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Shensong Yangxin (SSYX) is a traditional Chinese medicine been widely used clinically to treat various arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the role and precise mechanism of SSYX in MS-induced AF have not yet been elucidated.To elucidate the protective effects of SSYX on MS-induced AF and its possible mechanisms of action.Male Wistar rats (180-220 g) were fed a 16-week high-carbohydrate, high-fat (HCHF) diet together with 25% fructose in drinking water to produce a MS model. Low-concentration (SSYX-L, 0.4 g/kg) and high-concentration (SSYX-H, 0.8 g/kg) of SSYX were given by daily gavage 8-weeks following HCHF diet for 8-weeks. In vivo electrophysiological study, histological analysis, RNA-sequence (RNA-Seq) and gene ontology (GO) analysis, qRT-PCR and western blot were performed.Both low-concentration and high-concentration of SSYX could inhibit MS-induced AF susceptibility, electrical remodeling and structural remodeling. Results from RNA-sequence analysis revealed intracellular iron homeostasis mediated the protective effect of SSYX against MS. In vivo and in vitro experiments both demonstrated that SSYX up-regulated ferroportin (Fpn) expression and ameliorated intracellular iron overload induced by MS. To verified whether Fpn is the target of SSYX and intracellular iron overload mediated the protective effect of SSYX against MS, adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9) delivery system was used. Knocking down Fpn (AAV9-shFpn) markedly aggravated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, electrical remodeling and atrial fibrosis induced by MS, leading to a further increase of AF susceptibility induced by MS.Our study demonstrated for the first time that SSYX reduced AF susceptibility, inhibited electrical remodeling and structural remodeling via up-regulating Fpn, decreasing intracellular iron overload and reducing ROS production. These results suggest that SSYX might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS-induced AF.

Aims Myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1) is expressed in the mammalian heart and exerts an anti‐arrhythmic effect. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is closely related to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The potential impact of MD1 on AF vulnerability in an HFpEF model is not clear. Methods and results MD1 knock‐out and wild‐type (WT) mice were subjected to uninephrectomy and continuous saline or d‐aldosterone infusion and given 1% sodium chloride drinking water for 4 weeks. Echocardiographic and haemodynamic measurements, electrophysiological studies, Masson staining, and molecular analysis were performed. Aldosterone‐infused WT mice develop HFpEF with left ventricular hypertrophy, moderate hypertension, pulmonary congestion, and diastolic dysfunction. Aldosterone infusion increased the vulnerability of WT mice to AF, as shown by a prolonged interatrial conduction time, shortened effective refractory period, and higher incidence of AF. In addition, aldosterone infusion increased myocardial fibrosis and inflammation, decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase 2a protein expression and the phosphorylation of phospholamban at Thr17, and increased sodium/calcium exchanger 1 protein expression and the phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor 2 in WT mice. All of the above adverse effects of aldosterone infusion were further exacerbated in MD1 knock‐out mice compare with WT mice. Mechanistically, MD1 deletion increased the activation of the toll‐like receptor 4/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II signalling pathway in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Conclusions MD1 deficiency increases the vulnerability of HFpEF mice to AF. This is mainly caused by aggravated maladaptive left atrial fibrosis and inflammation and worsened dysregulation of calcium handling, which is induced by the enhanced activation of the toll‐like receptor 4/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II signalling pathway.

Silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) can alloy with lithium to achieve high theoretical specific capacities (3579 mAh/g for Li15Si4 and 1384 mAh/g for Li15Ge4), which are several times greater than commercial graphite (372 mAh/g). However, they exhibit significant volume and crystal structural change during cycling processes, leading to structural pulverization and loss of electrical conduction paths between individual active materials and current collector. We report a non-carbon based free standing electrodes fabricated by directly mixing Si and Ge nanowires with Cu nanowires as lithium ion battery anodes. The one dimensional nanostructure of Si (Ge) and Cu provide good charge transport along their length and many contact points were formed between NWs after annealing process. The nanowire composites have several advantages compared to the conventional electrode that slurry materials are coated on a metal foil. For example, the weight is lighter than conventional electrodes because it does not need a current collector and is fabricated without any additives, and binders. Moreover, the space among the nanowires can accommodate the volume contraction of Si (Ge) during alloying and dealloying process and enhance the electrolyte penetration.

In our previous studies, we reported that myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1) serves as a negative regulator in several cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of MD1 in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and the underlying mechanisms of its action remain unclear. Eight‐week‐old MD1‐knockout (MD1‐KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice served as models of HFpEF induced by uninephrectomy, continuous saline or d‐aldosterone infusion and a 1.0% sodium chloride treatment in drinking water for 4 weeks to investigate the effect of MD1 on HFpEF in vivo. H9C2 cells were treated with aldosterone to evaluate the role of MD1 KO in vitro. MD1 expression was down‐regulated in the HFpEF mice; HFpEF significantly increased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted autophagy; and in the MD1‐KO mice, the HFpEF‐induced intracellular ROS and autophagy effects were significantly exacerbated. Moreover, MD1 loss activated the p38‐MAPK pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Aldosterone‐mediated cardiomyocyte autophagy was significantly inhibited in cells pre‐treated with the ROS scavenger N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) or p38 inhibitor SB203580. Furthermore, inhibition with the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) offset the aggravating effect of aldosterone‐induced autophagy in the MD1‐KO mice and cells both in vivo and in vitro. Our results validate a critical role of MD1 in the pathogenesis of HFpEF. MD1 deletion exaggerates cardiomyocyte autophagy in HFpEF via the activation of the ROS‐mediated MAPK signalling pathway.

