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1. Exploring the impact of biological alterations in the superior thalamic radiations on exploratory eye movements in attenuated psychosis syndrome

Author

Yu Arai, Naoyuki Katagiri, Hiromi Tagata, Takashi Uchino, Junichi Saito, Yusuke Shido, Kouhei Kamiya, Masaaki Hori, Masafumi Mizuno, and Takahiro Nemoto

Subjects
attenuated psychosis syndrome, superior thalamic radiation, fixations, scan path lengths, exploratory eye movement, diffusion tensor imaging, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

IntroductionAberrant fixation and scan paths in visual searches have been repeatedly reported in schizophrenia. The frontal eye fields (FEF) and thalamus may be responsible for fixation and scan paths. These two regions are connected by superior thalamic radiation (STR) in humans. Studies have reported reduced fixation numbers and shortened scan path lengths in individuals with attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS) and schizophrenia. In this study, we hypothesized that STRs in the white matter fiber bundles of impairments underlie abnormalities in fixation and scan path length in individuals with APS.MethodsTwenty-one individuals with APS and 30 healthy controls participated in this study. All participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging, and fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the left and right STR were analyzed using the novel method TractSeg. The number of eye fixations (NEF), total eye scanning length (TESL), and mean eye scanning length (MESL), derived using the exploratory eye movement (EEM) test, were adopted to evaluate the fixation and scan path length. We compared the FA values of the bilateral STR and EEM parameters between the APS and healthy control groups. We investigated the correlation between bilateral STR and EEM parameters in the APS and healthy control groups.ResultsNEF, TESL, MESL, and the FA values of the left STR were significantly reduced in individuals with APS compared to healthy controls. The left STR FA value in the APS group was significantly positively correlated with the MESL (r = 0.567, p = 0.007). In addition, the right STR FA value of the APS group was significantly correlated with the TESL (r = 0.587, p = 0.005) and MESL (r = 0.756, p = 0.7×10-4).DiscussionThese results demonstrate that biological changes in the STR, which connects the thalamus and FEF, underlie abnormalities in fixation and scanning. Recently, aberrations in the thalamus–frontal connection have been shown to underlie the emergence of psychotic symptoms. STR impairment may be a part of the biological basis of APS in individuals with subthreshold psychotic symptoms.

Published
2024
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2. Subjective assessment of participants in education programs on clinical practice guidelines in the field of psychiatry

Author

Kazuyoshi Ogasawara, Shusuke Numata, Naomi Hasegawa, Masahito Nakataki, Manabu Makinodan, Kazutaka Ohi, Masahiro Takeshima, Takashi Tsuboi, Naoki Hashimoto, Toshiaki Onitsuka, Hiroyuki Muraoka, Hikaru Hori, Kayo Ichihashi, Takahiko Inagaki, Norio Yasui‐Furukori, Akitoyo Hishimoto, Nobuhiro Sugiyama, Kentaro Fukumoto, Tatsuya Nagasawa, Junya Matsumoto, Yoshikazu Takaesu, Ryuji Furihata, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Toshinori Nakamura, Masahide Usami, Kenichiro Miura, Michiko Fujimoto, Hiromi Tagata, Hisashi Yamada, Hiroshi Komatsu, Shinichiro Ochi, Kiyokazu Atake, Eiichi Katsumoto, Mikio Kido, Taishiro Kishimoto, Taro Suwa, Satoshi Yamamura, Jun‐ichi Iga, Hitoshi Iida, Ken Inada, Koichiro Watanabe, and Ryota Hashimoto

Subjects
clinical practice guidelines, depression, dissemination, education, implementation, schizophrenia, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Abstract The Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in psychiatric treatment (EGUIDE) project, which is a nationwide dissemination and implementation program for clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in the field of psychiatry, is currently ongoing. In the current study, a subjective assessment of the participants in the EGUIDE programs was assessed using a questionnaire. Then, the relationships between the subjective assessment, the characteristics of the participants, and the clinical knowledge of the CPGs were evaluated. More than 90% of the participants gave a high rating for the components of content, recommendation, knowledge, skill, and adherence, but not for the component of confidence. A positive correlation was found between years of professional experience and the score of confidence. These results suggest that it may be necessary to apply the knowledge and skills of CPGs obtained in the education programs into practice to increase confidence in the proper use of psychiatric therapies based on CPGs.

