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1. Sequence variants associated with BMI affect disease risk through BMI itself

Author: Gudmundur Einarsson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Florian Zink, Hannes Helgason, Thorhildur Olafsdottir, Solvi Rognvaldsson, Vinicius Tragante, Magnus O. Ulfarsson, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Audunn S. Snaebjarnarson, Hafsteinn Einarsson, Hildur M. Aegisdottir, Gudrun A. Jonsdottir, Anna Helgadottir, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Hannes K. Arnason, Ragnar Bjarnason, Emil Sigurdsson, David O. Arnar, Einar S. Bjornsson, Runolfur Palsson, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Hreinn Stefansson, Thorgeir Thorgeirsson, Patrick Sulem, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Hilma Holm, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Mendelian Randomization studies indicate that BMI contributes to various diseases, but it’s unclear if this is entirely mediated by BMI itself. This study examines whether disease risk from BMI-associated sequence variants is mediated through BMI or other mechanisms, using data from Iceland and the UK Biobank. The associations of BMI genetic risk score with diseases like fatty liver disease, knee replacement, and glucose intolerance were fully attenuated when conditioned on BMI, and largely for type 2 diabetes, heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and hip replacement. Similar attenuation was observed for chronic kidney disease and stroke, though results varied. Findings were consistent across sexes, except for myocardial infarction. Residual effects may result from temporal BMI changes, pleiotropy, measurement error, non-linear relationships, non-collapsibility, or confounding. The attenuation extent of BMI genetic risk score on disease associations suggests the potential impact of reducing BMI on disease risk.
Published: 2024
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2. Sequence variants influencing the regulation of serum IgG subclass levels

Author: Thorunn A. Olafsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Aitzkoa Lopez de Lapuente Portilla, Stefan Jonsson, Lilja Stefansdottir, Abhishek Niroula, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Hannes P. Eggertsson, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Gudny E. Thorlacius, Asgeir O. Arnthorsson, Unnur S. Bjornsdottir, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Arthur E. H. Bentlage, Gudmundur I. Eyjolfsson, Steinunn Gudmundsdottir, Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir, Bjarni V. Halldorsson, Hilma Holm, Bjorn R. Ludviksson, Pall Melsted, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Isleifur Olafsson, Saedis Saevarsdottir, Olof Sigurdardottir, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Robin Temming, Pall T. Önundarson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Gestur Vidarsson, Patrick Sulem, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Björn Nilsson, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the main isotype of antibody in human blood. IgG consists of four subclasses (IgG1 to IgG4), encoded by separate constant region genes within the Ig heavy chain locus (IGH). Here, we report a genome-wide association study on blood IgG subclass levels. Across 4334 adults and 4571 individuals under 18 years, we discover ten new and identify four known variants at five loci influencing IgG subclass levels. These variants also affect the risk of asthma, autoimmune diseases, and blood traits. Seven variants map to the IGH locus, three to the Fcγ receptor (FCGR) locus, and two to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, affecting the levels of all IgG subclasses. The most significant associations are observed between the G1m (f), G2m(n) and G3m(b*) allotypes, and IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3, respectively. Additionally, we describe selective associations with IgG4 at 16p11.2 (ITGAX) and 17q21.1 (IKZF3, ZPBP2, GSDMB, ORMDL3). Interestingly, the latter coincides with a highly pleiotropic signal where the allele associated with lower IgG4 levels protects against childhood asthma but predisposes to inflammatory bowel disease. Our results provide insight into the regulation of antibody-mediated immunity that can potentially be useful in the development of antibody based therapeutics.
Published: 2024
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3. Loss-of-function variants in ITSN1 confer high risk of Parkinson’s disease

Author: Astros Th. Skuladottir, Vinicius Tragante, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Hannes Helgason, Arni Sturluson, Anna Bjornsdottir, Palmi Jonsson, Vala Palmadottir, Olafur A. Sveinsson, Brynjar O. Jensson, Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Rosa S. Gisladottir, Arni F. Gunnarsson, G. Bragi Walters, Gudrun A. Jonsdottir, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Hilma Holm, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Patrick Sulem, Hreinn Stefansson, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder and its rising global incidence highlights the need for the identification of modifiable risk factors. In a gene-based burden test of rare variants (8647 PD cases and 777,693 controls) we discovered a novel association between loss-of-function variants in ITSN1 and PD. This association was further supported with burden data from the Neurodegenerative Disease Knowledge Portal and the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Parkinson’s Disease Knowledge Platform. Our findings show that Rho GTPases and disruptions in synaptic vesicle transport may be involved in the pathogenesis of PD, pointing to the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches.
Published: 2024
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4. Start codon variant in LAG3 is associated with decreased LAG-3 expression and increased risk of autoimmune thyroid disease

Author: Saedis Saevarsdottir, Kristbjörg Bjarnadottir, Thorsteinn Markusson, Jonas Berglund, Thorunn A. Olafsdottir, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Gudrun Rutsdottir, Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir, Asgeir Orn Arnthorsson, Sigrun H. Lund, Lilja Stefansdottir, Julius Gudmundsson, Ari J. Johannesson, Arni Sturluson, Asmundur Oddsson, Bjarni Halldorsson, Björn R. Ludviksson, Egil Ferkingstad, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Gerdur Grondal, Gisli Masson, Grimur Hjorleifsson Eldjarn, Gudmundur A. Thorisson, Katla Kristjansdottir, Kirk U. Knowlton, Kristjan H. S. Moore, Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson, Solvi Rognvaldsson, Stacey Knight, Lincoln D. Nadauld, Hilma Holm, Olafur T. Magnusson, Patrick Sulem, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Thorunn Rafnar, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Pall Melsted, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Ingileif Jonsdottir, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a common autoimmune disease. In a GWAS meta-analysis of 110,945 cases and 1,084,290 controls, 290 sequence variants at 225 loci are associated with AITD. Of these variants, 115 are previously unreported. Multiomics analysis yields 235 candidate genes outside the MHC-region and the findings highlight the importance of genes involved in T-cell regulation. A rare 5’-UTR variant (rs781745126-T, MAF = 0.13% in Iceland) in LAG3 has the largest effect (OR = 3.42, P = 2.2 × 10−16) and generates a novel start codon for an open reading frame upstream of the canonical protein translation initiation site. rs781745126-T reduces mRNA and surface expression of the inhibitory immune checkpoint LAG-3 co-receptor on activated lymphocyte subsets and halves LAG-3 levels in plasma among heterozygotes. All three homozygous carriers of rs781745126-T have AITD, of whom one also has two other T-cell mediated diseases, that is vitiligo and type 1 diabetes. rs781745126-T associates nominally with vitiligo (OR = 5.1, P = 6.5 × 10−3) but not with type 1 diabetes. Thus, the effect of rs781745126-T is akin to drugs that inhibit LAG-3, which unleash immune responses and can have thyroid dysfunction and vitiligo as adverse events. This illustrates how a multiomics approach can reveal potential drug targets and safety concerns.
Published: 2024
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5. Polygenic Interactions With Environmental Exposures in Blood Pressure Regulation: The HUNT Study

Author: Karsten Øvretveit, Emma M. L. Ingeström, Michail Spitieris, Vinicius Tragante, Laurent F. Thomas, Ingelin Steinsland, Ben M. Brumpton, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hilma Holm, Kari Stefansson, Ulrik Wisløff, and Kristian Hveem
Subjects: blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular disease, gene–environment interactions, polygenic risk scores, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background The essential hypertension phenotype results from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The influence of lifestyle exposures such as excess adiposity, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, diet, and activity patterns on blood pressure (BP) is well established. Additionally, polygenic risk scores for BP traits are associated with clinically significant phenotypic variation. However, interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors in hypertension morbidity and mortality are poorly characterized. Methods and Results We used genotype and phenotype data from up to 49 234 participants from the HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) to model gene–environment interactions between genome‐wide polygenic risk scores for systolic BP and diastolic BP and 125 environmental exposures. Among the 125 environmental exposures assessed, 108 and 100 were independently associated with SBP and DBP, respectively. Of these, 12 interactions were identified for genome‐wide PRSs for systolic BP and 4 for genome‐wide polygenic risk scores for diastolic BP, 2 of which were overlapping (P
Published: 2024
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6. Predicting the presence of coronary plaques featuring high-risk characteristics using polygenic risk scores and targeted proteomics in patients with suspected coronary artery disease

Author: Peter Loof Møller, Palle Duun Rohde, Jonathan Nørtoft Dahl, Laust Dupont Rasmussen, Louise Nissen, Samuel Emil Schmidt, Victoria McGilligan, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Kari Stefansson, Hilma Holm, Jacob Fog Bentzon, Morten Bøttcher, Simon Winther, and Mette Nyegaard
Subjects: High-risk coronary plaque, Coronary artery disease, Prediction, Genetics, Olink proteomics, Medicine, QH426-470
Abstract: Abstract Background The presence of coronary plaques with high-risk characteristics is strongly associated with adverse cardiac events beyond the identification of coronary stenosis. Testing by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) enables the identification of high-risk plaques (HRP). Referral for CCTA is presently based on pre-test probability estimates including clinical risk factors (CRFs); however, proteomics and/or genetic information could potentially improve patient selection for CCTA and, hence, identification of HRP. We aimed to (1) identify proteomic and genetic features associated with HRP presence and (2) investigate the effect of combining CRFs, proteomics, and genetics to predict HRP presence. Methods Consecutive chest pain patients (n = 1462) undergoing CCTA to diagnose obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) were included. Coronary plaques were assessed using a semi-automatic plaque analysis tool. Measurements of 368 circulating proteins were obtained with targeted Olink panels, and DNA genotyping was performed in all patients. Imputed genetic variants were used to compute a multi-trait multi-ancestry genome-wide polygenic score (GPSMult). HRP presence was defined as plaques with two or more high-risk characteristics (low attenuation, spotty calcification, positive remodeling, and napkin ring sign). Prediction of HRP presence was performed using the glmnet algorithm with repeated fivefold cross-validation, using CRFs, proteomics, and GPSMult as input features. Results HRPs were detected in 165 (11%) patients, and 15 input features were associated with HRP presence. Prediction of HRP presence based on CRFs yielded a mean area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) ± standard error of 73.2 ± 0.1, versus 69.0 ± 0.1 for proteomics and 60.1 ± 0.1 for GPSMult. Combining CRFs with GPSMult increased prediction accuracy (AUC 74.8 ± 0.1 (P = 0.004)), while the inclusion of proteomics provided no significant improvement to either the CRF (AUC 73.2 ± 0.1, P = 1.00) or the CRF + GPSMult (AUC 74.6 ± 0.1, P = 1.00) models, respectively. Conclusions In patients with suspected CAD, incorporating genetic data with either clinical or proteomic data improves the prediction of high-risk plaque presence. Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02264717 (September 2014).
Published: 2024
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7. X-chromosome and kidney function: evidence from a multi-trait genetic analysis of 908,697 individuals reveals sex-specific and sex-differential findings in genes regulated by androgen response elements

Author: Markus Scholz, Katrin Horn, Janne Pott, Matthias Wuttke, Andreas Kühnapfel, M. Kamal Nasr, Holger Kirsten, Yong Li, Anselm Hoppmann, Mathias Gorski, Sahar Ghasemi, Man Li, Adrienne Tin, Jin-Fang Chai, Massimiliano Cocca, Judy Wang, Teresa Nutile, Masato Akiyama, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Nisha Bansal, Mary L. Biggs, Thibaud Boutin, Hermann Brenner, Ben Brumpton, Ralph Burkhardt, Jianwen Cai, Archie Campbell, Harry Campbell, John Chalmers, Daniel I. Chasman, Miao Ling Chee, Miao Li Chee, Xu Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Renata Cifkova, Martha Daviglus, Graciela Delgado, Katalin Dittrich, Todd L. Edwards, Karlhans Endlich, J. Michael Gaziano, Ayush Giri, Franco Giulianini, Scott D. Gordon, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Stein Hallan, Pavel Hamet, Catharina A. Hartman, Caroline Hayward, Iris M. Heid, Jacklyn N. Hellwege, Bernd Holleczek, Hilma Holm, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Kristian Hveem, Berend Isermann, Jost B. Jonas, Peter K. Joshi, Yoichiro Kamatani, Masahiro Kanai, Mika Kastarinen, Chiea Chuen Khor, Wieland Kiess, Marcus E. Kleber, Antje Körner, Peter Kovacs, Alena Krajcoviechova, Holly Kramer, Bernhard K. Krämer, Mikko Kuokkanen, Mika Kähönen, Leslie A. Lange, James P. Lash, Terho Lehtimäki, Hengtong Li, Bridget M. Lin, Jianjun Liu, Markus Loeffler, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Nicholas G. Martin, Koichi Matsuda, Yuri Milaneschi, Pashupati P. Mishra, Nina Mononen, Grant W. Montgomery, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Josyf C. Mychaleckyj, Winfried März, Matthias Nauck, Kjell Nikus, Ilja M. Nolte, Raymond Noordam, Yukinori Okada, Isleifur Olafsson, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Markus Perola, Nicola Pirastu, Ozren Polasek, David J. Porteous, Tanja Poulain, Bruce M. Psaty, Ton J. Rabelink, Laura M. Raffield, Olli T. Raitakari, Humaira Rasheed, Dermot F. Reilly, Kenneth M. Rice, Anne Richmond, Paul M. Ridker, Jerome I. Rotter, Igor Rudan, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Veikko Salomaa, Neil Schneiderman, Ben Schöttker, Mario Sims, Harold Snieder, Klaus J. Stark, Kari Stefansson, Hannah Stocker, Michael Stumvoll, Patrick Sulem, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Per O. Svensson, E-Shyong Tai, Kent D. Taylor, Bamidele O. Tayo, Andrej Teren, Yih-Chung Tham, Joachim Thiery, Chris H. L. Thio, Laurent F. Thomas, Johanne Tremblay, Anke Tönjes, Peter J. van der Most, Veronique Vitart, Uwe Völker, Ya Xing Wang, Chaolong Wang, Wen Bin Wei, John B. Whitfield, Sarah H. Wild, James F. Wilson, Thomas W. Winkler, Tien-Yin Wong, Mark Woodward, Xueling Sim, Audrey Y. Chu, Mary F. Feitosa, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Adriana M. Hung, Alexander Teumer, Nora Franceschini, Afshin Parsa, Anna Köttgen, Pascal Schlosser, and Cristian Pattaro
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract X-chromosomal genetic variants are understudied but can yield valuable insights into sexually dimorphic human traits and diseases. We performed a sex-stratified cross-ancestry X-chromosome-wide association meta-analysis of seven kidney-related traits (n = 908,697), identifying 23 loci genome-wide significantly associated with two of the traits: 7 for uric acid and 16 for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), including four novel eGFR loci containing the functionally plausible prioritized genes ACSL4, CLDN2, TSPAN6 and the female-specific DRP2. Further, we identified five novel sex-interactions, comprising male-specific effects at FAM9B and AR/EDA2R, and three sex-differential findings with larger genetic effect sizes in males at DCAF12L1 and MST4 and larger effect sizes in females at HPRT1. All prioritized genes in loci showing significant sex-interactions were located next to androgen response elements (ARE). Five ARE genes showed sex-differential expressions. This study contributes new insights into sex-dimorphisms of kidney traits along with new prioritized gene targets for further molecular research.
Published: 2024
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8. Genetic insights into resting heart rate and its role in cardiovascular disease

