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This study examines how news features (framing and the use of exemplars) can help overcome two common barriers (psychological and cognitive) impeding Black American participation in clinical trials. In an online experiment, Black participants (N = 390) viewed social media news posts varying in framing (focus on psychological vs. cognitive barriers) and use of an exemplar (present vs. absent and White vs. Black) and then responded to outcome measures including perceived message effectiveness, message attitudes, and intention to participate in clinical trials. The findings illustrate that including a racially matched (i.e. Black) exemplar improves attitudes toward clinical trial messages. Most notably, featuring a race-matched exemplar increases intention to participate in a trial when the messages discuss psychological barriers. These findings enhance our understanding of how messages can be better designed to increase Black American participation in clinical trials, thereby contributing to reducing health inequities and improving health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how psychological distance, both social and temporal, can be leveraged in prosocial health behavior messages to mitigate perceived psychological reactance. Following the construal level and psychological reactance theories, we conducted a 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design (N = 245), which manipulated naturalistic messages regarding a prosocial communications campaign. Structural equation modeling showed that far temporal distance combined with far social distance could significantly reduce threat to freedom and therefore positively affect attitudes and behavioral intentions toward prosocial health topics. The effect of social distance was found not significant, differing from past findings. Further, intertwined and parallel psychological reactance models were tested and discussed. We suggest the need for more psychological reactance research, particularly examining prosocial health behavior. Strategies for practical persuasion strategies in prosocial messages are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by the elaboration likelihood model and framing theory, this study explores the potential of short-form video platforms (e.g. TikTok), for targeted clinical trial recruitment. An online experiment compared doctor vs. peer-led videos addressing logistical or psychological barriers to participation, mimicking common TikTok communication tactics. Results indicate that high (vs. low) TikTok users are more persuaded by recruitment messages, and they exhibit stronger intentions to participate in clinical trials. Although doctor-sourced messages generate greater credibility and a more favorable message attitude, peer-sourced messages may be more effective in increasing participation intention. Lastly, doctor-sourced videos that address logistical barriers and peer-sourced videos that discuss psychological barriers result in higher self-efficacy for clinical trial participation. This study contributes to the growing body of research on new media's role in health communication and provides insights into how to strategically utilize TikTok and other short-form video platforms for clinical trial recruitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reasonably designing and synthesizing advanced electrode materials is significant to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a metal–organic framework (MOF, Mil‐125) was used as a precursor and template to successfully synthesize the porous mooncake‐shaped Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode material assembled from nanoparticles. Even more critical, SmF3 was used to modify the prepared porous mooncake‐shaped LTO material. The SmF3‐modified LTO maintained a porous mooncake‐shaped structure with a large specific surface area, and the SmF3 nanoparticles were observed to be attach on the surface of the LTO material. It has been proven that the SmF3 modification can further facilitate the transition from Ti4+ to Ti3+, reduce the polarization of electrode, decrease charge transfer impedance (Rct) and solid electrolyte interface impedance (Rsei), and increase the lithium ion diffusion coefficient (DLi), thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of LTO. Therefore, the porous mooncake‐shaped LTO modified using 2 wt % SmF3 displays a large specific discharge capacity of 143.8 mAh g−1 with an increment of 79.16 % compared to pure LTO at a high rate of 10 C (1 C=170 mAh g−1), and shows a high retention rate of 96.4 % after 500 cycles at 5 C‐rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops a measure of perceived authenticity in science communication and then explores communication strategies to improve the perceived authenticity of a scientific message. The findings are consistent with literature around trust and credibility, but indicate that authenticity—the perception that the scientist is a unique individual with qualities beyond institutional affiliations or a role in the production of the research—may add a potentially important dimension to accepted categories of integrity and benevolence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • FT-3 exhibits an excellent signal to noisy ratio, ROS-resistant and highly chemoselective. • FT-3 shows favourable cellular uptaken and was successfully employed for monitoring tyrosinase in different