Published
2022
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3. Association between the examination rate of treatment‐resistant schizophrenia and the clozapine prescription rate in a nationwide dissemination and implementation study

Author

Norio Yasui‐Furukori, Hiroyuki Muraoka, Naomi Hasegawa, Shinichiro Ochi, Shusuke Numata, Hikaru Hori, Akitoyo Hishimoto, Toshiaki Onitsuka, Kazutaka Ohi, Naoki Hashimoto, Tatsuya Nagasawa, Yoshikazu Takaesu, Takahiko Inagaki, Hiromi Tagata, Takashi Tsuboi, Chika Kubota, Ryuji Furihata, Jun‐ichi Iga, Hitoshi Iida, Kenichiro Miura, Junya Matsumoto, Hisashi Yamada, Koichiro Watanabe, Ken Inada, Kazutaka Shimoda, and Ryota Hashimoto

Subjects
clozapine, examination rate, prescription rate, treatment‐resistant schizophrenia, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Abstract Background The decision to initiate clozapine treatment should be made on an individual basis and may be closely related to the early detection of treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (TRS), although there is evidence that the early use of clozapine results in a better response to treatment. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the examination rate of TRS and the prescription rate of clozapine. Methods After attending a 1‐day educational program on schizophrenia based on the "Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Schizophrenia," we asked the participating facilities to submit records of whether or not TRS was evaluated for each patient. We calculated the clozapine prescription rate from the schizophrenic patients prescribed clozapine and all of the schizophrenic patients. Forty‐nine facilities in 2017 were included in the study. Results There were dichotomous distributions in the examination rate of TRS and a non‐normal distribution in the prescription rate of clozapine. There was a significant correlation between the prescription rate of clozapine and the examination rate of TRS (r s = 0.531, P = 1.032 × 10−4). A significant difference was found in the prescription rate of clozapine between the three groups of facilities according to the examination rate of TRS. Conclusion As a preliminary problem for the use of clozapine, in Japan, the examination rate of TRS varies, and there are many facilities that typically do not consider the possibility of TRS; this trend leads to a low rate of clozapine use. Clearly, further clinician training is needed for the early detection and appropriate management of TRS that includes an explanation of TRS and how to introduce clozapine therapy to patients and their families.

Published
2022
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4. Effect of Herbal Medicine Keishi-To (TJ-45) and Its Components on Rat Pancreatic Acinar Cell Injuries in vivo and in vitro

Author

Hiromi Taga, Min-Jue Xie, Hisatsugu Mouri, Shi-Bing Su, Norio Sawabu, and Yoshiharu Motoo

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Transcription, Genetic, Arginine, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins, Pharmacology, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, In vivo, Internal medicine, Acinar cell, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Pancreas, Hepatology, Superoxide Dismutase, Mechanism (biology), business.industry, Gastroenterology, Rats, Inbred Strains, Manganese Superoxide Dismutase, In vitro, Rats, Endocrinology, Nitric Oxide Synthase, business, Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Abstract

In an attempt to clarify the mechanism of the effect of a herbal medicine, Saiko-keishi-to (TJ-10), which is a combination of Keishi-to (TJ-45) and Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9), we investigated the effects of these two herbal medicines and their components on pancreatic acinar cell injury models in vivo and in vitro.Four-week-old male WBN/Kob rats were fed an MB-3 pellet diet containing herbal medicine (TJ-9, TJ-10 and TJ-45). Expressions of pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) were analyzed with a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. The herbal medicines and two of their components, Keihi (Cinnamomi cortex) and Shakuyaku (Paeoniae radix alba), were tested in vitro using an arginine-treated rat pancreatic acinar AR4-2J cell injury model. The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was assayed in in vitro experiments.TJ-45-treated WBN/Kob rats showed no evidence of pancreatitis whereas there were pathological changes of chronic pancreatitis in TJ-9-treated WBN/Kob rats. PAP was not expressed and Mn-SOD expression was increased in the TJ-10-, and TJ-45-treated rats. The herbal medicines and two components suppressed PAP mRNA expression and enhanced Mn-SOD and iNOS mRNA expression in arginine-treated AR4-2J cells.These results suggest that the herbal medicine TJ-45 is effective for chronic pancreatitis caused by pancreatic ischemia.