Background: Upright T wave in lead aVR (TaVR) has recently been reported to be associated with cardiovascular death and mortality in general population and in patients with prior cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the evidence for the predictive ability of TaVR in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) is lacking. Methods: A total of 625 consecutive patients with IS (mean age: 66 ± 12 years; 379 male) were enrolled in this study between January 2013 and December 2014. Patients were divided into upright TaVR (≥0 mV; n = 201) and negative TaVR ( 450 ms, higher rate of negative T in lead II, higher rate of negative T in lead V6, higher rate of ST depression, and longer QTc duration. During the mean follow-up period of 20.0 ± 5.8 months, 29 (4.6%) patients experienced all-cause death and 12 (1.9%) patients experienced cardiovascular death, the primary end point. Concomitantly, 94 (15%) patients experienced recurrence of IS, the secondary end point. After adjusting for clinical covariates, upright TaVR was independently associated with all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR): 2.88, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.07-7.73], cardiovascular death (HR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.07-8.64), and IS recurrence (HR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.08-3.20). Conclusions: Upright TaVR in patients with IS is associated with increased mortality and recurrence of IS. Key words: T wave in lead aVR; Ischemic stroke; Prognosis

Background: The sigma receptors are a relatively novel receptor group with respect to knowledge of their effect on health. Although the sigma-1 receptor agonist PRE-084 exhibits a cardioprotective effect in some studies, the benefits in cases of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) are not clear. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of action and assess the effect of PRE-084 on myocardial I/R injury in rats. Methods: In this study, rats were assigned randomly to three groups with computer (n = 14 for each group): a sham group, an I/R group, and a PRE-084 group. In the PRE-084 group, rats were administered PRE-084 1 h before operation. In the myocardial I/R model, the left anterior descending branch of rats was ligated and opened half an hour later. Cardiac function was assessed, and the apoptosis index was evaluated. The mechanisms of the cardioprotective effects of PRE-084 were explored. Results: PRE-084 pretreatment preserved cardiac function and reduced myocardial apoptosis (F = 86.0, P < 0.01) with Western blotting analysis, showing significantly reduced expression of Bax (F = 75.7, P < 0.01) and cleaved-caspase 3 (F = 44.7, P < 0.01), along with increased expression of the Bcl-2 protein (P < 0.01) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) (P < 0.01) and phosphorylated-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS; P < 0.01). Conclusion: PRE-084 preserved cardiac function and reduced myocardial apoptosis through the activation of Akt and eNOS. Key words: Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion; PRE-084; Sigma-1 Receptor

Objective: Previous studies of ambient air pollutants and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) have yielded mixed results, and the association between air pollution and ventricular arrhythmias in these patients remains unclear. This study aimed to assess and quantify the association between exposure to major air pollutants [CO, inhalable particles (PM10), SO2, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), O3, and NO2] and the presence of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with ICD. Methods: The Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Global Health Library, Virtual Health Library, Population Information Online (POPLINE), and New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report databases were searched to identify studies analyzing the association between ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ICD and the abovementioned main air pollutants. Pooled estimates were generated using a random-effects model or fixed-effects model, according to the value of heterogeneity. Heterogeneity within studies was assessed using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. Funnel plots, Egger's regression test, and Begg's rank correlation method were used to evaluate publication bias. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to evaluate the potential sources of heterogeneity. Results: After a detailed screening of 167 studies, seven separate studies were identified. Ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ICD were found to be positively, but not significantly, associated with CO, PM10, SO2, PM2.5, and NO2, with a pooled estimate [odds ratio (OR) associated with each 10 μg/m3 increase in pollutant concentration, except for CO, which was associated with each 1 mg/m3 increase in concentration] of 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-1.17, P = 0.59] for CO, 1.01 (95%CI: 0.97-1.05, P = 0.55) for PM10, 1.09 (95%CI: 0.95-1.24, P = 0.22) for SO2, 1.07 (95%CI: 0.95-1.21, P = 0.25) for PM2.5, and 1.06 (95%CI: 0.98-1.14, P = 0.16) for NO2. No increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ICD was found to be associated with O3 (OR = 1.00; 95%CI: 0.98-1.01, P = 0.56). Conclusions: The results of this study provide little evidence that ambient air pollutants affect the risk of ICD discharges for treating ventricular arrhythmias. Key words: Air pollutants; Ventricular arrhythmia; Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; Systematic review

Major depression is an important clinical factor in ventricular arrhythmia. Patients diagnosed with major depression overexpress N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Previous studies found that chronic NMDAR activation increases susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. We aimed to explore the mechanisms by which NMDAR activation may increase susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. Male rats were randomly assigned to either normal environments as control (CTL) group or 4 wk of chronic mild stress (CMS) to produce a major depression disorder (MDD) model group. After 4 wk of CMS, depression-like behaviors were measured in both groups. Varying doses (1–100 μM) of NMDA and 10 μM NMDA antagonist (MK-801) were perfused through ventricular myocytes isolated from MDD rats to measure the L-type calcium current ( ICa-L) and transient outward potassium current ( Ito). Structural remodeling was assessed using serial histopathology including Masson’s trichrome dye. Electrophysiological characteristics were evaluated using Langendorff perfusion. Depression-like behaviors were observed in MDD rats. MDD rats showed longer action potential durations at 90% repolarization and higher susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias than CTL rats. MDD rats showed lower ICa-L and Ito current densities than CTL rats. Additionally, NMDA reduced both currents in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas there was no significant impact on the currents when perfused with MK-801. MDD rats exhibited significantly more fibrosis areas in heart tissue and reduced expression of Kv4.2, Kv4.3, and Cav1.2. We observed that acute NMDAR activation led to downregulation of potassium and L-type calcium currents in a rat model of depression, which may be the mechanism underlying ventricular arrhythmia promotion by depression.

