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This essay examines the unique positioning of Martin L. Davies within contemporary theory and philosophy of history, giving particular attention to the once again timely question of what is meant by historicity and historicization, as well as exploring the ways in which Davies suggests our relation to historical knowledge can, and perhaps should, be reconceived. The examination proceeds in three main parts, lingering on Davies’ relation to ‘postmodern’ theory of history, his all-consuming conception of historical thought and his views on how this sense of ‘history’ might be countered and questioned. These issues are viewed as especially important in the current disciplinary and societal context, where – arguably – disciplinary history is losing ground and parahistorical, often quite loosely historical thought and remembrance, dominate. The importance of assessing Davies’ contribution to all these questions cannot be overstated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article invites social scientists to treat video games as social institutions. Starting with a brief presentation of sociological perspectives from Parsons to Giddens on institutions, this article highlights multiple features that characterize video games as such: historicity, internalization, conflict and change, legitimating ideology, State intervention, and interdependence. Through brief examples from games such as Assassin's Creed Origins, Second Life, Far Cry 5, and Metin2, I argue that understanding video games as social institutions would considerably improve both the perspectives of digital sociology and social theory in general, through: understanding the ubiquitous elements of gamification of our material life, understanding gamer identity at the confluence of other social institutions, such as gender and sexuality, highlighting ideology and the neoliberal agenda, emphasizing gamic agency as a form of institutional control, and redefining time-oriented interactions to explain adaptation and resistance with which the play element has crossed multiple cultures and historical periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the role of disagreement in relation to the goals of metaphysical inquiry. In particular, I will discuss two reactions to Kant’s initial observation that metaphysics does not make any lasting progress: Kant’s own demand for a critical revision of metaphysics and Schelling’s ideas as presented in his 1821 lecture On the Nature of Philosophy as a Science. Kant’s account allows for an appreciation of metaphysical conflict as a necessary precondition for a critically revised system of pure reason. However, he thinks that such a system will ultimately replace all previous ones and thereby make further development of metaphysics obsolete. Although Schelling appropriates Kant’s notion of systematicity, he arrives at a positive evaluation of metaphysical disagreement as an expression of freedom which articulates itself within the history of metaphysics. I argue that Schelling’s view also entails that the history of metaphysics is an ongoing process rather than terminating in an ultimate system or a withdrawal from metaphysical inquiry. Thus, we get to see a) that Kant himself (not just his post-Kantian successors) entertains an account of the essential historicity of reason and b) how Schelling both preserves and transforms the Kantian legacy of a philosophical history of metaphysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze Dilthey's philosophical project. Our basic problem is why Dilthey wanted to constitute a theory of knowledge. Dilthey aimed to determine field of human sciences in terms of method by constituting a theory of knowledge. That is known as his philosophical project. He also criticized existing theories with a view to determining his own position. In this article, we will evaluate Dilthey's project in detail. German philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey has made significant contributions in human sciences in the 19th Century, for this reason, he is considered the prominent representative of the human sciences. Dilthey aimed to separate the human sciences from the natural sciences and to determine the autonomous field of the humanities and social sciences. Dilthey emphasizes this purpose in detail in his work titled The Formation of the Historical World in the Human Sciences, in which he attempts to ground the human sciences in terms of subject-matter and method. According to Dilthey, human beings have a life in which they become aware of their own existence. Hence, they participate in life with a view to understanding their existence. Dilthey thinks that inner experience can be understood historically, so he resorts to history in his theory of knowledge. He distinguishes between "Explanation" and "Understanding". According to him, while the concept of explanation belongs to natural sciences, the concept of understanding belongs to human sciences. Dilthey argues that there is the highest form of understanding. The highest form is to understand the whole itself which includes individual experiences by starting from individual experiences. According to him, best example of this form is hermeneutics. Hermeneutics enables human beings to understand themselves in structure to which they belong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated children's understanding that an object's history may increase its significance, an appreciation that underpins the concept of historical authenticity (i.e., the idea that an item's history determines its true identity, beyond its functional or material qualities, leading people to value real items over copies or fakes). We examined the development of historical significance through