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Livsmedelsindustrin står inför stora utmaningar i framtiden, varav en är att erbjuda och producera livsmedel till en växande population på ett hållbart sätt. Ett sätt att övervinna denna utmaning är att implementera AI-teknik som kan användas för att effektivisera och främja hållbar utveckling inom livsmedelsindustrin. Syftet med studien är därför att kartlägga nivån av AI-readiness hos livsmedelsföretag i Norden, det vill säga undersöka hur redo dessa verksamheter är att implementera AI-teknik. Frågeställningen har besvarats genom en digital enkätundersökning baserat på det teoretiska ramverket TOE - Technology, Organization and Environment. Enkäten besvarades av 59 anonyma respondenter. Svaren kategoriserades baserat på det huvudsakliga verksamhetslandet för respondentens företag, den del av industrin företaget främst är verksamt inom och företagets storlek. Det insamlade datat har analyserats med hjälp av Chi2-test som resulterade i insikten att större företag har högre nivå av AI-readiness än små företag. Resultatet indikerade även på tre förbättringsområden för att öka nivån av AI-readiness. Företag bör i större utsträckning utveckla en strategisk plan för implementering av AI-teknik, säkerställa tillräckligt med mänskliga resurser med rätt kompetens och öka kunskapen om externa regleringar bland sina anställda. Den kunskap som studien genererar kan vara relevant för företag som arbetar med implementering av AI-teknik, för företag verksamma inom livsmedelsindustrin som vill öka sin AI-readiness samt för framtida forskning inom liknande områden., The food industry faces major challenges in the future, one of which is to provide and produce food for a growing population in a sustainable way. One way to overcome this challenge is to implement AI-technologies that can be used to promote sustainable development in the food industry. The purpose of this study is therefore to map the level of AI-readiness among food companies in the Nordic region, specifically to investigate how ready these businesses are to implement AI-technology. The question has been answered through a digital survey based on the theoretical framework TOE - Technology, Organization and Environment. The survey was answered by 59 anonymous respondents. The answers were categorized based on the main country of operation of the respondent's company, the part of the industry the company is mainly active in and the size of the company. The collected data has been analyzed using Chi2-tests which resulted in the insight that larger companies have a higher level of AI-readiness than smaller companies. The result also indicated three areas of improvement to increase the level of AI-readiness. Companies should to a greater extent develop a strategic plan for the implementation of AI-technology, ensure sufficient human resources with the right skills and increase the knowledge of external regulations among their employees. The knowledge generated by the study can be relevant for companies working on the implementation of AI-technology, for companies operating in the food industry that want to increase their AI-readiness, and for future research in similar areas.

This bachelor’s thesis aims to explore the work with and the perceptions of the printer as technology in research libraries today. Seven interviews from various research libraries across Sweden have been analyzed using two aspects based on the socio-technical perspective, maintenance and repair. Findings show that the printing technology infrastructure in research libraries consists of several different technological, material and social components. Maintained by several maintenance practices carried out by different professions and employees at the universities. Results further indicate that in relation to the printing technology, library employees perceive the role of the library and the librarian as an important function in offering the service at the universities but the commitment to the printer differs.

The highly invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) started its colonisation from the species’ native range in South America approximately 150 years ago and has since become one of the major pests in the world. We investigated how the shifts into new ranges have affected the evolution of Argentine ants’ immune genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first broadscale population genetic study focusing on ants’ immune genes. We analysed comprehensive targeted-seq data of immune and non-immune genes containing 174 genes from 18 Argentine ant supercolonies covering the species’ native and introduced ranges. We predicted that the immune gene evolution of introduced supercolonies differs from that of the native supercolonies and proposed two different, non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for this: 1) the enemy release hypothesis and 2) the higher pathogen pressure hypothesis – both of which seem to explain the observed evolutionary patterns on their behalf. Our results show that the introduced supercolonies were targeted by weaker selection than natives, but positive selection was evident among supercolonies of both ranges. Moreover, in some cases, such as the antiviral RNAi genes, introduced range supercolonies harboured a higher proportion of positively selected genes than natives. This observation was striking, knowing the recent demographic history and the detected generally lower selection efficacy of introduced supercolonies. In conclusion, it is evident that pathogen pressure is ubiquitous and strongly affects the immune gene evolution in Argentine ants., The highly invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) started its colonisation from the species’ native range in South America approximately 150 years ago and has since become one of the major pests in the world. We investigated how the shifts into new ranges have affected the evolution of Argentine ants’ immune genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first broadscale population genetic study focusing on ants’ immune genes. We analysed comprehensive targeted-seq data of immune and non-immune genes containing 174 genes from 18 Argentine ant supercolonies covering the species’ native and introduced ranges. We predicted that the immune gene evolution of introduced supercolonies differs from that of the native supercolonies and proposed two different, non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for this: 1) the enemy release hypothesis and 2) the higher pathogen pressure hypothesis – both of which seem to explain the observed evolutionary patterns on their behalf. Our results show that the introduced supercolonies were targeted by weaker selection than natives, but positive selection was evident among supercolonies of both ranges. Moreover, in some cases, such as the antiviral RNAi genes, introduced range supercolonies harboured a higher proportion of positively selected genes than natives. This observation was striking, knowing the recent demographic history and the detected generally lower selection efficacy of introduced supercolonies. In conclusion, it is evident that pathogen pressure is ubiquitous and strongly affects the immune gene evolution in Argentine ants.

