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Background The semidry dot-blot method is a diagnostic procedure for detecting lymph node (LN) metastases using the presence of cytokeratin (CK) in lavage fluid from sectioned LNs. We evaluated 2 novel kits that use newly developed anti-CK-19 antibodies to diagnose LN metastases in breast cancer. Patients and Methods We examined 159 LNs dissected that we sliced at 2-mm intervals and washed with phosphate-buffered saline. The suspended cells in the lavage were centrifuged and lysed to extract protein. This extracted protein was used with a low-power and a high-power kit to diagnose LN metastasis. Diagnoses on the basis of the kits were compared with pathological diagnoses. Results Of the 159 LNs, 68 were assessed as positive and 91 as negative in permanent section examination. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the low-power kit for detecting LN metastases was 83.8%, 100%, and 93.1%, respectively. Those of the high-power kit were 92.6%, 92.3%, and 92.5%, respectively. Combining the low- and high-power kit results, those for distinguishing macrometastases were 94.5%, 95.2%, and 95.0%, respectively. Diagnosis was achieved in approximately 20 minutes, at a cost of less than $30 USD. Conclusion The kits were accurate, fast, and cost-effective in diagnosing LN metastases without the loss of LN tissue.

Background: The semi-dry dot-blot (SDB) method is a diagnostic procedure for detecting lymph node (LN) metastases. Metastases are confirmed by the presence of cytokeratin (CK) in the lavage fluid of sectioned LNs using anti-CK antibody on the basis of the theory that epithelial components such as CK are not found in normal LNs. We evaluated novel SDB kits that use a newly developed anti-CK19 antibody and an automatic reader for diagnosing LN metastases in breast cancer patients. Methods: We obtained 127 LNs dissected from 78 breast cancer patients between January 2017 and April 2019 at Nagasaki University Hospital, including 18 dissected axillary LNs and 109 sentinel LNs. These were sliced at 2-mm intervals and washed with phosphate-buffered saline. The suspended cells in the lavage fluid of sliced LNs were centrifuged and lysed to extract protein. The extracted protein was applied to the SDB kit to diagnose LN metastasis using an automatic reader that evaluates absorbance. The washed LNs were blindly diagnosed by pathologists using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis with anti-CK19 antibody. Diagnoses based on absorbance were also compared with CK19 protein concentration detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Of the 127 LNs, 52 were assessed as positive and 75 as negative by histological examination with H&E and CK19 IHC. With a borderline CK19 absorbance of seven milli-absorbance (mAbs) for detecting LN metastases excluding isolated tumor cells, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the SDB kit were 92.3%, 100%, and 96.9%, respectively. In four false-negative cases, there were two CK-19-negative breast cancers and two micrometastases with obvious heat denaturation. With a borderline CK19 absorbance of 50 mAbs for distinguishing macrometastases from micrometastases, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SDB kit were 81.8%, 97.6%, and 92.1%, respectively. Diagnoses based on the kits and CK19 protein concentration, as determined by ELISA, were well correlated (r=0.90). Furthermore, diagnosis was achieved in approximately 20 min using the kits, at a cost of less than 30 USD. Conclusions: The kits used in our study with an automatic reader were accurate, quick, and cost-effective in diagnosing LN metastases without the loss of LN tissue. However, measures should be taken for clinical use in CK19-negative breast cancer and regarding heat denaturation during surgery. Citation Format: Ryota Otsubo, Hiroshi Yano, Megumi Matsumoto, Ayako Fukushima, Han-Seung Yoon, Hiroshi Hirakawa, Masahiro Oikawa, Katsuya Matsuda, Masahiro Nakashima, Takeshi Nagayasu. Evaluation of novel diagnostic kits for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer patients using the semi-dry dot-blot method combined with an automatic reader [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-04.

Uterine smooth muscle tumours are histologically categorised into benign leiomyoma, malignant leiomyosarcoma or smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potentials (STUMPs).(1) Common symptoms of uterine tumours are hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, lumbago or irregular genital bleeding. We experienced a case of uterine tumour with atypical clinical behaviour. A 40-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with leiomyoma presented with severe abdominal pain and intraperitoneal haemorrhage. By emergent surgery, we found that the uterine tumour had ruptured spontaneously. The pathological diagnosis was STUMPs. 14 months later, she underwent a second surgery for a tumour recurrence. Pathological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma. 20 months later, she underwent a third surgery for a re-recurrent tumour. After the third surgery, massive fluid containing haemorrhage accumulated inside the tumour. Percutaneous drainage of intratumour fluid was successfully performed. Chemotherapy was also taken, but it ended without significant efficacy. 3 years after the first surgery, she died because of intestinal perforation and peritonitis.

本稿では、これまで編著した「あ～と」の続編として、「な～」で始まる用語について、対訳語が複数あるものを取り上げ、類義語との異同に関する注釈を付け、用例は実例を調査して、できるだけ多く提示することを試みた。法律用語の中には「内水」のように、国際法と国内法とで定義が異なるものがあり、このような場合は対訳語の使い分けができるように工夫することを心掛けた。また、あらぬ誤訳が生じることが懸念される場合は、特殊な法律専門用語よりも、対訳語として一般的に用いられる表現を優先的に取り上げるように配慮した。著者らは商事法和英辞典の作成途上にあり、本稿には不十分なところも多々あると考えている。お気づきの点があれはご教示願いたい。, While quite a number of English-Japanese dictionaries of business and legal terms have been published in Japan, there seem to be very few Japanese-English dictionaries on the market which give clear explanations of the subtle differences in meaning between the various English equivalents of terms in such specialized fields. Due to a lack of clear guidance, Japanese users frequently hesitate over which term to select when writing business letters or drafting legal documents. We have been engaged, since 2004, in compiling a user-friendly Japanese-English dictionary that not only lists distinctively-defined equivalents for business and legal terms, but also includes clearly written notes and comments on them. The following are some of the terms we have collected over the last eight years. The dictionary is not intended to be a perfect commentary on business and legal terminology, but we hope that it will be of some use in the preparation of business letters and legal documents., 木宮直仁: 東京海洋大学名誉教授, 平川博: 社労士・行政書士 産業法務相談室