The CHADSA total of 763 consecutive patients with LS (mean age: 66 ± 12 years; 464 male) were enrolled in this study between January 2013 and December 2014. Patients were divided into LS without AF (LS; n = 679) and LS with AF (LS-AF; n = 84) groups. Measures of performance for the risk scores were evaluated at predicting mortality and restroke in LS-AF and LS without AF patients. All patients were evaluated with respect to clinical features and in-hospital clinical results.During the mean follow-up period of 20 ± 5.8 months, 29 patients (3.8%) experienced all-cause death, 105 patients (13.8%) experienced recurrence of ischemic stroke. Multivariate analysis revealed that CHADSThe CHADS

The present study aimed to assess the effect of sigma-1 receptor (S1R) stimulation on autonomic nerve dysfunction and susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF) in a rat depression model. Male rats were randomly divided into one of the following four treatment groups: saline [control (CTL)]; saline + intragastric administration of SA4503, an agonist of S1R (CTS); chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to produce depression (MDD); and CUMS + intragastric administration of SA4503 (MDS). Depression-like behaviors, such as reduced sucrose preference, decreased body weight gain, and increased immobility time during forced swimming, improved in the MDS group after 4 wk of SA4503 treatment. Compared with rats in the CTL group, rats in the MDD group showed significantly augmented sympathetic activity, reduced parasympathetic activity, decreased heart rate variability, and lowered S1R expression in the atrium and hippocampus (all P < 0.01). However, rats in the MDS group showed mitigated aforementioned alterations and improved electrical remodeling compared with rats in the MDD group (all P < 0.01). Furthermore, rats in the MDS group showed shortened activation latencies, increased effective refractory periods, and lowered frequency of AF incidence duration and fibrosis compared with rats in the MDD group (all P < 0.01). The results indicate that S1R stimulation reduces sympathetic activity and susceptibility to AF by improving depressive behaviors, modulating cardiac autonomic nerve balance, lightening nerve remodeling, and upregulating S1R and ion channel protein expression. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic stimulation of the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) ameliorates depression-induced autonomic nerve dysfunction by modulating the imbalance between overactivated sympathetic activity and decreased vagal activity. Chronic S1R stimulation alleviates atrial electrical remodeling, fibrosis, and susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF). The S1R agonist may target the underlying mechanisms related to AF occurrence. The results indicate that the S1R could be a potential clinical target for atrial arrhythmia, especially when it is combined with major depressive disorders.

Red cell distribution width (RDW) has been associated with heart failure (HF) hospitalization in the general population, but the correlation to HF hospitalization in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is unclear.Ninety-eight HCM patients without a history of HF were enrolled and RDW was assessed as a predictor.During a 16.8 ± 9.0 month follow-up period, 17 subjects were hospitalized due to HF. HF hospitalization patients had higher RDW than non-HF patients (14.7 ± 1.4% versus 13.0 ± 0.9%, P < 0.001). The cut-off value of RDW for predicting HF hospitalization was 14% with a sensitivity of 83.2% and a specificity of 82.7%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that brain natriuretic protein (BNP) (HR 1.028, 95% CI 1.011-1.045, P = 0.001) and RDW (HR 1.711, 95% CI 1.042-2.809, P = 0.034) were predictors of HF hospitalization.High RDW is an independent predictor of HF hospitalization and might be useful for predicting the prognosis in HCM patients.

Graphene oxide (GO) is a nanomaterial that provokes autophagy in CT26 colon cancer cells and confers antitumor effects. Here we demonstrated that both GO and the chemotherapy drug cisplatin (CDDP) induced autophagy but elicited low degrees of CT26 cell death. Strikingly, GO combined with CDDP (GO/CDDP) potentiated the CT26 cell killing via necrosis. GO/CDDP not only elicited autophagy, but induced the nuclear import of CDDP and the autophagy marker LC3. The nuclear LC3 did not co-localize with p62 or Lamp-2, neither did blocking autolysosome formation significantly hinder the nuclear import of LC3/CDDP and necrosis, indicating that autophagosome and autolysosome formation was dispensable. Conversely, suppressing phagophore formation and importin-α/β significantly alleviated the nuclear import of LC3/CDDP and necrosis. These data suggested that GO/CDDP diverted the LC3 flux in the early phase of autophagy, resulting in LC3 trafficking towards the nucleus in an importin-α/β-dependent manner, which concurred with the CDDP nuclear import and necrosis. Intratumoral injection of GO/CDDP into mice bearing CT26 colon tumors potentiated immune cell infiltration and promoted cell death, autophagy and HMGB1 release, thereby synergistically augmenting the antitumor effects. Altogether, we unveiled a mechanism concerning how nanomaterials chemosensitize cancer cells and demonstrated the potentials of GO as a chemosensitizer.

A facile template-free method for the synthesis of high purity ultralong mesoporous ZnO nanowires (up to 50 μm) has been developed. ZnO nanoparticles were first formed by decomposition of the Zn(Ac)2–OLA complex in supercritical hexane at 430 °C for 20 min. Afterward, porous ZnO nanowires were produced though in situ self-aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles at room temperature under the cooperation of oleylamine and porous metal–organic frameworks which coordinate ZnO nanoparticles aggregated together in the form of 1D porous nanostructures. Due to the porous structures, the obtained porous ZnO nanowires have a larger surface area than those of ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO nanowires which have solid structures. Furthermore, compared to the poor capacity performance of ZnO powders, giving a capacity of only around 120 mA h g−1 at 10th cycles at 0.1 C charge/discharge rate, the porous ZnO nanowire electrode shows a reversible capacity of 432 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles. The improved capacity and cycle life of the porous ZnO nanowires electrode was attributed to the structure which gives rise to more efficient Li ion transport and alleviates the large mechanical strain during lithiation and delithiation.