Author: Yordi J. van de Vegte, Ruben N. Eppinga, M. Yldau van der Ende, Yanick P. Hagemeijer, Yuvaraj Mahendran, Elias Salfati, Albert V. Smith, Vanessa Y. Tan, Dan E. Arking, Ioanna Ntalla, Emil V. Appel, Claudia Schurmann, Jennifer A. Brody, Rico Rueedi, Ozren Polasek, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Cecile Lecoeur, Claes Ladenvall, Jing Hua Zhao, Aaron Isaacs, Lihua Wang, Jian’an Luan, Shih-Jen Hwang, Nina Mononen, Kirsi Auro, Anne U. Jackson, Lawrence F. Bielak, Linyao Zeng, Nabi Shah, Maria Nethander, Archie Campbell, Tuomo Rankinen, Sonali Pechlivanis, Lu Qi, Wei Zhao, Federica Rizzi, Toshiko Tanaka, Antonietta Robino, Massimiliano Cocca, Leslie Lange, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Carolina Roselli, Weihua Zhang, Marcus E. Kleber, Xiuqing Guo, Henry J. Lin, Francesca Pavani, Tessel E. Galesloot, Raymond Noordam, Yuri Milaneschi, Katharina E. Schraut, Marcel den Hoed, Frauke Degenhardt, Stella Trompet, Marten E. van den Berg, Giorgio Pistis, Yih-Chung Tham, Stefan Weiss, Xueling S. Sim, Hengtong L. Li, Peter J. van der Most, Ilja M. Nolte, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, M. Abdullah Said, Daniel R. Witte, Carlos Iribarren, Lenore Launer, Susan M. Ring, Paul S. de Vries, Peter Sever, Allan Linneberg, Erwin P. Bottinger, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Bruce M. Psaty, Nona Sotoodehnia, Ivana Kolcic, The DCCT/EDIC Research Group, David O. Arnar, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hilma Holm, Beverley Balkau, Claudia T. Silva, Christopher H. Newton-Cheh, Kjell Nikus, Perttu Salo, Karen L. Mohlke, Patricia A. Peyser, Heribert Schunkert, Mattias Lorentzon, Jari Lahti, Dabeeru C. Rao, Marilyn C. Cornelis, Jessica D. Faul, Jennifer A. Smith, Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek, Stefania Bandinelli, Maria Pina Concas, Gianfranco Sinagra, Thomas Meitinger, Melanie Waldenberger, Moritz F. Sinner, Konstantin Strauch, Graciela E. Delgado, Kent D. Taylor, Jie Yao, Luisa Foco, Olle Melander, Jacqueline de Graaf, Renée de Mutsert, Eco J. C. de Geus, Åsa Johansson, Peter K. Joshi, Lars Lind, Andre Franke, Peter W. Macfarlane, Kirill V. Tarasov, Nicholas Tan, Stephan B. Felix, E-Shyong Tai, Debra Q. Quek, Harold Snieder, Johan Ormel, Martin Ingelsson, Cecilia Lindgren, Andrew P. Morris, Olli T. Raitakari, Torben Hansen, Themistocles Assimes, Vilmundur Gudnason, Nicholas J. Timpson, Alanna C. Morrison, Patricia B. Munroe, David P. Strachan, Niels Grarup, Ruth J. F. Loos, Susan R. Heckbert, Peter Vollenweider, Caroline Hayward, Kari Stefansson, Philippe Froguel, Leif Groop, Nicholas J. Wareham, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Mary F. Feitosa, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Mika Kähönen, Markus Perola, Michael Boehnke, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Jeanette Erdmann, Colin N. A. Palmer, Claes Ohlsson, David J. Porteous, Johan G. Eriksson, Claude Bouchard, Susanne Moebus, Peter Kraft, David R. Weir, Daniele Cusi, Luigi Ferrucci, Sheila Ulivi, Giorgia Girotto, Adolfo Correa, Stefan Kääb, Annette Peters, John C. Chambers, Jaspal S. Kooner, Winfried März, Jerome I. Rotter, Andrew A. Hicks, J. Gustav Smith, Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Ulf Gyllensten, James F. Wilson, Stephen Burgess, Johan Sundström, Wolfgang Lieb, J. Wouter Jukema, Mark Eijgelsheim, Edward L. M. Lakatta, Ching-Yu Cheng, Marcus Dörr, Tien-Yin Wong, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Harriette Riese, Terho Lehtimäki, Niek Verweij, and Pim van der Harst
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Resting heart rate is associated with cardiovascular diseases and mortality in observational and Mendelian randomization studies. The aims of this study are to extend the number of resting heart rate associated genetic variants and to obtain further insights in resting heart rate biology and its clinical consequences. A genome-wide meta-analysis of 100 studies in up to 835,465 individuals reveals 493 independent genetic variants in 352 loci, including 68 genetic variants outside previously identified resting heart rate associated loci. We prioritize 670 genes and in silico annotations point to their enrichment in cardiomyocytes and provide insights in their ECG signature. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that higher genetically predicted resting heart rate increases risk of dilated cardiomyopathy, but decreases risk of developing atrial fibrillation, ischemic stroke, and cardio-embolic stroke. We do not find evidence for a linear or non-linear genetic association between resting heart rate and all-cause mortality in contrast to our previous Mendelian randomization study. Systematic alteration of key differences between the current and previous Mendelian randomization study indicates that the most likely cause of the discrepancy between these studies arises from false positive findings in previous one-sample MR analyses caused by weak-instrument bias at lower P-value thresholds. The results extend our understanding of resting heart rate biology and give additional insights in its role in cardiovascular disease development.
Published: 2023
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9. Physical and cognitive impact following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large population-based case-control study

Author: Hilma Holm, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Thorhildur Olafsdottir, Rosa Thorolfsdottir, Elias Eythorsson, Kristjan Norland, Rosa Gisladottir, Gudrun Jonsdottir, Unnur Unnsteinsdottir, Kristin E. Sveinsdottir, Benedikt A. Jonsson, Margret Andresdottir, David O. Arnar, Asgeir O. Arnthorsson, Kolbrún Birgisdottir, Kristbjorg Bjarnadottir, Solveig Bjarnadottir, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Gudmundur Einarsson, Berglind Eiriksdottir, Elisabet Eir Gardarsdottir, Thorarinn Gislason, Magnus Gottfredsson, Steinunn Gudmundsdottir, Julius Gudmundsson, Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir, Anna Helgadottir, Dadi Helgason, Ingibjorg Hinriksdottir, Ragnar F. Ingvarsson, Sigga S. Jonasdottir, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Tekla H. Karlsdottir, Anna M. Kristinsdottir, Sigurdur Yngvi Kristinsson, Steinunn Kristjansdottir, Thorvardur J. Love, Dora Ludviksdottir, Gisli Masson, Gudmundur Norddahl, Thorunn Olafsdottir, Isleifur Olafsson, Thorunn Rafnar, Hrafnhildur L. Runolfsdottir, Jona Saemundsdottir, Svanur Sigurbjornsson, Kristin Sigurdardottir, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Martin I. Sigurdsson, Emil L. Sigurdsson, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Emil A. Thorarensen, Bjarni Thorbjornsson, Brynja Thorsteinsdottir, Vinicius Tragante, Magnus O. Ulfarsson, Hreinn Stefansson, Thorsteinn Gislason, Mar Kristjansson, Runolfur Palsson, Patrick Sulem, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background Persistent symptoms are common after SARS-CoV-2 infection but correlation with objective measures is unclear. Methods We invited all 3098 adults who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive in Iceland before October 2020 to the deCODE Health Study. We compared multiple symptoms and physical measures between 1706 Icelanders with confirmed prior infection (cases) who participated, and 619 contemporary and 13,779 historical controls. Cases participated in the study 5–18 months after infection. Results Here we report that 41 of 88 symptoms are associated with prior infection, most significantly disturbed smell and taste, memory disturbance, and dyspnea. Measured objectively, cases had poorer smell and taste results, less grip strength, and poorer memory recall. Differences in grip strength and memory recall were small. No other objective measure associated with prior infection including heart rate, blood pressure, postural orthostatic tachycardia, oxygen saturation, exercise tolerance, hearing, and traditional inflammatory, cardiac, liver, and kidney blood biomarkers. There was no evidence of more anxiety or depression among cases. We estimate the prevalence of long Covid to be 7% at a median of 8 months after infection. Conclusions We confirm that diverse symptoms are common months after SARS-CoV-2 infection but find few differences between cases and controls in objective parameters measured. These discrepancies between symptoms and physical measures suggest a more complicated contribution to symptoms related to prior infection than is captured with conventional tests. Traditional clinical assessment is not expected to be particularly informative in relating symptoms to a past SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Published: 2023
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10. Deficit of homozygosity among 1.52 million individuals and genetic causes of recessive lethality

Author: Asmundur Oddsson, Patrick Sulem, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Gudny A. Arnadottir, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Bjarni A. Atlason, Gudjon R. Oskarsson, Hannes Helgason, Henriette Svarre Nielsen, David Westergaard, Juha M. Karjalainen, Hildigunnur Katrinardottir, Run Fridriksdottir, Brynjar O. Jensson, Vinicius Tragante, Egil Ferkingstad, Hakon Jonsson, Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson, Doruk Beyter, Kristjan H. S. Moore, Helga B. Thordardottir, Snaedis Kristmundsdottir, Olafur A. Stefansson, Solbritt Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Ida Elken Sonderby, Maria Didriksen, Pernilla Stridh, Jan Haavik, Laufey Tryggvadottir, Oleksandr Frei, G. Bragi Walters, Ingrid Kockum, Henrik Hjalgrim, Thorunn A. Olafsdottir, Geir Selbaek, Mette Nyegaard, Christian Erikstrup, Thorsten Brodersen, Saedis Saevarsdottir, Tomas Olsson, Kaspar Rene Nielsen, Asgeir Haraldsson, Mie Topholm Bruun, Thomas Folkmann Hansen, DBDS Genomic Consortium, Thora Steingrimsdottir, Rikke Louise Jacobsen, Rolv T. Lie, Srdjan Djurovic, Lars Alfredsson, Aitzkoa Lopez de Lapuente Portilla, Soren Brunak, Pall Melsted, Bjarni V. Halldorsson, Jona Saemundsdottir, Olafur Th. Magnusson, Leonid Padyukov, Karina Banasik, Thorunn Rafnar, Johan Askling, Lars Klareskog, Ole Birger Pedersen, Gisli Masson, Alexandra Havdahl, Bjorn Nilsson, Ole A. Andreassen, Mark Daly, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Hreinn Stefansson, Hilma Holm, Agnar Helgason, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson, and Daniel F. Gudbjartsson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Genotypes causing pregnancy loss and perinatal mortality are depleted among living individuals and are therefore difficult to find. To explore genetic causes of recessive lethality, we searched for sequence variants with deficit of homozygosity among 1.52 million individuals from six European populations. In this study, we identified 25 genes harboring protein-altering sequence variants with a strong deficit of homozygosity (10% or less of predicted homozygotes). Sequence variants in 12 of the genes cause Mendelian disease under a recessive mode of inheritance, two under a dominant mode, but variants in the remaining 11 have not been reported to cause disease. Sequence variants with a strong deficit of homozygosity are over-represented among genes essential for growth of human cell lines and genes orthologous to mouse genes known to affect viability. The function of these genes gives insight into the genetics of intrauterine lethality. We also identified 1077 genes with homozygous predicted loss-of-function genotypes not previously described, bringing the total set of genes completely knocked out in humans to 4785.
Published: 2023
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11. Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Author: Stavroula Kanoni, Sarah E. Graham, Yuxuan Wang, Ida Surakka, Shweta Ramdas, Xiang Zhu, Shoa L. Clarke, Konain Fatima Bhatti, Sailaja Vedantam, Thomas W. Winkler, Adam E. Locke, Eirini Marouli, Greg J. M. Zajac, Kuan-Han H. Wu, Ioanna Ntalla, Qin Hui, Derek Klarin, Austin T. Hilliard, Zeyuan Wang, Chao Xue, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Anna Helgadottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hilma Holm, Isleifur Olafsson, Mi Yeong Hwang, Sohee Han, Masato Akiyama, Saori Sakaue, Chikashi Terao, Masahiro Kanai, Wei Zhou, Ben M. Brumpton, Humaira Rasheed, Aki S. Havulinna, Yogasudha Veturi, Jennifer Allen Pacheco, Elisabeth A. Rosenthal, Todd Lingren, QiPing Feng, Iftikhar J. Kullo, Akira Narita, Jun Takayama, Hilary C. Martin, Karen A. Hunt, Bhavi Trivedi, Jeffrey Haessler, Franco Giulianini, Yuki Bradford, Jason E. Miller, Archie Campbell, Kuang Lin, Iona Y. Millwood, Asif Rasheed, George Hindy, Jessica D. Faul, Wei Zhao, David R. Weir, Constance Turman, Hongyan Huang, Mariaelisa Graff, Ananyo Choudhury, Dhriti Sengupta, Anubha Mahajan, Michael R. Brown, Weihua Zhang, Ketian Yu, Ellen M. Schmidt, Anita Pandit, Stefan Gustafsson, Xianyong Yin, Jian’an Luan, Jing-Hua Zhao, Fumihiko Matsuda, Hye-Mi Jang, Kyungheon Yoon, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Achilleas Pitsillides, Jouke Jan Hottenga, Andrew R. Wood, Yingji Ji, Zishan Gao, Simon Haworth, Noha A. Yousri, Ruth E. Mitchell, Jin Fang Chai, Mette Aadahl, Anne A. Bjerregaard, Jie Yao, Ani Manichaikul, Chii-Min Hwu, Yi-Jen Hung, Helen R. Warren, Julia Ramirez, Jette Bork-Jensen, Line L. Kårhus, Anuj Goel, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Raymond Noordam, Pala Mauro, Floris Matteo, Aaron F. McDaid, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Matthias Wielscher, Stella Trompet, Naveed Sattar, Line T. Møllehave, Matthias Munz, Lingyao Zeng, Jianfeng Huang, Bin Yang, Alaitz Poveda, Azra Kurbasic, Claudia Lamina, Lukas Forer, Markus Scholz, Tessel E. Galesloot, Jonathan P. Bradfield, Sanni E. Ruotsalainen, EWarwick Daw, Joseph M. Zmuda, Jonathan S. Mitchell, Christian Fuchsberger, Henry Christensen, Jennifer A. Brody, Miguel Vazquez-Moreno, Mary F. Feitosa, Mary K. Wojczynski, Zhe Wang, Michael H. Preuss, Massimo Mangino, Paraskevi Christofidou, Niek Verweij, Jan W. Benjamins, Jorgen Engmann, Noah L. Tsao, Anurag Verma, Roderick C. Slieker, Ken Sin Lo, Nuno R. Zilhao, Phuong Le, Marcus E. Kleber, Graciela E. Delgado, Shaofeng Huo, Daisuke D. Ikeda, Hiroyuki Iha, Jian Yang, Jun Liu, Ayşe Demirkan, Hampton L. Leonard, Jonathan Marten, Mirjam Frank, Börge Schmidt, Laura J. Smyth, Marisa Cañadas-Garre, Chaolong Wang, Masahiro Nakatochi, Andrew Wong, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Xueling Sim, Rui Xia, Alicia Huerta-Chagoya, Juan Carlos Fernandez-Lopez, Valeriya Lyssenko, Suraj S. Nongmaithem, Swati Bayyana, Heather M. Stringham, Marguerite R. Irvin, Christopher Oldmeadow, Han-Na Kim, Seungho Ryu, Paul R. H. J. Timmers, Liubov Arbeeva, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Leslie A. Lange, Gauri Prasad, Laura Lorés-Motta, Marc Pauper, Jirong Long, Xiaohui Li, Elizabeth Theusch, Fumihiko Takeuchi, Cassandra N. Spracklen, Anu Loukola, Sailalitha Bollepalli, Sophie C. Warner, Ya Xing Wang, Wen B. Wei, Teresa Nutile, Daniela Ruggiero, Yun Ju Sung, Shufeng Chen, Fangchao Liu, Jingyun Yang, Katherine A. Kentistou, Bernhard Banas, Giuseppe Giovanni Nardone, Karina Meidtner, Lawrence F. Bielak, Jennifer A. Smith, Prashantha Hebbar, Aliki-Eleni Farmaki, Edith Hofer, Maoxuan Lin, Maria Pina Concas, Simona Vaccargiu, Peter J. van der Most, Niina Pitkänen, Brian E. Cade, Sander W. van der Laan, Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala, Stefan Weiss, Amy R. Bentley, Ayo P. Doumatey, Adebowale A. Adeyemo, Jong Young Lee, Eva R. B. Petersen, Aneta A. Nielsen, Hyeok Sun Choi, Maria Nethander, Sandra Freitag-Wolf, Lorraine Southam, Nigel W. Rayner, Carol A. Wang, Shih-Yi Lin, Jun-Sing Wang, Christian Couture, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Kjell Nikus, Gabriel Cuellar-Partida, Henrik Vestergaard, Bertha Hidalgo, Olga Giannakopoulou, Qiuyin Cai, Morgan O. Obura, Jessica van Setten, Xiaoyin Li, Jingjing Liang, Hua Tang, Natalie Terzikhan, Jae Hun Shin, Rebecca D. Jackson, Alexander P. Reiner, Lisa Warsinger Martin, Zhengming Chen, Liming Li, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Joachim Thiery, Joshua C. Bis, Lenore J. Launer, Huaixing Li, Mike A. Nalls, Olli T. Raitakari, Sahoko Ichihara, Sarah H. Wild, Christopher P. Nelson, Harry Campbell, Susanne Jäger, Toru Nabika, Fahd Al-Mulla, Harri Niinikoski, Peter S. Braund, Ivana Kolcic, Peter Kovacs, Tota Giardoglou, Tomohiro Katsuya, Dominique de Kleijn, Gert J. de Borst, Eung Kweon Kim, Hieab H. H. Adams, M. Arfan Ikram, Xiaofeng Zhu, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Adriaan O. Kraaijeveld, Joline W. J. Beulens, Xiao-Ou Shu, Loukianos S. Rallidis, Oluf Pedersen, Torben Hansen, Paul Mitchell, Alex W. Hewitt, Mika Kähönen, Louis Pérusse, Claude Bouchard, Anke Tönjes, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Craig E. Pennell, Trevor A. Mori, Wolfgang Lieb, Andre Franke, Claes Ohlsson, Dan Mellström, Yoon Shin Cho, Hyejin Lee, Jian-Min Yuan, Woon-Puay Koh, Sang Youl Rhee, Jeong-Taek Woo, Iris M. Heid, Klaus J. Stark, Martina E. Zimmermann, Henry Völzke, Georg Homuth, Michele K. Evans, Alan B. Zonderman, Ozren Polasek, Gerard Pasterkamp, Imo E. Hoefer, Susan Redline, Katja Pahkala, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Harold Snieder, Ginevra Biino, Reinhold Schmidt, Helena Schmidt, Stefania Bandinelli, George Dedoussis, Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj, Sharon L. R. Kardia, Patricia A. Peyser, Norihiro Kato, Matthias B. Schulze, Giorgia Girotto, Carsten A. Böger, Bettina Jung, Peter K. Joshi, David A. Bennett, Philip L. De Jager, Xiangfeng Lu, Vasiliki Mamakou, Morris Brown, Mark J. Caulfield, Patricia B. Munroe, Xiuqing Guo, Marina Ciullo, Jost B. Jonas, Nilesh J. Samani, Jaakko Kaprio, Päivi Pajukanta, Teresa Tusié-Luna, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Linda S. Adair, Sonny Augustin Bechayda, H. Janaka de Silva, Ananda R. Wickremasinghe, Ronald M. Krauss, Jer-Yuarn Wu, Wei Zheng, Anneke Iden Hollander, Dwaipayan Bharadwaj, Adolfo Correa, James G. Wilson, Lars Lind, Chew-Kiat Heng, Amanda E. Nelson, Yvonne M. Golightly, James F. Wilson, Brenda Penninx, Hyung-Lae Kim, John Attia, Rodney J. Scott, D. C. Rao, Donna K. Arnett, Steven C. Hunt, Mark Walker, Heikki A. Koistinen, Giriraj R. Chandak, Josep M. Mercader, Maria C. Costanzo, Dongkeun Jang, Noël P. Burtt, Clicerio Gonzalez Villalpando, Lorena Orozco, Myriam Fornage, EShyong Tai, Rob M. van Dam, Terho Lehtimäki, Nish Chaturvedi, Mitsuhiro Yokota, Jianjun Liu, Dermot F. Reilly, Amy Jayne McKnight, Frank Kee, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Mark I. McCarthy, Colin N. A. Palmer, Veronique Vitart, Caroline Hayward, Eleanor Simonsick, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Zi-Bing Jin, Jia Qu, Haretsugu Hishigaki, Xu Lin, Winfried März, Vilmundur Gudnason, Jean-Claude Tardif, Guillaume Lettre, Leen M.‘t Hart, Petra J. M. Elders, Scott M. Damrauer, Meena Kumari, Mika Kivimaki, Pim van der Harst, Tim D. Spector, Ruth J. F. Loos, Michael A. Province, Esteban J. Parra, Miguel Cruz, Bruce M. Psaty, Ivan Brandslund, Peter P. Pramstaller, Charles N. Rotimi, Kaare Christensen, Samuli Ripatti, Elisabeth Widén, Hakon Hakonarson, Struan F. A. Grant, Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney, Jacqueline de Graaf, Markus Loeffler, Florian Kronenberg, Dongfeng Gu, Jeanette Erdmann, Heribert Schunkert, Paul W. Franks, Allan Linneberg, J. Wouter Jukema, Amit V. Khera, Minna Männikkö, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Zoltan Kutalik, Cucca Francesco, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Ko Willems van Dijk, Hugh Watkins, David P. Strachan, Niels Grarup, Peter Sever, Neil Poulter, Lee-Ming Chuang, Jerome I. Rotter, Thomas M. Dantoft, Fredrik Karpe, Matt J. Neville, Nicholas J. Timpson, Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien-Yin Wong, Chiea Chuen Khor, Hengtong Li, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Annette Peters, Christian Gieger, Andrew T. Hattersley, Nancy L. Pedersen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Dorret I. Boomsma, Allegonda H. M. Willemsen, LAdrienne Cupples, Joyce B. J. van Meurs, Mohsen Ghanbari, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Wei Huang, Young Jin Kim, Yasuharu Tabara, Nicholas J. Wareham, Claudia Langenberg, Eleftheria Zeggini, Johanna Kuusisto, Markku Laakso, Erik Ingelsson, Goncalo Abecasis, John C. Chambers, Jaspal S. Kooner, Paul S. de Vries, Alanna C. Morrison, Scott Hazelhurst, Michèle Ramsay, Kari E. North, Martha Daviglus, Peter Kraft, Nicholas G. Martin, John B. Whitfield, Shahid Abbas, Danish Saleheen, Robin G. Walters, Michael V. Holmes, Corri Black, Blair H. Smith, Aris Baras, Anne E. Justice, Julie E. Buring, Paul M. Ridker, Daniel I. Chasman, Charles Kooperberg, Gen Tamiya, Masayuki Yamamoto, David A. van Heel, Richard C. Trembath, Wei-Qi Wei, Gail P. Jarvik, Bahram Namjou, M. Geoffrey Hayes, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Pekka Jousilahti, Veikko Salomaa, Kristian Hveem, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Michiaki Kubo, Yoichiro Kamatani, Yukinori Okada, Yoshinori Murakami, Bong-Jo Kim, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson, Jifeng Zhang, YEugene Chen, Yuk-Lam Ho, Julie A. Lynch, Daniel J. Rader, Philip S. Tsao, Kyong-Mi Chang, Kelly Cho, Christopher J. O’Donnell, John M. Gaziano, Peter W. F. Wilson, Timothy M. Frayling, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Sekar Kathiresan, Karen L. Mohlke, Yan V. Sun, Andrew P. Morris, Michael Boehnke, Christopher D. Brown, Pradeep Natarajan, Panos Deloukas, Cristen J. Willer, Themistocles L. Assimes, and Gina M. Peloso
Subjects: Cholesterol, Lipids, Genetics, Genome-wide association study, GWAS, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, QH426-470
Abstract: Abstract Background Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery. Results To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3–5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism. Conclusions Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
Published: 2022
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12. HLA alleles, disease severity, and age associate with T-cell responses following infection with SARS-CoV-2

