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IntroductionRotavirus-associated diarrheal diseases significantly burden healthcare systems, particularly affecting infants under five years. Both Rotarix™ (RV1) and RotaTeq™ (RV5) vaccines have been effective but have distinct application schedules and limited interchangeability data. This study aims to provide evidence on the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of mixed RV1-RV5 schedules compared to their standard counterparts.MethodsThis randomized, double-blind study evaluated the non-inferiority in terms of immunogenicity of mixed rotavirus vaccine schedules compared to standard RV1 and RV5 schedules in a cohort of 1,498 healthy infants aged 6 to 10 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of seven groups receiving various combinations of RV1, and RV5. Standard RV1 and RV5 schedules served as controls of immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety analysis. IgA antibody levels were measured from blood samples collected before the first dose and one month after the third dose. Non-inferiority was concluded if the reduction in seroresponse rate in the mixed schemes, compared to the standard highest responding scheme, did not exceed the non-inferiority margin of −0.10. Reactogenicity traits and adverse events were monitored for 30 days after each vaccination and analyzed on the entire cohort.ResultsOut of the initial cohort, 1,365 infants completed the study. Immunogenicity analysis included 1,014 infants, considering IgA antibody titers ≥20 U/mL as seropositive. Mixed vaccine schedules demonstrated non-inferiority to standard schedules, with no significant differences in immunogenic response. Safety profiles were comparable across all groups, with no increased incidence of serious adverse events or intussusception.ConclusionThe study confirms that mixed rotavirus vaccine schedules are non-inferior to standard RV1 and RV5 regimens in terms of immunogenicity and safety. This finding supports the flexibility of rotavirus vaccination strategies, particularly in contexts of vaccine shortage or logistic constraints. These results contribute to the global effort to optimize rotavirus vaccination programs for broader and more effective pediatric coverage.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02193061.

Abstract Objective: To assess trends in the dietary quality of Mexican adolescents from 2006 to 2018, both overall and by sociodemographic indicators, using adaptations of the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health (PH) recommendations, optimal intake estimated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and 2015 Mexican Dietary Guidelines (MDG) in nationally representative samples. Design: Using dietary data from a semi-quantitative FFQ, dietary quality indexes were constructed as adaptations of three dietary intake recommendations. Trends in adherence to recommendations were evaluated with multivariate quantile regression models with survey year as the main independent variable and adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, dwelling area, geographical region, household assets condition, and student/non-student status. P values and CI were Bonferroni-corrected. Setting: Mexico. Participants: Non-pregnant or lactating adolescents aged 12–19 years (n 16 520). Results: Adherence to the PH index was about 40 %, GBD was nearly 35 % and MDG was about 37 %. The lowest adherences were for added sugars, sugar-sweetened beverages, nuts and seeds, red meats, processed meats, and legumes (

Un análisis de textos psicoanalíticos de Freud y Stoller permite esbozar algunas claves para la definición de la feminidad desde una perspectiva semiótica. Ambos autores describen, a partir de una extensa y minuciosa experiencia clínica, el perfil de pacientes cuya atribución de género —es decir,su pertenencia al grupo de los hombres o al de las mujeres— está distorsionada en alguna medida. Esta transposición de los significantes del fondo a la figura permite establecer una distancia crítica respecto a la codificación de los atributos de género.

Objective. To evaluate the association between life-course leisure-time physical activity (PA) and prostate cancer (PC) among males living in Mexico City. Materials and meth­ods. Information from 394 incident PC cases and 794 popula­tion controls matched by age (± 5 years), was analyzed. Using leisure-time PA information at different life stages, life-course PA patterns were constructed. The association between PA and PC was estimated using an unconditional logistic regres­sion model. Results. Three life-course PA patterns were identified: low PA (71.0%), moderate PA (22.0%), and high PA (7.0%); this last pattern was characterized by higher levels and consistent PA practice. Compared with inactive males, those in the high PA pattern (OR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.26-0.93) had significantly lower PC odds. Conclusion. Intense and regular PA could reduce the possibility of PC. These results are in accordance with PA World Health Organization rec­ommendations.

IntroductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers inflammatory clinical stages that affect the outcome of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Disease severity may be associated with a metabolic imbalance related to amino acids, lipids, and energy-generating pathways. The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of amino acids and acylcarnitines in COVID-19 patients. A multicenter, cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 453 individuals were classified by disease severity. Levels of 11 amino acids, 31 acylcarnitines, and succinylacetone in serum samples were analyzed by electrospray ionization–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Different clusters were observed in partial least squares discriminant analysis, with phenylalanine, alanine, citrulline, proline, and succinylacetone providing the major contribution to the variability in each cluster (variable importance in the projection >1.5). In logistic models adjusted by age, sex, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and nutritional status, phenylalanine was associated with critical outcomes (odds ratio=5.3 (95% CI 3.16-9.2) in the severe vs. critical model, with an area under the curve of 0.84 (95% CI 0.77-0.90). In conclusion the metabolic imbalance in COVID-19 patients might affect disease progression. This work shows an association of phenylalanine with critical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, highlighting phenylalanine as a potential metabolic biomarker of disease severity.

Abstract Background Familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG) is a partially characterized primary dyslipidemia which is frequently confused with other forms hypertriglyceridemia. The aim of this work is to search for specific features that can help physicians recognize this disease. Methods This study included 84 FHTG cases, 728 subjects with common mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia (CHTG) and 609 normotriglyceridemic controls. All subjects underwent genetic, clinical and biochemical assessments. A set of 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with triglycerides levels, as well as 37 rare variants within the five main genes associated with hypertriglyceridemia (i.e. LPL, APOC2, APOA5, LMF1 and GPIHBP1) were analyzed. A panel of endocrine regulatory proteins associated with triglycerides homeostasis were compared between the FHTG and CHTG groups. Results Apolipoprotein B, fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF-21), angiopoietin-like proteins 3 (ANGPTL3) and apolipoprotein A-II concentrations, were independent components of a model to detect FHTG compared with CHTG (AUC 0.948, 95%CI 0.901–0.970, 98.5% sensitivity, 92.2% specificity, P

Abstract Background Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a prevalent and potentially reversible intermediate stage leading to type 2 diabetes that increases risk for cardiometabolic complications. The identification of clinical and molecular factors associated with the reversal, or regression, from IFG to a normoglycemia state would enable more efficient cardiovascular risk reduction strategies. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and biological predictors of regression to normoglycemia in a non-European population characterized by high rates of type 2 diabetes. Methods We conducted a prospective, population-based study among 9637 Mexican individuals using clinical features and plasma metabolites. Among them, 491 subjects were classified as IFG, defined as fasting glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dL at baseline. Regression to normoglycemia was defined by fasting glucose less than 100 mg/dL in the follow-up visit. Plasma metabolites were profiled by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Multivariable cox regression models were used to examine the associations of clinical and metabolomic factors with regression to normoglycemia. We assessed the predictive capability of models that included clinical factors alone and models that included clinical factors and prioritized metabolites. Results During a median follow-up period of 2.5 years, 22.6% of participants (n = 111) regressed to normoglycemia, and 29.5% progressed to type 2 diabetes (n = 145). The multivariate adjusted relative risk of regression to normoglycemia was 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25 to 1.32) per 10 years of age increase, 0.94 (95% CI 0.91–0.98) per 1 SD increase in BMI, and 0.91 (95% CI 0.88–0.95) per 1 SD increase in fasting glucose. A model including information from age, fasting glucose, and BMI showed a good prediction of regression to normoglycemia (AUC = 0.73 (95% CI 0.66–0.78). The improvement after adding information from prioritized metabolites (TG in large HDL, albumin, and citrate) was non-significant (AUC = 0.74 (95% CI 0.68–0.80), p value = 0.485). Conclusion In individuals with IFG, information from three clinical variables easily obtained in the clinical setting showed a good prediction of regression to normoglycemia beyond metabolomic features. Our findings can serve to inform and design future cardiovascular prevention strategies.