the lens of parent–child conversations, and children's performance on an authenticity assessment. The final sample was American, 79.2% monoracial White, and mid‐high socio‐economic status (SES) and included 48 parent–child pairs: 24 with younger children (R = 3.5 to 4.5 years) and 24 with older children (R = 5.5 to 6.5 years). Parent–child pairs discussed three books we created, with three storylines: a museum (culturally authentic) storyline, a clean‐up (personally authentic) storyline, and a control storyline. Across measures, conversations suggested that authenticity may begin as a "placeholder concept" that is initially rooted in a broad appreciation for the significance of old objects and only later filled in with specifics. This placeholder initially directs children's learning about authenticity by linking, in an unspecified way, the value and significance of objects to their past. For example, we found that young children appropriately appealed to history (vs. perceptual or functional features of objects) in contexts regarding authentic objects but struggled in determining which objects were more significant on the post‐test assessment, suggesting that they attend to object history but are not yet sure how histories matter for making authenticity judgments. We also found some evidence that directing children's attention toward conceptual information related to object history may in turn direct them away from material or perceptual considerations, as seen in trade‐offs in parents' and children's conversations. Together, this exploratory report offers many new avenues for work on the development of authenticity concepts in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STEAM has gained traction across informal and formal educational settings, but the connections between STEAM disciplines are not always obvious to youth. We argue that an explicit focus on how art and STEM overlap in the world, and how these overlaps connect personally to learner's interests and concerns, is a way to support the development of STEAM-related identities. We developed a "STEAM objects" pedagogical activity aimed at explicitly surfacing the ways that art and STEM are intertwined in everyday objects, as well as the ways that STEAM is connected to learners' own lives. We piloted the activity with educators, asking what they took up from the experience. Our results show how the educators made connections to land, historicity, their professions, function, aesthetics, and agency of materials during the activity. The STEAM objects served as boundary objects that illustrated the integrative nature of art and STEM in the world, as well as bridging important aspects of their lives and STEAM. We discuss the importance of recognizing and leveraging the multiplicities of meaning and ways of knowing, as well as implications for the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Materiały Budowlane is the property of Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is a tribute to Alain Touraine. It examines our society today and sketches out analyses that owe much to his questioning and teachings, as well as to the half-century-long companionship I was lucky enough to have with him.

This paper is an attempt to provide an alternative and enriched genealogy of the utopian masterplan for Cold War era Berlin titled “The City in the City: Berlin, the Green Archipelago,” which the German architect Oswald Mathias Ungers developed in the latter half of the 1970s. This highly speculative project concerned with Berlin’s charged voids is dissected through a series of micro-histo[1]ries relative to the precedents that inform its fragmentary nature. Rather than a singularity or the product of a mastermind aided by disciples, as it has thus far been approached in the historiography of architecture, I shall position it as a centerpiece in a series of projects that unveil a shared repertory of formal operations and intellectual concerns. In tandem, the paper provides a lexicon for the term fragment as it has been perceived, theorized, and deployed in this sociopolitical and historical context, namely six distinct definitions, effects, and states of the fragment - fractures, ruins, debris, lacunae, elements, and the notion of the unfinished. Through this scope, I consider the preoccupation with formal disjunction between parts and whole in architectural discourse during the second half of the twentieth century, particularly as it relates to the experience and design of the city. The latter, I argue, is informed by a critical stance to the technophiliac and abstrac[1]tionist tendencies of Modern architecture and a swerve towards a renewed interest in history and the palimpsestic quality of the urban tissue in the aftermath of World War II.

The Islamic community experienced a crisis at the beginning of the 20th century. The condition of women at that time was very concerning. Women were regarded as Konco Wingking (a term referring to those responsible for household chores), a position that had evolved into an ingrained cultural ideology contributing to women's ignorance and backwardness. This issue was of great importance to Nyai Ahmad Dahlan and her husband, prompting them to initiate the establishment of an internaat (boarding school) to support Indonesian girls. This study examines the history of the Sopo Tresno and Aisyiyah da'wah movements. It is a literature-based research drawing primary sources from books, conference proceedings, and scholarly works. The approach used is descriptive-analytical, with data validity tested using measures of transferability and reliability. The analysis method employed is inductive. The results will establish the foundation of Aisyiyah's da'wah from Sopo Tresno (1914) to Aisyiyah in 2010 from the perspective of aqidah.