本稿では、これまで編著した「あ～そ」の続編として、「た～」で始まる用語について、対訳語が複数あるものを取り上げ、類義語との異同に関する注釈を付け、用例は実例を調査して、できるだけ多く提示することを試みた。法律用語の中には胎児のように、適用法により異なるものがあり、このような場合は対訳語の使い分けができるように工夫することを心掛けた。また、あらぬ誤訳が生じることが懸念される場合は、特殊な法律専門用語よりも、対訳語として一般的に用いられる表現を優先的に取り上げるように配慮した。 著者らは商事法和英辞典の作成途上にあり、本稿には不十分なところも多々あると考えている。お気づきの点があれはご教示願いたい。, While quite a number of English-Japanese dictionaries of business and legal terms have been published in Japan, there seem to be very few Japanese-English dictionaries on the market which give clear explanations of the subtle differences in meaning between the various English equivalents of terms in such specialized fields. Due to a lack of clear guidance, Japanese users frequently hesitate over which term to select when writing business letters or drafting legal documents. We have been engaged, since 2004, in compiling a user-friendly Japanese-English dictionary that not only lists distinctively-defined equivalents for business and legal terms, but also includes clearly written notes and comments on them. The following are some of the terms we have collected over the last three years. The dictionary is not intended to be a perfect commentary on business and legal terminology, but we hope that it will be of some use in the preparation of business letters and legal documents., 木宮直仁: 東京海洋大学名誉教授, 平川博: 社労士・行政書士 産業法務相談室

We developed an easy, quick and cost-effective detection method for lymph node metastasis called the semi-dry dot-blot (SDB) method, which visualizes the presence of cancer cells with washing of sectioned lymph nodes by anti-pancytokeratin antibody, modifying dot-blot technology. We evaluated the validity and efficacy of the SDB method for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in a clinical setting (Trial 1). To evaluate the validity of the SDB method in clinical specimens, 180 dissected lymph nodes from 29 cases, including breast, gastric and colorectal cancer, were examined. Each lymph node was sliced at the maximum diameter and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SDB method were determined and compared with the final pathology report. Metastasis was detected in 32 lymph nodes (17.8%), and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SDB method were 100, 98.0 and 98.3%, respectively (Trial 2). To evaluate the efficacy of the SDB method in sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, 174 SLNs from 100 cases of clinically node-negative breast cancer were analyzed. Each SLN was longitudinally sliced at 2-mm intervals and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and time required for the SDB method were determined and compared with the intraoperative pathology report. Metastasis was detected in 15 SLNs (8.6%), and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and mean required time of the SDB method were 93.3, 96.9, 96.6 and 43.3 min, respectively. The SDB method is a novel and reliable modality for the intraoperative diagnosis of SLN metastasis.

本稿では、これまで編著した「あ～し」の続編として、「す～」で始まる用語について、対訳語が複数あるものを取り上げ、類義語との異同に関する注釈を付け、用例は実例を調査して、できるだけ多く提示することを試みた。法律用語の中には、請求金額のように、ビジネス用語や日常語と法律用語とが異なるものがあり、このような場合は訳語の使い分けができるように工夫することを心掛けた。また、あらぬ誤訳が生じることが懸念される場合は、特殊な法律専門用語よりも、対訳語として一般的に用いられる表現を優先的に取り上げるように配慮した。 著者らは商事法和英辞典の作成途上にあり、本稿には不十分なところも多々あると考えている。お気づきの点があれはご教示願いたい。, While quite a number of English-Japanese dictionaries of business and legal terms have been published in Japan, there seem to be very few Japanese-English dictionaries on the market which give clear explanations of the subtle differences in meaning between the various English equivalents of terms in such specialized fields. Due to a lack of clear guidance, Japanese users frequently hesitate over which term to select when writing business letters or drafting legal documents. We have been engaged, since 2004, in compiling a user-friendly Japanese-Englishdictionary that not only lists distinctively-defined equivalents for business and legal terms, but also includes clearly written notes and comments on them. The following are some of the terms we have collected over the last three years. The dictionary is not intended to be a perfect commentary on business and legal terminology, but we hope that it will be of some use in the preparation of business letters and legal documents., 東京海洋大学海洋工学部流通情報工学科, 社労士・行政書士 産業法務相談室

本稿では、これまで編著した「あ～さ」の続編として、「し」で始まる用語について、対訳語が複数あるものを取り上げ、類義語との異同に関する注釈を付け、用例は実例を調査し、できるだけ多く提示することを試みた。法律用語の中には、準備書面のように、一般的な意味とは全く異なる概念のものがあり、このような場合は注釈を付け、留意点を記載するように心掛けた。また、あらぬ誤訳が生じることが懸念される場合は、特殊な法律専門用語よりも、対訳語として一般的に用いられる表現を優先的に取り上げるように配慮した。著者らは商事法和英辞典の作成途上にあり、本稿には不十分なところも多々あると考えている。お気づきの点があれはご教示願いたい。, While quite a number of English-Japanese dictionaries of business and legal terms have been published in Japan, there seem to be very few Japanese-English dictionaries on the market which give clear explanations of the subtle differences in meaning between the various English equivalents of terms in such specialized fields. Due to a lack of clear guidance, Japanese users frequently hesitate over which term to select when writing business letters or drafting legal documents. We have been engaged, since 2004, in compiling a user-friendly Japanese-English dictionary that not only lists distinctively-defined equivalents for business and legal terms, but also includes clearly written notes and comments on them. The following are some of the terms we have collected over the last three years. The dictionary is not intended to be a perfect commentary on business and legal terminology, but we hope that it will be of some use in the preparation of business letters and legal documents., 東京海洋大学海洋工学部流通情報工学科, 社労士・行政書士 産業法務相談室

本稿では、これまで編著した「あ～き」の続編として、「く～」で始まる用語について、対訳語が複数あるものを取り上げ、類義語との異同に関する注釈を付け、用例は実例を調査して、できるだけ多く提示することを試みた。法律用語の中には、「契約の解除」と「解約」のように、白紙に戻す場合と、中途で契約関係を止める場合とを区別して使い分けられるものがあるが、実務上は同義語として扱われているものがある。このような場合は註を付けて、翻訳家のために便宜を図るように心掛けた。また、「債権」のように、我が国の民法上は、金銭債権に限らず、金銭に見積もることができないものも含まれ（民法第399 条）、債務者に対して一定の行為を請求する権利をいうのに対して、英米法にはこのような概念がなく、翻訳者泣かせのものが少なくない。更に、あらぬ誤訳が生じることが懸念される場合は、特殊な法律専門用語よりも、対訳語として一般的に用いられる表現を優先的に取り上げるように配慮した。 著者らは商事法和英辞典の作成途上にあり、本稿には不十分なところも多々あると考えている。お気づきの点があれはご教示願いたい。, 東京海洋大学海洋工学部流通情報工学科, 平川社会保険労務士事務所