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder, has a complex etiology where environmental and genetic factors intervene. While a number of genes and variants have been identified in recent decades as causative or protective agents of this condition, a limited number of studies have been conducted in mixed populations, such as Mexican Mestizos. The historical convergence of two founding groups and three ethnicities, and the increasing north-to-south gradient of Native American ancestry in Mexico resulted in a subpopulation structure with considerable genetic diversity. In this work, we investigate the influence of 21 known susceptibility variants for PD. Our case–control study, with a cohort of 311 Mexican Mestizo subjects, found a significant risk association for the variant rs1491942 in LRRK2. However, when stratification by ancestry was performed, a risk effect for MTHFR rs1801133 was observed only in the group with the highest percentage of European ancestry, and the PD risk effect for LRRK2 rs1491942 was significant in subjects with a higher ratio of Native American ancestry. Meta-analyses of these SNP revealed the effect of LRRK2 rs1491942 to be even more significant than previously described in populations of European descent. Although corroboration is necessary, our findings suggest that polymorphism rs1491942 may be useful as a risk marker of PD in Mexican Mestizos with greater Native American ancestry. The absence of associations with the remaining known risk factors is, in itself, a relevant finding and invites further research into the shared risk factors’ role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of this neurodegenerative disorder.

Current Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) rely on genotype imputation to increase statistical power, improve fine-mapping of association signals, and facilitate meta-analyses. Due to the complex demographic history of Latin America and the lack of balanced representation of Native American genomes in current imputation panels, the discovery of locally relevant disease variants is likely to be missed, limiting the scope and impact of biomedical research in these populations. Therefore, the necessity of better diversity representation in genomic databases is a scientific imperative. Here, we expand the 1,000 Genomes reference panel (1KGP) with 134 Native American genomes (1KGP + NAT) to assess imputation performance in Latin American individuals of mixed ancestry. Our panel increased the number of SNPs above the GWAS quality threshold, thus improving statistical power for association studies in the region. It also increased imputation accuracy, particularly in low-frequency variants segregating in Native American ancestry tracts. The improvement is subtle but consistent across countries and proportional to the number of genomes added from local source populations. To project the potential improvement with a higher number of reference genomes, we performed simulations and found that at least 3,000 Native American genomes are needed to equal the imputation performance of variants in European ancestry tracts. This reflects the concerning imbalance of diversity in current references and highlights the contribution of our work to reducing it while complementing efforts to improve global equity in genomic research.

Abstract Nitrates in drinking water has been associated to adverse health effects, including changes in glucose and lipid levels, thyroid hormone imbalance and adverse reproductive effects. We analyzed metabolic and thyroid hormone alterations and genotoxic damage in women with chronic exposure to nitrates in drinking water. The concentration of nitrates in drinking water was quantified and according to this parameter, participants were divided into three exposure scenarios. Blood and urine samples were collected from 420 women living in Durango, Mexico and biomarkers were determined. We found nitrates concentrations in drinking water above the permissible limit (>50 mg/L), and an increase in the percentage of methemoglobin (p=0.0001), nitrite in blood plasma and urine (p=0.0001), glucose (p=0.0001), total cholesterol (p=0.001), LDL (p=0.001) and triglycerides (p=0.0001). We also found alterations in TSH (p=0.01), fT3 (p=0.0003), T4T (p=0.01) and fT4 (p=0.0004) hormones. Frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism was 8.33%; differences in FOXE1 (rs965513, rs1867277) genotypes distribution were found and both polymorphisms were associated with a decrease in TSH. A high percentage of micronucleus in binucleate lymphocyte cells was found (35%, p=0.0001). In conclusion, the chronic exposure to nitrates in water for human consumption caused metabolic and hormonal alterations and genotoxic damage in women.

