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Modified Renshen Wumei decoction (MRWD), a famous traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for treating persistent diarrhoea. However, the mechanism by which MRWD regulates diarrhoea remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the protective effects of MRWD on intestinal barrier integrity in a diarrhoea model. In total, 48 male rats were randomly distributed to four treatment groups: the blank group (CK group), model group (MC group), Medilac-Vita group (MV group) and Chinese herb group (MRWD group). After a 10-day experiment, serum and colon samples were assessed. The diarrhoea index, pathological examination findings and change in D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) contents illustrated that the induction of diarrhoea caused intestinal injury, which was ameliorated by MV and MRWD infusion. Metabolomics analysis identified several metabolites in the serum. Some critical metabolites, such as phosphoric acid, taurine, cortisone, leukotriene B4 and calcitriol, were found to be significantly elevated by MRWD infusion. Importantly, these differences correlated with mineral absorption and metabolism and peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors (PPARs) pathways. Moreover, it significantly increased the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB p65 proteins and the contents of IL-1 and TNF-α, while the expression levels of occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1 proteins decreased. These deleterious effects were significantly alleviated by MV and MRWD infusion. Our findings indicate that MRWD infusion helps alleviate diarrhoea, possibly by maintaining electrolyte homeostasis, improving the intestinal barrier integrity and inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB axis.

To investigate the effects of Xiaoning liquid on gut microbiota in mouse during asthma. A total of 60 mice were randomly and averagely assigned to healthy control group, control group, budesonide group, and Xiaoning liquid group. The later three groups were used to establish an Ovalbumin (OVA) asthma model. The intestinal bacterial communities were compared among groups using 16S rRNA gene amplification. Analyzing the structure of gut microbiota with OTU analysis, Shannon-Wiener, PCA, PCOA, etc. 16S rDNA high- throughput sequencing. The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota in asthmatic mice increased, most obviously in the control group. The Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes levels increased in all asthmatic mice. The level of Bacteroides increased most obviously, making Bacteroides a useful marker of gut microbiota changes in asthmatic mice. The levels of Proteobacterium, Deferribacteraceae and Mucispirillum dropped significantly in the Xiaoning liquid group. Xiaoning liquid can reduce the species and numbers of pathogenic bacteria and restored the intestinal microecology of asthmatic mice. Xiaoning liquid has a positive effect on the function of gut microbiota.

Based on CFPS data, the article analyzes the impact of social capital on the utilization of medical services by rural residents in China using binary logit and multinomial logit models. The social capital includes two dimensions: cognitive social capital and structural social capital, and the indicators of medical service utilization are “whether to seek medical treatment when sick” and “choice of medical institution”. This paper concludes that: (1) among the cognitive social capital, special trust and religious beliefs have a significant positive influence on whether rural residents choose to seek medical treatment when they are sick; (2) among the structural social capital, social participation has a significant positive influence on choice of medical institution, and social network has a significant positive influence on the choice of township health center, specialty hospital, and general hospital. According to the empirical results, this paper proposes the following suggestions. The trust mechanism of rural society should be reconstructed, the positive role of religious beliefs should be given full play, the healthy development of social networks should be promoted, and the rural social organizations should be fostered and developed.

Background: To investigate the effects of Xiaoning liquid on gut microbiota in mouse during asthma.Methods: A total of 60 mice were randomly and averagely assigned to healthy control group, control group, budesonide group, and Xiaoning liquid group. The later three groups were used to establish an Ovalbumin (OVA) asthma model. The intestinal bacterial communities were compared among groups using 16S rRNA gene amplification. Analyzing the structure of gut microbiota with OTU analysis, Shannon–Wiener, PCA, PCOA, etc. 16s rDNA high- throughput sequencing. Results: The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota in asthmatic mice increased, most obviously in the control group. The Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes levels increased in all asthmatic mice. The level of Bacteroides increased most obviously, making Bacteroides a useful marker of gut microbiota changes in asthmatic mice. The levels of Proteobacterium, Deferribacteraceae and Mucispirillum dropped significantly in the Xiaoning liquid group. Conclusions: Xiaoning liquid can reduce the species and numbers of pathogenic bacteria and restored the intestinal microecology of asthmatic mice. Xiaoning liquid has a positive effect on the function of gut microbiota.

