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Jingxia Huang,1,* Jing Lin,2,* Yun Xiong,2 Zhonghao Wang,2 Yanling Zhu,1 Huijing Ye,3 Wenjun Guo1 1Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Strabismus and Amblyopia, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Orbital Disease and Ocular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wenjun GuoState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 20 87331548Fax +86 20 87334825Email 402385889@qq.comPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative discomfort in patients undergoing ambulatory strabismus under general anesthesia, and to identify risk factors associated with the discomfort.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 consecutive patients undergoing ambulatory strabismus under general anesthesia. Postoperative discomfort including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache was recorded and quantified. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to detect the risk factors associated with postoperative discomfort.Results: Of 210 participants, 199 (94.76%) patients experienced mild discomfort after ambulatory strabismus surgery under general anesthesia, and 31 (14.76%), 11 (5.24%), 60 (28.57%), 23 (10.95%) patients suffered from nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache, respectively. A multivariate analysis indicated that female sex, the surgery on inferior rectus, and the surgery on inferior oblique were the independent risk factors for postope

Huijing Ye,* Xiufen Lian,* Rongxin Chen, Yanling Zhu, Hongbin Chen, Jingxia Huang, Ling Xie, Wenfang Ma, Huasheng Yang, Wenjun Guo State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: This study aimed to investigate postoperative analgesia achieved with intraoperative administration of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil and nalbuphine in patients undergoing orbital decompression. Methods: Sixty-three patients undergoing orbital decompression under general anesthesia at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center at Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China) were randomly allocated into one of the following three groups (1:1:1): intraoperative flurbiprofen axetil 100 mg (Group 1); intraoperative nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg (Group 2); or intraoperative flurbiprofen axetil 100 mg combined with nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg (Group 3). The primary end point was mean postoperative pain intensity during the first 24 hours. The secondary efficacy end points were the intensity of pain and discomfort at 0, 2, 6, 10, and 24 hours after surgery and side effects at 24 hours after surgery. Results: The demographic characteristics were similar among the three groups. Mean and peak postoperative pain scores during the first 24 hours in Group 3 were lower than those in Group 1 (P=0.007 and P=0.003, respectively) and Group 2 (P=0.001 and P=0.000, respectively). Additionally, the pain scores in Group 3 were significantly lower than those in Group 1 during the first 6 hours after surgery (P=0.003, 0.002, and 0.022 at 0, 2, and 6 hours, respectively) and those in Group 2 during the first 10 hours after surgery (P=0.008, 0.000, 0.001, and 0.019 at 0, 2, 6, and 10 hours, respectively). Discomfort scores were not significantly different among the three groups during the observation period, except at 2 hours after surgery, at which time the scores in Group 3 were significantly

Huijing Ye,1* Rongxin Chen,1* Xiufen Lian,1* Jingxia Huang,2 Yuxiang Mao,1 Rong Lu,1 Siming Ai,1 Wenfang Ma,1 Jingyi Lin,2 Huasheng Yang,1 Wenjun Guo2 1Department of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; 2Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: To evaluate patient pain and discomfort following oculoplastic surgery performed under general anesthesia and to assess key factors associated with postoperative pain and discomfort. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted among 212 consecutive patients who underwent oculoplastic surgery performed under general anesthesia. The patients were assessed according to quantified levels of pain and discomfort postoperatively. Analgesic requests were recorded, and responses were statistically analyzed. Results: Pain and discomfort after oculoplastic surgery under general anesthesia were reported by 32.1% and 28.3% of the patients, respectively; 2.8% of the patients requested analgesic medication within 18 hours after surgery. The patients who underwent orbital decompression, secondary orbital implantation, and orbital fracture repair were more likely to develop significant postoperative pain and discomfort (P<0.001), and the patients who underwent enucleation/evisceration during orbital implantation were more likely to develop postoperative discomfort (P<0.001). The predictors of pain were smoking history, prior surgery on the operative eye, and anxiety (P<0.05), and the predictor of discomfort was anxiety (P<0.05). Conclusion: Patients undergoing oculoplastic surgery tend to experience postoperative pain and discomfort. Anxiety is a risk factor for both postoperative pain and discomfort, while smoking history a