Desde el año 2000, la irrupción de la queer theory en América Latina ha generado complejos debates teóricos. Uno de los más álgidos se ha dado en la sociología, donde la sexualidad ha sido un tema de análisis (escueto) desde la década de 1970. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los preceptos conceptuales de los estudios sociológicos y cuir de las sexualidades en México, a partir de la revisión de algunas investigaciones emblemáticas sobre las sexualidades no hegemónicas. Con este trabajo sugerimos que un feminismo sociológico-cuir puede dar cuenta, mediante un diálogo interdisciplinario tenso y situado, de diversos mecanismos de poder que delimitan la sexualidad en México, así como las complejas posibilidades de resignificación de mandatos heteronormativos.

Inbreeding depression has been observed in many different species, but in humans a systematic analysis has been difficult so far. Here, analysing more than 1.3 million individuals, the authors show that a genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) is associated with disadvantageous outcomes in 32 out of 100 traits tested.

Abstract Background Association studies are useful to unravel the genetic basis of common human diseases. However, the presence of undetected population structure can lead to both false positive results and failures to detect genuine associations. Even when most of the approaches to deal with population stratification require genome-wide data, the use of a well-selected panel of ancestry informative markers (AIMs) may appropriately correct for population stratification. Few panels of AIMs have been developed for Latino populations and most contain a high number of markers (> 100 AIMs). For some association studies such as candidate gene approaches, it may be unfeasible to genotype a numerous set of markers to avoid false positive results. In such cases, methods that use fewer AIMs may be appropriate. Results We validated an accurate and cost-effective panel of AIMs, for use in population stratification correction of association studies and global ancestry estimation in Mexicans, as well as in populations having large proportions of both European and Native American ancestries. Based on genome-wide data from 1953 Mexican individuals, we performed a PCA and SNP weights were calculated to select subsets of unlinked AIMs within percentiles 0.10 and 0.90, ensuring that all chromosomes were represented. Correlations between PC1 calculated using genome-wide data versus each subset of AIMs (16, 32, 48 and 64) were r 2 = 0.923, 0.959, 0.972 and 0.978, respectively. When evaluating PCs performance as population stratification adjustment covariates, no correlation was found between P values obtained from uncorrected and genome-wide corrected association analyses (r 2 = 0.141), highlighting that population stratification correction is compulsory for association analyses in admixed populations. In contrast, high correlations were found when adjusting for both PC1 and PC2 for either subset of AIMs (r 2 > 0.900). After multiple validations, including an independent sample, we selected a minimal panel of 32 AIMs, which are highly informative of the major ancestral components of Mexican mestizos, namely European and Native American ancestries. Finally, the correlation between the global ancestry proportions calculated using genome-wide data and our panel of 32 AIMs was r 2 = 0.972. Conclusions Our panel of 32 AIMs accurately estimated global ancestry and corrected for population stratification in association studies in Mexican individuals.

Abstract Background FSHR SNPs may influence the ovarian sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous FSH stimulation. Given the paucity of data on the FSHR c.919A > G, c.2039A > G and − 29G > A SNPs in Hispanic population, we here analyzed their frequency distribution in Mexican mestizo women. Methods Samples from 224 Mexican mestizo women enrolled in an IVF program as well as a genotype database from 8182 Mexican mestizo subjects, were analyzed for FSHR SNPs at positions c.919, c.2039 and − 29G > A. Association between the genetic variants and reproductive outcomes was assessed. Results The c.919 and c.2039 SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium and their corresponding genotype frequencies in the IVF group were: AA 46.8%, AG 44.2%, and GG 8.9%, and AA 41.9%, AG 48.2% and GG 9.8%, respectively. For the -29G > A SNP, genotype frequencies were 27% (GG), 50% (GA) and 23% (AA). In normal oocyte donors with the c.2039 GG genotype, the number of oocytes recovered after ovarian stimulation (COS) were significantly (p A SNP. Analysis of the large scale database revealed that both allelic and genotype frequencies for the three SNPs were very similar to those detected in the IVF cohort (p ≥ 0.38) and that female carriers of the c.2039 G allele tended to present lower number of pregnancies than women bearing the AA genotype; this trend was stronger when women with more Native American ancestry was separately analyzed (OR = 2.0, C.I. 95% 1.03–3.90, p = 0.04). There were no differences or trends in the number of pregnancies among the different genotypes of the -29G > A SNP. Conclusions The frequency of the GG/GG combination genotype for the c.919 and c.2039 SNPs in Mexican hispanics is among the lowest reported. The GG genotype is associated with decreased number of oocytes recovered in response to COS as well as to lower pregnancy rates in Hispanic women from the general population. The absence of any effect of the -29AA genotype on the response to COS, indicates that there is no need to perform this particular genotype testing in Hispanic women with the purpose of providing an individually-tailored COS protocol.

Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre la exposición a contaminantes atmosféricos y marcadores de estrés oxidativo, por un lado, y la función pulmonar, por el otro, en escolares, con y sin asma, de las ciudades de Salamanca y León, en Guanajuato, México. Material y métodos. Se realizaron determinaciones de marcadores de estrés oxidativo y pruebas de función pulmonar en 314 escolares, y se obtuvo información sobre contaminantes atmosféricos (ozono, dióxido de azufre, monóxido de carbono y partículas menores de 2.5 μm y menores de 10 μm) de las estaciones de monitoreo correspondientes. Para evaluar la asociación se corrieron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados. Con un día de retraso a la exposición a partículas menores de 10 μm (PM10), se observó un incremento de 0.09 pmol en los dienos conjugados entre niños asmáticos de Salamanca (p

Here, Imamuraet al. conduct meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to identify novel susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Japanese population. By doing so, this study shows that both ethnicity-specific and ethnically-shared genetic loci can contribute to T2D risk.

La noción de performatividad fue introducida en el debate feminista por Judith Butler, quien postula que el género es una producción simbólica realizada mediante actos de significación. En este artículo nos proponemos analizar el sexismo en la vida cotidiana de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México como un fenómeno que tiene lugar en procesos de comunicación que se llevan a cabo en interacciones cara a cara como actos de habla y performances cuya puesta en escena ritualizada es el mecanismo de su propia realización y reproducción. Analizamos cuatro instancias de sexismo para discernir los resortes que están en juego cuando se verifican actos cuyo objetivo es “poner a una persona en su lugar”, reivindicar la supremacía varonil o cosificar a las mujeres como objetos sexuales.

The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability (h2) and genetic correlation (ρG) between GERD symptoms severity, metabolic syndrome components, and inflammation markers in Mexican families.Cross-sectional study which included 32 extended families resident in Mexico City. GERD symptoms severity was assessed by the ReQuest in Practice questionnaire. Heritability and genetic correlation were determined using the Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines software.585 subjects were included, the mean age was 42 (±16.7) years, 57% were women. The heritability of the severity of some GERD symptoms was h2 = 0.27, 0.27, 0.37, and 0.34 (p-value

A partir de dos imágenes míticas (una procedente de la Grecia clásica, el “cuerpo resplandeciente”, y otra de los albores del cristianismo, el “cuerpo celestial”) se reflexiona sobre la lógica simbólica de la exclusión tal como se pone en acto dentro del escenario de cuatro momentos del espectáculo deportivo olímpico. El primero es la invención del amateurismo en la filosofía deportiva del Barón de Coubertin, o la exclusión de clase. El segundo, las jornadas antropológicas en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1904 en San Luis Missouri, o la exclusión étnica. El tercero, el Desfile de las Naciones en Berlín 1936, o la supremacía nacional. El cuarto, la introducción de la prueba de sexo en México 1968, o la exclusión de género. De esta forma se re-conecta la configuración del cuerpo imaginado/imaginario con las prácticas y las políticas que darán como resultado una racionalidad antropológica de la discriminación.