living cells. • FT-3 was successfully employed for monitoring tyrosinase activity in zebrafish larvae. Abstract Tyrosinase (Tyr) is known as an important cancer-related biomarker, which shows significant over-expression in malignant tumor cells, such as melanoma. Developing highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for monitoring tyrosinase in living system is still challenging. In this project, we report a novel fluorescein-based highly chemoselective fluorescent probe (FT-3) capable of tracking tyrosinase in vitro and in vivo in turn-on model. FT-3 contains a 3-hydroxybenzyloxy unit as the tyrosinase recognition moiety, which precluded from interference of other competitive omnipresent ROS in living system and realized the highly chemoselective detection of tyrosinase. Furthermore, the probe worked in aqueous solution and showed more than 24-fold fluorescence enhancement in the presence of tyrosinase, which endows FT-3, an excellent signal to noisy ratio. In addition, we have successfully employed FT-3 to monitoring tyrosinase activity in different living cells and zebrafish models. We believe that our newly designed fluorescent probe will provide an alternative for tracking tyrosinase in complex living system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cu-rich waste PCBs was reused to synthesize CuO catalyst for PMS activation. • The PCBs-CuO exhibited excellent performance and stability for RB19 degradation. • PCBs-CuO had good adaptability to pH, anions, and natural organic matter. • Singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals were the major reactive oxygen species. Waste printed circuit boards (PCBs), a common electronic waste, contain a high content of Cu. For environmental sustainability and economic benefit, it is necessary to recover the Cu as high value-added product instead of discarding it. In this work, Cu from PCBs was successfully recovered as CuO particles with high specific surface area and rich oxygen vacancies through cyclic leaching, chemical precipitation, low temperature aging, and calcination. Compared with CuO prepared from commercial Cu(NO 3) 2 ·5H 2 O, the PCBs-derived CuO (PCBs-CuO) exhibited comparable performance in activating peroxymonosulfate to degrade reactive blue 19, although its crystallinity and phase purity were relatively lower. Additionally, PCBs-CuO had an outstanding pH tolerance (2–12), confirming the practical application potential of PCBs-CuO in the removal of organic contaminants in various wastewater. Moreover, the quenching experiments, electrochemical measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis suggested that 1O 2 and ·OH played a significant role in PCBs-CuO/peroxymonosulfate system. The ≡Cu(II) and oxygen vacancies on the surface of PCBs-CuO was mainly responsible for the activation of peroxymonosulfate. This work provides a promising method for recycling metal from waste PCBs into high-effective peroxymonosulfate activator and simultaneously achieving environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of vaccination in combating the COVID-19 pandemic is widely acknowledged. The aim of this study was (1) to understand how one's vaccine conspiracy beliefs would influence their public health news processing, (2) to examine how specific public health news features (i.e., news frame) would influence message processing, and (3) to examine if there were any differences between Black and White participants in their message processing. A nationwide online experiment (N = 821) with a 3 (vaccine conspiracy beliefs: high vs. moderate vs. low) × 2 (participants' race: Black vs. White) × 2 (news frames: gain vs. loss) mixed-factorial design was conducted in the United States. Participants' level of vaccine conspiracy beliefs was predictive of their responses to outcome measures. Additionally, Black participants reported higher perceived message effectiveness, more favorable attitudes toward the message, and higher vaccination intentions than White participants. Furthermore, health news that emphasized vaccination benefits produced more favorable attitudes than those emphasizing losses associated with non-vaccination, especially for White participants. Lastly, participants reported more favorable attitudes toward gain-framed health news regardless of their vaccine conspiracy beliefs. It is crucial for health officials to work to find effective media message strategies to combat COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy theories and misinformation. Furthermore, this study supports the significance of health organizations' ongoing efforts to tailor public health messaging to specific racial groups, as evidenced by considerable variations in perceptions among Black and White Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study experiments with TikTok videos to promote clinical trial participation. More specifically, it examines how short-form video sources (doctors vs. prior volunteers for clinical trials) influence perceived source credibility, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention to participate in clinical trials. Findings from this online experiment (N = 396) showed that doctor sources led to greater behavioral intention through enhancing source credibility compared to prior volunteer sources. Alternatively, prior volunteer sources increased behavioral intention via enhanced self-efficacy for participants with low trust in doctors. These findings