Richard Bourke brings Hegel back to the forefront of the debate with masterful theoretical clarity, philosophical acumen, historical accuracy, and impressive knowledge, presenting to us a vivid account of Hegel's political thought. In this brief note I discuss the central philosophical, hermeneutical, and historical concerns of the book while highlighting its principal contributions to the wider scholarship on Hegel, in the history of political thought, and to recent debates about revolutions in nineteenth-century Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main question of the study is whether our existential problems are changing historically and, if so, what is specific to our era. The paper first distinguishes three main types of existential problems (external, internal and structural), secondly presents the historical dimension of existential experiences. In the third step, it argues that not only do existential experiences change with age, but most probably the form of the subject is exposed to historical transformation. The final part of the paper analyses the uncertainty of our present existential condition from the perspective of the concept of the contemporary subject. I try to argue throughout the paper that a clearly articulated set of concepts of existential thinking can be useful for qualitative psychological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As organisms that live and interact in groups, humans are social beings and have social needs such as communication, socialization/interaction, participation in groups, and belonging to a community and place. However, as metropolitan cities have become more crowded, society has started to lose its ties with each other. This is the current state of neighborhoods, which are defined as the essence of the city. In today's society, where public life has collapsed, it has become necessary to create common grounds where people can come together for the 'reconstruction of the public person'. Open public events and rituals, which are seen as a community-building tool, give people reasons to come to a place and use it again; they enable them to meet on a common ground and purpose, and play a role in creating a community spirit. In this respect, the study aims to first analyze international guides for public events and then offer suggestions for the content of a conceptual event and organization guide for the Şişli/Kurtuluş district of Istanbul. The study examines events and organizations from a socio-spatial perspective and is important in terms of providing recommendations for the 'Kurtuluş' district, which has been selected as a sample area and is a district with both historical and cultural authenticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting in the nineteenth century, 'society' emerged as a new object of contemplation, a new conception of historicity, and a new framework of norms in Bengal. This article asks what kind of epistemological project this turn to the social represented, and what its emergence suggests about the historical circumstances that underwrote its conditions of possibility. I suggest that, beyond the narrower framework of colonial knowledge, the social emerged as a reflexive inquiry into the ways in which the conditions of collective and individual life were being transformed by practices of interdependence that defied containment to regional geographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a novel conceptualization and dataset of post-neoliberal populism in contemporary Latin America and Eastern Europe. By drawing insights from structuralist theories, which understood populism as historically grounded in political economy developments, I critique dominant minimal definitions and propose a synthetic conceptual alternative for the analysis of multidimensional and dynamic challengers of the watershed neoliberal revolutions that both regions have undergone since the late twentieth century. To this end, I disaggregate populism's key dimensions of anti-establishment discourse, illiberal ideology, and strategic organization into functionally interactive attributes; justify post-neoliberal populism as a family resemblance category; and develop a roadmap for case selection and measurement. I then illustrate the empirical validity and theoretical relevance of my approach by assessing the magnitude of post-neoliberal populism in 198 national-level elections in 33 Latin American and Eastern European democracies and by identifying the decline of the traditional Left as its correlate in both regions. By focusing on conceptual unity and cross-regional parallels, the article demonstrates that, contrary to conventional misconceptions, a family resemblance categorization of contemporary populism not only facilitates empirically rigorous research, but also stimulates mid-range theorizing at the intersection of intra-regional specificity and more general historicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I will in this article use Fircks as a point of departure for trying to understand the complexities involved in the use of the concept of mindfulness. As will be seen, mindfulness can be traced to a decoupling from a religious background and subsequent appropriation within several Western contexts. This will then be used for a discussion of how to deal with the historicity of the phenomena studied within cultural psychology. Here two reminders will be suggested, namely understanding phenomena through a context-sensibility and at the same time being aware of any disciplinary parochialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the linguistic landscape of refurbished historical streets to reveal the semiotic construction of antiquity and commodification of heritage. Based on signage data collected from four historical blocs in Shanghai, Hangzhou and Ningbo in East China, this study reveals how