Det här examensarbetet undersökte hur man kan underlätta för ”naturovana” personer (personer som inte ägnar sig åt friluftsliv) att ta sig ut i naturen genom att vandra på Skåneleden. Genom en litteraturstudie undersökte arbetet olika faktorer som kan hindra personer från att delta i friluftsliv. Arbetet samlade ett antal strategier för hur Skåneleden kan göras mer tillgänglig för naturovana personer i Hässleholms tätort i nordöstra Skåne. Utöver litteraturstudien genomfördes också ”vandringsanalyser” på Skåneleden i Hässleholm. Vandringsanalyserna utgjordes av fyra vandringar som utgick från Hässleholm och där metoden ”kontinuerlig/stop-motion-vandring” användes. Genom en syntes av litteraturstudien och vandringsanalyserna presenterades ett antal strategier för att göra Skåneleden mer tillgänglig i Hässleholm. Faktorer som kan påverka i hur stor utsträckning personer ägnar sig åt friluftsliv är till exempel hur mycket man vistades i naturen under sin uppväxt, kulturella faktorer, ekonomiska faktorer, och att ha ett långt avstånd från bostaden till naturen. Möjliga hinder som upptäcktes genom vandringsanalyserna på Skåneleden i Hässleholm är till exempel långa vandringsetapper och en brist på kollektivtrafik i anslutning till vandringsleden. Specifika strategier för att motverka dessa hinder presenterades, så som att anordna gratis friluftsaktiviteter för barn och unga, och att förkorta etappernas längd., The goal of this master’s thesis was to find out how to facilitate for “nature-inexperienced” people (people who do not participate in outdoor recreation) to access nature, using the hiking trail Skåneleden. By conducting a literature study, this thesis investigated different factors which may hinder people from participating in outdoor recreation. The thesis compiled several strategies on how to make Skåneleden more accessible for nature-inexperienced people, in the town of Hässleholm in north-eastern Skåne. In addition to the literature study, “hiking analyses” were also conducted on Skåneleden in Hässleholm. The hiking analyses consisted of four hikes near Hässleholm, using the method “continuous/stop-motion-walking”. Through a synthesis of the literature study and the hiking analyses, strategies to make Skåneleden in Hässleholm more accessible were presented. Factors which affect the extent in which people participate in outdoor recreation include e.g. how much time one spent in nature as a child, cultural factors, economic factors, and having a long distance between one’s home and nature. Possible obstacles which were discovered during the hiking analyses on Skåneleden in Hässleholm are e.g. too long sections of the hiking trail and a lack of public transport in connection to the trail. Specific strategies against these obstacles were presented, such as arranging free outdoor activities for children and young people, and to shorten the length of the hiking sections on Skåneleden.

The study aimed to research some social workers in the department of children and families services' view of the case “Lilla hjärtat” and the dilemmas of the case. This case, a 4-year old girl who died in the care of her parents, is well known in Sweden through the media, and the case has led to a public inquiry. The study was a case study based on seven semi-structured qualitative interviews with social workers in six different departments of children and families services. The interviews were held through a video conference service called Zoom. During the process of analysing the material, the theory of street-level bureaucrats and the concept of discretion were used. The conclusion of the study was that the task of social workers in children and families services is complex and that the respondents have different views of their level of discretion. The respondents also were of the opinion that parents' rights dominate in the court, both in general and in this specific case. The social workers in the study expressed that the best interests of the child should be the primary consideration. In the study, the respondents showed sympathy with the fact that the social workers in the case felt powerless after the court order, but despite that regard, they are still convinced that social workers have to keep on fighting for the child. The social workers expressed that their discretion is limited by the laws, the competence of the courts, time frames, high workload, court orders et cetera. Some of the respondents expressed a desire for a few laws to be changed, but others disagreed and emphasized that it's about how to use the laws and the discretion.