There is strong evidence that the angiopoietin family is involved in the regulation of tumour progression, cellular growth and differentiation. Recently, it has been reported that angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in cancer cell promotes the metastatic process by increasing vascular permeability. To elucidate ANGPTL4 expression and its association with clinicopathological factors and prognosis in human gastric adenocarcinomas, we examined 103 cases of surgically-resected human gastric adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Among 103 cases of adenocarcinoma, 38 cases (36.9%) showed positive staining in the cytoplasm of the carcinoma cells for ANGPTL4. Histologically, papillary and mucinous adenocarcinomas showed relatively high expression of ANGPTL4 (60 and 60%, respectively). The expression of ANGPTL4 was correlated with the depth of tumour invasion (p, Oncology Reports, 24(3), pp.599-606; 2010

本稿では、これまで編著した「あ～か」の続編として、「き」で始まる用語について、対訳語が複数あるものを取り上げ、類義語との異同に関する注釈を付け、用例は実例を調査して、できるだけ多く提示することを試みた。英語に由来するカタカナ語の中には、例えば「ファクター（factor）」のように、「要因」という一般的意味で頻繁に用いられるが、「金融業者」という商用語としての専門的意味で用いられることは殆どないものが数多くあり、和英辞典の見出し語として提示することを躊躇しつつ、敢えて取り上げることを試みた。尤も、あらぬ誤解を招かぬために、特殊な意味で用いられる専門用語よりも、法律実務でも用いられる一般的表現を優先的に表示するよう配慮した。 著者らは商事法和英辞典の作成途上にあり、本稿には不十分なところも多々あると考えている。お気づきの点があれはご教示願いたい。, 東京海洋大学海洋工学部流通情報工学科, 平川社会保険労務士事務所

Cortactin is a ubiquitously expressed actin filament (F-actin)-binding protein that stabilizes F-actin networks and promotes actin polymerization by activating the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex. Overexpression of cortactin in cancer cells stimulate cell migration, invasion, and experimental metastasis; however, the underlying mechanism in cortactin involvement in tumor progression is not fully understood. Recently, a direct interaction between zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and cortactin in epithelial cells was reported. The present study aimed to further clarify the significance of the interaction between cortactin and ZO-1 in cancer progression. Cortactin expression and localization in colorectal human cancer tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analysis revealed cortactin and ZO-1 interaction and localization in cancer cells. In our study, the localization of cortactin is a crucial marker for lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer. We show how the localization of cortactin effects cancer development. A molecular interaction between cortactin and ZO-1 in migrating or polarized cancer cells was revealed. This is the first report to show the interaction of cortactin and ZO-1 in colorectal cancer progression. We conclude that localization of cortactin in cancer cells and interaction between ZO-1 and cortactin are crucial for cancer progression., International journal of oncology, 35(6), pp.1271-1276; 2009

本稿では、前稿の「あ～お」に引き続き、「か」で始まる用語について、対訳語が複数あるものを取り上げ、類義語との異同に関する注釈を付け、用例は実例を調査して、できるだけ多く提示することを試みた。我が国の法体系は、明治維新以後、大陸法の影響を大きく受けて構築されて来たのに対して、戦後は米国の法制度が導入されるようになり、和洋折衷の傾向が強まっているが、裁判員と陪審員のように、概念が似て非なる用語を説明することはできても、我が国独自の「裁判員」という用語に対応する適切な訳語は思い浮かばず、頭痛の種となっている。「さ」の項に到達するまでには、裁判員制度が実施され、一般的に用いられる対訳語が登場することを期待したい。 著者らは商事法和英辞典の作成途上にあり、本稿には不十分なところも多々あると考えている。お気づきの点があれはご教示願いたい。, While quite a number of English-Japanese dictionaries of business and legal terms have been published in Japan, there seem to be very few Japanese-English dictionaries on the market which give clear explanations of the subtle differences in meaning between the various English equivalents of terms in such specialized fields. Due to a lack of clear guidance, Japanese users frequently hesitate over which term to select when writing business letters or drafting legal documents. We have been engaged, since 2004, in compiling a user-friendly Japanese-English dictionary that not only lists distinctively-defined equivalents for business and legal terms, but also includes clearly written notes and comments on them. The following are some of the terms we have collected over the last three years. The dictionary is not intended to be a perfect commentary on business and legal terminology, but we hope that it will be of some use in the preparation of business letters and legal documents., 東京海洋大学海洋工学部流通情報工学科, 平川社会保険労務士事務所

Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) was subsequently shown to function in a wide range of cellular processes. GSK-3beta is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase which performs a role in several signaling pathways including Wnt signal transduction. Recently, the activity of membrane-localized GSK-3beta has been shown to be crucial for initiation of Wnt cascade. In our study, the membrane localization of GSK-3beta was found on the apical membrane of normal epithelium, where co-localized and directly bound with MUC1. In colorectal cancer, depolarized cells showed the aberrant distribution of GSK-3beta on the cellular membrane with beta-catenin nuclear accumulation. The aberrant distribution of the membrane-localized GSK-3beta may contribute to the development of colorectal cancer., Cancer Letters, 275(1), pp.158-162; 2009