Author: Thorunn A. Olafsdottir, Kristbjorg Bjarnadottir, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Pall Melsted, Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir, Erna Ivarsdottir, Thorhildur Olafsdottir, Asgeir O. Arnthorsson, Fannar Theodors, Elias Eythorsson, Dadi Helgason, Hannes P. Eggertsson, Gisli Masson, Sólveig Bjarnadottir, Saedis Saevarsdottir, Hrafnhildur L. Runolfsdottir, Isleifur Olafsson, Jona Saemundsdottir, Martin I. Sigurdsson, Ragnar F. Ingvarsson, Runolfur Palsson, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Bjarni V. Halldorsson, Hilma Holm, Mar Kristjansson, Patrick Sulem, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: A study of 768 convalescent SARS CoV-2-infected and 500 uninfected Icelanders reveals broad and stable T-cell responses 3-8 months from infection. HLA alleles, disease severity, and age contribute to the heterogeneity of cellular immunity.
Published: 2022
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13. Screening for Rare Coding Variants That Associate With the QTc Interval in Iceland

Author: Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Bara D. Benediktsdottir, Gunnlaugur Sigfusson, Kristjan Norland, Olafur B. Davidsson, Rosa B. Thorolfsdottir, Vinicius Tragante, Gudny A. Arnadottir, Brynjar O. Jensson, Hildigunnur Katrinardottir, Run Fridriksdottir, Hallbera Gudmundsdottir, Hildur M. Aegisdottir, Brynjar Fridriksson, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Vidar Magnusson, Asmundur Oddsson, Patrick Sulem, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hilma Holm, David O. Arnar, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: genetic epidemiology, genetics, long‐QT syndrome, precision medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background Long‐QT syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiac repolarization abnormality that can lead to sudden cardiac death. The most common causes are rare coding variants in the genes KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A. The data on LQTS epidemiology are limited, and information on expressivity and penetrance of pathogenic variants is sparse. Methods and Results We screened for rare coding variants associated with the corrected QT (QTc) interval in Iceland. We explored the frequency of the identified variants, their penetrance, and their association with severe events. Twelve variants were associated with the QTc interval. Five in KCNQ1, 3 in KCNH2, 2 in cardiomyopathy genes MYBPC3 and PKP2, and 2 in genes where coding variants have not been associated with the QTc interval, ISOC1 and MYOM2. The combined carrier frequency of the 8 variants in the previously known LQTS genes was 530 per 100 000 individuals (1:190). p.Tyr315Cys and p.Leu273Phe in KCNQ1 were associated with having a mean QTc interval longer than 500 ms (P=4.2×10−7; odds ratio [OR], 38.6; P=8.4×10−10, OR, 26.5; respectively), and p.Leu273Phe was associated with sudden cardiac death (P=0.0034; OR, 2.99). p.Val215Met in KCNQ1 was carried by 1 in 280 Icelanders, had a smaller effect on the QTc interval (P=1.8×10−44; effect, 22.8 ms), and did not associate with severe clinical events. Conclusions The carrier frequency of associating variants in LQTS genes was higher than previous estimates of the prevalence of LQTS. The variants have variable effects on the QTc interval, and carriers of p.Tyr315Cys and p.Leu273Phe have a more severe disease than carriers of p.Val215Met. These data could lead to improved identification, risk stratification, and a more precise clinical approach to those with QTc prolongation.
Published: 2023
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14. Genetic architecture of band neutrophil fraction in Iceland

Author: Gudjon R. Oskarsson, Magnus K. Magnusson, Asmundur Oddsson, Brynjar O. Jensson, Run Fridriksdottir, Gudny A. Arnadottir, Hildigunnur Katrinardottir, Solvi Rognvaldsson, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Lilja Stefansdottir, Egil Ferkingstad, Kristjan Norland, Vinicius Tragante, Jona Saemundsdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Svanhvit Sigurjonsdottir, Karen O. Petursdottir, Olafur B. Davidsson, Thorunn Rafnar, Hilma Holm, Isleifur Olafsson, Pall T. Onundarson, Brynjar Vidarsson, Olof Sigurdardottir, Gisli Masson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Patrick Sulem, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: A GWAS in Iceland reveals that variants in inner nuclear membrane proteins are associated with nuclear morphology of granulocytes and band neutrophil fraction.
Published: 2022
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15. Differential and shared genetic effects on kidney function between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals

Author: Thomas W. Winkler, Humaira Rasheed, Alexander Teumer, Mathias Gorski, Bryce X. Rowan, Kira J. Stanzick, Laurent F. Thomas, Adrienne Tin, Anselm Hoppmann, Audrey Y. Chu, Bamidele Tayo, Chris H. L. Thio, Daniele Cusi, Jin-Fang Chai, Karsten B. Sieber, Katrin Horn, Man Li, Markus Scholz, Massimiliano Cocca, Matthias Wuttke, Peter J. van der Most, Qiong Yang, Sahar Ghasemi, Teresa Nutile, Yong Li, Giulia Pontali, Felix Günther, Abbas Dehghan, Adolfo Correa, Afshin Parsa, Agnese Feresin, Aiko P. J. de Vries, Alan B. Zonderman, Albert V. Smith, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Alessandro De Grandi, Alexander R. Rosenkranz, Andre Franke, Andrej Teren, Andres Metspalu, Andrew A. Hicks, Andrew P. Morris, Anke Tönjes, Anna Morgan, Anna I. Podgornaia, Annette Peters, Antje Körner, Anubha Mahajan, Archie Campbell, Barry I. Freedman, Beatrice Spedicati, Belen Ponte, Ben Schöttker, Ben Brumpton, Bernhard Banas, Bernhard K. Krämer, Bettina Jung, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Blair H. Smith, Boting Ning, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Brett R. Vanderwerff, Bruce M. Psaty, Candace M. Kammerer, Carl D. Langefeld, Caroline Hayward, Cassandra N. Spracklen, Cassianne Robinson-Cohen, Catharina A. Hartman, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Chaolong Wang, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Chew-Kiat Heng, Chiara Lanzani, Chiea-Chuen Khor, Ching-Yu Cheng, Christian Fuchsberger, Christian Gieger, Christian M. Shaffer, Christina-Alexandra Schulz, Cristen J. Willer, Daniel I. Chasman, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Daniela Ruggiero, Daniela Toniolo, Darina Czamara, David J. Porteous, Dawn M. Waterworth, Deborah Mascalzoni, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Dermot F. Reilly, E. Warwick Daw, Edith Hofer, Eric Boerwinkle, Erika Salvi, Erwin P. Bottinger, E-Shyong Tai, Eulalia Catamo, Federica Rizzi, Feng Guo, Fernando Rivadeneira, Franco Guilianini, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Georg Ehret, Gerard Waeber, Ginevra Biino, Giorgia Girotto, Giorgio Pistis, Girish N. Nadkarni, Graciela E. Delgado, Grant W. Montgomery, Harold Snieder, Harry Campbell, Harvey D. White, He Gao, Heather M. Stringham, Helena Schmidt, Hengtong Li, Hermann Brenner, Hilma Holm, Holgen Kirsten, Holly Kramer, Igor Rudan, Ilja M. Nolte, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Isleifur Olafsson, Jade Martins, James P. Cook, James F. Wilson, Jan Halbritter, Janine F. Felix, Jasmin Divers, Jaspal S. Kooner, Jeannette Jen-Mai Lee, Jeffrey O’Connell, Jerome I. Rotter, Jianjun Liu, Jie Xu, Joachim Thiery, Johan Ärnlöv, Johanna Kuusisto, Johanna Jakobsdottir, Johanne Tremblay, John C. Chambers, John B. Whitfield, John M. Gaziano, Jonathan Marten, Josef Coresh, Jost B. Jonas, Josyf C. Mychaleckyj, Kaare Christensen, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Karen L. Mohlke, Karlhans Endlich, Katalin Dittrich, Kathleen A. Ryan, Kenneth M. Rice, Kent D. Taylor, Kevin Ho, Kjell Nikus, Koichi Matsuda, Konstantin Strauch, Kozeta Miliku, Kristian Hveem, Lars Lind, Lars Wallentin, Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M. Raffield, Lawrence S. Phillips, Lenore J. Launer, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Leslie A. Lange, Lorena Citterio, Lucija Klaric, M. Arfan Ikram, Marcus Ising, Marcus E. Kleber, Margherita Francescatto, Maria Pina Concas, Marina Ciullo, Mario Piratsu, Marju Orho-Melander, Markku Laakso, Markus Loeffler, Markus Perola, Martin H. de Borst, Martin Gögele, Martina La Bianca, Mary Ann Lukas, Mary F. Feitosa, Mary L. Biggs, Mary K. Wojczynski, Maryam Kavousi, Masahiro Kanai, Masato Akiyama, Masayuki Yasuda, Matthias Nauck, Melanie Waldenberger, Miao-Li Chee, Miao-Ling Chee, Michael Boehnke, Michael H. Preuss, Michael Stumvoll, Michael A. Province, Michele K. Evans, Michelle L. O’Donoghue, Michiaki Kubo, Mika Kähönen, Mika Kastarinen, Mike A. Nalls, Mikko Kuokkanen, Mohsen Ghanbari, Murielle Bochud, Navya Shilpa Josyula, Nicholas G. Martin, Nicholas Y. Q. Tan, Nicholette D. Palmer, Nicola Pirastu, Nicole Schupf, Niek Verweij, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Nina Mononen, Nisha Bansal, Olivier Devuyst, Olle Melander, Olli T. Raitakari, Ozren Polasek, Paolo Manunta, Paolo Gasparini, Pashupati P. Mishra, Patrick Sulem, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Paul Elliott, Paul M. Ridker, Pavel Hamet, Per O. Svensson, Peter K. Joshi, Peter Kovacs, Peter P. Pramstaller, Peter Rossing, Peter Vollenweider, Pim van der Harst, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Ralene Z. H. Sim, Ralph Burkhardt, Ran Tao, Raymond Noordam, Reedik Mägi, Reinhold Schmidt, Renée de Mutsert, Rico Rueedi, Rob M. van Dam, Robert J. Carroll, Ron T. Gansevoort, Ruth J. F. Loos, Sala Cinzia Felicita, Sanaz Sedaghat, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Sandra Freitag-Wolf, Sarah A. Pendergrass, Sarah E. Graham, Scott D. Gordon, Shih-Jen Hwang, Shona M. Kerr, Simona Vaccargiu, Snehal B. Patil, Stein Hallan, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Su-Chi Lim, Susanne Lucae, Suzanne Vogelezang, Sven Bergmann, Tanguy Corre, Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia, Terho Lehtimäki, Thibaud S. Boutin, Thomas Meitinger, Tien-Yin Wong, Tobias Bergler, Ton J. Rabelink, Tõnu Esko, Toomas Haller, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Uwe Völker, Valencia Hui Xian Foo, Veikko Salomaa, Veronique Vitart, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Vilmundur Gudnason, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Wei Huang, Weihua Zhang, Wen Bin Wei, Wieland Kiess, Winfried März, Wolfgang Koenig, Wolfgang Lieb, Xin Gao, Xueling Sim, Ya Xing Wang, Yechiel Friedlander, Yih-Chung Tham, Yoichiro Kamatani, Yukinori Okada, Yuri Milaneschi, Zhi Yu, Lifelines cohort study, DiscovEHR/MyCode study, VA Million Veteran Program, Klaus J. Stark, Kari Stefansson, Carsten A. Böger, Adriana M. Hung, Florian Kronenberg, Anna Köttgen, Cristian Pattaro, and Iris M. Heid
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: A large-scale GWAS provides insight on diabetes-dependent genetic effects on the glomerular filtration rate, a common metric to monitor kidney health in disease.
Published: 2022
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16. Population-level deficit of homozygosity unveils CPSF3 as an intellectual disability syndrome gene