Published
2001

5. Antifibrotic Effect of the Herbal Medicine Saiko-keishi-to (TJ-10) on Chronic Pancreatitis in the WBN/Kob Rat

Author

Shi-Bing Su, Yoshiharu Motoo, Hiromi Taga, Min-Jue Xie, and Norio Sawabu

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pancreatic disease, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Gene Expression, Traditional Chinese medicine, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, Endocrinology, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Fibrosis, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Pancreas, Chemotherapy, Hepatology, biology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, business.industry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Body Weight, Biological activity, Organ Size, medicine.disease, Actins, Diet, Fibronectins, Rats, Fibronectin, Pancreatitis, Chronic Disease, biology.protein, Collagen, business, Drugs, Chinese Herbal, Transforming growth factor
Abstract

Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by fibrosis. We reported an anti-inflammatory effect of the herbal medicine Saiko-keishi-to (TJ-10) on chronic pancreatitis. This study aimed to elucidate the antifibrotic effect of TJ-10. Four-week-old male WBN/Kob rats were fed a special pellet diet (MB-3) with or without TJ-10 (80 mg/100 g body weight) for 20 weeks. Pancreata were histopathologically examined at every 4 weeks, and the expression of fibrosis-related factors such as transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), fibronectin (FN), alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and type III collagen was analyzed. In untreated WBN/Kob rats, chronic pancreatitis developed at 12 weeks and progressed with marked fibrosis at 16 weeks, and the expression of TGF-beta1 and FN peaked at 12 weeks. However, in the TJ-10-treated rats, the rate of pancreatic fibrosis and the expression of TGF-beta1, FN, alpha-SMA, and type III collagen at 12 and 16 weeks decreased significantly compared to those in the untreated rats. These results suggest that TJ-10 inhibits the pancreatic fibrosis by the suppression of TGF-beta1 expression.

Published
2001

6. Effect of Herbal Medicine Saiko-Keishi-To (TJ-10) on Rat Spontaneous Chronic Pancreatitis

Author

Min-Jue Xie, Yoshiharu Motoo, Norio Sawabu, Shi-Bing Su, and Hiromi Taga

Subjects
Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Gastroenterology, Acute-phase protein, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Oncology, Antigen, Untreated control, Internal medicine, Gene expression, Medicine, Neoplasm, Pancreatitis, Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins, business, media_common
Abstract

Background. In an attempt to obtain evidence of the beneficial effects of TJ-10, we investigated the gene expression of PAP, an acute phase protein specific for pancreatitis in rat spontaneous chronic pancreatitis. Methods. Four-wk-old male WBN/Kob rats were fed with MB-3 pellet diet containing herbal medicine. There were two administration groups for each drug: the prophylactic group administered from 4–12 wk, and the therapeutic group administered from 12–20 wk. Untreated control rats were fed with MB-3 alone. Histopathologic changes and PAP gene expressions were analyzed at 12 and 20 wk. Results. In the prophylactic group, TJ-10-treated WBN/Kob rats showed no evidence of pancreatitis, and there was the amelioration of pancreatitis in the pancreata of the rats treated with other herbal medicines except TJ-24 at 12 wk. PAP mRNA was not expressed in the TJ-10-treated rats, and PAP gene expression was suppressed in rats treated with other drugs except TJ-107. In the therapeutic group, the amelioration of pancreatitis was seen only in TJ-10-treated rats, but PAP gene expression was significantly suppressed in the rats treated with all herbal medicines tested, compared with that in untreated control rats. Conclusion. An herbal medicine Saiko-keishi-to (TJ-10) delayed the onset of chronic pancreatitis in the WBN/Kob rat, and suppressed the pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) gene expression more significantly than other herbal medicines.