Chinese semiotic artifacts contribute to stylizing antiquity and reinvigorating the space of consumption. Results suggest that the fabricated historical streets sustain the tourism rhetoric of cultural pride and commercial profit by appealing to history, tradition, exoticism, and nostalgia. The study problematizes orchestrated heritage tourism and points to the use of English as potentially subversive in the Chinese linguistic landscape. • History is refabricated and commodified to satiate tourist desires. • Traditional Chinese language serves to authenticate ancient Chineseness. • Access to history-saturated semiotic resources is unequally distributed. • English potentially counteracts the spatial hegemony of historicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the Muhkam and Mutashabih has gained prominence due to its inherent importance. It has undergone various stages of understanding, from problematic definitions and characterizations to specific areas, circles, and categories of those who comprehend and grasp its meanings. This is evident in the Ta'wil of four foundational terms: (Umm al-Kitab), (Mutashabih), (Zaigh), and (Ta'wil). Most scholars have limited the Quran's ambiguity, muhkam wa mutashabih, to the ghaybiyyat, which has not and will not be understood. They have made it a red line, restricted to worship and emotional arousal, without having any contact with reality, despite the dynamism of its texts. Then, ambiguity became a weapon in the hands of sects; its evidence was sound, and the evidence of its opponents was ambiguous, without any safeguards against slips. The difference in this case stems from the distinct definitions of the mutashabih. The definition of "Mutashabih" among the Salaf differs from that of the Khalaf. For the early scholars, Mutashabih was limited to its linguistic meaning. For the later scholars, it was defined by its technical meaning. This confusion has led to problems in identifying, defining, and explaining the benefits of Mutashabih. The mutashabih in the Quran is relative. It is the "green space" that relates to human reality in its various aspects, especially in the branches of issues. mutashabih constant change according to events, It is a place of flexibility, interaction, and adaptation. Therefore, it is a source of disagreement and dispute in its understanding, application, and implementation. It is the one that needs to be re-examined and contemplated in a way that suits their circumstances, without contradicting the principles and constants. The Ta'wil mutashabih means converting them from abstract concepts in the mind into practical behavior in the outside world. This applies to both declarative and injunctive sentences. For declarative sentences, Ta'wil involves revealing the image that these sentences form in the reality we live in the future of earthly life. For injunctive sentences, Ta'wil involves transforming them into practical behavior that can be implemented in the real world. The second type of verses is less in number than the first type There is no connection between the Muhkam and mutashabih in terms of clarification, explanation, restriction, specification, or other aspects. Ambiguity is relative; it is the green space related to reality, especially the branches, which are subject to renewed changes according to events. Ambiguity is a place of flexibility and adaptation, leading to disagreements in its understanding and application. The matter in question must be reevaluated in a manner that aligns with the current conditions while remaining consistent with the underlying principles and enduring factors. In fact, the difference and disparity in the mutashabih does not necessitate the excommunication of the other, since it falls within the realm of branches and its scope. The people of deviation are a group from the same people of the Sunnah and the Community, whose Ta'wils were influenced by passion and desire, not proof and argument; with the intention of misleading and causing strife. They came up with a strange Ta'wil of the branches. Therefore, the Mutashabih should not be a platform for excommunication. Most of it was not a subject of consensus and could be subject to difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Auch, BM, 10, more than 120 maniculae, or manicules, touch the text of the Historia destructionis Troiae by Guido delle Colonne with their short or disproportionately long fingers. These maniculae are accompanied by brackets, notae, various remarks. They testify to an active reading of the work, which brushes against the writing as closely as possible, signalling and selecting passages, sometimes simply pointing out, sometimes recopying, summarizing, or commenting. This practice, which was by no means specific to the Trojan material, is far more apparent in manuscripts of the Latin work compared to those of its French source (Benoît de Sainte-Maure) and in the French prose versions that stem directly from it. By examining manuscripts of both the Latin and French traditions, and while also taking into account the methodological biases that this approach implies, this article interprets the presence of reading marks (maniculae, underlining, notes) in Trojan texts. I retrace various types of reading, which include character-focused, historical, moral or rhetorical modes of reading. I demonstrate that specific readerly profiles emerge, and more specifically, that such marks of reading turn out to be topical teaching tools or otherwise present a more subjective interaction with the textual matter. In short, I examine how these hands touching the words might inform our understanding of the reception of Troy during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the intimate connections between proximity, temporality and metanarrative in selected thirteenth- and fourteenth-century multi-text manuscripts of Benoît de