Author: Gudny A. Arnadottir, Asmundur Oddsson, Brynjar O. Jensson, Svanborg Gisladottir, Mariella T. Simon, Asgeir O. Arnthorsson, Hildigunnur Katrinardottir, Run Fridriksdottir, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Rebekah Barrick, Jona Saemundsdottir, Louise le Roux, Gudjon R. Oskarsson, Jurate Asmundsson, Thora Steffensen, Kjartan R. Gudmundsson, Petur Ludvigsson, Jon J. Jonsson, Gisli Masson, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Hilma Holm, Jon G. Jonasson, Olafur Th. Magnusson, Olafur Thorarensen, Jose Abdenur, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hans T. Bjornsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Patrick Sulem, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: While the consequences of homozygous loss of function variants have been studied, the effect of missense variants is less understood. Here, the authors identify pathogenic genotypes through an observed deficit of homozygous carriers of missense variants in a population, elucidating previously unexplained recessive disease and miscarriage.
Published: 2022
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17. The genomics of heart failure: design and rationale of the HERMES consortium

Author: R. Thomas Lumbers, Sonia Shah, Honghuang Lin, Tomasz Czuba, Albert Henry, Daniel I. Swerdlow, Anders Mälarstig, Charlotte Andersson, Niek Verweij, Michael V. Holmes, Johan Ärnlöv, Per Svensson, Harry Hemingway, Neneh Sallah, Peter Almgren, Krishna G. Aragam, Geraldine Asselin, Joshua D. Backman, Mary L. Biggs, Heather L. Bloom, Eric Boersma, Jeffrey Brandimarto, Michael R. Brown, Hans‐Peter Brunner‐La Rocca, David J. Carey, Mark D. Chaffin, Daniel I. Chasman, Olympe Chazara, Xing Chen, Xu Chen, Jonathan H. Chung, William Chutkow, John G.F. Cleland, James P. Cook, Simon deDenus, Abbas Dehghan, Graciela E. Delgado, Spiros Denaxas, Alexander S. Doney, Marcus Dörr, Samuel C. Dudley, Gunnar Engström, Tõnu Esko, Ghazaleh Fatemifar, Stephan B. Felix, Chris Finan, Ian Ford, Francoise Fougerousse, René Fouodjio, Mohsen Ghanbari, Sahar Ghasemi, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Franco Giulianini, John S. Gottdiener, Stefan Gross, Daníel F. Guðbjartsson, Hongsheng Gui, Rebecca Gutmann, Christopher M. Haggerty, Pim van derHarst, Åsa K. Hedman, Anna Helgadottir, Hans Hillege, Craig L. Hyde, Jaison Jacob, J. Wouter Jukema, Frederick Kamanu, Isabella Kardys, Maryam Kavousi, Kay‐Tee Khaw, Marcus E. Kleber, Lars Køber, Andrea Koekemoer, Bill Kraus, Karoline Kuchenbaecker, Claudia Langenberg, Lars Lind, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Barry London, Luca A. Lotta, Ruth C. Lovering, Jian'an Luan, Patrik Magnusson, Anubha Mahajan, Douglas Mann, Kenneth B. Margulies, Nicholas A. Marston, Winfried März, John J.V. McMurray, Olle Melander, Giorgio Melloni, Ify R. Mordi, Michael P. Morley, Andrew D. Morris, Andrew P. Morris, Alanna C. Morrison, Michael W. Nagle, Christopher P. Nelson, Christopher Newton‐Cheh, Alexander Niessner, Teemu Niiranen, Christoph Nowak, Michelle L. O'Donoghue, Anjali T. Owens, Colin N.A. Palmer, Guillaume Paré, Markus Perola, Louis‐Philippe Lemieux Perreault, Eliana Portilla‐Fernandez, Bruce M. Psaty, Kenneth M. Rice, Paul M. Ridker, Simon P.R. Romaine, Carolina Roselli, Jerome I. Rotter, Christian T. Ruff, Marc S. Sabatine, Perttu Salo, Veikko Salomaa, Jessica vanSetten, Alaa A. Shalaby, Diane T. Smelser, Nicholas L. Smith, Kari Stefansson, Steen Stender, David J. Stott, Garðar Sveinbjörnsson, Mari‐Liis Tammesoo, Jean‐Claude Tardif, Kent D. Taylor, Maris Teder‐Laving, Alexander Teumer, Guðmundur Thorgeirsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Christian Torp‐Pedersen, Stella Trompet, Danny Tuckwell, Benoit Tyl, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Felix Vaura, Abirami Veluchamy, Peter M. Visscher, Uwe Völker, Adriaan A. Voors, Xiaosong Wang, Nicholas J. Wareham, Peter E. Weeke, Raul Weiss, Harvey D. White, Kerri L. Wiggins, Heming Xing, Jian Yang, Yifan Yang, Laura M. Yerges‐Armstrong, Bing Yu, Faiez Zannad, Faye Zhao, Regeneron Genetics Center, Jemma B. Wilk, Hilma Holm, Naveed Sattar, Steven A. Lubitz, David E. Lanfear, Svati Shah, Michael E. Dunn, Quinn S. Wells, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Aroon D. Hingorani, Marie‐Pierre Dubé, Nilesh J. Samani, Chim C. Lang, Thomas P. Cappola, Patrick T. Ellinor, Ramachandran S. Vasan, and J. Gustav Smith
Subjects: Heart failure, Cardiomyopathy, Genetics, Biomarkers, Association studies, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Abstract Aims The HERMES (HEart failure Molecular Epidemiology for Therapeutic targetS) consortium aims to identify the genomic and molecular basis of heart failure. Methods and results The consortium currently includes 51 studies from 11 countries, including 68 157 heart failure cases and 949 888 controls, with data on heart failure events and prognosis. All studies collected biological samples and performed genome‐wide genotyping of common genetic variants. The enrolment of subjects into participating studies ranged from 1948 to the present day, and the median follow‐up following heart failure diagnosis ranged from 2 to 116 months. Forty‐nine of 51 individual studies enrolled participants of both sexes; in these studies, participants with heart failure were predominantly male (34–90%). The mean age at diagnosis or ascertainment across all studies ranged from 54 to 84 years. Based on the aggregate sample, we estimated 80% power to genetic variant associations with risk of heart failure with an odds ratio of ≥1.10 for common variants (allele frequency ≥ 0.05) and ≥1.20 for low‐frequency variants (allele frequency 0.01–0.05) at P
Published: 2021
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18. A genome-wide meta-analysis uncovers six sequence variants conferring risk of vertigo

Author: Astros Th. Skuladottir, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Muhammad Sulaman Nawaz, Hannes Petersen, Solvi Rognvaldsson, Kristjan Helgi Swerford Moore, Pall I. Olafsson, Sigurður H. Magnusson, Anna Bjornsdottir, Olafur A. Sveinsson, Gudrun R. Sigurdardottir, Saedis Saevarsdottir, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Lilja Stefansdottir, Bjarni Gunnarsson, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Kirk U. Knowlton, David A. Jones, Lincoln D. Nadauld, Annette M. Hartmann, Dan Rujescu, Michael Strupp, G. Bragi Walters, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Hilma Holm, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Patrick Sulem, Hreinn Stefansson, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Astros Skuladottir et al. conducted a genome-wide association study on 48,072 vertigo cases and 894,541 controls from four populations with European ancestries. They identified six common variants associated with vertigo, thereby providing further insight into the etiology of vestibular disorders.
Published: 2021
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19. Genetic variants associated with platelet count are predictive of human disease and physiological markers

Author: Evgenia Mikaelsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Lilja Stefansdottir, Gisli Halldorsson, Jon K. Sigurdsson, Sigrun H. Lund, Vinicius Tragante, Pall Melsted, Solvi Rognvaldsson, Kristjan Norland, Anna Helgadottir, Magnus K. Magnusson, Gunnar B. Ragnarsson, Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson, Sigrun Reykdal, Brynjar Vidarsson, Ingibjorg J. Gudmundsdottir, Isleifur Olafsson, Pall T. Onundarson, Olof Sigurdardottir, Emil L. Sigurdsson, Gerdur Grondal, Arni J. Geirsson, Gudmundur Geirsson, Julius Gudmundsson, Hilma Holm, Saedis Saevarsdottir, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn Rafnar, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Evgenia Mikaelsdottir et al. report a study of variants associated with platelet count among European individuals where they identify 577 associations. They also report a genetic overlap between platelet count and human diseases, including myeloproliferative neoplasms, rheumatoid arthritis, and hypertension, as well as a genetic overlap between platelet count and various physiological markers.
Published: 2021
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20. Publisher Correction: Deficit of homozygosity among 1.52 million individuals and genetic causes of recessive lethality

Author: Asmundur Oddsson, Patrick Sulem, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Gudny A. Arnadottir, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Bjarni A. Atlason, Gudjon R. Oskarsson, Hannes Helgason, Henriette Svarre Nielsen, David Westergaard, Juha M. Karjalainen, Hildigunnur Katrinardottir, Run Fridriksdottir, Brynjar O. Jensson, Vinicius Tragante, Egil Ferkingstad, Hakon Jonsson, Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson, Doruk Beyter, Kristjan H. S. Moore, Helga B. Thordardottir, Snaedis Kristmundsdottir, Olafur A. Stefansson, Solbritt Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Ida Elken Sonderby, Maria Didriksen, Pernilla Stridh, Jan Haavik, Laufey Tryggvadottir, Oleksandr Frei, G. Bragi Walters, Ingrid Kockum, Henrik Hjalgrim, Thorunn A. Olafsdottir, Geir Selbaek, Mette Nyegaard, Christian Erikstrup, Thorsten Brodersen, Saedis Saevarsdottir, Tomas Olsson, Kaspar Rene Nielsen, Asgeir Haraldsson, Mie Topholm Bruun, Thomas Folkmann Hansen, DBDS Genomic Consortium, Thora Steingrimsdottir, Rikke Louise Jacobsen, Rolv T. Lie, Srdjan Djurovic, Lars Alfredsson, Aitzkoa Lopez de Lapuente Portilla, Soren Brunak, Pall Melsted, Bjarni V. Halldorsson, Jona Saemundsdottir, Olafur Th. Magnusson, Leonid Padyukov, Karina Banasik, Thorunn Rafnar, Johan Askling, Lars Klareskog, Ole Birger Pedersen, Gisli Masson, Alexandra Havdahl, Bjorn Nilsson, Ole A. Andreassen, Mark Daly, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Hreinn Stefansson, Hilma Holm, Agnar Helgason, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson, and Daniel F. Gudbjartsson
Subjects: Science
Published: 2023
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21. Predicting the probability of death using proteomics

Author: Thjodbjorg Eiriksdottir, Steinthor Ardal, Benedikt A. Jonsson, Sigrun H. Lund, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Kristjan Norland, Egil Ferkingstad, Hreinn Stefansson, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Hilma Holm, Thorunn Rafnar, Jona Saemundsdottir, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Patrick Sulem, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson, and Magnus O. Ulfarsson
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Eiriksdottir et al. use a temporal proteomic dataset from over 22,000 Icelandic individuals to identify predictors and predict all-cause mortality. Their findings suggest that the plasma proteome may be of value in general health screening for risk of death.
Published: 2021
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22. Molecular benchmarks of a SARS-CoV-2 epidemic

Author: Hakon Jonsson, Olafur T. Magnusson, Pall Melsted, Jonas Berglund, Arna B. Agustsdottir, Berglind Eiríksdottir, Run Fridriksdottir, Elisabet Eir Garðarsdottir, Gudmundur Georgsson, Olafia S. Gretarsdottir, Kjartan R. Guðmundsson, Thora Rosa Gunnarsdottir, Hannes Eggertsson, Arnaldur Gylfason, Hilma Holm, Brynjar O. Jensson, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Frosti Jonsson, Kamilla S. Josefsdottir, Marianna Thordardottir, Karl G. Kristinsson, Þórður Kristjánsson, Droplaug N. Magnusdottir, Louise le Roux, Jona Saemundsdottir, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Gudrun Sigmundsdottir, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Solvi Rognvaldsson, Ogmundur Eiriksson, Magnus Karl Magnusson, Kristin Eva Sveinsdottir, Maney Sveinsdottir, Emil Aron Thorarensen, Bjarni Thorbjornsson, Arthur Löve, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Patrick Sulem, Gisli Masson, Alma Moller, Thorolfur Gudnason, Mar Kristjansson, Agnar Helgason, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: The concentration of SARS-CoV-2 changes during an individual’s infection, and mutations accumulate as viruses are transmitted between people. Here, the authors use data from Iceland to demonstrate how this information can be exploited at the population-level to determine the phase of the epidemic.
Published: 2021
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23. The genetic architecture of age-related hearing impairment revealed by genome-wide association analysis

Author: Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Hilma Holm, Stefania Benonisdottir, Thorhildur Olafsdottir, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Hannes P. Eggertsson, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Kristjan E. Hjorleifsson, Pall Melsted, Arnaldur Gylfason, Gudny A. Arnadottir, Asmundur Oddsson, Brynjar O. Jensson, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Thorhildur Juliusdottir, Lilja Stefansdottir, Vinicius Tragante, Bjarni V. Halldorsson, Hannes Petersen, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Patrick Sulem, Ingibjorg Hinriksdottir, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Erna Ivarsdottir et al. report a genome-wide association meta-analysis for age-related hearing loss in the Icelandic and UK populations. They identify 21 novel variants, 13 of which are rare, and reveal a genetic correlation between age-related hearing loss and tinnitus.
Published: 2021
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24. A genome-wide meta-analysis yields 46 new loci associating with biomarkers of iron homeostasis