Quantum dots (QDs) synthesis has been widely carried out in Schlenk line systems. However, there are two drawbacks of these systems, which have restricted their use for large scale or commercial production of QDs. One is the use of expensive and high-boiling point solvents and the other is that QDs need to be continuously produced with high production rate to reduce production costs. Nowadays, microfluidic flow systems are the most popularly used systems for the continuous production of QDs. However, their narrow channels limit the reaction volume and flow rate. In this report, a non-microfluidic flow reactor system has been developed to synthesize high quality CdSe QDs by injecting the solution containing the mixture of Cd–oleic acid (Cd–OA) and Se–tributylphosphine (Se–TBP) into near critical or supercritical hexane. The optical properties of the produced CdSe QDs can be fine-tuned to almost cover the entire visible region (450–630 nm) by changing the reaction parameters. The CdSe QDs produced with this approach are similar to those produced in Schlenk line, and can be functionalized with a ZnS shell to enhance PL efficiency. Moreover, we have also achieved a continuous synthesis of 5 g CdSe QDs with a production rate of 2.5 g h−1 to demonstrate the potential capability of mass production with this system. White light emitting diodes can be prepared by using CdSe QDs as the phosphor dye. Finally, other types of QDs, such as CdS, ZnS, and ZnSe, were also synthesized to demonstrate the generalization of the developed approach.

Graphene oxide (GO) is a nanomaterial with burgeoning bioapplications, while autophagy is implicated in cancer therapy. Although induction of autophagy by nanomaterials is reported, the underlying signaling mechanism in cancer cells and how this implicates the potential of GO in cancer therapy remain obscure. Here, it is shown that GO itself can induce the toll-like receptors (TLRs) responses and autophagy in cancer cells and confer antitumor effects in mice. GO can be phagocytosed by CT26 colon cancer cells, simultaneously triggering autophagy as well as TLR-4 and TLR-9 signaling cascades. By dissecting the crosstalk between the TLRs and autophagy pathways, it is uncovered that the GO-activated autophagy is regulated through the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)- and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)-associated TLR-4/9 signaling pathways. Injection of GO alone into immunocompetent mice bearing the CT26 colon tumors not only suppresses the tumor progression but also enhances cell death, autophagy, and immune responses within the tumor bed. These data altogether implicate the potential of GO as an effective nanomaterial for autophagy induction and cancer therapy.

Background: The CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scoring systems have been proved efficacy to stratify stroke and thromboembolism risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc score has predictive value for the prognosis in lacunar stroke (LS) patients remains unclear. Methods: A total of 763 consecutive patients with LS (mean age: 66 ± 12 years; 464 male) were enrolled in this study between January 2013 and December 2014. Patients were divided into LS without AF (LS; n = 679) and LS with AF (LS-AF; n = 84) groups. Measures of performance for the risk scores were evaluated at predicting mortality and restroke in LS-AF and LS without AF patients. All patients were evaluated with respect to clinical features and in-hospital clinical results. Results: During the mean follow-up period of 20 ± 5.8 months, 29 patients (3.8%) experienced all-cause death, 105 patients (13.8%) experienced recurrence of ischemic stroke. Multivariate analysis revealed that CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc score were independently associated with all-cause death (all P

A comprehensive mechanistic study conducted on the formation mechanism of five-fold twinned copper nanowires by heating copper(I) chloride with oleylamine at 170 °C is presented. Electron microscopy and UV-visible absorption spectra are used to analyze the growth mechanism of copper nanowires. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction are used to investigate the detailed structure of copper nanowires and nanoparticles, and a five-twinned structure is shown to exist in the copper nanowires and nanoparticles. Additionally, experiments have been performed to indirectly confirm that oleylamine preferentially adsorbs on the {100} facets of growing crystals. On the basis of the above results, the self-seeded growth of copper nanowires is confirmed. In the initial stage of reactions, copper nanoparticles with two distinctive sizes are formed. As the reaction proceeds, larger five-twinned copper nanoparticles serve as seeds for anisotropic crystal growth. Further, copper atoms generated from an Ostwald ripening process or reduction reactions of a copper(I) chloride-oleylamine complex continue to deposit and crystallize on the twin boundaries. Once the {110} planes are generated, oleylamine preferentially adsorbs on the newly formed {100} facets and then guides the formation of nanowires. The electrical resistivity of a single copper nanowire is measured to be 41.25 nΩ-m, which is of the same order of magnitude as the value of bulk copper (16.78 nΩ-m). Finally, an effective surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy active substrate made of copper nanowire is used to detect the 4-mercaptobenzoic acid molecules.

Solid and hollow structures of Cu2–xTe nanocrystals are synthesized by the injection of a Te–TOP solution at different reaction times. Both types of Cu2–xTe nanocrystals exhibit an intense absorption peak (localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)) in the near-infrared region, arising from excess holes in the valence band, and high molar extinction coefficients of 2.6 × 107 M–1 cm–1 at 1150 nm and 8.1 × 107 M–1 cm–1 at 1200 nm are demonstrated for the solid-type and hollow-type Cu2–xTe nanocrystals, respectively. The experimentally observed extinction spectra and calculated extinction spectra based on the electrostatic approximation are studied. The LSPR responses in the near-infrared (NIR) region for both solid and hollow Cu2–xTe nanocrystals are affected by the refractive index of the medium, whereas the NIR resonance shift is more obvious in the hollow-type Cu2–xTe nanocrystals. Furthermore, the localized surface plasmon band of the Cu2–xTe nanostructures can be tuned by post processing via oxidation ...

Microalbuminuria (MAU) is a key component of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy as well. Although routine Western medicine treatments are given to MetS patients to control high blood pressure, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, some patients still experience progressive renal lesions and it is necessary to modify and improve the treatment strategy for MetS patients.To investigate the efficacy of Yiqi Huaju Qingli Herb Formula, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in MetS patients with MAU when it is combined with routine Western medicine treatment.Sixty patients with MetS were randomized into the Chinese herbal formula group (CHF, Yiqi Huaju Qingli formula treatment in combination with Western medicine) and control group (placebo in combination with Western medicine). All treatments were administered for 12 weeks.Urinary microalbumin (MA), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), 24-hour total urine protein (24-hTP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2-hPPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood lipid profile and blood pressure were observed.Compared with the control group, CHF treatment significantly decreased BMI (P0.05), WC (P0.01) and WHR (P0.01). Both groups had significant decreases in FPG, 2-hPPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, MA, and UACR, with CHF treatment showing better effects on these parameters compared with the control treatment (P0.05). Both treatments significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG), and a greater reduction in TAG was observed with CHF treatment (P0.05). The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not change in the control group after treatment (P0.05), whereas it significantly increased with CHF treatment (P0.01). Compared with before the treatment, significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were observed in both groups (P0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P0.05).Combined treatment of Yiqi Huaju Qingli Formula and Western medicine significantly alleviated MAU, which may correlate with the improvement of insulin sensitivity and glucose and lipid metabolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION IDENTIFIER: This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the identifier ChiCTR-TRC-11001633.