Sainte-Maure's Roman de Troie (c. 1165) and the Roman d'Eneas (c. 1155), arguing that all display a desire for narratives of the past to construct collective meaning in the later medieval present. It uses the phrase romance historicity/ies to explore the compilatory metanarratives that these books construct, arguing that romance as a genre displays a multifaceted concept of history that combines linear chronology, thematic repetition and narratives of heroic individuals, which is demonstrated in varying degrees in these manuscripts. It highlights that although genre is indeed an important organising principle in such narratives, the relationship between romance and history is fluid even within this generic horizon of expectation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article revisits complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) and provides a new synthesis that, the authors argue, may empower language teachers. The particular focus is on the interplay between change and stability in complex dynamic systems, including language teaching and learning. The article identifies four key dynamical properties of complex dynamic systems, which reflect change, stability, and the interplay between these two. The dynamical properties are historicity, adaptiveness, nonlinearity, and emergence. The authors associate these dynamic properties with four recognisable types of activity: normative, contingent, creative, and purposeful teaching and learning. The central argument is that language teaching and learning are interconnected, and language teaching that promotes these four types of teaching and learning activity may also promote opportunities for language learning. The authors conclude with a discussion of how teachers may use this CDST perspective to reflect on three aspects of their professional context—teaching, language, and agency—and how such reflection, followed by action, may promote opportunities for language learning in their contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The ethno-nationalist historiography in South Asia primarily emerged as the postcolonial critique of British colonialism. Alternatively, the anti-caste historiographers have criticized the postcolonial historiography for reflecting the similar hegemonic bias towards the possible pre-or-post colonial histories of the internally colonized classes and castes. In this article, while appreciating with epistemic humility the equally legitimate position of Michel Boivin, I interrogate the concept of the 'declassed' caste groups as it tends to relativize the erasure of caste, the structural aspect that is peripheral to Boivin's avowed goal of capturing diversity instead of difference, but central to the contemporary critical anti-caste scholarship that I rely on as an alternative framework of reference. Contending his selective epistemic prioritizing of the privileged Amil, Khoja, Mirza castes, I argue that Boivin's archival ethnography has not effectively attended to the embedded caste-based political orders. He has failed to adequately address the possible erasure of caste, thereby adding to the ahistorical portrayal of the underprivileged castes such as Kolhi, Bheel, Meghwar, and Jogi. Boivin's rendering of the 'Sufi Paradigm', therefore, is in continuation with the scholarship on Sindh that undermines hierarchical differences based on caste discrimination, and facilitates Sindhi progressive intelligentsia to historicize the privileged caste myth of caste-neutral Sufi Sindh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the anthropological and philosophical causes of the current ecological crisis. It points out that a fundamental cause for current ecological crisis is the modern dualism that contrasts nature and history. Through various processes of modernity such as the consolidation of historicity together with the idea of progress, changes in the perception of time, the separation of space and time, the dissociation of natural history from total history, and the solipsistic dualism of Cartesianism, all contribute to constitute modernity as dissociation and "history" as the predominant epistemological matrix both for thinking about reality and for intervening in it. As a way of overcoming this overvaluation of history in recent decades, a new principle emerges, the "principle of care" for the Earth together with intragenerational and intergenerational responsibility as the only plausible ways to comprehensively address the serious ecological crisis affecting us. This new ethic of care is inseparable from strictly theological reasons that call for safeguarding the Earth as the dwelling place of the Logos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Game of Life (GoL) is a paradigmatic computer simulation that exhibits the emergence of complex properties of the whole from relatively simple sets of heuristic rules operating at lower organizational levels. Therefore, it is widely understood as a valuable tool for investigating global properties of evolutionary processes. Cognizant of refined concepts that emerged in recent debates on the central role of historical contingency (historicity) in evolution, we modify the original GoL rules by introducing an updating feedback loop and a probability factor that reflect the degree of historicity in pattern evolution as both stochastic path dependence and sensitivity to initial conditions. We examine this trait in simulations of the emergence and breaking of bilateral and radial symmetries commonly observed in the evolution of life, most prominently as evolving body plans. We show that the implementation of historicity parameters leads to a more realistic sequential and gradual alternating emergence and the breaking of new symmetries than the original set of rules. Apart from its more realistic representations of evolutionary processes, the new approach allows