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As a noninvasive therapeutic technique, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted numerous research interests for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the residual photosensitizers (PSs) still produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage normal cells under sunlight after PDT, which limits their practical application in clinic. Herein, the authors propose a self‐degradable type‐I PS based on conjugated polymer, which is composed of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and imidazole units. Due to the effective conjugated skeleton and unique AIE properties, thus‐obtained polymers can effectively generate superoxide radical (O2−•) through the type‐I process under light irradiation, which is ideal for hypoxic tumors treatment. Intriguingly, under light irradiation, O2−• produced by the conjugated polymers can further lead to the self‐degradation of the polymer to form nontoxic micro‐molecules. It not only helps to resolve the potential phototoxicity problems of residual PSs, but also can accelerate the metabolism of the conjugated polymers to avoid the potential biotoxicity of drug accumulation. This work develops a self‐degradable type‐I PS, which can turn off the generation of ROS in time after PDT, providing a novel strategy to balance the PDT effect and postoperative safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our population-based epidemiological studies demonstrated that the epidemiological aspects of ocular melanomas are different from those in cutaneous melanoma. The incidences of conjunctival melanoma increased in the past decades and was higher in the South (greater sun exposure), which is consistent with the occurrence of cutaneous melanoma. On the contrary, incidences of uveal melanoma are in the opposite direction of cutaneous melanomas. This indicates that solar radiation does not cause an increase of incidences of melanoma in ocular tissues (uveal melanoma) that are not exposed to solar radiation. Solar radiation increases the incidence of melanoma only in tissues exposed to said radiation, such as in conjunctival and eyelid melanomas. Uveal melanoma incidences in light-pigmented individuals are much greater than in dark-pigmented individuals. This result cannot be attributed to a melanin photo-screening effect, and is possibly related to melanin's biophysical and biochemical effects. The difference in incidences between light- and dark-pigmented individuals in conjunctival melanomas, as well as in vulvar and vaginal melanomas, are much lower than that in the uveal and cutaneous melanomas. This difference may be related to the different histological structures in these melanomas; conjunctival and vaginal melanomas occur in the mucous membrane, whereas cutaneous melanomas occur in the skin. Recent molecular biological studies indicate that each type of melanoma has its own molecular changes which are different from the others. Therefore, independent studies are required for each type of melanoma to discover their own etiology and pathogenesis, and to develop relevant novel prevention and treatment procedures.

Purpose: To investigate effect of bFGF, EGF and NGF on growth of cultured human corneal endothelial cells., Methods: Cultured human corneal endothelial cells were seeded into individual wells of 96-well tissue culture plate with the same culture media containing separately bFGF, EGF or NGF with a serial of concentrations of 0 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml, 3 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 30 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml and then cultured for 5 days. Then MTT method was used to detect the growth of the cells., Results: The averaged OD values of the cell wells containing bFGF with a serial of concentrations of 0 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml, 3 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 30 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml were 0.224 +/- 0.045, 0.239 +/- 0.040, 0.262 +/- 0.0342, 0.278 +/- 0.0319, 0.281 +/- 0.0324, 0.260 +/- 0.0310. The averaged OD values of EGF group and NGF group were separately 0.228 +/- 0.0304, 0.245 +/- 0.0418, 0.267 +/- 0.0454, 0.275 +/- 0.0347, 0.271 +/- 0.0449, 0.250 +/- 0.0253 and 0.216 +/- 0.0187, 0.228 +/- 0.0226, 0.231 +/- 0.0225, 0.242 +/- 0.0279, 0.245 +/- 0.0294, 0.247 +/- 0.0349., Conclusion: bGFG can promote the growth of human corneal endothelial cells in a dose dependent manner while with concentration lower than 30 ng/ml. bFGF with concentration that is higher than 100 ng/ml will weaken this effect. EGF can also promote proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells demonstrating a linear dose dependent effect when its concentration is lower than 10 ng/ml and this effect decreased when its concentration was higher than 30 ng/ml. NGF showed no effect on the growth of human cornea endothelial cells in this study.