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Tubes by fibre templates (TUFT) is a process that is used to fabricate tubular materials. Tube dimension depend on the template fibre size and coating thickness, while tube regularity depend on the coating and template removal methods. We have studied preparation of tubes using electrospun fibres of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyamide-66 (PA) as templates, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 as coating, and dissolution as well as the heat treatment in template removal. Smooth tubes were obtained is dissolution of PVP and PA templates and when heat treatment was used as template removal. Dissolution of PVA, on the other hand, produced novel nanostructured and high surface area coral-like material. This material, which we have called "nano-coral", has a relatively high surface area due to the interconnected cavities formed after the removal of the template. Nanotubular materials has potential in catalysts carriers, filtration and other application fields

Growing environmental concerns related to the use of synthetic non-biodegradable polymers in the packaging industry have led to the need for new, especially bio-based, materials. Currently, petroleum-based synthetic polymers are widely used due to their relatively low cost and high performance. Biodegradable plastics and fibre-based materials have been proposed as a solution to the waste problems related to these synthetic polymers. Fibre-based packaging materials have many advantages over their non-biodegradable competitors, such as stiffness vs. weight ratio and recyclability. However, poor barrier properties and sensitivity to moisture are the main challenges restricting their use. Application of a thin coating layer is one way to overcome these problems and to improve the barrier properties of such materials. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a well suited technique for depositing thin inorganic coatings onto temperature-sensitive materials such as polymer-coated boards and papers and polymer films. In the present work, thin and highly uniform Al2O3 coatings were deposited at relatively low temperatures of 80, 100 and 130 °C onto various bio-based polymeric materials employing the ALD technique. The study demonstrates that a 25-nm-thick ALD-grown Al2O3 coating significantly enhances the oxygen and water vapour barrier performance of these materials. Promising barrier properties were obtained with polylactide-coated board, hemicellulose-coated board as well as various biopolymer (polylactide, pectin and nanofibrillated cellulose) films after coating with a 25-nm-thick Al2O3 layer. Thin Al2O3 coatings can improve the properties of biopolymers, enabling the use of these renewable polymers in the production of high-performance materials for demanding food and pharmaceutical packaging applications. The future roll-to-roll ALD technology for coating polymers with inorganic thin films will increase the industrial potential of these materials and could lead to further opportunities for their commercialization.

Thin Al2O3 coatings were deposited at low temperatures of 80 or 100°C on various polymercoated boards and plain polymer fi lms using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The work demonstrated that such ALD-grown Al2O3 coatings signifi cantly enhance the barrier performance against oxygen and water vapour. Even extremely thin (25 nm) barrier coatings of Al2O3 could be suitable barrier layers for dry food and pharmaceutical packages made from temperature-sensitive fi bre-based materials. It was also demonstrated that these coatings may have relatively high seal strengths when sealed against LDPE coatings or themselves. In addition, ALD-grown Al2O3 coating did not significantly reduce the degradability of biopolymercoated boards in composting conditions.

VTT on kehittänyt ympäristöystävällisen barrier-pinnoitteen, joka tarjoaa uuden tavan valmistaa täysin kierrätettäviä, ohuita, kevyitä ja tiiviitä pakkausmateriaaleja erityisesti elintarvike- ja lääkepakkauksiin.