Based on two mythic figures − one belonging to classic Greece (the “Glowing Body”), and another to primitive Christianity (the “Heavenly Body”) − I reflect on the symbolic logic of exclusion as enacted in four moments in the history of the Olympic Games. The first has to do with the invention of amateurism in the sporting philosophy of Coubertin, or the class exclusion. The second refers to the Anthropology Days held at the 1904 Olympic Games in Saint Louis (Missouri), or the ethnic/racial exclusion. The third is the Berlin Parade of Nations in 1936, or the national supremacy. The fourth explores the introduction of gender verification in Mexico City (1968), or the gender exclusion. In this fashion, we re-connect the imagined/imaginary configuration of the body with practices and politics which will result in an anthropological rationalization of discrimination.

La tradición del boxeo ha generado un sistema de enseñanza de la disciplina que se extiende en el tiempo y en el espacio con notable regularidad. Al tiempo que reproduce una serie de tecnologías del yo (Foucault), se inscribe en un orden simbólico que otorga valores y lugares jerárquicos en función del género, por lo cual sostenemos que se trata de una tecnología de género (De Lauretis). La investigación empírica que se presenta en este artículo permite observar cómo el aprendizaje de la práctica boxística integra a los peleadores en una estructura social compleja, separada y defendida como un coto de exclusividad masculina con un funcionamiento que abarca varias dimensiones del cuerpo, el género y la educación.

OBJETIVO:Evaluar la relación entre la dieta y el desarrollo de asma y rinitis alérgica en escolares de Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se aplicó el cuestionario ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) a 5 460 niños de entre 6 a 8 y 11 a 14 años de edad, de nivel primaria, seleccionados de manera aleatoria. Se formaron seis grupos de alimentos a partir de un análisis de clusters jerárquico y se evaluó la relación con los padecimientos a través de modelos de regresión logística. RESULTADOS:El consumo de comida rápida tuvo un efecto adverso sobre la sibilancia actual (RM=1.82; IC95%=1.16-2.87) y el consumo de golosinas sobre más de tres episodios de sibilancia (RM=2.26; IC95%=1.04-4.95) y síntomas nasales sin gripa o catarro (RM=1.35; IC95%=1.06-1.71). CONCLUSIONES:Este estudio provee evidencia de que la dieta juega un papel muy importante, ya que el consumo abundante de comida rápida y golosinas incrementa el riesgo de asma y rinitis.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relation between diet and the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis in schoolchildren from Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS:We apply the ISAAC's questionnaire in 5460 schoolchildren from 6 to 8 and 11-14-year-old of elementary level selected in random form. Six groups of food were formed using a hierarchic clusters analysis and the association was evaluated using logistic regression models. RESULTS:The consumption of fast food had an adverse effect for current wheezing (OR=1.82; CI95%=1.16-2.87) and the consumption of tidbits for more than three episodes of wheezing (OR=2.26; CI95%=1.04-4.95) and nasal symptoms without cold, OR=1.35 (IC95%;1.06-1.71). CONCLUSIONS:This study provides evidence that the diet plays a very important role since the high consumption of fast food and tidbits increased the risk of asthma and rhinitis symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: A study was conducted to evaluate personal ozone exposure (O3p) among asthmatic children residing in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 158 chil-dren were recruited from December 1998 to April 2000. On average, three O3p measurements were obtained per child using passive badges. Time-activity patterns were recorded in a diary. Daily ambient ozone measurements (O3a) were obtained from the fixed station, according to children’s residence. Levels of O3a and ozone, weighted by time spent in different micro-environments (O3w), were used as independent variables in order to model O3p concentrations using a mixed-effects model. RESULTS: Mean O3p was 7.8 ppb. The main variables in the model were: time spent indoors, distance between residence and fixed station, follow-up group, and two interaction terms (overall R²=0.50, pOBJETIVO: Realizamos este estudio para evaluar la exposición personal a ozono (O3p) en niños asmáticos de la Ciudad de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 158 niños entre diciembre de 1998 y abril de 2000. En promedio se obtuvieron tres mediciones por niño, utilizando filtros pasivos para medir O3p. Se caracterizaron los patrones de actividad y las concentraciones ambientales diarias de ozono (O3a) se obtuvieron de estaciones fijas cercanas a la residencia del niño. Los niveles promedio de O3a y las concentraciones ponderadas por el tiempo en diferentes microambientes (O3w) fueron usados como variables independientes para modelar las concentraciones de O3p, utilizando modelos de efectos mixtos. RESULTADOS: La media de O3p fue 7.8 ppb. Las principales variables en el modelo fueron: tiempo en exteriores, distancia, periodo de seguimiento y dos términos de interacción (R²=0.50, p