我々日本人が英文のビジネスレターを読む場合は，英米の社会制度や経済・法律用語について優れた辞典や解説書があって概ね正しく理解できたとしても，英語でビジネスレターを書くときは，和英辞典を引いても日本語に相当する適当な英語が見当たらなかったり，或いは英語に同義語や類義語が複数あっていずれを選ぶべきか迷ったりして，なかなか思うように筆が進まないことが多い。しかも日本語にあって，英語にない表現も数多くあるので，尚更のことである。ところで，我々日本人が英文でビジネスレターを書く際に直面する困難の要因を検討してみると，次のような項目が挙げられよう。①日本に固有の制度であること（例えば，「改正原戸籍簿」。強いて英訳すれば，"Revised Original Family Register" ではなく，"Old Original Family Register" であろう）②英語には同義語や類義語が多いこと（例えば，「課税」と"taxation, levy, imposition"）③日米で概念が異なること（例えば，「殺人」と"murder, manslaughter, homicide"）④英語で通用しない和製英語が氾濫していること（例えば，「セールスポイント」と"selling point"）上記の要因はいずれも克服し難いものであるが，著者らは適切な用語や表現方法がなくて日本人が悩むことの多い事例を集め，ニュアンスの差異を明確にしたり（強調し過ぎた感もあるが），用例を提示したりすることにより，痒い所に手の届く商事法和英辞典の編纂を試みることとした。引き続き完成を目指して努力する所存であるが，誤謬や説明不足，その他何でも気づいたことをご指摘頂ければ有り難い。本稿は数年前から編纂に着手している『法務和英辞典』のあ行（あ～お）の中から，司法・行政・立法の各機関で用いられる法律専門用語ばかりでなく，企業法務や商事法務の部門で用いられるビジネス用語も拾い出し，特に複数の訳語があるものに焦点を当てたが，英米法にない概念の訳語も若干取り上げた。尚，本稿では見出し語に対応する各項目の英語には冠詞を省いてあり，用例中では必要に応じて冠詞を付したので参考にはなると思うが，冠詞の要不要，定冠詞・不定冠詞の別は英英辞典や英和辞典で調べて頂きたい。著者らはまだ現在作成途上にあり，まだ不十分なところも多々あると考えている。お気づきの点があれはご教示願いたい。, While quite a number of English-Japanese dictionaries of business and legal terms have been published in Japan, there seem to be very few Japanese-English dictionaries on the market which give clear explanations of the subtle differences in meaning between the various English equivalents of terms in such specialized fields. Due to a lack of clear guidance, Japanese users frequently hesitate over which term to select when writing business letters or drafting legal documents. We have been engaged, since 2004, in compiling a user-friendly Japanese-English dictionary that not only lists distinctively-defined equivalents for business and legal terms, but also includes clearly written notes and comments on them. The following are some of the terms we have collected over the last three years. The dictionary is not intended to be a perfect commentary on business and legal terminology, but we hope that it will be of some use in the preparation of business letters and legal documents., 東京海洋大学海洋工学部流通情報工学科, 平川社会保険労務士事務所

Background: The semi-dry dot-blot (SDB) method is a diagnostic procedure for detecting lymph node (LN) metastases. Metastases are confirmed by the presence of cytokeratin (CK) in lavage fluid of sectioned LNs that contain anti-pancytokeratin antibody, based on the theory that epithelial components such as CK are not found in normal LNs. We evaluated two novel SDB kits that use the newly developed anti-CK19 antibody for diagnosing LN metastases in breast cancer. Methods: We obtained 159 LNs dissected from 93 breast cancer patients from July 2013 to December 2015 at Nagasaki University Hospital, including 38 dissected axillary LNs and 121 sentinel LNs, sliced at 2-mm intervals and washed with phosphate-buffered saline. The suspended cells in the lavage fluid of sliced LNs were centrifuged and lysed to extract protein. This extracted protein was used with a low-power and a high-power kit to diagnose LN metastasis. The washed LNs were blindly diagnosed by pathologists using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Diagnoses based on the kit were compared with their H&E counterparts. Results: Of the 159 LNs, 68 were assessed as positive and 91 as negative by permanent pathological examination with H&E. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the low-power kit for detecting LN metastases was 83.8%, 100%, and 93.1%, respectively. In 11 false-negative cases, there were nine micrometastases, producing a sensitivity of 96.4% for detecting macrometastases. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the high-power kit for detecting LN metastases was 92.6%, 92.3%, and 92.5%, respectively. Combining the low- and high-power kit results, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for distinguishing macrometastases from micrometastases was 94.5%, 95.2%, and 95.0%, respectively. Diagnosis was achieved in approximately 20 min using the kits, at a cost of less than 25 USD. Conclusions: The kits in our study were accurate, quick, and cost-effective in diagnosing LN metastases without the loss of LN tissue. The kits' ability to distinguish macrometastases from micrometastases was excellent, which is important, clinically. Citation Format: Otsubo R, Hirakawa H, Oikawa M, Inamasu E, Baba M, Matsumoto M, Yano H, Kinoshita N, Abe K, Fukuoka J, Nagayasu T. Validation of novel diagnostic kits using the semi-dry dot-blot method for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer; distinguishing macrometastases and micrometastases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-31.

The aim of this study was to investigate the heat stability of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, a tumor-associated serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin), in tumor tissue extract by electrophoretic methods. After heat treatment at 70 degrees C for 2 h, the tumor tissue extract showed a single main protein band of 45 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) which reacted with a monoclonal antibody specific for SCC antigen. The heat-stable SCC antigen was separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) into four spots with pI 6.4-5.9 and Mr 44500-45 000 of SCC antigen-1. Furthermore, the SCC antigen-1 still showed its inhibitory activity against a cysteine proteinase, papain, by gelatin zymography. These results suggest that heat treatment of protein sample at 70 degrees C for 2 h may be a useful method for a partial purification of SCC antigen-1 which can inhibit lysosomal cysteine proteinases such as cathepsin L, S, and K.

Two homologous serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen-1 and -2 were separated by nondenaturing two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with immunostaining to acquire further information on these proteins under physiological conditions. Polymers of SCC antigen-2 were detected in cytosolic extracts prepared from tumor tissues. The polymer formation of SCC antigen-2 was apparently decreased and the SCC antigen-2-synthetic peptide binary complexes were newly formed by the addition of synthetic peptide with sequences corresponding to residues from P14 to P2 in the reactive center loop of SCC antigen-2. On the other hand, the incubation with synthetic peptides having the sequence of the reactive center loop of SCC antigen-1 or antithrombin had no effect on polymerization of SCC antigen-2. These data suggest that the polymerization of SCC antigen-2 may occur spontaneously in vivo by the loop-sheet mechanism of serpin.