Author: Steven Bell, Andreas S. Rigas, Magnus K. Magnusson, Egil Ferkingstad, Elias Allara, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Anna Ramond, Erik Sørensen, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Dirk S. Paul, Kristoffer S. Burgdorf, Hannes P. Eggertsson, Joanna M. M. Howson, Lise W. Thørner, Snaedis Kristmundsdottir, William J. Astle, Christian Erikstrup, Jon K. Sigurdsson, Dragana Vuckovic, Khoa M. Dinh, Vinicius Tragante, Praveen Surendran, Ole B. Pedersen, Brynjar Vidarsson, Tao Jiang, Helene M. Paarup, Pall T. Onundarson, Parsa Akbari, Kaspar R. Nielsen, Sigrun H. Lund, Kristinn Juliusson, Magnus I. Magnusson, Michael L. Frigge, Asmundur Oddsson, Isleifur Olafsson, Stephen Kaptoge, Henrik Hjalgrim, Gudmundur Runarsson, Angela M. Wood, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Thomas F. Hansen, Olof Sigurdardottir, Hreinn Stefansson, David Rye, DBDS Genomic Consortium, James E. Peters, David Westergaard, Hilma Holm, Nicole Soranzo, Karina Banasik, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Willem H. Ouwehand, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, David J. Roberts, Patrick Sulem, Adam S. Butterworth, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, John Danesh, Søren Brunak, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Henrik Ullum, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Bell et al. report 46 new loci associated with biomarkers of iron homeostasis, including ferritin levels, iron binding capacity, and iron saturation, in the Icelandic, Danish and UK populations. The associated loci point to new iron-regulating proteins and important genetic differences between men and women.
Published: 2021
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25. MEPE loss-of-function variant associates with decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk

Author: Ida Surakka, Lars G. Fritsche, Wei Zhou, Joshua Backman, Jack A. Kosmicki, Haocheng Lu, Ben Brumpton, Jonas B. Nielsen, Maiken E. Gabrielsen, Anne Heidi Skogholt, Brooke Wolford, Sarah E. Graham, Y. Eugene Chen, Seunggeun Lee, Hyun Min Kang, Arnulf Langhammer, Siri Forsmo, Bjørn O. Åsvold, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Hilma Holm, Daniel Gudbjartsson, Kari Stefansson, Aris Baras, Regeneron Genetics Center, Goncalo R. Abecasis, Kristian Hveem, and Cristen J. Willer
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with fracture risk and many genetic loci with small effect sizes have been discovered by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here, the authors discover a large-effect rare loss-of-function genetic variant for BMD in the MEPE gene in the Norwegian HUNT study which replicates in the UK Biobank.
Published: 2020
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26. Multi-ancestry GWAS of the electrocardiographic PR interval identifies 202 loci underlying cardiac conduction

Author: Ioanna Ntalla, Lu-Chen Weng, James H. Cartwright, Amelia Weber Hall, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Nathan R. Tucker, Seung Hoan Choi, Mark D. Chaffin, Carolina Roselli, Michael R. Barnes, Borbala Mifsud, Helen R. Warren, Caroline Hayward, Jonathan Marten, James J. Cranley, Maria Pina Concas, Paolo Gasparini, Thibaud Boutin, Ivana Kolcic, Ozren Polasek, Igor Rudan, Nathalia M. Araujo, Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa, Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro, Renan P. Souza, Eduardo Tarazona-Santos, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Erik Ingelsson, Anubha Mahajan, Andrew P. Morris, Fabiola Del Greco M, Luisa Foco, Martin Gögele, Andrew A. Hicks, James P. Cook, Lars Lind, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Johan Sundström, Christopher P. Nelson, Muhammad B. Riaz, Nilesh J. Samani, Gianfranco Sinagra, Sheila Ulivi, Mika Kähönen, Pashupati P. Mishra, Nina Mononen, Kjell Nikus, Mark J. Caulfield, Anna Dominiczak, Sandosh Padmanabhan, May E. Montasser, Jeff R. O’Connell, Kathleen Ryan, Alan R. Shuldiner, Stefanie Aeschbacher, David Conen, Lorenz Risch, Sébastien Thériault, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Terho Lehtimäki, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Olli T. Raitakari, Catriona L. K. Barnes, Harry Campbell, Peter K. Joshi, James F. Wilson, Aaron Isaacs, Jan A. Kors, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Paul L. Huang, Vilmundur Gudnason, Tamara B. Harris, Lenore J. Launer, Albert V. Smith, Erwin P. Bottinger, Ruth J. F. Loos, Girish N. Nadkarni, Michael H. Preuss, Adolfo Correa, Hao Mei, James Wilson, Thomas Meitinger, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Annette Peters, Melanie Waldenberger, Massimo Mangino, Timothy D. Spector, Michiel Rienstra, Yordi J. van de Vegte, Pim van der Harst, Niek Verweij, Stefan Kääb, Katharina Schramm, Moritz F. Sinner, Konstantin Strauch, Michael J. Cutler, Diane Fatkin, Barry London, Morten Olesen, Dan M. Roden, M. Benjamin Shoemaker, J. Gustav Smith, Mary L. Biggs, Joshua C. Bis, Jennifer A. Brody, Bruce M. Psaty, Kenneth Rice, Nona Sotoodehnia, Alessandro De Grandi, Christian Fuchsberger, Cristian Pattaro, Peter P. Pramstaller, Ian Ford, J. Wouter Jukema, Peter W. Macfarlane, Stella Trompet, Marcus Dörr, Stephan B. Felix, Uwe Völker, Stefan Weiss, Aki S. Havulinna, Antti Jula, Katri Sääksjärvi, Veikko Salomaa, Xiuqing Guo, Susan R. Heckbert, Henry J. Lin, Jerome I. Rotter, Kent D. Taylor, Jie Yao, Renée de Mutsert, Arie C. Maan, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Raymond Noordam, Francesco Cucca, Jun Ding, Edward G. Lakatta, Yong Qian, Kirill V. Tarasov, Daniel Levy, Honghuang Lin, Christopher H. Newton-Cheh, Kathryn L. Lunetta, Alison D. Murray, David J. Porteous, Blair H. Smith, Bruno H. Stricker, André Uitterlinden, Marten E. van den Berg, Jeffrey Haessler, Rebecca D. Jackson, Charles Kooperberg, Ulrike Peters, Alexander P. Reiner, Eric A. Whitsel, Alvaro Alonso, Dan E. Arking, Eric Boerwinkle, Georg B. Ehret, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Christy L. Avery, Stephanie M. Gogarten, Kathleen F. Kerr, Cathy C. Laurie, Amanda A. Seyerle, Adrienne Stilp, Solmaz Assa, M. Abdullah Said, M. Yldau van der Ende, Pier D. Lambiase, Michele Orini, Julia Ramirez, Stefan Van Duijvenboden, David O. Arnar, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hilma Holm, Patrick Sulem, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Rosa B. Thorolfsdottir, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Emelia J. Benjamin, Andrew Tinker, Kari Stefansson, Patrick T. Ellinor, Yalda Jamshidi, Steven A. Lubitz, and Patricia B. Munroe
Subjects: Science
Abstract: On the electrocardiogram, the PR interval reflects conduction from the atria to ventricles and also serves as risk indicator of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Here, the authors perform genome-wide meta-analyses for PR interval in multiple ancestries and identify 141 previously unreported genetic loci.
Published: 2020
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27. Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure

Author: Sonia Shah, Albert Henry, Carolina Roselli, Honghuang Lin, Garðar Sveinbjörnsson, Ghazaleh Fatemifar, Åsa K. Hedman, Jemma B. Wilk, Michael P. Morley, Mark D. Chaffin, Anna Helgadottir, Niek Verweij, Abbas Dehghan, Peter Almgren, Charlotte Andersson, Krishna G. Aragam, Johan Ärnlöv, Joshua D. Backman, Mary L. Biggs, Heather L. Bloom, Jeffrey Brandimarto, Michael R. Brown, Leonard Buckbinder, David J. Carey, Daniel I. Chasman, Xing Chen, Xu Chen, Jonathan Chung, William Chutkow, James P. Cook, Graciela E. Delgado, Spiros Denaxas, Alexander S. Doney, Marcus Dörr, Samuel C. Dudley, Michael E. Dunn, Gunnar Engström, Tõnu Esko, Stephan B. Felix, Chris Finan, Ian Ford, Mohsen Ghanbari, Sahar Ghasemi, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Franco Giulianini, John S. Gottdiener, Stefan Gross, Daníel F. Guðbjartsson, Rebecca Gutmann, Christopher M. Haggerty, Pim van der Harst, Craig L. Hyde, Erik Ingelsson, J. Wouter Jukema, Maryam Kavousi, Kay-Tee Khaw, Marcus E. Kleber, Lars Køber, Andrea Koekemoer, Claudia Langenberg, Lars Lind, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Barry London, Luca A. Lotta, Ruth C. Lovering, Jian’an Luan, Patrik Magnusson, Anubha Mahajan, Kenneth B. Margulies, Winfried März, Olle Melander, Ify R. Mordi, Thomas Morgan, Andrew D. Morris, Andrew P. Morris, Alanna C. Morrison, Michael W. Nagle, Christopher P. Nelson, Alexander Niessner, Teemu Niiranen, Michelle L. O’Donoghue, Anjali T. Owens, Colin N. A. Palmer, Helen M. Parry, Markus Perola, Eliana Portilla-Fernandez, Bruce M. Psaty, Regeneron Genetics Center, Kenneth M. Rice, Paul M. Ridker, Simon P. R. Romaine, Jerome I. Rotter, Perttu Salo, Veikko Salomaa, Jessica van Setten, Alaa A. Shalaby, Diane T. Smelser, Nicholas L. Smith, Steen Stender, David J. Stott, Per Svensson, Mari-Liis Tammesoo, Kent D. Taylor, Maris Teder-Laving, Alexander Teumer, Guðmundur Thorgeirsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Stella Trompet, Benoit Tyl, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Abirami Veluchamy, Uwe Völker, Adriaan A. Voors, Xiaosong Wang, Nicholas J. Wareham, Dawn Waterworth, Peter E. Weeke, Raul Weiss, Kerri L. Wiggins, Heming Xing, Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong, Bing Yu, Faiez Zannad, Jing Hua Zhao, Harry Hemingway, Nilesh J. Samani, John J. V. McMurray, Jian Yang, Peter M. Visscher, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Anders Malarstig, Hilma Holm, Steven A. Lubitz, Naveed Sattar, Michael V. Holmes, Thomas P. Cappola, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Aroon D. Hingorani, Karoline Kuchenbaecker, Patrick T. Ellinor, Chim C. Lang, Kari Stefansson, J. Gustav Smith, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Daniel I. Swerdlow, and R. Thomas Lumbers
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Heart failure is a complex syndrome that is associated with many different underlying risk factors. Here, to increase power, the authors jointly analyse cases of heart failure of different aetiologies in a genome-wide association study and identify 11 loci of which ten had not been previously reported.
Published: 2020
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28. Sequence variants with large effects on cardiac electrophysiology and disease

Author: Kristjan Norland, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Rosa B. Thorolfsdottir, Olafur B. Davidsson, Vinicius Tragante, Sridharan Rajamani, Anna Helgadottir, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Jessica van Setten, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Jon Th. Sverrisson, Sigurdur S. Stephensen, Gylfi Oskarsson, Emil L. Sigurdsson, Karl Andersen, Ragnar Danielsen, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, David O. Arnar, Patrick Sulem, Hilma Holm, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Aberrant morphology of the QRS complex in an electrocardiogram can be associated with cardiac morbidity and mortality. Here, the authors perform genome-wide association studies for ten measures of the QRS complex in 81,192 individuals and find 86 previously unreported loci that associate with at least one parameter.
Published: 2019
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29. Genome-wide association meta-analyses and fine-mapping elucidate pathways influencing albuminuria

Author: Alexander Teumer, Yong Li, Sahar Ghasemi, Bram P. Prins, Matthias Wuttke, Tobias Hermle, Ayush Giri, Karsten B. Sieber, Chengxiang Qiu, Holger Kirsten, Adrienne Tin, Audrey Y. Chu, Nisha Bansal, Mary F. Feitosa, Lihua Wang, Jin-Fang Chai, Massimiliano Cocca, Christian Fuchsberger, Mathias Gorski, Anselm Hoppmann, Katrin Horn, Man Li, Jonathan Marten, Damia Noce, Teresa Nutile, Sanaz Sedaghat, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Bamidele O. Tayo, Peter J. van der Most, Yizhe Xu, Zhi Yu, Lea Gerstner, Johan Ärnlöv, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Daniela Baptista, Mary L. Biggs, Eric Boerwinkle, Hermann Brenner, Ralph Burkhardt, Robert J. Carroll, Miao-Li Chee, Miao-Ling Chee, Mengmeng Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, James P. Cook, Josef Coresh, Tanguy Corre, John Danesh, Martin H. de Borst, Alessandro De Grandi, Renée de Mutsert, Aiko P. J. de Vries, Frauke Degenhardt, Katalin Dittrich, Jasmin Divers, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Georg Ehret, Karlhans Endlich, Janine F. Felix, Oscar H. Franco, Andre Franke, Barry I. Freedman, Sandra Freitag-Wolf, Ron T. Gansevoort, Vilmantas Giedraitis, Martin Gögele, Franziska Grundner-Culemann, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Vilmundur Gudnason, Pavel Hamet, Tamara B. Harris, Andrew A. Hicks, Hilma Holm, Valencia Hui Xian Foo, Shih-Jen Hwang, M. Arfan Ikram, Erik Ingelsson, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Johanna Jakobsdottir, Navya Shilpa Josyula, Bettina Jung, Mika Kähönen, Chiea-Chuen Khor, Wieland Kiess, Wolfgang Koenig, Antje Körner, Peter Kovacs, Holly Kramer, Bernhard K. Krämer, Florian Kronenberg, Leslie A. Lange, Carl D. Langefeld, Jeannette Jen-Mai Lee, Terho Lehtimäki, Wolfgang Lieb, Su-Chi Lim, Lars Lind, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Jianjun Liu, Markus Loeffler, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Anubha Mahajan, Joseph C. Maranville, Deborah Mascalzoni, Barbara McMullen, Christa Meisinger, Thomas Meitinger, Kozeta Miliku, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Josyf C. Mychaleckyj, Matthias Nauck, Kjell Nikus, Boting Ning, Raymond Noordam, Jeffrey O’ Connell, Isleifur Olafsson, Nicholette D. Palmer, Annette Peters, Anna I. Podgornaia, Belen Ponte, Tanja Poulain, Peter P. Pramstaller, Ton J. Rabelink, Laura M. Raffield, Dermot F. Reilly, Rainer Rettig, Myriam Rheinberger, Kenneth M. Rice, Fernando Rivadeneira, Heiko Runz, Kathleen A. Ryan, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Kai-Uwe Saum, Ben Schöttker, Christian M. Shaffer, Yuan Shi, Albert V. Smith, Konstantin Strauch, Michael Stumvoll, Benjamin B. Sun, Silke Szymczak, E-Shyong Tai, Nicholas Y. Q. Tan, Kent D. Taylor, Andrej Teren, Yih-Chung Tham, Joachim Thiery, Chris H. L. Thio, Hauke Thomsen, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Anke Tönjes, Johanne Tremblay, André G. Uitterlinden, Pim van der Harst, Niek Verweij, Suzanne Vogelezang, Uwe Völker, Melanie Waldenberger, Chaolong Wang, Otis D. Wilson, Charlene Wong, Tien-Yin Wong, Qiong Yang, Masayuki Yasuda, Shreeram Akilesh, Murielle Bochud, Carsten A. Böger, Olivier Devuyst, Todd L. Edwards, Kevin Ho, Andrew P. Morris, Afshin Parsa, Sarah A. Pendergrass, Bruce M. Psaty, Jerome I. Rotter, Kari Stefansson, James G. Wilson, Katalin Susztak, Harold Snieder, Iris M. Heid, Markus Scholz, Adam S. Butterworth, Adriana M. Hung, Cristian Pattaro, and Anna Köttgen
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UCAR) is associated with various clinical outcomes such as kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Here, the authors report genome-wide meta-analysis in over 500,000 individuals and find 68 UACR loci, followed by statistical fine-mapping, gene prioritization and experimental validation in flies.
Published: 2019
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30. GWAS of bone size yields twelve loci that also affect height, BMD, osteoarthritis or fractures