La prevalencia de obesidad durante la niñez y adolescencia se ha incrementado en México, pudiendo explicarse por un decremento en la actividad física. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre la prevalencia de obesidad o sobrepeso con niveles de actividad e inactividad física en adolescentes mexicanos. Se utilizó información de 446 adolescentes de entre 12 y 17 años, que acudían a escuelas públicas secundarias en Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Se empleó un diseño longitudinal con 2 mediciones, basal y final. Se captó información antropométrica, actividad e inactividad física, edad y sexo. Se calculó la prevalencia de obesidad o sobrepeso de acuerdo al criterio propuesto por el International Obesity Task Force, y se estimaron razones de momios o posibilidades mediante regresión logística. La prevalencia basal de obesidad o sobrepeso fue de 37.21% (42.99% para hombres y 30.95% para mujeres) y la final de 35.50% (38.46% para hombres y 32.28% para mujeres). La media final de tiempo total viendo TV fue de 3.90 h/d, de actividad vigorosa 0.73 h/d y de moderada 0.58 h/d. Ajustando el efecto de obesidad o sobrepeso inicial, sexo y escuela, no se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre tiempo viendo televisión o practicando actividad física con la prevalencia de obesidad o sobrepeso. Al incluir un término de interacción por sexo en nuestros modelos se encontró un efecto protector de la actividad vigorosa en los adolescentes varones (â=0.22, IC 95% (0.05, 0.89)). Los resultados sugieren que la actividad física vigorosa disminuye el riesgo de obesidad o sobrepeso en adolescentes varonesObesity, physical activity and inactivity among adolescents in Morelos, Mexico: a longitudinal study. The prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence has increased in Mexico. This increase can be explained partly by a decrease in physical activity. The objective of this study was to assess the association between the prevalence of obesity and overweight with physical activity and inactivity among Mexican adolescents. We analyzed data from a longitudinal study with baseline and follow-up measures in 446 adolescents 12 to 17 years old, attending public schools in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. We collected information on weight, physical activity and demographic characteristics. Obesity and overweight were determined using as indicador the body mass index, and the cutoff points proposed by the International Obesity Task Force. The baseline prevalence of obesity or overweight was 37.22% (42.99% for males and 30.95% for females), and in the final measure 34.30% (38.46 % for males and 32.28% for females). The median time of TV viewing was 3.90 h/d, with 0.73 h/d dedicated to vigorous physical activity and 0.58 h/d to moderate physical activity. Using logistic regression, after adjustment for obesity in the baseline measure, sex and clustering by school, we found no significant associations between the prevalence of obesity or overweight with time dedicated to TV viewing, vigorous or moderate physical activity. However, when conducting the analysis with an interaction term by sex, we found significantly lower risk of obesity or overweight associated with an increase in vigorous physical activity among males only (â=0.22, 95% CI (0.05, 0.89). Results suggest that vigorous physical activity may reduce the risk of obesity or overweight among male adolescents

OBJETIVO: Determinar la concordancia entre el pico espiratorio forzado (PEF) registrado por padres de niños asmáticos y el PEF electrónico que es el almacenado en el AirWatch (PEFe). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se obtuvo el PEF de 42 niños de 5 a 15 años de edad del Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez de la Ciudad de México entre octubre de 1998 y 1999. Los padres registraron el valor máximo del PEF en un diario de salud. Se calculó la correlación de Spearman entre el PEFe y el PEFr. Utilizamos un modelo logístico de efectos mixtos. RESULTADOS: La correlación del PEFe y el PEFr fue r= 0.96 (pOBJECTIVE: To determine the concordance between maximum peak expiratory flow records (PEFr) reported by the parents of asthmatic children and the electronic values stored by the AirWatch device (PEFe). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Records of PEF measurements between October 1998 and 1999 were obtained from 42 asthmatic children 5 to 15 years of age recruited at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, in Mexico City. Parents recorded the maximum value in the health diary. Spearman correlation was calculated between PEFe and PEFr and a mixed-effects logistic model was used. RESULTS: The correlation between PEFe and PEFr was r=0.96 (p