Previous study has demonstrated that squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) 1 attenuates apoptosis induced by TNFα, NK cell or anticancer drug. In this study, we have examined the effect of SCCA2, which is highly homologous to SCCA1, but has different target specificity, against radiation-induced apoptosis, together with that of SCCA1. We demonstrated that cell death induced by radiation treatment was remarkably suppressed not only in SCCA1 cDNA-transfected cells, but also in SCCA2 cDNA-transfected cells. In these transfectants, caspase 3 activity and the expression of activated caspase 9 after radiation treatment were suppressed. Furthermore, the expression level of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was suppressed compared to that of the control cells. The expression level of upstream stimulator of p38 MAPK, phosphorylated MKK3/MKK6, was also suppressed in the radiation-treated cells. Thus, both SCCA1 and SCCA2 may contribute to survival of the squamous cells from radiation-induced apoptosis by regulating p38 MAPK pathway. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.com

We developed an easy, quick and cost-effective detection method for lymph node metastasis called the semi-dry dot-blot (SDB) method, which visualizes the presence of cancer cells with washing of sectioned lymph nodes by anti-pancytokeratin antibody, modifying dot-blot technology. We evaluated the validity and efficacy of the SDB method for the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in a clinical setting (Trial 1). To evaluate the validity of the SDB method in clinical specimens, 180 dissected lymph nodes from 29 cases, including breast, gastric and colorectal cancer, were examined. Each lymph node was sliced at the maximum diameter and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SDB method were determined and compared with the final pathology report. Metastasis was detected in 32 lymph nodes (17.8%), and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SDB method were 100, 98.0 and 98.3%, respectively (Trial 2). To evaluate the efficacy of the SDB method in sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, 174 SLNs from 100 cases of clinically node-negative breast cancer were analyzed. Each SLN was longitudinally sliced at 2-mm intervals and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and time required for the SDB method were determined and compared with the intraoperative pathology report. Metastasis was detected in 15 SLNs (8.6%), and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and mean required time of the SDB method were 93.3, 96.9, 96.6 and 43.3 min, respectively. The SDB method is a novel and reliable modality for the intraoperative diagnosis of SLN metastasis.

Background: The semi-dry dot-blot (SDB) method is a diagnostic procedure for detecting lymph node (LN) metastases. The metastases are visualized by the presence of cytokeratin (CK) with lavage fluid of sectioned LNs by anti-pancytokeratin antibody, based on the theory that epithelial components such as CK are not found in normal LNs. We previously reported 93.3% sensitivity, 96.9% specificity, and 96.6% accuracy for this method in detecting metastasis in sentinel LNs, compared with permanent pathological diagnosis in breast cancer. In this study, we evaluated a novel kit that applies the SDB method using the newly developed anti-CK19 antibody for diagnosing LN metastases in breast cancer. Methods: We obtained 141 LNs dissected from 81 breast cancer patients from July 2013 to April 2015 at Nagasaki University Hospital and the Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, including 33 dissected axillary LNs and 108 sentinel LNs, which were sliced at 2-mm intervals and washed with phosphate-buffered saline. The suspended cells in the lavage fluid of sliced LNs were centrifuged to collect the cell pellet and lysed with lysis buffer to extract protein. This extracted protein was used with the kit to diagnose LN metastasis. The washed LNs were blindly diagnosed by pathologists using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Diagnoses based on the kit were compared with their H&E counterparts. Results: Of the 141 LNs, 57 were assessed as positive and 84 as negative by permanent pathological examination with H&E. Use of the kit resulted in correct diagnoses in 46 of the 57 pathologically positive cases and all of pathologically negative cases. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the kit in detecting LN metastases were 80.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 75.6–80.7%), 100% (95% CI: 96.5–100%), and 92.2% (95% CI: 88.1–92.2%), respectively. In 11 false-negative cases, there were 9 micrometastases; therefore, sensitivity was 95.5% (95% CI: 90.1–95.5%) in cases of macrometastases. Diagnosis was achieved in approximately 20 min using the kit, reducing the diagnostic time by half compared with the original SDB method. The cost of this kit was within 8 USD, and we are currently developing an improved kit for the detection of smaller metastases. Conclusions: The kit in our study is accurate, quick, and cost-effective in diagnosing LN metastases without the loss of LN tissue. Its sensitivity in detecting macrometastases is excellent, which is important in clinical practice. Citation Format: Otsubo R, Hirakawa H, Oikawa M, Shibata K, Tanaka A, Matsumoto M, Yano H, Nagayasu T. Validation of a novel diagnostic kit using the semi-dry dot-blot method for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-18.

Recent studies in animal models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) suggest that antioxidant treatments may be beneficial for the disease. However, the mechanisms by which these drugs improve the course of BPD are not completely known. Alpha1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) is one of the major serine protease inhibitors in human plasma that has antielastase and antiapoptotic activities. Both activities of α1-AT are dependent on its reactive site loop (RSL), which is highly susceptible to oxidative inactivation. In this study, we investigated the elastase inhibitory activity of α1-AT in two different baboon models of BPD, the "new BPD" and the "severe BPD" models, and determined the effect of treatment with a catalytic antioxidant, Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP), on the elastase inhibitory activity of α1-AT in the severe BPD model. Our results demonstrate the presence of sufficient elastase inhibitory activity of the airway α1-AT in the new but not in the severe BPD model. Treatment of severe BPD group baboons with the catalytic antioxidant MnTE-2-PyP resulted in augmentation of the elastase inhibitory activity of α1-AT. These findings suggest that prevention of the oxidative inactivation of α1-AT may be one of the mechanisms by which antioxidant therapy improves the pulmonary outcomes in animal models of severe BPD.

There is strong evidence that the angiopoietin family is involved in the regulation of tumour progression. Recently, it has been reported that angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) expression in cancer cells promotes the metastatic process by increasing vascular permeability. The present study was conducted to examine ANGPTL4 expression and its association with clinicopathological factors and prognosis in human colorectal cancers. We examined 144 cases of surgically-resected human colorectal adenocarcinomas by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Also, overall survival was investigated. Among 144 cases of adenocarcinoma, 95 cases (66.0%) showed positive staining in the cytoplasm of the carcinoma cells for ANGPTL4. Histologically, well, moderately, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or mucinous carcinoma showed 55.2, 79.3, 61.5 or 44.4% expression of ANGPTL4, respectively. The expression of ANGPTL4 was correlated with the depth of tumour invasion (p