In this Letter, the magnetic phase transition and domain wall motion in a single-crystalline Mn5Ge3 nanowire were investigated by temperature-dependent magneto-trans- port measurements. The ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 nanowire was fabricated by fully germaniding a single-crystalline Ge nanowire through the solid-state reaction with Mn contacts upon thermal annealing at 450 °C. Temperature-dependent four-probe resistance measurements on the Mn5Ge3 nanowire showed a clear slope change near 300 K accompanied by a magnetic phase transition from ferromagnetism to para- magnetism. The transition temperature was able to be controlled by both axial and radial magnetic fields as the external magnetic field helped maintain the magnetization aligned in the Mn5Ge3 nanowire. Near the magnetic phase transition, the critical behavior in the 1D system was characterized by a power-law relation with a critical exponent of α = 0.07 ± 0.01. Besides, another interesting feature was revealed as a cusp at about 67 K in the first-order derivative of the nanowire resistance, which was attributed to a possible magnetic transition between two noncollinear and collinear ferromagnetic states in the Mn5Ge3 lattice. Furthermore, temperature-dependent magneto-transport measurements demonstrated a hysteretic, symmetric, and stepwise axial magnetoresistance of the Mn5Ge3 nanowire. The interesting features of abrupt jumps indicated the presence of multiple domain walls in the Mn5Ge3 nanowire and the annihilation of domain walls driven by the magnetic field. The Kurkija model was used to describe the domain wall depinning as thermally assisted escape from a single energy barrier, and the fitting on the temperature-dependent depinning magnetic fields yielded an energy barrier of 0.166 eV.

We demonstrate that dodecanethiol monolayer passivation can significantly enhance the anode performance of germanium (Ge) nanowires in lithium-ion batteries. The dodecanethiol-passivated Ge nanowires exhibit an excellent electrochemical performance with a reversible specific capacity of 1130 mAh/g at 0.1 C rate after 100 cycles. The functionalized Ge nanowires show high-rate capability having charge and discharge capacities of ∼555 mAh/g at high rates of 11 C. The functionalized Ge nanowires also performed well at 55 °C, showing their thermal stability at high working temperatures. Moreover, full cells using a LiFePO(4) cathode were assembled and the electrodes still have stable capacity retention. An aluminum pouch type lithium cell was also assembled to provide larger current (∼30 mA) for uses on light-emitting-diodes (LEDs) and audio devices. Investigation of the role of organic monolayer coating showed that the wires formed a robust nanowire/PVDF network through strong C-F bonding so as to maintain structure integrity during the lithiation/delithiation process. Organic monolayer-coated Ge nanowires represent promising Ge-C anodes with controllable low carbon content (ca. 2-3 wt %) for high capacity, high-rate lithium-ion batteries and are readily compatible with the commercial slurry-coating process for cell fabrication.

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets have sparked growing interests in biological and medical applications. This study examined how macrophage, the primary immune cell type engaging microbes, responded to GO treatment. We uncovered that incubation of macrophage cell RAW264.7 with GO elicited autophagy in a concentration-dependent manner, as evidenced by the appearance of autophagic vacuoles and activation of autophagic marker proteins. Such GO-induced autophagy was observed in various cell lines and in macrophage treated with GO of different sizes. Strikingly, GO treatment of macrophage provoked the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling cascades and triggered ensuing cytokine responses. Molecular analysis identified that TLR4 and TLR9 and their downstream signaling mediators MyD88, TRAF6 and NF-κB played pivotal roles in the GO-induced inflammatory responses. By silencing individual genes in the signaling pathway, we further unveiled that the GO-induced autophagy was modulated by TLR4, TLR9 and was dependent on downstream adaptor proteins MyD88, TRIF and TRAF6. Altogether, we demonstrated that GO treatment of cells simultaneously triggers autophagy and TLR4/TLR9-regulated inflammatory responses, and the autophagy was at least partly regulated by the TLRs pathway. This study thus suggests a mechanism by which cells respond to nanomaterials and underscores the importance of future safety evaluation of nanomaterials.

To explore spintronics applications for Ge nanowire heterostructures formed by thermal annealing, it is critical to develop a ferromagnetic germanide with high Curie temperature and take advantage of the high-quality interface between Ge and the formed ferromagnetic germanide. In this work, we report, for the first time, the formation and characterization of Mn(5)Ge(3)/Ge/Mn(5)Ge(3) nanowire transistors, in which the room-temperature ferromagnetic germanide was found through the solid-state reaction between a single-crystalline Ge nanowire and Mn contact pads upon thermal annealing. The atomically clean interface between Mn(5)Ge(3) and Ge with a relatively small lattice mismatch of 10.6% indicates that Mn(5)Ge(3) is a high-quality ferromagnetic contact to Ge. Temperature-dependent I-V measurements on the Mn(5)Ge(3)/Ge/Mn(5)Ge(3) nanowire heterostructure reveal a Schottky barrier height of 0.25 eV for the Mn(5)Ge(3) contact to p-type Ge. The Ge nanowire field-effect transistors built on the Mn(5)Ge(3)/Ge/Mn(5)Ge(3) heterostructure exhibit a high-performance p-type behavior with a current on/off ratio close to 10(5), and a hole mobility of 150-200 cm(2)/(V s). Temperature-dependent resistance of a fully germanided Mn(5)Ge(3) nanowire shows a clear transition behavior near the Curie temperature of Mn(5)Ge(3) at about 300 K. Our findings of the high-quality room-temperature ferromagnetic Mn(5)Ge(3) contact represent a promising step toward electrical spin injection into Ge nanowires and thus the realization of high-efficiency spintronic devices for room-temperature applications.