Author: Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Olafur A. Stefansson, Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Sigrun H. Lund, Lilja Stefansdottir, Kristinn Juliusson, Arna B. Agustsdottir, Florian Zink, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Stefania Benonisdottir, Hakon Jonsson, Arnaldur Gylfason, Kristjan Norland, Katerina Trajanoska, Cindy G. Boer, Lorraine Southam, Jason C. S. Leung, Nelson L. S. Tang, Timothy C. Y. Kwok, Jenny S. W. Lee, Suzanne C. Ho, Inger Byrjalsen, Jacqueline R. Center, Seung Hun Lee, Jung-Min Koh, L. Stefan Lohmander, Lan T. Ho-Pham, Tuan V. Nguyen, John A. Eisman, Jean Woo, Ping-C. Leung, John Loughlin, Eleftheria Zeggini, Claus Christiansen, Fernando Rivadeneira, Joyce van Meurs, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Brynjolfur Mogensen, Helgi Jonsson, Thorvaldur Ingvarsson, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Rafn Benediktsson, Patrick Sulem, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Gisli Masson, Hilma Holm, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Size and shape of bones are important for height and body shape. Here, Styrkarsdottir et al identify 12 loci in a GWAS for bone area derived from DXA scans and show that these loci associate with other bone-related phenotypes including osteoarthritis, height, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture.
Published: 2019
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31. A PRPH splice-donor variant associates with reduced sural nerve amplitude and risk of peripheral neuropathy

Author: Gyda Bjornsdottir, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Kristbjorg Bjarnadottir, Stefania Benonisdottir, Sandra Sif Gylfadottir, Gudny A. Arnadottir, Rafn Benediktsson, Gisli Hreinn Halldorsson, Anna Helgadottir, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Anna Margret Kristinsdottir, Olafur Th. Magnusson, Gisli Masson, Pall Melsted, Thorunn Rafnar, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Astros Skuladottir, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Arnor Vikingsson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hilma Holm, Hreinn Stefansson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Patrick Sulem, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Diagnosis and classification of peripheral neuropathy (PN) is facilitated by nerve conduction (NC) studies. Here, Bjornsdottir et al. find a low-frequency PRPH splice-donor variant that associates with NC amplitude and neurological assessment of recalled PRPH variant carriers reveals increased risk of a mild sensory-negative PN.
Published: 2019
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32. Sequence variation at ANAPC1 accounts for 24% of the variability in corneal endothelial cell density

Author: Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Stefania Benonisdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Patrick Sulem, Asmundur Oddsson, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Snaedis Kristmundsdottir, Gudny A. Arnadottir, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Gunnar M. Zoega, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Fridbert Jonasson, Hilma Holm, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: The corneal endothelium is crucial for proper vision. Here, Ivarsdottir et al. perform genome-wide association studies for various corneal endothelial cell measurements and find that an intergenic variant near ANAPC1 explains 24% of the variance of endothelial cell density and associates with corneal hysteresis.
Published: 2019
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33. Genetic Risk of Coronary Artery Disease, Features of Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Plaque Burden

Author: Morten Krogh Christiansen, Louise Nissen, Simon Winther, Peter Loof Møller, Lars Frost, Jane Kirk Johansen, Henrik Kjærulf Jensen, Daníel Guðbjartsson, Hilma Holm, Kári Stefánsson, Hans Erik Bøtker, Morten Bøttcher, and Mette Nyegaard
Subjects: atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, coronary computed tomography angiography, plaque, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on risk variants from genome‐wide association studies predict coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. However, it is unknown whether the PRS is associated with specific CAD characteristics. Methods and Results We consecutively included 1645 patients with suspected stable CAD undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography. A multilocus PRS was calculated as the weighted sum of CAD risk variants. Plaques were evaluated using an 18‐segment model and characterized by stenosis severity and composition (soft [0%‐19% calcified], mixed‐soft [20%‐49% calcified], mixed‐calcified [50%‐79% calcified], or calcified [≥80% calcified]). Coronary artery calcium score and segment stenosis score were used to characterize plaque burden. For each standard deviation increase in the PRS, coronary artery calcium score increased by 78% (P=4.1e‐26) and segment stenosis score increased by 16% (P=2.4e‐29) in the fully adjusted model. The PRS was associated with a higher prevalence of obstructive plaques (odds ratio [OR]: 1.78, P=5.6e‐16), calcified (OR: 1.69, P=6.5e‐17), mixed‐calcified (OR: 1.67, P=7.3e‐9), mixed‐soft (OR: 1.45, P=1.6e‐6), and soft plaques (OR: 1.49, P=2.5e‐6), and a higher prevalence of plaque in each coronary vessel (all P0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that polygenic risk based on large genome‐wide association studies increases CAD risk through an increased burden of coronary atherosclerosis rather than promoting specific plaque features. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02264717.
Published: 2020
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34. Genome-wide association meta-analysis yields 20 loci associated with gallstone disease

Author: Egil Ferkingstad, Asmundur Oddsson, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Stefania Benonisdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Aimee M. Deaton, Stefan Jonsson, Olafur A. Stefansson, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Florian Zink, Gudny A. Arnadottir, Bjarni Gunnarsson, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Anna Helgadottir, Brynjar O. Jensson, Ragnar P. Kristjansson, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, David A. Sverrisson, Gisli Masson, Isleifur Olafsson, Gudmundur I. Eyjolfsson, Olof Sigurdardottir, Hilma Holm, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Sigurdur Olafsson, Thora Steingrimsdottir, Thorunn Rafnar, Einar S. Bjornsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Patrick Sulem, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies have so far identified eight risk loci for gallstone disease. Here, the authors perform meta-analysis in cohorts from Iceland and the UK which reveals further 21 common and low-frequency risk variants that highlight the role of bile acid homeostasis in gallstone disease.
Published: 2018
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35. Genome-wide associations for benign prostatic hyperplasia reveal a genetic correlation with serum levels of PSA

Author: Julius Gudmundsson, Jon K. Sigurdsson, Lilja Stefansdottir, Bjarni A. Agnarsson, Helgi J. Isaksson, Olafur A. Stefansson, Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Gisli Masson, Michael L. Frigge, Simon N. Stacey, Patrick Sulem, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Vinicius Tragante, Hilma Holm, Gudmundur I. Eyjolfsson, Olof Sigurdardottir, Isleifur Olafsson, Thorvaldur Jonsson, Eirikur Jonsson, Rosa B. Barkardottir, Rafn Hilmarsson, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Gudmundur Geirsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Thorunn Rafnar, Gudmar Thorleifsson, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Elderly males are often affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia and associated lower urinary tract symptoms (BPH/LUTS), but their link to prostate cancer risk is not well defined. Here, a genome-wide association study of BPH/LUTS patients from Iceland and the UK found 23 significant variants at 14 loci, and 15 of these variants associate with prostate specific antigen, which is linked to prostate cancer risk.
Published: 2018
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36. A homozygous loss-of-function mutation leading to CYBC1 deficiency causes chronic granulomatous disease

Author: Gudny A. Arnadottir, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Steinunn Gudmundsdottir, Arna B. Agustsdottir, Snaevar Sigurdsson, Brynjar O. Jensson, Kristbjorg Bjarnadottir, Fannar Theodors, Stefania Benonisdottir, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Asmundur Oddsson, Ragnar P. Kristjansson, Gerald Sulem, Kristjan F. Alexandersson, Thorhildur Juliusdottir, Kjartan R. Gudmundsson, Jona Saemundsdottir, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Paolo Manzanillo, Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson, Gudmundur A. Thorisson, Olafur Th. Magnusson, Gisli Masson, Kjartan B. Orvar, Hilma Holm, Sigurdur Bjornsson, Reynir Arngrimsson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Asgeir Haraldsson, Patrick Sulem, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Mutations in genes encoding NAPDH oxidase subunits are known to be causative for the primary immunodeficiency chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Here, the authors identify CYBC1 mutations in patients with CGD and show that CYBC1 is important for formation of the NADPH complex and respiratory burst.
Published: 2018
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37. PR interval genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 50 loci associated with atrial and atrioventricular electrical activity

Author: Jessica van Setten, Jennifer A. Brody, Yalda Jamshidi, Brenton R. Swenson, Anne M. Butler, Harry Campbell, Fabiola M. Del Greco, Daniel S. Evans, Quince Gibson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Kathleen F. Kerr, Bouwe P. Krijthe, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Christian Müller, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Ilja M. Nolte, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Antonietta Robino, Albert V. Smith, Maristella Steri, Toshiko Tanaka, Alexander Teumer, Stella Trompet, Sheila Ulivi, Niek Verweij, Xiaoyan Yin, David O. Arnar, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Joel S. Bader, John Barnard, Josh Bis, Stefan Blankenberg, Eric Boerwinkle, Yuki Bradford, Brendan M. Buckley, Mina K. Chung, Dana Crawford, Marcel den Hoed, Josh C. Denny, Anna F. Dominiczak, Georg B. Ehret, Mark Eijgelsheim, Patrick T. Ellinor, Stephan B. Felix, Oscar H. Franco, Lude Franke, Tamara B. Harris, Hilma Holm, Gandin Ilaria, Annamaria Iorio, Mika Kähönen, Ivana Kolcic, Jan A. Kors, Edward G. Lakatta, Lenore J. Launer, Honghuang Lin, Henry J. Lin, Ruth J. F. Loos, Steven A. Lubitz, Peter W. Macfarlane, Jared W. Magnani, Irene Mateo Leach, Thomas Meitinger, Braxton D. Mitchell, Thomas Munzel, George J. Papanicolaou, Annette Peters, Arne Pfeufer, Peter P. Pramstaller, Olli T. Raitakari, Jerome I. Rotter, Igor Rudan, Nilesh J. Samani, David Schlessinger, Claudia T. Silva Aldana, Moritz F. Sinner, Jonathan D. Smith, Harold Snieder, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Timothy D. Spector, David J. Stott, Konstantin Strauch, Kirill V. Tarasov, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Andre G. Uitterlinden, David R. Van Wagoner, Uwe Völker, Henry Völzke, Melanie Waldenberger, Harm Jan Westra, Philipp S. Wild, Tanja Zeller, Alvaro Alonso, Christy L. Avery, Stefania Bandinelli, Emelia J. Benjamin, Francesco Cucca, Marcus Dörr, Luigi Ferrucci, Paolo Gasparini, Vilmundur Gudnason, Caroline Hayward, Susan R. Heckbert, Andrew A. Hicks, J. Wouter Jukema, Stefan Kääb, Terho Lehtimäki, Yongmei Liu, Patricia B. Munroe, Afshin Parsa, Ozren Polasek, Bruce M. Psaty, Dan M. Roden, Renate B. Schnabel, Gianfranco Sinagra, Kari Stefansson, Bruno H. Stricker, Pim van der Harst, Cornelia M. van Duijn, James F. Wilson, Sina A. Gharib, Paul I. W. de Bakker, Aaron Isaacs, Dan E. Arking, and Nona Sotoodehnia
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abnormal PR interval duration is associated with risk for atrial fibrillation and heart block. Here, van Setten et al. identify 44 PR interval loci in a genome-wide association study of over 92,000 individuals and find genetic overlap with QRS duration, heart rate and atrial fibrillation.
Published: 2018
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38. Exome-chip meta-analysis identifies novel loci associated with cardiac conduction, including ADAMTS6

Author: Bram P. Prins, Timothy J. Mead, Jennifer A. Brody, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Ioanna Ntalla, Nathan A. Bihlmeyer, Marten van den Berg, Jette Bork-Jensen, Stefania Cappellani, Stefan Van Duijvenboden, Nikolai T. Klena, George C. Gabriel, Xiaoqin Liu, Cagri Gulec, Niels Grarup, Jeffrey Haessler, Leanne M. Hall, Annamaria Iorio, Aaron Isaacs, Ruifang Li-Gao, Honghuang Lin, Ching-Ti Liu, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Jonathan Marten, Hao Mei, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Michele Orini, Sandosh Padmanabhan, Farid Radmanesh, Julia Ramirez, Antonietta Robino, Molly Schwartz, Jessica van Setten, Albert V. Smith, Niek Verweij, Helen R. Warren, Stefan Weiss, Alvaro Alonso, David O. Arnar, Michiel L. Bots, Rudolf A. de Boer, Anna F. Dominiczak, Mark Eijgelsheim, Patrick T. Ellinor, Xiuqing Guo, Stephan B. Felix, Tamara B. Harris, Caroline Hayward, Susan R. Heckbert, Paul L. Huang, J. W. Jukema, Mika Kähönen, Jan A. Kors, Pier D. Lambiase, Lenore J. Launer, Man Li, Allan Linneberg, Christopher P. Nelson, Oluf Pedersen, Marco Perez, Annette Peters, Ozren Polasek, Bruce M. Psaty, Olli T. Raitakari, Kenneth M. Rice, Jerome I. Rotter, Moritz F. Sinner, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Tim D. Spector, Konstantin Strauch, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Andrew Tinker, Stella Trompet, André Uitterlinden, Ilonca Vaartjes, Peter van der Meer, Uwe Völker, Henry Völzke, Melanie Waldenberger, James G. Wilson, Zhijun Xie, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Marcus Dörr, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Paolo Gasparini, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Vilmundur Gudnason, Torben Hansen, Stefan Kääb, Jørgen K. Kanters, Charles Kooperberg, Terho Lehtimäki, Henry J. Lin, Steven A. Lubitz, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Francesco J. Conti, Christopher H. Newton-Cheh, Jonathan Rosand, Igor Rudan, Nilesh J. Samani, Gianfranco Sinagra, Blair H. Smith, Hilma Holm, Bruno H. Stricker, Sheila Ulivi, Nona Sotoodehnia, Suneel S. Apte, Pim van der Harst, Kari Stefansson, Patricia B. Munroe, Dan E. Arking, Cecilia W. Lo, and Yalda Jamshidi
Subjects: Exome chip, Conduction, ADAMTS6, Meta-analysis, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Abstract Background Genome-wide association studies conducted on QRS duration, an electrocardiographic measurement associated with heart failure and sudden cardiac death, have led to novel biological insights into cardiac function. However, the variants identified fall predominantly in non-coding regions and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Results Here, we identify putative functional coding variation associated with changes in the QRS interval duration by combining Illumina HumanExome BeadChip genotype data from 77,898 participants of European ancestry and 7695 of African descent in our discovery cohort, followed by replication in 111,874 individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank and deCODE cohorts. We identify ten novel loci, seven within coding regions, including ADAMTS6, significantly associated with QRS duration in gene-based analyses. ADAMTS6 encodes a secreted metalloprotease of currently unknown function. In vitro validation analysis shows that the QRS-associated variants lead to impaired ADAMTS6 secretion and loss-of function analysis in mice demonstrates a previously unappreciated role for ADAMTS6 in connexin 43 gap junction expression, which is essential for myocardial conduction. Conclusions Our approach identifies novel coding and non-coding variants underlying ventricular depolarization and provides a possible mechanism for the ADAMTS6-associated conduction changes.
Published: 2018
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39. Genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 improves glucose homeostasis and is associated with reduced risk of diabetes