Background Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is involved in regulating glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, angiogenesis and lipid metabolism, and also acts as an apoptosis survival factor for vascular endothelial cells. The protein is also known to be induced in hypoxic environments characteristic of cancer tissue. Recently, ANGPTL4 was shown in cancer cells to facilitate the transendothelial passage of the cells, resulting in distant metastasis. Clinically, venous invasion resulting in distant metastasis is crucial for oesophageal cancer progression. Aims To determine ANGPTL4 expression and its association with clinicopathological factors and prognosis in human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods 104 cases of surgically-resected OSCC specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry. The association of ANGPTL4 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative survival rate was statistically analysed. Results Expression of ANGPTL4 was statistically correlated with the degree of differentiation, lymphatic invasion and venous invasion. Results of multivariate analysis, performed using multiple logistic regression, showed that lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion and ANGPTL4 expression were independent factors predicting venous invasion. Survival rates of patients with ANGPTL4-positive tumours tended to be statistically lower than those with ANGPTL4-negative tumours. Conclusions ANGPTL4 may play an important role in metastasis through lymphovascular invasion, and may potentially affect prognosis.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase involved in several signaling pathways. Recently, we reported the polarized localization of GSK-3beta on the apical membrane of normal colon epithelium. To investigate the functions of this molecule, we studied stomach and colorectal cancer tissues. In normal simple columnar epithelium, GSK-3beta was localized with tight junction-associated protein ZO-1 in a single line at the apical cell border. GSK-3beta and ZO-1 were localized in the apical regions of tubular adenocarcinoma, similar to their localization in normal epithelium; however, their localization was different at the invasive front of the cancer and was found to be associated with lymphatic invasion. In signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach, the expression of these proteins was reduced and dot-like expression was observed in each cell of the signet-ring cell carcinoma. We speculated that GSK-3beta is involved in glandular structure formation and that the non-apical localization of membrane-localized GSK-3beta in tubular adenocarcinoma is associated with cancer development., Oncology Reports, 22(3), pp.481-485; 2009

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that adversely affects long-term pulmonary function as well as neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants. Elastolytic proteases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of BPD. Cathepsin S (cat S) is a cysteine protease with potent elastolytic activity. Increased levels and activity of cat S have been detected in a baboon model of BPD.To investigate whether deficiency of cat S alters the course of hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury in mice.Newborn wild-type and cat S-deficient mice were exposed to 80% oxygen for 14 days. Histologic and morphometric analysis were performed and bronchoalveolar lavage protein and cells were analyzed. Lung elastin was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, desmosine analysis, and Hart's stain. Distribution of myofibroblasts was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Hydroxyproline content of lung tissues was measured.Hyperoxia-exposed cat S-deficient mice were protected from growth restriction and had improved alveolarization, decreased septal wall thickness, lower number of macrophages, and lower protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. alpha-Smooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts accounted for at least some of the increased interstitial cellularity in hyperoxia-exposed mouse lungs and were significantly less in cat S-deficient lungs. Lung hydroxyproline content was increased in hyperoxia-exposed wild-type, but not in cat S-deficient lungs. Desmosine content was significantly reduced in both genotypes with hyperoxia.Cathepsin S deficiency improves alveolarization, and attenuates macrophage influx and fibroproliferative changes in hyperoxia-induced neonatal mouse lung injury.

e22129 Background: The semi-dry dot-blot (SDB) method is a diagnostic procedure for detecting lymph node (LN) metastases. The metastases are visualized by the presence of cytokeratin (CK) with lava...

Introduction: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a common diagnostic procedure for breast cancer. However, because of a shortage of pathology specialists in Japan and discordance between intra-operative and final pathological diagnoses of SLN metastasis, new diagnostic modalities are desperately required. We previously reported a novel method of detecting metastasis in SLNs by a semi-dry dot-blot (SDB) method with 93.3% sensitivity, 96.9% specificity and 96.6% accuracy. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the SDB method using novel anti-cytokeratin (CK) 18+19 antibodies to diagnose lymph node metastases in breast cancer. Materials and methods: We obtained 73 lymph nodes dissected from 43 patients with breast cancer from July 2013 to May 2014 at Nagasaki University Hospital and the Japanese Red Cross Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, including 55 sentinel lymph nodes and 18 dissected axillary lymph nodes, which were sliced at 2-mm intervals and washed with phosphate-buffered saline. This lavage fluid was used to diagnose lymph node metastasis by the SDB method; whereas the washed lymph nodes were blindly diagnosed by pathologists using with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Suspended cells in the lavage fluid were centrifuged; the cell pellet was lysed with lysis buffer to extract protein, which was then challenged and visualized with anti-cytokeratin 18 and 19 antibodies, each at 1μg/ml and 0.1μg/ml to distinguish between micrometastases or isolated tumor cells (ITC) and macrometastases; and with chromogen on a dot-blot membrane. Diagnoses based on the SDB method were compared with their H&E counterparts. When the SDB method and H&E-based examinations did not agree, we examined specimens immunohistochemically with anti-cytokeratin18+19 antibodies. Results: Of the 73 lymph nodes, 25 were assessed as positive and 48 as negative by the permanent pathological examination with H&E. The SDB method made correct diagnoses in all positive cases and 42 of the 48 pathologically negative cases. We found four micrometastases and one ITC in the positive cases, which were difficult to diagnose as positive at the lower antibody concentration, but were clearly positive at the higher concentration. When the 6 discrepant cases were examined immunohistochemically, we found two cases of ITC and one of micrometastasis. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SDB method in detecting cancer cells were 100% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 100–100%), 93.8% (95% CI: 86–101%) and 95.9% (95% CI: 91–100%), respectively. Conclusions: The SDB method using anti-CK18+19 antibodies is simple and accurate for diagnosing lymph node metastases; estimating metastatic amount may be possible with different antibody concentrations. We are producing an SDB kit that uses these antibodies. Citation Format: Ryota Otsubo, Masahiro Oikawa, Hiroshi Hirakawa, Hiroshi Yano, Takeshi Nagayasu. Validation of diagnostic procedure for metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer using a semi-dry dot-blot method and novel anti-cytokeratin 18+19 antibodies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-23.

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) is a useful tumor marker for diagnosis and management of squamous cell carcinoma. It is well known that cell-cell adhesion is important for progression of cancer. However, it is not clarified whether cell-cell adhesion affects SCCA production in squamous cell carcinoma. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to investigate whether E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion affects SCCA production in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. SKG-IIIa cells or CaSki cells, cervical squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, were treated with anti-E-cadherin antibodies (1 microg/ml) up to 72 h. The cells were dissociated, and SCCA content in the cytosol and SCCA mRNA levels were significantly decreased compared to the control group treated with mouse IgG. Secondly, the signaling pathway for SCCA production mediated by E-cadherin was examined. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase is a well-known mediator of E-cadherin-mediated biological events. The treatment with a PI 3-kinase inhibitor suppressed SCCA production in SKG-IIIa cells. It is concluded that E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion maintains SCCA production through PI 3-kinase in squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to detect the cleaved form of serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen-1 in normal and malignant squamous epithelial tissues, which implies the presence of its target proteinase. The cleaved SCC antigen-1 in normal squamous epithelium was identified as a single spot with pI 6.35 and M(r) 40,000 by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with immunoblotting. Interestingly, the cleaved form showed different biochemical properties in heat stability or immunoreactivity with a monoclonal antibody for SCC antigen (Mab 426) compared to intact SCC antigen-1. Furthermore, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of tissue extracts showed an abundant 40 kDa band of cleaved SCC antigen-1 in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. Among the potential target proteinase of SCC antigen-1, immunoblotting analyses revealed that cathepsin L2 was remarkably overexpressed in tumor tissue, while cathepsin L was expressed in both normal and tumor tissues. These findings indicate that SCC antigen-1 interacts with specific endogenous proteinases such as cathepsins L and L2 in physiological and pathological states of squamous epithelium.