In this study, a direct liquid-injection metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (LIMOCVD) is developed as a novel synthetic method for high-yield, large-scale synthesis of Ge nanowiresvia vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth at temperatures ranging from 390 to 480 °C at atmospheric pressure. Among the precursors tested, including diphenylgermane (DPG), n-butylgermane (NBG), and tetraethylgermane (TEG), DPG exhibited the most suitable reactivity for LIMOCVD nanowire reactions. While using DPG as a precursor, the yields of Ge nanowires by VLS growth can reach up to ∼30%. As a proof-of-concept for scale-up synthesis, sub-gram quantities of Ge nanowires were produced by consecutive injections of precursor solution. The Ge wires were passivated by an alkanethiol monolayer which gives rise to stability, oxidation resistance and significantly improved dispersibility in organic solvents. Nanowire solutions could be used as inks for applications in many fields. For example, bendable, thickness-tunable Ge nanowire fabrics were fabricated from the inks. The LIMOCVD-VLS growth could potentially serve as a facile and reliable method for industrial-scale production of Ge nanowires due to its superior synthetic capacity and low manufacturing cost.

Most of simulations often require the calculation of all pairwise interaction in large ensembles of particles, such as N-body problem of gravitation, electrostatic interaction and magnetic dipolar interaction, etc. The main difficulty in the calculation of long-range interaction is how to accelerate the slow convergence of the occurring sums. In this work, we are interested in the dipolar interaction in the two dimensional (2D) magnetic dipolar nanoparticle systems, which have attracted much attention due to both their important technological applications such as high-density patterned recording media and their rich and often unusual experimental behaviours. We develop a high efficiency algorithm based on the Lekner method to evaluate the magnetic dipolar energy for such systems, where the simulation cell is periodically replicated in the plane. Taking advantage of the symmetry of the systems, the dipolar interaction energy is expressed by rapidly converging series of modified Bessel functions in our algorithm. We found that our algorithm is better than the traditional Ewald summation method in efficiency for the regular arrays. Moreover, two simple formulas are obtained to evaluate the self-energy, which is important in the simulation of the dipolar systems.

Raney Ni‐Al alloy in a dilute alkaline aqueous solution has been shown to be a powerful reducing agent, which is highly effective in the reduction of benzophenones to the corresponding hydrocarbon derivatives, in the absence of any organic solvents.

Zinc powder-mediated reductive cyclization of o-nitrophenylazophenols in alkaline solution affords the corresponding 2-aryl-2H-benzotriazoles in high yields under mild reaction conditions. No organic solvents are used in the reaction and only minimal amounts in the work-up.

Hypertension is a chronic disease with a high prevalence, and is associated with a high risk of vascular disease and premature death. Traditional Chinese medicine has been administered to treat hypertension for many years. In the present study, the effects of Yiqi Huaju formula (YQ; a compound used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine) were observed in salt‑sensitive hypertension, which was induced by a high‑salt and high‑fat (HSF) diet and the potential mechanism was investigated. YQ was prepared from five plant extracts and was dissolved in normal sodium chloride prior to use. Male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, and fed either a normal diet (control), an HSF diet or an HSF diet with YQ. At week eight, blood pressure was measured and 24‑h urine samples were collected from all of the rats. The rats were subsequently sacrificed, and their blood was collected for biochemical analyses and kidney tissue samples were dissected for the immunohistochemical assay. YQ was observed to decrease the high arterial pressure and serum total cholesterol level, which had been induced by the HSF diet. It also enhanced the excretion of urinary angiotensinogen, Na+, and decreased the loss of urinary aldosterone, K+ and microalbuminuria. In addition, YQ inhibited the high mRNA expression level of renal renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), and Ang II receptor, type 1 (AT1R), and inhibited the protein expression of renal AT1R and Ang II receptor type 2, which had been induced by the HSF diet. These results indicate that YQ may reduce the arterial pressure in salt‑sensitive hypertension via the inhibition of renin‑angiotensin system activation.

Single-component nanostructures with axial asymmetry were successfully synthesized in organic solvents via a new type of growth model. Asymmetric axial ZnO nanospindles with a hexagonal cross-section were produced by a growth model consisting of simultaneous axial screw dislocation-mediated growth and radial layer-by-layer deposition. The growth process of ZnO nanospindles is explained by comprehensively characterizing and monitoring the products at different reaction time intervals. Hexagonal discs containing dislocations were first generated at a reaction time of 2.5 min. When the reaction time continued to increase, the nanodiscs grew along the 〈0002〉 direction. Half-nanospindles were formed at mid-reaction stage when the growth rate of [0001] was greater than [000-1]. Finally, the asymmetric nanospindles were obtained at 40 min. Further, the length of the asymmetric axial ZnO spindles can be precisely tuned by the adjustment of reaction temperature. Thus, the growth model presented here can synthesize a new category of one-dimensional asymmetric nanostructures.