contribute to the understanding of how short-form video sources act as heuristic cues, leading to persuasion outcomes. Overall, we recommend featuring doctors when using video-based messages to promote clinical trial participation. Also, this study emphasizes the need for health communication practitioners to consider prior volunteers as spokespersons when targeting populations with low baseline trust in doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mineral transition mechanism, microstructure evolution and chemical reactivity of CaAl 2 O 4 -Ca 2 SiO 4 samples during the high-temperature sintering process at 1300–1500 °C were systematically studied using the pre-synthesized CaAl 2 O 4 and Ca 2 SiO 4 as raw materials when the mass ratio of Al 2 O 3 to SiO 2 is 3.0. The results show that increasing calcination temperature from 1300–1500 °C could promote the process CaAl 2 O 4 reacts with Ca 2 SiO 4 to form Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 , Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 and CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 during the sintering process. The transition process CaAl 2 O 4 reacts with Ca 2 SiO 4 to form Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 could be restrained by controlling calcination temperature lower than 1350 °C or higher than 1500 °C with cooling in the furnace. Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 also could transform into CaAl 2 O 4 and Ca 2 SiO 4 again easily during the slow cooling process. The amounts of phases Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 generated at high temperature could stay stably at room temperature by cooling in the air immediately after the sintering process. The crystal transformation process of Ca 2 SiO 4 from γ to β starts at 1328 °C during the heating process. Furthermore, increasing calcination temperature higher than 1400 °C could restrain the crystal form transformation of Ca 2 SiO 4 from β to γ again during the cooling process. The formation of Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 , decreasing of CaAl 2 O 4 and γ-Ca 2 SiO 4 also could deteriorate the pulverization property and alumina leaching property of CaAl 2 O 4 -Ca 2 SiO 4 sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research endeavors to understand how pediatricians and parents discuss – or do not discuss – firearm risks for children during well-child visits. Through individual semi-structured interviews with 16 pediatric providers and 20 parents, the research explores discursive barriers to open conversation, perspectives on anticipatory guidance, and new ideas for culturally competent messaging. The research focuses particularly on how parents' and providers' perspectives on firearm risk communication are tied to cultural norms and expectations. One salient theme that emerged is that the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation that pediatricians ask parents about ownership status is deemed undesirable by pediatricians and parents because of the delicate intercultural setting. Born out of pediatric and parent experiences, and mindful of culturally salient barriers, this study offers alternative strategies for discussing firearm risk in well-child exams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that certain adverse reactions can occur during painless gastroscopy examination. Knowing how to decrease the risks and incidence of adverse reactions is of great importance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether topical pharyngeal anesthesia combined with intravenous anesthesia is superior to intravenous anesthesia alone in patients undergoing painless gastroscopy and to determine whether this combined approach had any additional benefits. METHODS: Three hundred patients undergoing painless gastroscopy were randomly assigned to either the control group or the experimental group. In the control group, patients were anesthetized with propofol, while patients in the experimental group received propofol combined with 2% lidocaine spray for topical pharyngeal anesthesia. Hemodynamic parameters before and after the procedure, including the heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse oxygen saturation (SPO 2) were recorded. Any adverse reactions experienced by the patient, including choking and respiratory depression, and the total dosage of propofol required during each procedure were also documented. RESULTS: Compared with pre-anesthetic data, the HR, MAP, and SPO 2 were reduced after the completion of the painless gastroscopy procedure in both groups. However, the HR, MAP, and SPO 2 measurements taken after the gastroscopy were significantly lower in the control group than those of the experimental group (P < 0.05); thus, the hemodynamic parameters of the experimental group were more stable. Compared with the control group, there was significant reduction in the total amount of propofol administered in the experimental group (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions, including choking and respiratory depression, was significantly lower in the experimental group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the application of topical pharyngeal anesthesia in painless gastroscopy can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. Thus, the combination of topical pharyngeal and intravenous anesthesia is worthy of clinical application and promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]