Sammanfattning: Fysioterapi kan vara betydelsefullt för patienter med psykisk ohälsa eftersom fysioterapeuten genom kroppsmedvetande behandlingsmetoder kan hjälpa patienten att våga möta kroppen och erbjuder patienter utöver medicinering och samtalsterapi ytterligare ett behandlingsalternativ. Studier visar på att patienter med psykisk ohälsa ställer krav på fler aspekter än bara den fysiologiska kunskapen hos fysioterapeuten. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka fysioterapeuters bemötande av patienter med psykisk ohälsa och få en större förståelse för hur fysioterapeuter förhåller sig och behandlar denna patientgrupp. Delsyften var att undersöka betydelsefulla faktorer såsom egenskaper hos fysioterapeuten samt hur de främjar motivation hos patienten. Metod: Tolv semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Informanterna var alla kvinnliga fysioterapeuter med minst sex månaders arbetserfarenheter inom psykiatrisk vård. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Intervjuerna resulterar i temat Skapa samspel genom dialog och främja drivkraft till förändring. Temat baseras på fyra kategorier: Möjliggöra kommunikation, Motivera patienten till eget ansvar, Kroppen som redskap i mötet och behandlingen, Fysioterapeutens flexibilitet i mötet och utifrån patientens behov. Resultatet visar att mötet behöver situationsanpassas genom kommunikation för att utreda patientens insikt och motivation. Att använda kroppen som en del i behandlingen är värdefullt för att sammanföra det psykologiska och fysiologiska tillståndet. Vissa egenskaper hos fysioterapeuten är av betydelse för att skapa tillit såsom att vara närvarande och göra sig mänsklig. Konklusion: Fysioterapeuten behöver vara inkännande och kunna situationsanpassa mötet med patienter med psykisk ohälsa för att utreda insikt och motivation. Delmål och skriftliga avtal kan va

Invasiva främmande arter är ett hot mot inhemsk biodiversitet och skadar människors hälsa eller ekonomi. Ett flertal invasiva främmande växtarter utgör ett problem i Sverige idag, och situationen riskerar att bli värre på grund av klimatförändringar. I detta arbete undersöks hur de tre skånska kommunerna Helsingborg, Östra Göinge och Simrishamn arbetar förebyggande och/eller bekämpar invasiva växtarter. En litteraturstudie har genomförts där ansvarsfördelningen i Sverige har undersökts och problematiska arter i landet har identifierats. SLU ArtDatabankens risklista över invasiva främmande arter har också studerats. Intervjuer med tjänstepersoner på kommunerna Helsingborg, Östra Göinge och Simrishamn har genomförts. Efter intervjuerna blev det tydligt att olika kommuner har olika förutsättningar att bekämpa invasiva växtarter, både ekonomiskt och personellt. Samtliga undersökta kommuner har påbörjat arbetet mot invasiva arter. Kartläggning av arterna, samarbeten med andra kommuner och aktörer, samt information till allmänheten och anställda på kommunen verkar vara viktiga delar i bekämpningen av invasiva främmande växtarter., Invasive alien species are a threat to native biodiversity and hurt people’s health or economy. Several invasive alien plant species are a problem in Sweden today, and the situation might become worse due to climate change. In this study it is examined how three municipalities in the Swedish region of Skåne work proactively and/or manage invasive plant species. A literature study was done, where the distribution of responsibility in Sweden was investigated and problematic species in the country were identified. The so called “risk list” (“risklistan” in Swedish) of invasive alien species made by the SLU Swedish Species Information Centre was also examined. Interviews with officials at the studied municipalities of Helsingborg, Östra Göinge and Simrishamn were conducted. After the interviews it was clear that different municipalities have different means of fighting invasive plant species, both economically and employee-wise. All three of the studied municipalities have begun the job of fighting invasive species. Mapping of the species, working together with other municipalities and stakeholders, and providing information to the public and employees at the municipality, seem to be important factors in fighting invasive alien plant species.