We report here the extremely rare case of a 28-year-old woman with advanced stage uterine sarcoma arising soon after a cesarean section. She underwent an abdominal cesarean section because of a breech presentation. At the time of the procedure, there were no abnormal findings such as leiomyoma of the uterus in the abdominal cavity. One year later, she was referred to our hospital because of a large abdominal tumor. Transabdominal power Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large hypervascular tumor in the abdominal cavity. Her serum levels, for the two tumor markers carbohydrate antigen CA125 and LDH, were elevated, at 219 U/ml (< 35 U/ml) and 862 IU/l (115 U/ml-217 U/ml), respectively. On the basis of a diagnosis of malignant tumor of gynecological origin, exploratory laparotomy was performed, and through biopsy, the tumor was found to be advanced undifferentiated uterine sarcoma. She exhibited a good response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, epirubicin, and dimethyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide (DTIC) every 28 days, which was successfully followed by a hysterectomy.

Genetic alterations are assumed to be necessary for the development and progression of ovarian cancer. However, the genetic alterations that occur during lymph node metastasis and peritoneal dissemination are poorly understood. In the present study, we used comparative genomic hybridization to detect genetic alterations in 30 tumors from patients with primary ovarian cancers and analyzed the associations of these genetic alterations with clinical stage and surgical pathological factors, such as histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and peritoneal dissemination. The total number of genetic alterations per tumor ranged from 0 to 39, with an average of 17.7 alterations per tumor. Among the genetic alterations in ovarian cancers, gains on chromosomes 8q and 3q and losses on chromosomes 17p, 18q, and 4q were observed frequently. Although the difference in total numbers of genetic alterations between early-stage tumors and advanced-stage tumors was not significant, the difference was significant when high-grade cancers were compared with low-grade cancers. Eight regions on seven chromosomes showed genetic alterations related to lymph node metastasis or peritoneal dissemination. Gain at 11q13-q14 and loss at 17q11.2-q21 were related not only to lymph node metastasis and peritoneal dissemination but also to clinical stage and histological grade.

The development of carcinoma is associated with alterations in the expression of many cell adhesion molecules. Syndecan-1 is a cell surface proteoglycan that binds cells to the extracellular matrix and changes its expression following malignant transformation in some tumors. Our purpose was to examine the pattern of syndecan-1 expression in cancer of the uterine cervix and assess the clinicopathological significance of syndecan-1 expression. A total of 106 tissue specimens (6 normal, 19 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 81 invasive cancer) were analyzed immunohistochemically. In addition, the corresponding expression of mRNA in tumor tissues was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) in comparison with normal counterparts. Syndecan-1 was positive in normal squamous cells except the basal cell layer. The intensity of syndecan-1 staining was the strongest in normal epithelium, followed by CIN, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Syndecan-1 expression in cancer tissue tended to be higher in keratinizing type than non-keratinizing type and not found in adenocarcinoma. Syndecan- 1 expression was markedly decreased at the mRNA level in invasive squamous cell carcinoma as compared with that of normal uterine cervix. Interestingy, there was an inverse correlation between the expression of syndecan-1 in the primary site and lymph node metastasis, although there was no significant correlation between syndecan- 1 expression and the prognosis. The results of the present study suggest that syndecan-1 expression is associated with squamous tissues and plays a key role in the progression of the cancer of the uterine cervix especially in the metastatic process.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the serum anti-p53 antibody in patients with uterine and ovarian cancer. Some of the ovarian patients were also evaluated for overexpression of p53 by immunohistochemistry and for cytogenetic alterations by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Serum anti-p53 antibodies were determined by an enzyme immunoassay kit. The antibody was detected in 8/30 (27%) of ovarian cancers, in 12/86 (14%) cancers of the uterine cervix, in 5/41 (12%) cancers of the uterine body, and 0/9 (0%) healthy women. The overall survival rate in patients with ovarian cancer was significantly worse in patients with anti-p53 antibody positivity than that in patients with anti-p53-antibody-negative cancers using the log rank test (p = 0.017). There was a significant correlation between the presence of anti-p53 antibody and tissue overexpression of p53 in ovarian cancers. CGH analysis showed that the aberrations in DNA sequence copy number in ovarian cancers were significantly increased in anti-p53-antibody-positive cases compared to antip53-antibody-negative cases including increased copy number on 20q and reduced copy number on 5q and 13q. Although the exact relationship between the presence of serum anti-p53 antibody (specific humoral response) and cytogenetic alterations is still unknown, these findings suggest that the measurement of serum anti-p53 antibody may be useful for the assessment of genetic instability and tumor biological aggressiveness.