Published
2000

7. [Untitled]

Author

Fujii T, Yasushi Yamaguchi, Yoshiharu Motoo, Takashi Okai, Hiromi Taga, Koushiro Ohtsubo, Hisatsugu Mouri, Junta Sakai, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Norio Sawabu, Ikurou Mouri, and Yoshitake Satomura

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pancreatic disease, biology, Physiology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Cancer, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, medicine.anatomical_structure, Carcinoembryonic antigen, Internal medicine, Pancreatic cancer, medicine, biology.protein, Pancreatitis, Acute pancreatitis, Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins, Pancreas, business
Abstract

The serum levels of pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) were measured in 196 patients with digestive diseases and 15 healthy subjects by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum PAP levels were significantly elevated in the patients with gastric, colorectal, biliary tract, hepatocellular, or pancreatic cancers compared with the healthy subjects. After curative resection of the tumor, serum PAP levels were significantly decreased. The serum PAP levels were not related to clinicopathological factors except for the tumor size of pancreatic cancer. There were some cases of PAP-positive and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 -negative gastric and colorectal cancers. The serum PAP levels were also significantly elevated in the patients with acute pancreatitis compared with those in not only the healthy subjects but also the patients with chronic pancreatitis. The peak PAP levels were significantly correlated with the severity of acute pancreatitis and reflected the clinical healing of the disease. The peak of serum PAP was significantly delayed compared with those of other pancreatic enzymes. These results suggest that the increase of serum PAP levels in patients with gastrointestinal cancers reflects an ectopic expression of PAP in cancer cells and that increased serum levels of PAP in acute pancreatitis are correlated with the disease severity and are prolonged than those of other pancreatic markers.

Published
1999

8. Effect of Gegen-Tang on Painful Gynecomastia in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Brief Report

Author

Yoshiharu Motoo, Shi-Bing Su, Hiromi Taga, and Norio Sawabu

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, medicine.drug_class, Administration, Oral, Pain, Gastroenterology, Oral administration, Internal medicine, Gegen-tang, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, skin and connective tissue diseases, Testosterone, Aged, Plants, Medicinal, Plant Extracts, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gynecomastia, Estrogen, business, Drugs, Chinese Herbal, Hormone
Abstract

Four patients with liver cirrhosis and complaining of painful gynecomastia were treated with oral administration of Gegen-Tang (TJ-1). Pain disappeared in 3 patients in one week, and in one patient in 4 weeks. The size of gynecomastia did not change significantly on mammography, but palpable induration diminished or disappeared. The patients had been treated with Chaihu (saiko) group drugs for liver diseases, and TJ-1 was used in combination with these drugs. Serum levels of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and other sex hormones did not change significantly after TJ-1 treatment. These results suggest that TJ-1 could be used for the painful gynecomastia that is occasionally seen in cirrhotic patients.

Published
1997

9. Prescription of Anticholinergic Drugs in Patients With Schizophrenia: Analysis of Antipsychotic Prescription Patterns and Hospital Characteristics

Author

Hikaru Hori, Norio Yasui-Furukori, Naomi Hasegawa, Jun-ichi Iga, Shinichiro Ochi, Kayo Ichihashi, Ryuji Furihata, Yoshitaka Kyo, Yoshikazu Takaesu, Takashi Tsuboi, Fumitoshi Kodaka, Toshiaki Onitsuka, Tsuyoshi Okada, Atsunobu Murata, Hiroko Kashiwagi, Hitoshi Iida, Naoki Hashimoto, Kazutaka Ohi, Hisashi Yamada, Kazuyoshi Ogasawara, Yuka Yasuda, Hiroyuki Muraoka, Masahide Usami, Shusuke Numata, Masahiro Takeshima, Hirotaka Yamagata, Tatsuya Nagasawa, Hiromi Tagata, Manabu Makinodan, Mikio Kido, Eiichi Katsumoto, Hiroshi Komatsu, Junya Matsumoto, Chika Kubota, Kenichiro Miura, Akitoyo Hishimoto, Koichiro Watanabe, Ken Inada, Hiroaki Kawasaki, and Ryota Hashimoto