for easier exploration of the parameter space, demonstrates the sequential and gradual emergence and breaking of symmetries, and provides a publicly available and modular simulation tool. We discuss the exploratory potential of the modified GoL platform we designed as an extended thought experiment to study the parameter space defining the historicity of biological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the debate on peace ethics in Germany, it is constantly argued that the 'doctrine of just war' must be replaced by a 'doctrine of just peace'. The criteriology of just war can at best be preserved within a doctrine of just peace. However, it is often overlooked that—although the word 'peace' may sound nicer than 'war'—a doctrine of just peace is also fraught with great difficulties in terms of content. The concept of peace can be interpreted in different ways; the concept of justice must even be differentiated if it is to have meaning at all. Ultimately, the two concepts point to a different understanding of tradition and historicity: while the doctrine of just war takes its criteria from the tradition, the idea of just peace attempts to draw conclusions for the present from drafts or blueprints of the future. However, since the drafts can turn out differently, new conflicts will arise precisely for this reason. Talk of 'just peace' might be more pleasing to the public, but does not necessarily have to be more restrictive in terms of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attack on the twin towers of the World Trade Centre on September 11, 2001 and its hyper-visual aftermath has led to a new paradigm in Euro-American collective consciousness. This new paradigm is marked by an almost obsessive reliance on the image of the moment and the image as the ultimate source of or rather the absence of meaning. Kamila Shamsie’s fiction Burnt Shadows exemplifies a point of departure from what has become an almost salient feature of Euro-American narrative on violence, its representation, and historicity. This paper explores how Shamsie forges an alternate interpretative apparatus that resolutely refuses to give in to the singularity of a moment (and its image) as a defining trope of terror and its representation. Instead, Shamsie’s novel weaves a complex pattern of other stories gleaned from across time and from the frontier spaces of present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan that have remained largely unrecognized in the Euro-American cultural landscape. Emphasizing the relevance of the vast topography of catastrophe and continual human wreckage woven in Burnt Shadows this paper considers Shamsie’s approach as a necessary and timely intervention that reformulates violence and its historicity beyond the delimiting scope of a singular, overarching trope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how urban temporalities have come to alternately foster and hinder migrants' incorporation into the larger social body. It draws on ethnographic and archival research conducted in Eisenhüttenstadt, Germany, and focuses on the so‐called "migrant crisis" of 2015, which resonated with earlier migration histories in the region. When Eisenhüttenstadt was founded in 1950, nearly one‐third of its residents were naturalized East German citizens. Yet under the socialist regime, any acknowledgment of their migration background was expressly forbidden and perceived as a threat to Eastern Bloc geopolitical alliances. Around 2015, however, this history reemerged, first at the local cultural history museum and later, in public discourse. This article attends to the shifting positionality of migration histories within the context of the former East Germany, which was perceived as European in a global context but post‐socialist in a German context. In doing so, it reveals how tensions between individual and urban futurities influence solidarity, integration, and national belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study is based on the concept of translation being a dialogue between the author and translator, between the source text and the mode of translation, and between two intellectual environments in two cultures. The translation of texts in the humanities is an academic activity, a type of scholarly dialogue which translators enter at several levels - by the gesture of selecting the text to be translated, by the ways of transferring the text to the receiving environment, and by choosing the method of translation. In relation to the choice of texts for translation, this article discusses the effect of the historical context of the receiving environment, the translator's relationship to relevant scientific disciplines, and the receptibility of the text in the receiving environment. These will be demonstrated through an analysis of both Slovak and Czech translations of the work of René Descartes (1954 and 2016) and Slovak translations of Jean-Paul Sartre (1964) and George Steiner (2022), while considering the different periods of their creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This book searches on the drafting (known as Repartimiento) of indigenous people between 1878 and 1886. It invites the reader to rethink the construction of our Nation's historicity through a bottom-up approach, based on a strong consideration of the people in bottom position. From the perspective of microhistory, and with the concept of genre as a central analytical category, Pablo Daniel Arias presents the reconstruction of four biographies that take the reader not only into the particular experiences of certain individuals but also into the imaginaries of a time and a Nation. Here, the protagonists are not the big heroes or villains now in our national pantheon, and their stories are not related to great historic deeds. On the contrary, the book deals with three women's and an indigenous boy's courses from the moment of their forced drafting in the context of the euphemistic Desert Campaign up to their placement in Buenos Aires family homes or their recruitment in the Argentine Army. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of postmodern thinking in the sciences, especially in biology, has been subject to harsh criticism. Contrary to Enlightenment ideals of objectivity and neutrality in the scientific method, the postmodern stance holds that truth is relative, not universal, and therefore progress is ambiguous. The effect of postmodern thought has ramifications that extend from the distrust of preexisting scientific conclusions to questions about the impact of progress in society. It also reflects skepticism about the scientific endeavor. Especially when postmodern ideas are considered to have gained traction, the anti-postmodern critique has become harsher. At stake is whether postmodern notions are indeed irrelevant, and—even more important—whether they compromise scientific progress. The conditional significance of universals in biology and the role of historicity in the evolutionary process makes biology different from the other natural sciences and subjects it to the postmodern critique. This article argues that rather than being viewed as a science that seeks universals, biology should be viewed as a construct, more relevant to a technology, aiming to attain functionalities. Such recognition may fuel progress and assist biology in attaining its ultimate goal, which is to address the most intricate questions about the living world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are name statistics in the Gospels and Acts a good test of historicity? Kamil Gregor and Brian Blais, in a recent article of the jshj , argue that the sample of name occurrences in the Gospels and Acts is too small to be determinative and that several statistical anomalies weigh against a positive verdict. Unfortunately, their conclusions result directly from improper testing and questionable data selection. Chi-squared goodness-of-fit testing establishes that name occurrences in the Gospels and Acts fit into their historical context at least as well as those in the works of Josephus. Additionally, they fit better than occurrences derived from ancient fictional sources and occurrences from modern, well-researched historical novels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid growth of wireless mobile networks and the proliferation of user-generated content, ensuring efficient and effective content moderation has become imperative. To address the challenges posed by the increasing workload in content moderation, along with the lack of management in third-party moderation, this paper presents a decentralized quality management mechanism for content moderation in wireless mobile networks. Our approach leverages permissioned blockchain to establish a transparent and trustworthy infrastructure. Through the utilization of smart contracts, we automate content moderation management rules, thereby enhancing management efficiency. Our mechanism combines quality' evaluation and monetary incentives based on historical authenticity data. This not only incentivizes participants to consistently provide high-quality services but also ensures fairness within the system. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in encouraging high-quality contributions, deterring low-quality data from bad-behaved participants, and improving performance. Security analysis reveals that the cost of collusion outweighs the potential benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Álabe is the property of Alabe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Together, ecological psychology and enactivism can explain imagination as being driven by affordance competition. This paper presents synaptic plasticity as a hotspot for the respective historicity. First, (i) affordances are introduced as directly perceptible on the ecological view, and as co-created by an individual on the enactive view. After pointing out their compatibility, (ii) empirical underpinnings of the historicity of affordance competition are summarized and followed by a non-representational interpretation thereof. They are used to explain: (iii) What affords imagining? After discussing both van Dijk and Rietveld’s in 2020 non-representational answer and McClelland’s in 2020 representational one, I propose a more general explanation: a stand-off between competing affordances can be resolved by imagination, driven by affordance competition. Arguably, (iv) the sensorimotor traces of previous interactions (e.g., strengthened synapses) can be repurposed as representations – grounding even representational explanations in an ecologized enactive framework.

In "World War Two Simulated: Digital Games and Reconfigurations of the Past," Curtis D Carbonell explores how digital games simulate World War Two and engage players with historical content outside traditional academic study. The book discusses the relationship between simgames and simtexts, highlighting how gameplay can lead to deeper exploration of historical topics. Carbonell also addresses the limitations and potential harmful effects of simulating history in digital games, emphasizing the importance of historical accuracy and awareness in game design. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the dialectics of freedom in the poem "Ode on a Grecian Urn" by John Keats and its connection with the concepts of truth and beauty according to interpretations by philosophers Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Karl Marx. It discusses Hegel's aesthetics in reading the poem as an embodiment of subjectivity and transcendence of freedom in Romantic art drawing from the Eleusinian mystery. It examines the Marxian aesthetics oriented around historicity and immanence of freedom.