In this Letter, we report the electrical spin injection and detection in Ge nanowire transistors with single-crystalline ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 as source/drain contacts formed by thermal reactions. Degenerate indium dopants were successfully incorporated into as-grown Ge nanowires as p-type doping to alleviate the conductivity mismatch between Ge and Mn5Ge3. The magnetoresistance (MR) of the Mn5Ge3/Ge/Mn5Ge3 nanowire transistor was found to be largely affected by the applied bias. Specifically, negative and hysteretic MR curves were observed under a large current bias in the temperature range from T = 2 K up to T = 50 K, which clearly indicated the electrical spin injection from ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 contacts into Ge nanowires. In addition to the bias effect, the MR amplitude was found to exponentially decay with the Ge nanowire channel length; this fact was explained by the dominated Elliot-Yafet spin-relaxation mechanism. The fitting of MR further revealed a spin diffusion length of lsf = 480 ± 13 nm and a spin lifetime exceeding 244 ps at T = 10 K in p-type Ge nanowires, and they showed a weak temperature dependence between 2 and 50 K. Ge nanowires showed a significant enhancement in the measured spin diffusion length and spin lifetime compared with those reported for bulk p-type Ge. Our study of the spin transport in the Mn5Ge3/Ge/Mn5Ge3 nanowire transistor points to a possible realization of spin-based transistors; it may also open up new opportunities to create novel Ge nanowire-based spintronic devices. Furthermore, the simple fabrication process promises a compatible integration into standard Si technology in the future.

Approximately 30% of patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) display chemoresistance to cisplatin-based regimens, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), a functional homologue of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, contributes substantially to the oncogenic potential of EBV through the activation of multiple signaling pathways, and it is closely associated with a poorer prognosis for NPC. Recent studies show that EBV infection can induce the expression of many cellular miRNAs, including microRNA-21, a biomarker for chemoresistance. However, neither a link between LMP1 expression and miR-21 upregulation nor their cross talk in affecting chemoresistance to cisplatin have been reported. Here, we observed that stable LMP1-transformed NPC cells were less sensitive to cisplatin treatment based on their proliferation, colony formation, the IC50 value of cisplatin and the apoptosis index. Higher levels of miR-21 were found in EBV-carrying and LMP1-positive cell lines, suggesting that LMP1 may be linked to miR-21 upregulation. These data were confirmed by our results that exogenous LMP1 increased miR-21 in both transiently and stably LMP1-transfected cells, and the knock down of miR-21 substantially reversed the resistance of the NPC cells to cisplatin treatment. Moreover, the proapoptotic factors programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) and Fas ligand (Fas-L), which were negatively regulated by miR-21, were found to play an important role in the program of LMP1-dependent cisplatin resistance. Finally, we demonstrated that LMP1 induced miR-21 expression primarily by modulating the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway. Taken together, we revealed for the first time that viral LMP1 triggers the PI3K/Akt/FOXO3a pathway to induce human miR-21 expression, which subsequently decreases the expression of PDCD4 and Fas-L, and results in chemoresistance in NPC cells.

In this Letter, the magnetic phase transition and domain wall motion in a single-crystalline Mn(5)Ge(3) nanowire were investigated by temperature-dependent magneto-transport measurements. The ferromagnetic Mn(5)Ge(3) nanowire was fabricated by fully germaniding a single-crystalline Ge nanowire through the solid-state reaction with Mn contacts upon thermal annealing at 450 °C. Temperature-dependent four-probe resistance measurements on the Mn(5)Ge(3) nanowire showed a clear slope change near 300 K accompanied by a magnetic phase transition from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism. The transition temperature was able to be controlled by both axial and radial magnetic fields as the external magnetic field helped maintain the magnetization aligned in the Mn(5)Ge(3) nanowire. Near the magnetic phase transition, the critical behavior in the 1D system was characterized by a power-law relation with a critical exponent of α = 0.07 ± 0.01. Besides, another interesting feature was revealed as a cusp at about 67 K in the first-order derivative of the nanowire resistance, which was attributed to a possible magnetic transition between two noncollinear and collinear ferromagnetic states in the Mn(5)Ge(3) lattice. Furthermore, temperature-dependent magneto-transport measurements demonstrated a hysteretic, symmetric, and stepwise axial magnetoresistance of the Mn(5)Ge(3) nanowire. The interesting features of abrupt jumps indicated the presence of multiple domain walls in the Mn(5)Ge(3) nanowire and the annihilation of domain walls driven by the magnetic field. The Kurkijärvi model was used to describe the domain wall depinning as thermally assisted escape from a single energy barrier, and the fitting on the temperature-dependent depinning magnetic fields yielded an energy barrier of 0.166 eV.

To evaluate the necessity of defunctioning stoma in low anterior resection for rectal cancer below peritoneal reflection.The databases of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang and CNKI were searched. The eligible studies were identified for pooled analyses.Six randomized controlled trials with 648 cases(332 patients with defunctioning stoma and 316 without stoma) and 25 retrospective controlled trials with 10,722 cases(4,470 patients with defunctioning stoma and 6,252 without stoma) were included. Combined analyses showed that defunctioning stoma was effective for decreasing risk of postoperative anastomotic leakage (RR=0.33 and 95% CI:0.21-0.53 for RCTs, OR=0.60 and 95% CI:0.42-0.85 for retrospective studies), reoperation (RR=0.30, 95% CI:0.16-0.53 for RCTs, OR=0.26 and 95% CI:0.21-0.32 for retrospective studies) and mortality(OR=0.41, 95% CI:0.27-0.62 for retrospective studies).Defunctioning stoma should be routinely performed in low anterior resection for high-risk patients.

Utilizing monophenylsilane as the precursor and liquid injection chemical vapor deposition (LICVD) as the fabrication method offers a novel synthetic approach for the facile, ambient pressure, and continuous vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) synthesis of high quality Si nanowires.