Epidemiological and physiological similarities among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) suggest that both diseases, share a common genetic background. T2D risk variants have been associated to GDM susceptibility. However, the genetic architecture of GDM is not yet completely understood. We analyzed 176 SNPs for 115 loci previously associated to T2D, GDM and body mass index (BMI), as well as a set of 118 Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs), in 750 pregnant Mexican women. Association with GDM was found for two of the most frequently replicated T2D loci: a TCF7L2 haplotype (CTTC: rs7901695, rs4506565, rs7903146, rs12243326; P=2.16 x 10(-06); OR=2.95) and a KCNQ1 haplotype (TTT: rs2237892, rs163184, rs2237897; P=1.98 x 10(-05); OR=0.55). In addition, we found two loci associated to glycemic traits: CENTD2 (60' OGTT glycemia: rs1552224, P=0.03727) and MTNR1B (HOMA B: rs1387153, P=0.05358). Remarkably, a major susceptibility SLC16A11 locus for T2D in Mexicans was not shown to play a role in GDM risk. The fact that two of the main T2D associated loci also contribute to the risk of developing GDM in Mexicans, confirm that both diseases share a common genetic background. However, lack of association with a Native American contribution T2D risk haplotype, SLC16A11, suggests that other genetic mechanisms may be in play for GDM.

OBJECTIVE: To assess breast-feeding (BF) practices and determinants of exclusive BF (EBF) OBJETIVO: Evaluar las prácticas de lactancia y las determinantes de la lactancia exclusiva (LE) hasta

The notion of "technologies of gender" is an important conceptual tool in the study of sports as realm of gender exclusion, discrimination and segregation. It allows the understanding of the historic creation of an exclusive preserve for the masculinity and a meaning system where values and traits of a sexed world are defi ned, but even the material production of the bodies with disciplinary practices which enhance and aggravate distinctive features for the representation of gender in social life. The contributions of Iris Marion Young, Teresa de Lauretis, Michel Foucault and Erving Goff man are a crucial standing point for this reflection.

La prevalencia de obesidad durante la niñez y adolescencia se ha incrementado en México, pudiendo explicarse por un decremento en la actividad física. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre la prevalencia de obesidad o sobrepeso con niveles de actividad e inactividad física en adolescentes mexicanos. Se utilizó información de 446 adolescentes de entre 12 y 17 años, que acudían a escuelas públicas secundarias en Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Se empleó un diseño longitudinal con 2 mediciones, basal y final. Se captó información antropométrica, actividad e inactividad física, edad y sexo. Se calculó la prevalencia de obesidad o sobrepeso de acuerdo al criterio propuesto por el International Obesity Task Force, y se estimaron razones de momios o posibilidades mediante regresión logística. La prevalencia basal de obesidad o sobrepeso fue de 37.21% (42.99% para hombres y 30.95% para mujeres) y la final de 35.50% (38.46% para hombres y 32.28% para mujeres). La media final de tiempo total viendo TV fue de 3.90 h/d, de actividad vigorosa 0.73 h/d y de moderada 0.58 h/d. Ajustando el efecto de obesidad o sobrepeso inicial, sexo y escuela, no se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre tiempo viendo televisión o practicando actividad física con la prevalencia de obesidad o sobrepeso. Al incluir un término de interacción por sexo en nuestros modelos se encontró un efecto protector de la actividad vigorosa en los adolescentes varones (â=0.22, IC 95% (0.05, 0.89)). Los resultados sugieren que la actividad física vigorosa disminuye el riesgo de obesidad o sobrepeso en adolescentes varones