1. Anti-inflammatory activity of AP-SF, a ginsenoside-enriched fraction, from Korean ginseng
- Author
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Kwang-Soo Baek, Yong Deog Hong, Yong Kim, Nak Yoon Sung, Sungjae Yang, Kyoung Min Lee, Joo Yong Park, Jun Seong Park, Ho Sik Rho, Song Seok Shin, and Jae Youl Cho
- Subjects
anti-inflammatory activity ,AP-SF ,c-Jun ,Korean ginseng ,Panax ginseng Meyer ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Background: Korean ginseng is an ethnopharmacologically valuable herbal plant with various biological properties including anticancer, antiatherosclerosis, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Since there is currently no drug or therapeutic remedy derived from Korean ginseng, we developed a ginsenoside-enriched fraction (AP-SF) for prevention of various inflammatory symptoms. Methods: The anti-inflammatory efficacy of AP-SF was tested under in vitro inflammatory conditions including nitric oxide (NO) production and inflammatory gene expression. The molecular events of inflammatory responses were explored by immunoblot analysis. Results: AP-SF led to a significant suppression of NO production compared with a conventional Korean ginseng saponin fraction, induced by both lipopolysaccharide and zymosan A. Interestingly, AP-SF strongly downregulated the mRNA levels of genes for inducible NO synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase) without affecting cell viability. In agreement with these observations, AP-SF blocked the nuclear translocation of c-Jun at 2 h and also reduced phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and TAK-1, all of which are important for c-Jun translocation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that AP-SF inhibits activation of c-Jun-dependent inflammatory events. Thus, AP-SF may be useful as a novel anti-inflammatory remedy.
- Published
- 2015
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