Subjects
schizophrenia, anticholinergic drugs, antipsychotic polypharmacy, antipsychotic monotherapy, first-generation antipsychotics, second-generation antipsychotic (SGA), Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

In several clinical guidelines for schizophrenia, long-term use of anticholinergic drugs is not recommended. We investigated the characteristics of the use of anticholinergics in patients with schizophrenia by considering psychotropic prescription patterns and differences among hospitals. A cross-sectional, retrospective prescription survey at the time of discharge was conducted on 2027 patients with schizophrenia from 69 Japanese hospitals. We examined the relations among psychotropic drug prescriptions regarding anticholinergic prescription. We divided the hospitals into three groups—low rate group (LG), medium rate group (MG), and high rate group (HG)—according to their anticholinergic prescription rates, and analyzed the relationship between anticholinergic prescription rates and antipsychotic prescription. Anticholinergic drugs were prescribed to 618 patients (30.5%), and the prescription rates were significantly higher for high antipsychotic doses, antipsychotic polypharmacy, and first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) use. The anticholinergic prescription rate varied considerably among hospitals, ranging from 0 to 66.7%, and it was significantly higher in patients with antipsychotic monotherapy, antipsychotic polypharmacy, and normal and high doses of antipsychotics in HG than in those LG and MG. The anticholinergics prescription rate in patients with second-generation antipsychotic monotherapy in HG was also significantly higher than in those LG and MG; however, the difference was no longer significant in patients with FGA monotherapy. Conclusively, in addition to high antipsychotic doses, antipsychotic polypharmacy, and FGA use, hospital characteristics influence the prescribing of anticholinergic drugs.

Published
2022
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10. Diagnosis of atypical cases of infectious mononucleosis

Author

Kazuyuki Taga, Hiromi Taga, and Giovanna Tosato

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Mononucleosis, Lymphocyte, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Cytomegalovirus, Apoptosis, Antigen, Internal medicine, White blood cell, medicine, Humans, Infectious Mononucleosis, Lymphocytes, Child, Hematology, Atypical Lymphocyte, business.industry, Infant, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Blood Cell Count, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Female, Viral disease, business
Abstract

The variable manifestations of infectious mononucleosis rarely cause clinicians to suspect primary Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus infection; consequently, costly diagnostic tests and unnecessary treatments are undertaken. Seventeen cases of clinically atypical and 11 cases of clinically typical infectious mononucleosis were diagnosed through screening for atypical and apoptotic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood samples by means of an automated hematologic analyzer. Atypical and typical cases did not differ significantly with respect to peripheral white blood cell counts; percentages of lymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes, CD4(+) lymphocytes, human leukocyte antigen--DR positivity in CD3 lymphocytes, or apoptotic cells in blood smear after incubation; or levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Only the percentage of CD8(+) lymphocytes was significantly higher in patients with typical infectious mononucleosis than it was in patients with atypical infectious mononucleosis. Because certain atypical cases of infectious mononucleosis display laboratory abnormalities that are characteristic of typical infectious mononucleosis, enhanced awareness can help in the diagnosis.

Published
2000

11. Expression of pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) in rat spontaneous chronic pancreatitis: effect of herbal medicine Saiko-keishi-to (TJ-10)

Author

Shi-Bing Su, Junta Sakai, Yoshiharu Motoo, Min-Jue Xie, Norio Sawabu, and Hiromi Taga

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pancreatic disease, Time Factors, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Gene Expression, Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins, In situ hybridization, Endocrinology, Antigens, Neoplasm, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Animals, Lectins, C-Type, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar, Pancreas, Cellular localization, In Situ Hybridization, Inflammation, Messenger RNA, Hepatology, business.industry, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Body Weight, Organ Size, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Rats, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Pancreatitis, Amylases, Chronic Disease, Acute pancreatitis, business, Acute-Phase Proteins, Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Abstract