Clinica chimica acta, 411(1-16), pp.1149-1150; 2010

Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a common surgical procedure. However, novel diagnostic modalities are required because of a shortage of pathology specialists in Japan and discordance between the intraoperative and final pathological diagnosis of SLN metastasis. Efficient methods that use molecular markers for detecting SLN metastasis, such as one-step nucleic acid amplification, are commercially available, but special equipment (e.g., thermal cycler) is costly and the problem of false-negatives for CK19 non-expressing cells remains unresolved. Recently, we developed an easy, quick and cost-effective method for detection of cancer cells in lymph nodes by applying dot-blot analysis technology, called the “semi-dry dot-blot method (SDB method)”. The SDB method visualizes the presence of cancer cells with washing of sectioned lymph nodes by anti-pancytokeratin antibody (AE1/AE3) and chromogen on a dot-blot membrane. This method can detect 0.01 mg/mL protein extracted from cancer tissue and 20 suspension cells (MCF-7) in approximately 20 minutes. The current study evaluated the efficacy of our SDB method in the diagnosis of SLN metastasis in breast cancer. Methods: (I) One hundred eighty dissected lymph nodes from 29 cases, including breast, lung, gastric and colorectal cancer, were analyzed. Each lymph node was sliced at the maximum diameter and washed by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and this lavage fluid (PBS) was used for diagnosis of LN metastasis by the SDB method, and washed lymph node was sent to pathological section for pathological diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the SDB method were determined to compare with the final pathology report. (II) A multicenter prospective clinical trial was conducted, where 132 SLN samples from 78 cases of clinically node-negative breast cancer were analyzed. Each SLN was sliced at 2-mm intervals and washed by PBS. Lavage fluid of sliced SLNs was used for the diagnosis of SLN metastasis by the SDB method in a blinded manner. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and the time required for the SDB method were determined and compared with the intra-operative pathology report. Results: (I) Lymph node metastasis was detected in 35 lymph nodes (19.4%). Comparison of the results between the final pathology and the SDB method showed complete concordance (accuracy: 100%). (II) Of the 132 lymph nodes eligible for analysis, 13 (10.0%) were assessed as positive and 114 as negative by the SDB method and intra-operative pathological examination, with an accuracy of 96.2%. All pathologically positive nodes, which included one micro metastasis, were also detected by the SDB method; (sensitivity: 100%). One hundred fourteen of the 119 pathologically negative nodes were assessed as negative with the SDB method (specificity: 95.8%). The mean required times of 16 cases for intra-operative pathological diagnosis and simultaneous SDB method were 43.5 and 42.2 minutes, respectively. Conclusions: The SDB method is simple, fast, accurate and cost-effective for the intra-operative diagnosis of SLN metastasis. Because there is no loss of lymph node tissue, the SDB method and pathological investigation can be performed simultaneously. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-27.

MUKADA, T., KASHIWAGURA, J., ITASAKA, K., MIYAZAKI, S., HIRAKAWA, H., SASAKI, Y., ANDOH, S., IGURA, H. and MINETA, T. Giant Hyperplasiogenous Polyp of the Stomach Simulating Malignant Polyp. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1984, 142 (2), 125-130 - A surgical case of giant hyperplasiogenous polyp of the stomach with unusual radiological and pathological findings is presented. Radiological and endoscopical examinations revealed characteristic papillary (villous) features simulating either true adenoma or malignant polyp of the antrum. Complete serial sections from the resected stomach disclosed no malignant area anywhere in and out of the polyp. The pathomorphological nature and radiological characteristics of this rare lesion are discussed.

ゴムの摩擦係数の温度依存性について検討した. 試験機として British Pendulum Tester を用い, 路面温度を一定とする装置を取付け, ウェット摩擦係数の温度依存性を計測した. 試料は乗用車用タイヤト レッドとしてはん用される, スチレン含量の異なる乳化重合SBRを用いた.その結果, SBRはスチレン含量が異なると最大の摩擦係数を示す温度が異なる. 測定温度-Tg という尺度で温度軸を換算すると, 各SBRの摩擦係数の温度依存性曲線は, カーボン配合量ごとに一本のマスターカーブに重ね合わせることができる. 各SBRの粘弾性も同じ尺度によって一本のマスターカーブに重ね合わせられることから, 摩擦係数は粘弾性支配現象であることが示唆された.

道路表面の損傷を減らすため, 温度によってピンの作用力が変化する温度順応性スパイクタイヤを開発し, 乾燥コンクリート及び氷表面上で摩擦特性を調べた. このタイヤは温度順応性ゴムのシートをスパイクピンの下につけたものである. 0°C以下ではこのゴムはトレッドゴムより硬く, また, 0°Cと10°Cの間で硬さは急激に低下を示す. 更に10°Cではこのゴムはトレッドゴムよりも柔らかい. この温度順応性スパイクタイヤの摩擦特性及び乾燥コンクリート表面に対する研摩性について調べ, 更にピンのないスノータイヤ及び普通のスパイクタイヤとの性能の比較を, 各々のモデルタイヤ試料を用いて行った.-10°Cから0°Cの温度で氷面を温度順応性スパイクタイヤがするべるとき, 摩擦係数は0.7から0.8の値であり, 普通のスパイクタイヤの摩擦係数とほぼ等しい比較的高い値を示した. また, この摩擦係数はピン無しスノータイヤよりもかなり高い値であった.10°C以上では温度順応性スパイクタイヤは普通のスパイクタイヤに比べ24%の乾燥コンクリート表面の損傷を減らすことができた. しかし, 温度順応性スパイクタイヤによるコンクリート表面の損傷は0°C以下の温度では普通のスパイクタイヤによるものと同程度であった.このように温度順応性スパイクタイヤは普通のスパイクタイヤと同様に氷結面上では良好な摩擦特性を示すとともに, 0°C以上で路面の損傷を低減することができた.

During enterohepatic circulation conjugated steroids are hydrolyzed by intestinal bacteria, further metabolized mainly by anaerobic bacteria, reabsorbed, reconjugated and delivered to the blood for renal excretion. 21-Dehydroxlylation of tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THCOD) to pregnanolone is performed exclusively by Eubacterium lentum, a normal inhabitant of the intestinal flora. The concentration of E. lentum in feces can be determined from the highest dilution of fresh voided stool capable of 21-dehydroxylating THDOC. Such studies revealed that the concentration increases from 106/g wet feces during the first year of life to 108/g feces in the 7th and 8th decade. Colonization appears to be independent of diet since the organisms are present in babies whether breast-fed or on formula, in subjects on a “Western diet” and in Africans consuming a diet low in meat and fat.

MUKADA, T., ITASAKA, K., MIYAZAKI, S., HIRAKAWA, H., KASHIWAGURA, J., SASAKI, Y., ANDOH, S., SHINZAWA, A. and SENDOH, F. Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatitis-B Antigenemia. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1983, 139 (1), 83-90 - An autopsy case of pulmonary hypertension in a 29-year-old Japanese female with macronodular, posthepatitic liver cirrhosis and hepatitis-B antigenemia was presented. No recognizable known cardiopulmonary disease or portal thrombosis was obtained. Hepatitis-B antigen was demonstrated in the cirrhotic hepatocytes by a specific peroxidase antiperoxidase method. Characteristic pulmonary arterial changes including plexiform lesions with varying developmental stages were widely observed throughout the lungs. Complication of these two distinct disease processes seems to be rarely encountered in the literature. Discussion was focused on the possible interrelationship between the liver cirrhosis with hepatitis-B antigenemia and pulmonary hypertension. Proposed were presumptive underlying humoral, particularly immunological, abnormalities common to these diseases rather than mere incidental complications.