Author: Viktoria Gusarova, Colm O’Dushlaine, Tanya M. Teslovich, Peter N. Benotti, Tooraj Mirshahi, Omri Gottesman, Cristopher V. Van Hout, Michael F. Murray, Anubha Mahajan, Jonas B. Nielsen, Lars Fritsche, Anders Berg Wulff, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Marketa Sjögren, Connor A. Emdin, Robert A. Scott, Wen-Jane Lee, Aeron Small, Lydia C. Kwee, Om Prakash Dwivedi, Rashmi B. Prasad, Shannon Bruse, Alexander E. Lopez, John Penn, Anthony Marcketta, Joseph B. Leader, Christopher D. Still, H. Lester Kirchner, Uyenlinh L. Mirshahi, Amr H. Wardeh, Cassandra M. Hartle, Lukas Habegger, Samantha N. Fetterolf, Teresa Tusie-Luna, Andrew P. Morris, Hilma Holm, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Patrick Sulem, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Jerome I. Rotter, Lee-Ming Chuang, Scott Damrauer, David Birtwell, Chad M. Brummett, Amit V. Khera, Pradeep Natarajan, Marju Orho-Melander, Jason Flannick, Luca A. Lotta, Cristen J. Willer, Oddgeir L. Holmen, Marylyn D. Ritchie, David H. Ledbetter, Andrew J. Murphy, Ingrid B. Borecki, Jeffrey G. Reid, John D. Overton, Ola Hansson, Leif Groop, Svati H. Shah, William E. Kraus, Daniel J. Rader, Yii-Der I. Chen, Kristian Hveem, Nicholas J. Wareham, Sekar Kathiresan, Olle Melander, Kari Stefansson, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Goncalo R. Abecasis, David Altshuler, Jose C. Florez, Michael Boehnke, Mark I. McCarthy, George D. Yancopoulos, David J. Carey, Alan R. Shuldiner, Aris Baras, Frederick E. Dewey, and Jesper Gromada
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Genetic variation in ANGPTL4 is associated with lipid traits. Here, the authors find that predicted loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL4 are associated with glucose homeostasis and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and that Angptl4 −/− mice on a high-fat diet show improved insulin sensitivity.
Published: 2018
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40. Genome-wide analysis yields new loci associating with aortic valve stenosis

Author: Anna Helgadottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Olafur A. Stefansson, Vinicius Tragante, Rosa B. Thorolfsdottir, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Thorsteinn Bjornsson, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Niek Verweij, Jonas B. Nielsen, Wei Zhou, Lasse Folkersen, Andreas Martinsson, Mahyar Heydarpour, Siddharth Prakash, Gylfi Oskarsson, Tomas Gudbjartsson, Arnar Geirsson, Isleifur Olafsson, Emil L. Sigurdsson, Peter Almgren, Olle Melander, Anders Franco-Cereceda, Anders Hamsten, Lars Fritsche, Maoxuan Lin, Bo Yang, Whitney Hornsby, Dongchuan Guo, Chad M. Brummett, Gonçalo Abecasis, Michael Mathis, Dianna Milewicz, Simon C. Body, Per Eriksson, Cristen J. Willer, Kristian Hveem, Christopher Newton-Cheh, J. Gustav Smith, Ragnar Danielsen, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hilma Holm, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease. Here the authors identify two new AS loci that also associate with bicuspid aortic valve, aortic root diameter and/or coronary artery disease implicating both developmental abnormalities and atherosclerosis-like processes in AS.
Published: 2018
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41. Sequence variant at 4q25 near PITX2 associates with appendicitis

Author: Ragnar P. Kristjansson, Stefania Benonisdottir, Asmundur Oddsson, Tessel E. Galesloot, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Katja K. Aben, Olafur B. Davidsson, Stefan Jonsson, Gudny A. Arnadottir, Brynjar O. Jensson, G. Bragi Walters, Jon K. Sigurdsson, Snaevar Sigurdsson, Hilma Holm, David O. Arnar, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Kristin Alexiusdottir, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Thorvaldur Jonsson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Thorunn Rafnar, Patrick Sulem, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Appendicitis is one of the most common conditions requiring acute surgery and can pose a threat to the lives of affected individuals. We performed a genome-wide association study of appendicitis in 7,276 Icelandic and 1,139 Dutch cases and large groups of controls. In a combined analysis of the Icelandic and Dutch data, we detected a single signal represented by an intergenic variant rs2129979 [G] close to the gene PITX2 associating with increased risk of appendicitis (OR = 1.15, P = 1.8 × 10−11). We only observe the association in patients diagnosed in adulthood. The marker is close to, but distinct from, a set of markers reported to associate with atrial fibrillation, which have been linked to PITX2. PITX2 has been implicated in determination of right-left symmetry during development. Anomalies in organ arrangement have been linked to increased prevalence of gastrointestinal and intra-abdominal complications, which may explain the effect of rs2129979 on appendicitis risk.
Published: 2017
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42. Epigenetic and genetic components of height regulation

Author: Stefania Benonisdottir, Asmundur Oddsson, Agnar Helgason, Ragnar P. Kristjansson, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Arna Oskarsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Olafur B. Davidsson, Gudny A. Arnadottir, Gerald Sulem, Brynjar O. Jensson, Hilma Holm, Kristjan F. Alexandersson, Laufey Tryggvadottir, G. Bragi Walters, Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson, Lucas D. Ward, Jon K. Sigurdsson, Paul D. Iordache, Michael L. Frigge, Thorunn Rafnar, Augustine Kong, Gisli Masson, Hannes Helgason, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Patrick Sulem, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Adult height has a strong genetic component and is highly heritable. Here the authors whole-genome sequence 8,453 Icelanders and find novel parent-of-origin derived associations in IGF2-H19 and DLK1-MEG3.
Published: 2016
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43. Common and rare variants associating with serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase

Author: Ragnar P. Kristjansson, Asmundur Oddsson, Hannes Helgason, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Gudny A. Arnadottir, Brynjar O. Jensson, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, G. Bragi Walters, Gerald Sulem, Arna Oskarsdottir, Stefania Benonisdottir, Olafur B. Davidsson, Gisli Masson, Olafur Th Magnusson, Hilma Holm, Olof Sigurdardottir, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Gudmundur I. Eyjolfsson, Isleifur Olafsson, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Patrick Sulem, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are biomarkers of tissue damages including myopathy and myocardial infarction. Here, Patrick Sulem and colleagues perform a genome-wide association study to identify common and rare genetic variants that associates with serum CK or LDH levels.
Published: 2016
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44. Publisher Correction: GWAS of bone size yields twelve loci that also affect height, BMD, osteoarthritis or fractures

Author: Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Olafur A. Stefansson, Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Sigrun H. Lund, Lilja Stefansdottir, Kristinn Juliusson, Arna B. Agustsdottir, Florian Zink, Gisli H. Halldorsson, Erna V. Ivarsdottir, Stefania Benonisdottir, Hakon Jonsson, Arnaldur Gylfason, Kristjan Norland, Katerina Trajanoska, Cindy G. Boer, Lorraine Southam, Jason C. S. Leung, Nelson L. S. Tang, Timothy C. Y. Kwok, Jenny S. W. Lee, Suzanne C. Ho, Inger Byrjalsen, Jacqueline R. Center, Seung Hun Lee, Jung-Min Koh, L. Stefan Lohmander, Lan T. Ho-Pham, Tuan V. Nguyen, John A. Eisman, Jean Woo, Ping-C. Leung, John Loughlin, Eleftheria Zeggini, Claus Christiansen, Fernando Rivadeneira, Joyce van Meurs, Andre G. Uitterlinden, Brynjolfur Mogensen, Helgi Jonsson, Thorvaldur Ingvarsson, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Rafn Benediktsson, Patrick Sulem, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Gisli Masson, Hilma Holm, Gudmundur L. Norddahl, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: The original HTML version of this Article was updated shortly after publication to add links to the Peer Review file. In addition, affiliations 16 and 17 incorrectly read ‘School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, WA, 6160, Australia’ and ‘St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.’ This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Published: 2019
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45. A Splice Region Variant in LDLR Lowers Non-high Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Protects against Coronary Artery Disease.

Author: Solveig Gretarsdottir, Hannes Helgason, Anna Helgadottir, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Audur Magnusdottir, Asmundur Oddsson, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Thorunn Rafnar, Jacqueline de Graaf, Maryam S Daneshpour, Mehdi Hedayati, Fereidoun Azizi, Niels Grarup, Torben Jørgensen, Henrik Vestergaard, Torben Hansen, Gudmundur Eyjolfsson, Olof Sigurdardottir, Isleifur Olafsson, Lambertus A Kiemeney, Oluf Pedersen, Patrick Sulem, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Hilma Holm, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Through high coverage whole-genome sequencing and imputation of the identified variants into a large fraction of the Icelandic population, we found four independent signals in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR) that associate with levels of non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Two signals are novel with respect to association with non-HDL-C and are represented by non-coding low frequency variants (between 2-4% frequency), the splice region variant rs72658867-A in intron 14 and rs17248748-T in intron one. These two novel associations were replicated in three additional populations. Both variants lower non-HDL-C levels (rs72658867-A, non-HDL-C effect = -0.44 mmol/l, Padj = 1.1 × 10⁻⁸⁰ and rs17248748-T, non-HDL-C effect = -0.13 mmol/l, Padj = 1.3 × 10⁻¹²) and confer protection against CAD (rs72658867-A, OR = 0.76 and Padj = 2.7 × 10⁻⁸ and rs17248748-T, OR = 0.92 and Padj = 0.022). The LDLR splice region variant, rs72658867-A, located at position +5 in intron 14 (NM_000527:c.2140+5G>A), causes retention of intron 14 during transcription and is expected to produce a truncated LDL receptor lacking domains essential for function of the receptor. About half of the transcripts generated from chromosomes carrying rs72658867-A are characterized by this retention of the intron. The same variant also increases LDLR mRNA expression, however, the wild type transcripts do not exceed levels in non-carriers. This demonstrates that sequence variants that disrupt the LDL receptor can lower non-HDL-C and protect against CAD.
Published: 2015
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46. The role of adiposity in cardiometabolic traits: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

Author: Tove Fall, Sara Hägg, Reedik Mägi, Alexander Ploner, Krista Fischer, Momoko Horikoshi, Antti-Pekka Sarin, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Claes Ladenvall, Mart Kals, Maris Kuningas, Harmen H M Draisma, Janina S Ried, Natalie R van Zuydam, Ville Huikari, Massimo Mangino, Emily Sonestedt, Beben Benyamin, Christopher P Nelson, Natalia V Rivera, Kati Kristiansson, Huei-Yi Shen, Aki S Havulinna, Abbas Dehghan, Louise A Donnelly, Marika Kaakinen, Marja-Liisa Nuotio, Neil Robertson, Renée F A G de Bruijn, M Arfan Ikram, Najaf Amin, Anthony J Balmforth, Peter S Braund, Alexander S F Doney, Angela Döring, Paul Elliott, Tõnu Esko, Oscar H Franco, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Kauko Heikkilä, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Hilma Holm, Jouke Jan Hottenga, Elina Hyppönen, Thomas Illig, Aaron Isaacs, Bo Isomaa, Lennart C Karssen, Johannes Kettunen, Wolfgang Koenig, Kari Kuulasmaa, Tiina Laatikainen, Jaana Laitinen, Cecilia Lindgren, Valeriya Lyssenko, Esa Läärä, Nigel W Rayner, Satu Männistö, Anneli Pouta, Wolfgang Rathmann, Fernando Rivadeneira, Aimo Ruokonen, Markku J Savolainen, Eric J G Sijbrands, Kerrin S Small, Jan H Smit, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Anja Taanila, Martin D Tobin, Andre G Uitterlinden, Sara M Willems, Gonneke Willemsen, Jacqueline Witteman, Markus Perola, Alun Evans, Jean Ferrières, Jarmo Virtamo, Frank Kee, David-Alexandre Tregouet, Dominique Arveiler, Philippe Amouyel, Marco M Ferrario, Paolo Brambilla, Alistair S Hall, Andrew C Heath, Pamela A F Madden, Nicholas G Martin, Grant W Montgomery, John B Whitfield, Antti Jula, Paul Knekt, Ben Oostra, Cornelia M van Duijn, Brenda W J H Penninx, George Davey Smith, Jaakko Kaprio, Nilesh J Samani, Christian Gieger, Annette Peters, H Erich Wichmann, Dorret I Boomsma, Eco J C de Geus, TiinaMaija Tuomi, Chris Power, Christopher J Hammond, Tim D Spector, Lars Lind, Marju Orho-Melander, Colin Neil Alexander Palmer, Andrew D Morris, Leif Groop, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Veikko Salomaa, Erkki Vartiainen, Albert Hofman, Samuli Ripatti, Andres Metspalu, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson, Nancy L Pedersen, Mark I McCarthy, Erik Ingelsson, Inga Prokopenko, and European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology (ENGAGE) consortium
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundThe association between adiposity and cardiometabolic traits is well known from epidemiological studies. Whilst the causal relationship is clear for some of these traits, for others it is not. We aimed to determine whether adiposity is causally related to various cardiometabolic traits using the Mendelian randomization approach.Methods and findingsWe used the adiposity-associated variant rs9939609 at the FTO locus as an instrumental variable (IV) for body mass index (BMI) in a Mendelian randomization design. Thirty-six population-based studies of individuals of European descent contributed to the analyses. Age- and sex-adjusted regression models were fitted to test for association between (i) rs9939609 and BMI (n = 198,502), (ii) rs9939609 and 24 traits, and (iii) BMI and 24 traits. The causal effect of BMI on the outcome measures was quantified by IV estimators. The estimators were compared to the BMI-trait associations derived from the same individuals. In the IV analysis, we demonstrated novel evidence for a causal relationship between adiposity and incident heart failure (hazard ratio, 1.19 per BMI-unit increase; 95% CI, 1.03-1.39) and replicated earlier reports of a causal association with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and hypertension (odds ratio for IV estimator, 1.1-1.4; all p < 0.05). For quantitative traits, our results provide novel evidence for a causal effect of adiposity on the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase and confirm previous reports of a causal effect of adiposity on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, 2-h post-load glucose from the oral glucose tolerance test, C-reactive protein, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (all p < 0.05). The estimated causal effects were in agreement with traditional observational measures in all instances except for type 2 diabetes, where the causal estimate was larger than the observational estimate (p = 0.001).ConclusionsWe provide novel evidence for a causal relationship between adiposity and heart failure as well as between adiposity and increased liver enzymes.
Published: 2013
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47. Homocysteine and coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of MTHFR case-control studies, avoiding publication bias.

Author: Robert Clarke, Derrick A Bennett, Sarah Parish, Petra Verhoef, Mariska Dötsch-Klerk, Mark Lathrop, Peng Xu, Børge G Nordestgaard, Hilma Holm, Jemma C Hopewell, Danish Saleheen, Toshihiro Tanaka, Sonia S Anand, John C Chambers, Marcus E Kleber, Willem H Ouwehand, Yoshiji Yamada, Clara Elbers, Bas Peters, Alexandre F R Stewart, Muredach M Reilly, Barbara Thorand, Salim Yusuf, James C Engert, Themistocles L Assimes, Jaspal Kooner, John Danesh, Hugh Watkins, Nilesh J Samani, Rory Collins, Richard Peto, and MTHFR Studies Collaborative Group
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundModerately elevated blood levels of homocysteine are weakly correlated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but causality remains uncertain. When folate levels are low, the TT genotype of the common C677T polymorphism (rs1801133) of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) appreciably increases homocysteine levels, so "Mendelian randomization" studies using this variant as an instrumental variable could help test causality.Methods and findingsNineteen unpublished datasets were obtained (total 48,175 CHD cases and 67,961 controls) in which multiple genetic variants had been measured, including MTHFR C677T. These datasets did not include measurements of blood homocysteine, but homocysteine levels would be expected to be about 20% higher with TT than with CC genotype in the populations studied. In meta-analyses of these unpublished datasets, the case-control CHD odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI comparing TT versus CC homozygotes was 1.02 (0.98-1.07; p = 0.28) overall, and 1.01 (0.95-1.07) in unsupplemented low-folate populations. By contrast, in a slightly updated meta-analysis of the 86 published studies (28,617 CHD cases and 41,857 controls), the OR was 1.15 (1.09-1.21), significantly discrepant (p = 0.001) with the OR in the unpublished datasets. Within the meta-analysis of published studies, the OR was 1.12 (1.04-1.21) in the 14 larger studies (those with variance of log ORConclusionsThe CI for the overall result from large unpublished datasets shows lifelong moderate homocysteine elevation has little or no effect on CHD. The discrepant overall result from previously published studies reflects publication bias or methodological problems.
Published: 2012
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48. Novel loci for adiponectin levels and their influence on type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a multi-ethnic meta-analysis of 45,891 individuals.