Total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MMHg) were investigated in 259 wild plants belonging to 49 species in 29 families that grew in heavily Hg-contaminated wastelands composed of cinnabar ore mine tailings (calcines) in the Wanshan region, southwestern China, the world's third largest Hg mining district. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of THg and MMHg from soil to roots ([THg]root/[THg]soil, [MMHg]root/[MMHg]soil) were evaluated. The results showed that THg and MMHg in both plants and soils varied widely, with ranges of 0.076–140 μg/g THg and 0.19–87 ng/g MMHg in roots, 0.19–106 μg/g THg and 0.06–31 ng/g MMHg in shoots, and 0.74–1440 μg/g THg and 0.41–820 ng/g MMHg in soil. Among all investigated species, Arthraxon hispidus, Eremochloa ciliaris, Clerodendrum bunge, and Ixeris sonchifolia had significantly elevated concentrations of THg in shoots and/or roots that reached 100 μg/g, whereas Chenopodium glaucum, Corydalisedulis maxim, and Rumex acetosa contained low values below 0.5 μg/g. In addition to the high THg concentrations, the fern E. ciliaris also showed high BCF values for both THg and MMHg exceeding 1.0, suggesting its capability to extract Hg from soils. Considering its dominance and the tolerance identified in the present study, E. ciliaris is suggested to be a practical candidate for phytoextraction, whereas A. hispidus is identified as a potential candidate for phytostabilization of Hg mining-contaminated soils.

Evodiamine is an indoloquinazoline alkaloid isolated from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa, which has a wide range of pharmacological effects like anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. This study was intended to investigate the metabolic characteristics of evodiamine in human liver microsomes and hepatocytes by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a Q Exactive mass spectrometer. A total of 12 phase I metabolites were detected in human liver microsomes; whereas in human hepatocytes 19 metabolites, including seven phase II metabolites were detected. The structures of the metabolites were characterized based on their accurate masses, fragment ions, and chromatographic retention times. Four metabolites (M1, M2, M5, and M7) were further unambiguously confirmed by matching their retention times, accurate masses, and fragment ions with those of their reference standards. Among these metabolites, 12 metabolites are first identified (M2, M5–M8, M10–M13, and M17–M19). The current study revealed that oxygenation, N-demethylation, dehydrogenation, glucuronidation, and GSH conjugation were the major metabolic pathways for evodiamine. This study elucidated the detailed metabolite profiles of evodiamine, which is helpful in predicting in vivo metabolism of evodiamine in human and in understanding the elimination mechanism of evodiamine and in turn, the effectiveness and toxicity.

Stress distribution of the thin circular quartz crystal has been analyzed by ANSYS finite element simulation when subjected to radial force. A quartz crystal resonator with same base and different electrode is designed according to the vibrancy theory of quartz crystal. When putting on the radial force, we research the force sensitive nature of this resonator and its relationship with the force azimuth. The results show that, It is closely to the resonator structure and the force position, that the force sensitive character of quartz resonator with same crystal and different position. Selecting the appropriate force position, we can receive greater diversity of force sensitivity. The output using difference frequency between the different resonators can suppress interference factors. Making the difference frequency signal as a superposition of complex processing can enhance this resonator overall force sensitive. With the difference frequency and signaling complex, the force - frequency conversion factor of this resonator is up to 500Hz/N.

A signal processing scheme based on single chip has been propounded according to Single-Base Three-Electrode structure of the quartz resonator. The microcontroller as the central control unit counts the frequency signals of three electrodes step by step: measuring difference frequency signals among three electrodes and then send them to make sum and frequency multiplication. The output is measured by the display circuit. The results show that the signal extraction approach is simplified and it reduces the influence of interference factors related to output so as to improve the force sensitive property of resonator.

Organizational citizenship behavior is a hot topic in the area of modern human resources management, which focuses on the initiative behaviors beyond the requirements of position duties. OCB can influence organizational performance by increasing the ability of employees, motivating intrinsically, extending resources and creating favorable environments. There are mainly four factors affecting the organizational citizenship behaviors, including personality, organizational system, work and leadership style. In order to encourage staff to show more and more organizational citizenship behaviors, the company needs to control the "doorway" of talents strictly, improve the organizational system, job redesign and change leadership style.