To investigate the effect of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway inhibitor MG132 on the natural resistance to cisplatin in the human cervical cancer line (HCE1) multicellular spheroid (HCE1/MCS) model and to probe it if MG132 could reverse the HCE1/MCS resistance to cisplatin, as well as the possible mechanism of drug resistance.(1) HCE1/MCS was obtained using liquid overlay and rotating technique. (2) Four groups were established (MG132 group, cisplatin group, MG132+cisplatin group, the control group). Cell viability were measured by trypan blue exclusion assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. (3) The expression of nuclear factor (NF) kappaB of both HCE1 monolayer cells (HCE1/MC) and HCE1/MCS was detected by western blot, and the expression of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (bcl-2) was detected by immunohistochemistry.(1) HCE1/MCS was established successfully. (2) Cell inhibited rate of HCE1/MC and HCE1/MCS was: in MG132 group, (11.67+/-2.34)% vs (10.78+/-1.17)% (P0.05); in MG132+cisplatin group, (92.67+/-2.52)% vs (91.33+/-2.18)% (P0.05); in cisplatin group, (45.01+/-7.44)% vs (9.45+/-5.98)% (P0.05). (3) The rate of apoptosis of HCE1/MC and HCE1/MCS were: in MG132 group, 8.14% and 5.97%; in MG132+cisplatin group, 99.01% and 95.22%; in cisplatin group, 33.61% and 0.88%. (4) The expression level of NF-kappaB and the high expression rate of bcl-2 were: in HCE1/MCS of control group, 0.67 and 60%; in HCE1/MCS of cisplatin group, 0.85 and 83%; in HCE1/MCS of MG132 group, 0.39 and 20%; in HCE1/MCS of MG132+cisplatin group, 0.47 and 33%.(1) HCE1/MCS present natural resistance to cisplatin and may become a good model for the study of cervical cancer drug resistance in vitro. (2) MG132 could induce the inhibition and apoptosis of HCE1/MCS cells and partially reverse the natural resistance of HCE1/MCS to cisplatin, of which partially reverse the natural resistance may be in relation to the down-regulation of NF-kappaB and bcl-2 expression.

To evaluate the relationship between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and basal cell-like phenotype breast cancer (BLBC).Three hundred and eighty two cases of breast cancers including basal cell-like, luminal A, luminal B and Her-2 subtypes were collected from 458 cases of invasive breast cancers based on their immunophenotypes. They were then stained immunohistochemically with FOXC-2, vimentin, Syndecan-1 and E-cadherin. The relationship of these markers with the basal cell-like phenotype of breast cancer was studied.Of the 41 BLBC cases, FOXC-2, vimentin and Syndecan-1 were positive in 14 cases (34.1%), 18 cases (43.9%) and 36 cases (87.7%) respectively; E-cadherin expression was reduced in 26 cases (63.4%). The positive rates of FOXC-2 and vimentin were higher in BLBC than in other subtypes of breast cancer (P0.01). The expression of E-cadherin was the lowest among the 4 subtypes of breast cancers (P0.01). Syndecan-1 was positive in the stromal cells adjacent to cancer cells in 17 cases (41.5%) BLBC and the expression was higher than that in other subtypes (P = 0.007). There existed a correlation between FOXC-2 and vimentin expression in BLBC (r = 0.607, P0.01). The rates of positive lymph nodes in FOXC-2 and vimentin positive BLBC cases were 71.4% and 66.7% respectively, and both were higher than those of FOXC-2 and vimentin negative BLBC cases (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001).Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is probably related to the basal cell-like phenotype of breast cancers, and this may be one of the reasons accounting for the different biological behavior of BLBC from other subtypes of breast cancer.

To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of basal-like immunophenotype breast cancer (BLBC).458 cases of female infiltrative breast cancer were studied using immunohistochemical staining with an antibody panel of ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67, CK5/6, CK14 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and were classified basing on the immunophenotypes. The clinicopathologic characteristics were compared with other immunophenotypes of breast cancer. 228 of 458 cases of breast cancer were followed up.46 cases of BLBC were screened out among the 458 breast cancers. And histological features of BLBC were analysed including the larger diameter of cancer foci (average 3.3 cm), appearance of squeezing phenomenon of neighboring cell borders (58.7%, 27/46), geography-like distribution of necrosis (52.2%, 24/46), central zone fibrosis (30.4%, 14/46) and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration at the margin and stroma (63.0%, 29/46). There were nuclear pleomorphism with numerous mitoses. The cancer cells were closely arranged, forming irregular solid architectures. There was a high expression (25%) of Ki-67 (43.5%, 20/46). CK5/6, CK14 and EGFR were positive in 58.7% (27/46), 43.5% (20/46) and 65.2% (30/46) respectively. 3-year survival rate of BLBC was 66.9%, lower than the luminal A breast cancer and similar to HER2 over-expression breast cancer.The proportion of BLBC in the group of breast cancers is 10%. BLBC has its distinct histological and cytological features. Currently, it is still necessary to depend on immunophenotyping in making a BLBC diagnosis. BLBC is the one of breast cancer subtypes with the poorest prognosis.

Raney Ni‐Al alloy in a dilute alkaline aqueous solution has been shown to be a powerful reducing agent, which is highly effective in the reduction of benzophenones to the corresponding hydrocarbon derivatives, in the absence of any organic solvents.

To observe the therapeutic effect of combined therapy of modified Kangjia Recipe (KR) and western medicine propylthiouracil (PTU) on hyperthyroidism and to assess its advantage.Ninety patients with hyperthyroidism were divided into the treatment group (TG) and the control group (CG). The 60 patients in TG treated with KR and PTU, and the 30 patients in CG treated with PTU alone. The treatment course of both groups was 3 months. The serum thyroid hormone (TH) level, clinical symptoms and signs, and adverse reaction were observed before and after treatment.The serum TH level, clinical symptoms and signs were significantly improved after treatment in both groups (all P0.01). The total effective rate was 93.3% in TG, which was higher than that in CG (83.3%, P0.01); and the efficacy in improving palpitation, fidget, aversion to heat, sweating and insomnia was better in the TG than that in the CG respectively (P0.05). As for the incidence of adverse reaction, it that was lower in the TG than in the CG.KD has good efficacy in treating hyperthyroidism, and the combined treatment of Chinese and Western medicine shows obvious advantages.