Summary Pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) is almost absent in the normal pancreas but is overexpressed in acute pancreatitis. However, its expression in chronic pancreatitis (CP) is unknown. An herbal medicine Saiko-keishi-to (TJ-10) has long been used clinically for CP, but there is no experimental evidence of the effect of TJ-10 on CP. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of PAP and the effect of TJ-10 in a spontaneous chronic pancreatitis model. Four-week-old male WBN/Kob rats were fed with a special pellet diet (MB-3), and TJ-10 (80 mg/100 g body weight/day) was orally administered for 16 weeks. The rats were killed at every 4 weeks, and pancreata were histopathologically examined. PAP messenger RNA (mRNA) in the pancreas was detected with a reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The cellular localization of PAP mRNA and protein was analyzed analyzed with in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). PAP mRNA was expressed from 8 weeks, when the pancreas was still pathologically normal, and reached its peak at 12 weeks, when the pancreatitis first appeared. Then the expression of PAP mRNA was decreased gradually. TJ-10 suppressed the expression of PAP mRNA completely at 8 and 12 weeks. PAP mRNA was slightly expressed at 16 and 20 weeks. ISH and IHC confirmed the PAP mRNA and protein expression in the cytoplasm of acinar cells. These results suggest that PAP mRNA appears before CP, and its peak coincides with the onset of CP. TJ- 10 suppressed the PAP expression and delayed the development of CP in the WBN/Kob rat.

Published
1999

12. Effect of niuche-shen-qi-wan on painful muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis: a preliminary report

Author

Hiromi Taga, Takashi Okai, Yoshiharu Motoo, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Norio Sawabu, and Yasushi Yamaguchi

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cholagogues and Choleretics, Cirrhosis, Administration, Oral, Traditional Chinese medicine, Gastroenterology, Route of administration, Oral administration, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, In patient, Adverse effect, Diuretics, Aged, Muscle Cramp, Plants, Medicinal, business.industry, Plant Extracts, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Ursodeoxycholic Acid, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Complementary and alternative medicine, Vitamin B Complex, Painful muscle cramps, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Muscle cramp, Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Abstract

Twelve patients with liver cirrhosis complaining of painful muscle cramps were treated with Niuche-Shen-Qi-Wan (TJ-107). Three patients were at the decompensated state. Muscle cramps disappeared in 4 weeks on the average after oral administration of TJ-107 in all 12 patients. During the period of TJ-107 administration, there was no significant improvement of hepatic function. One patient complained of mild epigastric discomfort after taking TJ-107, but there were no other adverse effects. Our results indicate that TJ-107 is useful for treatment of painful muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients.

Published
1997

13. Human and viral interleukin-10 in acute Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis

Author

Hiromi Taga, Fred Wang, Giovanna Tosato, Jane Chretien, and Kazuyuki Taga

Subjects
endocrine system, Saliva, Mononucleosis, Matched-Pair Analysis, Antibodies, Heterophile, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Herpesviridae, Virus, Viral Proteins, Blood plasma, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Infectious Mononucleosis, medicine.disease, Virology, Epstein–Barr virus, Interleukin-10, Interleukin 10, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Acute Disease, Viral disease
Abstract

Human interleukin 10 (hIL-10), a product of monocytes, T cells, and B cells, shares extensive structural and functional similarity with viral IL-10 (vIL-10), a product of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replication. With two ELISAs, one that recognizes both hIL-10 and vIL-10 and the other specific for vIL-10, IL-10 was measured in serum or plasma and in saliva from 50 patients with acute EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis and from 19 normal subjects. In serum or plasma, 60% of the patients had measurable hIL-10 and/or vIL-10 and 18% had measurable vIL-10. In saliva, 20% of the patients had detectable hIL-10 and/or vIL-10 and none had detectable vIL-10. In contrast, hIL-10 and/or vIL-10 was undetectable in all 19 normal serum or plasma samples (P < .001 vs. patient samples). Among normal saliva samples, 21% had detectable hIL-10 and/or vIL-10 but none had detectable vIL-10. Thus, most patients with acute EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis transiently have abnormally high levels of circulating IL-10.

Published
1995

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