Among 2891 neonates, we found that 72 (24.9/1000) were diagnosed with M-VSD. Among this group, 38 were male and 34 were female. Only six infants were lost to follow-up. Fifty-four of the 66 infants (81.8%) had M-VSD closed spontaneously at 12 months' follow-up. Significantly, 33 of 37 infants (89.2%) with mid-muscular type, the most common type of M-VSD, closed within the 1 st year of life compared with apical type (17/24:70.8%). Four of the five infants (80%) had anterior type M-VSD closed. Infants with posterior type M-VSD were not seen during this study period. Conclusion Although the incidence of M-VSD was common in the neonatal period, there was also a high rate of spontaneous closure. Therefore, comparison of M-VSD appearance with the incidence of congenital heart disease in neonates had a decisive influence on analysis.

A method for the determination and confirmation of methylene blue (MB) in aquatic products was developed. Residues of MB were extracted from homogenized tissues with acetonitrile/sodium acetate buffer solution, and simply cleaned up with dichloromethane liquid/liquid extraction. After concentration and dissolution, the sample solutions were cleaned up by the neutral alumina and weak cation-exchange solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. MB was determined at 1.0-20 microg/kg in eel, toasted eel and shrimp, with a limit of quantification of 0.5 microg/kg. Recovery for MB was between 73.0% and 108.3%. This method is fast, exact and sensitive. It can be applied to determine MB in aquatic products.

A cobalt-to-oxime carbon bridged organocobaloxime/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex has been formed in a β-cyclodextrin induced reaction, which was confirmed by X-ray structure analysis and FAB-MS.

Current resource and service is simple without integrative design. This paper introduces the needs of network learning in information age and service development, illustrates advantages of Web-based subject resource and service of university libraries, analyzes the necessity of Web-based subject learning platform (WSLP) construction, explains the components of WSLP and function characteristics, reports on the analysis of problems in WSLP construction and proposes relevant solutions.