John Maclean's 1988 call "Marxism and IR: A Strange Case of Mutual Neglect" has generated a rich bounty of Marxist studies and paradigms in International Relations (IR). This cross-pollination merged in the 1990s with the "historical turn" and shaped the sub-fields of International Historical Sociology and International Political Economy. But has it left its mark on how IR is practised today? We argue that while Marxism has spoken significantly to the discipline, mainstream IR, even Historical IR, has been largely impervious to Marxist arguments, drawing the standard charge of economism and structuralism. Rectifying these critiques, we suggest that conventional historical studies of "the international" remain methodologically and substantively impoverished. We exemplify this by showing how leading Historical IR studies of "systems change" fail to explain the inside/outside and public/private differentiations constitutive of the modern international order and to integrate the "levels of analysis" they presuppose. We further argue that this rejection has been facilitated by influential Marxist IR paradigms, which ultimately privilege structuralism over historicism: While Neo-Gramscians initially mobilised "historicism" to dissolve claims about the "sameness" of international relations across time and space, the approach became identified with the reified master-category of "hegemony". Uneven and Combined Development, in turn, has gravitated towards matching Neo-realism's claim to theoretical universality by insisting on transhistorical model-building and nomological "grand theory". Both approaches remain over-sociologised and fail to address international politics. Drawing on radically historicist Political Marxism, this article shows how its substantive socio-political premises explain the historical formation of the contemporary international order and re-unite the "levels of analysis" theoretically to provide a framework for non-reductionist and non-economistic accounts of historical international relations. This requires an answer to the agentic challenge of Neo-Classical Realism by reincorporating grand strategy, diplomacy, and international politics into a reformulated perspective of Geopolitical Marxism to track the full historicity of the making of international orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key ambition of this introduction is to bring the question of temporality to the centre of anthropological engagements with Syria and the diverse legacies of the past thirteen years of upheaval. Engaging with temporality, tempo and tempus are central to this endeavour. How can we, as scholars, speak across the moving and malleable terrain of discrepant Syrian experiences that are themselves moving in time - that are speaking back to what happened and holding on to hopes and futures envisioned in the past, while simultaneously moving towards new and different understandings and futures? By way of introduction to the issue, this article offers some theoretical reflections on this question in conversation with Syrians' varied and changing engagements with the past, which are crucial to comprehending how Syrians are moving towards the future, or more accurately different futures. Centrally, the text advances an understanding of how time and history not simply flow but rather, as Michel Serres points to, they percolate. Attending to such percolation allows us to appreciate the plural Syrian engagements with the past, present, and future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on ethnographic research in Santa Cruz Mixtepec, Mexico, this article investigates a local debate about the identity of a historic statue of a saint. It shows that historical and object biography approaches cannot fully account for the different ways that people draw on material evidence, religious understandings, and their own perceptions of the past when engaging with such meaningful objects. To more fully account for such processes, I develop the concept of ‘material historicity,’ which provides a framework that connects theories of materiality and historical consciousness. This framework will allow scholars to understand how objects and their material qualities provoke and enable creative and interpretive engagements with the past, and how these engagements interact with one another in the present. The case of the Mixtepec Saint shows that in addition to these analytical possibilities, attention to material historicity can also offer a politics that challenges the authority of secular, historicist interpretations of the past by allowing multiple perspectives to be considered on equal footing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article revolves around the notion of universality and its relation to freedom and temporal orientation in contemporary political thought, with a focus on Susan Buck-Morss' notion of universality. The purpose is twofold. Firstly, I discern and critique the historico-political premises of her approach. Secondly, I suggest an alternative historico-political approach to universality addressing the drawbacks of her approach. I present three objections to her approach. Drawing on Arendt's distinction between liberation and the practice of freedom, I first present a critique of the conceptualisation of freedom on which Buck-Morss' approach hinges, arguing that she overemphasises the moment of liberation. Thereafter, I turn to her reflections on historical orientation. My third objection concentrates on Buck-Morss' concept of universality. As a heuristic tool to expound on my critique, I activate the distinction between fictive and ideal universality as suggested by Étienne Balibar. I contend that Arendt's distinction between liberation and the practice of freedom efficiently elucidates the questions at stake in Balibar's discussion, as well as how his distinction points to the limits of Buck-Morss' argumentation. Ultimately, I contend that these critical remarks open up for a more dialectical approach to universality as a historical-political problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]