Author: Zari Dastani, Marie-France Hivert, Nicholas Timpson, John R B Perry, Xin Yuan, Robert A Scott, Peter Henneman, Iris M Heid, Jorge R Kizer, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Christian Fuchsberger, Toshiko Tanaka, Andrew P Morris, Kerrin Small, Aaron Isaacs, Marian Beekman, Stefan Coassin, Kurt Lohman, Lu Qi, Stavroula Kanoni, James S Pankow, Hae-Won Uh, Ying Wu, Aurelian Bidulescu, Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik, Celia M T Greenwood, Martin Ladouceur, Jonna Grimsby, Alisa K Manning, Ching-Ti Liu, Jaspal Kooner, Vincent E Mooser, Peter Vollenweider, Karen A Kapur, John Chambers, Nicholas J Wareham, Claudia Langenberg, Rune Frants, Ko Willems-Vandijk, Ben A Oostra, Sara M Willems, Claudia Lamina, Thomas W Winkler, Bruce M Psaty, Russell P Tracy, Jennifer Brody, Ida Chen, Jorma Viikari, Mika Kähönen, Peter P Pramstaller, David M Evans, Beate St Pourcain, Naveed Sattar, Andrew R Wood, Stefania Bandinelli, Olga D Carlson, Josephine M Egan, Stefan Böhringer, Diana van Heemst, Lyudmyla Kedenko, Kati Kristiansson, Marja-Liisa Nuotio, Britt-Marie Loo, Tamara Harris, Melissa Garcia, Alka Kanaya, Margot Haun, Norman Klopp, H-Erich Wichmann, Panos Deloukas, Efi Katsareli, David J Couper, Bruce B Duncan, Margreet Kloppenburg, Linda S Adair, Judith B Borja, DIAGRAM+ Consortium, MAGIC Consortium, GLGC Investigators, MuTHER Consortium, James G Wilson, Solomon Musani, Xiuqing Guo, Toby Johnson, Robert Semple, Tanya M Teslovich, Matthew A Allison, Susan Redline, Sarah G Buxbaum, Karen L Mohlke, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Christie M Ballantyne, George V Dedoussis, Frank B Hu, Yongmei Liu, Bernhard Paulweber, Timothy D Spector, P Eline Slagboom, Luigi Ferrucci, Antti Jula, Markus Perola, Olli Raitakari, Jose C Florez, Veikko Salomaa, Johan G Eriksson, Timothy M Frayling, Andrew A Hicks, Terho Lehtimäki, George Davey Smith, David S Siscovick, Florian Kronenberg, Cornelia van Duijn, Ruth J F Loos, Dawn M Waterworth, James B Meigs, Josee Dupuis, J Brent Richards, Benjamin F Voight, Laura J Scott, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Christian Dina, Ryan P Welch, Eleftheria Zeggini, Cornelia Huth, Yurii S Aulchenko, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Laura J McCulloch, Teresa Ferreira, Harald Grallert, Najaf Amin, Guanming Wu, Cristen J Willer, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Steve A McCarroll, Oliver M Hofmann, Ayellet V Segrè, Mandy van Hoek, Pau Navarro, Kristin Ardlie, Beverley Balkau, Rafn Benediktsson, Amanda J Bennett, Roza Blagieva, Eric Boerwinkle, Lori L Bonnycastle, Kristina Bengtsson Boström, Bert Bravenboer, Suzannah Bumpstead, Noël P Burtt, Guillaume Charpentier, Peter S Chines, Marilyn Cornelis, Gabe Crawford, Alex S F Doney, Katherine S Elliott, Amanda L Elliott, Michael R Erdos, Caroline S Fox, Christopher S Franklin, Martha Ganser, Christian Gieger, Niels Grarup, Todd Green, Simon Griffin, Christopher J Groves, Candace Guiducci, Samy Hadjadj, Neelam Hassanali, Christian Herder, Bo Isomaa, Anne U Jackson, Paul R V Johnson, Torben Jørgensen, Wen H L Kao, Augustine Kong, Peter Kraft, Johanna Kuusisto, Torsten Lauritzen, Man Li, Aloysius Lieverse, Cecilia M Lindgren, Valeriya Lyssenko, Michel Marre, Thomas Meitinger, Kristian Midthjell, Mario A Morken, Narisu Narisu, Peter Nilsson, Katharine R Owen, Felicity Payne, Ann-Kristin Petersen, Carl Platou, Christine Proença, Inga Prokopenko, Wolfgang Rathmann, N William Rayner, Neil R Robertson, Ghislain Rocheleau, Michael Roden, Michael J Sampson, Richa Saxena, Beverley M Shields, Peter Shrader, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Thomas Sparsø, Klaus Strassburger, Heather M Stringham, Qi Sun, Amy J Swift, Barbara Thorand, Jean Tichet, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Rob M van Dam, Timon W van Haeften, Thijs van Herpt, Jana V van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, G Bragi Walters, Michael N Weedon, Cisca Wijmenga, Jacqueline Witteman, Richard N Bergman, Stephane Cauchi, Francis S Collins, Anna L Gloyn, Ulf Gyllensten, Torben Hansen, Winston A Hide, Graham A Hitman, Albert Hofman, David J Hunter, Kristian Hveem, Markku Laakso, Andrew D Morris, Colin N A Palmer, Igor Rudan, Eric Sijbrands, Lincoln D Stein, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Andre Uitterlinden, Mark Walker, Richard M Watanabe, Goncalo R Abecasis, Bernhard O Boehm, Harry Campbell, Mark J Daly, Andrew T Hattersley, Oluf Pedersen, Inês Barroso, Leif Groop, Rob Sladek, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, James F Wilson, Thomas Illig, Philippe Froguel, Cornelia M van Duijn, Kari Stefansson, David Altshuler, Michael Boehnke, Mark I McCarthy, Nicole Soranzo, Eleanor Wheeler, Nicole L Glazer, Nabila Bouatia-Naji, Reedik Mägi, Joshua Randall, Paul Elliott, Denis Rybin, Abbas Dehghan, Jouke Jan Hottenga, Kijoung Song, Anuj Goel, Taina Lajunen, Alex Doney, Christine Cavalcanti-Proença, Meena Kumari, Nicholas J Timpson, Carina Zabena, Erik Ingelsson, Ping An, Jeffrey O'Connell, Jian'an Luan, Amanda Elliott, Steven A McCarroll, Rosa Maria Roccasecca, François Pattou, Praveen Sethupathy, Yavuz Ariyurek, Philip Barter, John P Beilby, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Sven Bergmann, Murielle Bochud, Amélie Bonnefond, Knut Borch-Johnsen, Yvonne Böttcher, Eric Brunner, Suzannah J Bumpstead, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Peter Chines, Robert Clarke, Lachlan J M Coin, Matthew N Cooper, Laura Crisponi, Ian N M Day, Eco J C de Geus, Jerome Delplanque, Annette C Fedson, Antje Fischer-Rosinsky, Nita G Forouhi, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Pilar Galan, Mark O Goodarzi, Jürgen Graessler, Scott Grundy, Rhian Gwilliam, Göran Hallmans, Naomi Hammond, Xijing Han, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, Caroline Hayward, Simon C Heath, Serge Hercberg, David R Hillman, Aroon D Hingorani, Jennie Hui, Joe Hung, Marika Kaakinen, Jaakko Kaprio, Y Antero Kesaniemi, Mika Kivimaki, Beatrice Knight, Seppo Koskinen, Peter Kovacs, Kirsten Ohm Kyvik, G Mark Lathrop, Debbie A Lawlor, Olivier Le Bacquer, Cécile Lecoeur, Yun Li, Robert Mahley, Massimo Mangino, María Teresa Martínez-Larrad, Jarred B McAteer, Ruth McPherson, Christa Meisinger, David Melzer, David Meyre, Braxton D Mitchell, Sutapa Mukherjee, Silvia Naitza, Matthew J Neville, Marco Orrù, Ruth Pakyz, Giuseppe Paolisso, Cristian Pattaro, Daniel Pearson, John F Peden, Nancy L Pedersen, Andreas F H Pfeiffer, Irene Pichler, Ozren Polasek, Danielle Posthuma, Simon C Potter, Anneli Pouta, Michael A Province, Nigel W Rayner, Kenneth Rice, Samuli Ripatti, Fernando Rivadeneira, Olov Rolandsson, Annelli Sandbaek, Manjinder Sandhu, Serena Sanna, Avan Aihie Sayer, Paul Scheet, Udo Seedorf, Stephen J Sharp, Beverley Shields, Gunnar Sigurðsson, Eric J G Sijbrands, Angela Silveira, Laila Simpson, Andrew Singleton, Nicholas L Smith, Ulla Sovio, Amy Swift, Holly Syddall, Ann-Christine Syvänen, Anke Tönjes, André G Uitterlinden, Ko Willems van Dijk, Dhiraj Varma, Sophie Visvikis-Siest, Veronique Vitart, Nicole Vogelzangs, Gérard Waeber, Peter J Wagner, Andrew Walley, Kim L Ward, Hugh Watkins, Sarah H Wild, Gonneke Willemsen, Jaqueline C M Witteman, John W G Yarnell, Diana Zelenika, Björn Zethelius, Guangju Zhai, Jing Hua Zhao, M Carola Zillikens, DIAGRAM Consortium, GIANT Consortium, Global B Pgen Consortium, Ingrid B Borecki, Pierre Meneton, Patrik K E Magnusson, David M Nathan, Gordon H Williams, Kaisa Silander, Stefan R Bornstein, Peter Schwarz, Joachim Spranger, Fredrik Karpe, Alan R Shuldiner, Cyrus Cooper, Manuel Serrano-Ríos, Lars Lind, Lyle J Palmer, Paul W Franks, Shah Ebrahim, Michael Marmot, W H Linda Kao, Peter Paul Pramstaller, Alan F Wright, Michael Stumvoll, Anders Hamsten, Procardis Consortium, Thomas A Buchanan, Timo T Valle, Jerome I Rotter, Brenda W J H Penninx, Dorret I Boomsma, Antonio Cao, Angelo Scuteri, David Schlessinger, Manuela Uda, Aimo Ruokonen, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Leena Peltonen, Vincent Mooser, Robert Sladek, MAGIC investigators, GLGC Consortium, Kiran Musunuru, Albert V Smith, Andrew C Edmondson, Ioannis M Stylianou, Masahiro Koseki, James P Pirruccello, Daniel I Chasman, Christopher T Johansen, Sigrid W Fouchier, Gina M Peloso, Maja Barbalic, Sally L Ricketts, Joshua C Bis, Mary F Feitosa, Marju Orho-Melander, Olle Melander, Xiaohui Li, Mingyao Li, Yoon Shin Cho, Min Jin Go, Young Jin Kim, Jong-Young Lee, Taesung Park, Kyunga Kim, Xueling Sim, Rick Twee-Hee Ong, Damien C Croteau-Chonka, Leslie A Lange, Joshua D Smith, Andreas Ziegler, Weihua Zhang, Robert Y L Zee, John B Whitfield, John R Thompson, Ida Surakka, Tim D Spector, Johannes H Smit, Juha Sinisalo, James Scott, Juha Saharinen, Chiara Sabatti, Lynda M Rose, Robert Roberts, Mark Rieder, Alex N Parker, Guillaume Pare, Christopher J O'Donnell, Markku S Nieminen, Deborah A Nickerson, Grant W Montgomery, Wendy McArdle, David Masson, Nicholas G Martin, Fabio Marroni, Gavin Lucas, Robert Luben, Marja-Liisa Lokki, Guillaume Lettre, Lenore J Launer, Edward G Lakatta, Reijo Laaksonen, Kirsten O Kyvik, Inke R König, Kay-Tee Khaw, Lee M Kaplan, Åsa Johansson, A Cecile J W Janssens, Wilmar Igl, G Kees Hovingh, Christian Hengstenberg, Aki S Havulinna, Nicholas D Hastie, Tamara B Harris, Talin Haritunians, Alistair S Hall, Leif C Groop, Elena Gonzalez, Nelson B Freimer, Jeanette Erdmann, Kenechi G Ejebe, Angela Döring, Anna F Dominiczak, Serkalem Demissie, Panagiotis Deloukas, Ulf de Faire, Gabriel Crawford, Yii-der I Chen, Mark J Caulfield, S Matthijs Boekholdt, Themistocles L Assimes, Thomas Quertermous, Mark Seielstad, Tien Y Wong, E-Shyong Tai, Alan B Feranil, Christopher W Kuzawa, Herman A Taylor, Stacey B Gabriel, Hilma Holm, Vilmundur Gudnason, Ronald M Krauss, Jose M Ordovas, Patricia B Munroe, Jaspal S Kooner, Alan R Tall, Robert A Hegele, John J P Kastelein, Eric E Schadt, David P Strachan, Muredach P Reilly, Nilesh J Samani, Heribert Schunkert, L Adrienne Cupples, Manjinder S Sandhu, Paul M Ridker, Daniel J Rader, and Sekar Kathiresan
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes, are highly heritable and are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and other metabolic traits. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 39,883 individuals of European ancestry to identify genes associated with metabolic disease. We identified 8 novel loci associated with adiponectin levels and confirmed 2 previously reported loci (P = 4.5×10(-8)-1.2×10(-43)). Using a novel method to combine data across ethnicities (N = 4,232 African Americans, N = 1,776 Asians, and N = 29,347 Europeans), we identified two additional novel loci. Expression analyses of 436 human adipocyte samples revealed that mRNA levels of 18 genes at candidate regions were associated with adiponectin concentrations after accounting for multiple testing (p
Published: 2012
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49. RANTES/CCL5 and risk for coronary events: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort, Athero-Express and CARDIoGRAM studies.

Author: Christian Herder, Wouter Peeters, Thomas Illig, Jens Baumert, Dominique P V de Kleijn, Frans L Moll, Ulrike Poschen, Norman Klopp, Martina Müller-Nurasyid, Michael Roden, Michael Preuss, CARDIoGRAM Consortium, Mahir Karakas, Christa Meisinger, Barbara Thorand, Gerard Pasterkamp, Wolfgang Koenig, Themistocles L Assimes, Panos Deloukas, Jeanette Erdmann, Hilma Holm, Sekar Kathiresan, Inke R König, Ruth McPherson, Muredach P Reilly, Robert Roberts, Nilesh J Samani, Heribert Schunkert, and Alexandre F R Stewart
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted)/CCL5 is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in mice, whereas less is known in humans. We hypothesised that its relevance for atherosclerosis should be reflected by associations between CCL5 gene variants, RANTES serum concentrations and protein levels in atherosclerotic plaques and risk for coronary events.We conducted a case-cohort study within the population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg studies. Baseline RANTES serum levels were measured in 363 individuals with incident coronary events and 1,908 non-cases (mean follow-up: 10.2±4.8 years). Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, metabolic factors and lifestyle factors revealed no significant association between RANTES and incident coronary events (HR [95% CI] for increasing RANTES tertiles 1.0, 1.03 [0.75-1.42] and 1.11 [0.81-1.54]). None of six CCL5 single nucleotide polymorphisms and no common haplotype showed significant associations with coronary events. Also in the CARDIoGRAM study (>22,000 cases, >60,000 controls), none of these CCL5 SNPs was significantly associated with coronary artery disease. In the prospective Athero-Express biobank study, RANTES plaque levels were measured in 606 atherosclerotic lesions from patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy. RANTES content in atherosclerotic plaques was positively associated with macrophage infiltration and inversely associated with plaque calcification. However, there was no significant association between RANTES content in plaques and risk for coronary events (mean follow-up 2.8±0.8 years).High RANTES plaque levels were associated with an unstable plaque phenotype. However, the absence of associations between (i) RANTES serum levels, (ii) CCL5 genotypes and (iii) RANTES content in carotid plaques and either coronary artery disease or incident coronary events in our cohorts suggests that RANTES may not be a novel coronary risk biomarker. However, the potential relevance of RANTES levels in platelet-poor plasma needs to be investigated in further studies.
Published: 2011
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50. Correction: Association of Variants at with Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Stones—Role of Age and Comorbid Diseases.

Author: Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hilma Holm, Olafur S. Indridason, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Vidar Edvardsson, Patrick Sulem, Femmie de Vegt, Frank C. H. d'Ancona, Martin den Heijer, Jack F. M. Wetzels, Leifur Franzson, Thorunn Rafnar, Kristleifur Kristjansson, Unnur S. Bjornsdottir, Gudmundur I. Eyjolfsson, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Augustine Kong, Runolfur Palsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, and Kari Stefansson
Subjects: Genetics, QH426-470
Published: 2010
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