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2. Effects of sublethal doses of pyrethroids on malaria vectors

Author

Hill, Nigel and Curtis, C. F.

Subjects
614.4323
Abstract

Pyrethroids are currently the most widespread class of insecticide in public health use, although their future may be limited by resistance. The present study investigates the effects of these compounds on mosquitoes, other than mortality immediately after exposure. Longevity of both male and female An. gambiae was found to be significantly curtailed following sublethal exposure to the most commonly used pyrethroids, permethrin, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin. There was no direct effect observed on fecundity. Irritancy on direct contact with all 3 compounds was recorded, particularly with permethrin. Evening host-seeking flight activity was greatly reduced, and when females were treated with permethrin before release into a flight chamber, significantly fewer flew to a host to feed. Experiments investigating Plasmodium yoelii and P. falciparum development in the Asian vector An. stephensi revealed that sublethal exposure to pyrethroids inhibited development of oocysts in the midgut. Similar experiments using organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamate insecticides found no effect. Radio-labeled permethrin was traced inside the blood meal following exposure. However, none of the 3 pyrethroids were found to have a direct anti-malarial activity on cultured gametocytes. Likewise, permethrin did not affect exflagellation of P. yoelii. Time course experiments determined that for the reduction in oocysts there was a critical period of between 18 and 48 hours after the infective feed. Permethrin was not found to inhibit trypsin activity in assays, and the levels of trypsin in the midgut of blood fed treated and untreated females was not found to differ in a manner which could explain reduced infection rates. It is clear that sublethal exposure of mosquitoes can lead to a wide range of potentially important effects in terms of the impact of pyrethroids in malaria vector control.

Published
2003
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4. The PPILOW project: Innovations improving welfare in low input and organic pig and poultry farms

Author

Collin, Anne, Meloni, Giuditta, Bonnefous, Claire, Re, Martina, van Vooren, Laura, Niemi, Jarkko, Väre, Minna, Lähtinen, Katja, Tuyttens, Frank A.M., Graat, Evelien, Vanden Hole, Charlotte, Rodenburg, Tb (bas), Kliphuis, Saskia, Giersberg, Mona, Tavares, Olivia, Desaint, Brieuc, Steenfeldt, Sanna, Pedersen, Lene, Engberg, Ricarda M., Almadani Mohamad, Isam, Carelli, Riccardo, Sciarretta, Marlene, Guilloteau, Laurence, Réhault-Godbert, Sophie, Gautron, Joël, Le Bihan-Duval, Elisabeth, Mignon-Grasteau, Sandrine, Berri, Cécile, Guettier, Elodie, Baéza, Elisabeth, Chartrin, Pascal, Bordeau, Thierry, Raynaud, Emilie, Couroussé, Nathalie, Cailleau-Audouin, Estelle, Crochet, Sabine, Tourneur, Léa, Guichaoua, Adrien, van den Brand, Henry, Castellini, Cesare, Reverchon, Maxime, Sourdioux, Michel, Akakpo, Roland, Rangel Pedersen, Ninfa, Schepens, Rene, Almind, Maria, Grenier, Katia, Dubuc, David, Le Lann, Marie-Véronique, Ponzio, Raffaella, Mainardi, Marina, Accotto, Caterina, Coletta, Monica, Guesdon, Vanessa, Leruste, Hélène, Billiard, Bérangère, Ferreira, Vitor Hugo Bessa, Baldinger, Lisa, Pluschke, Helen, Delanoue, Elsa, Laura, Warin, Pertusa, Marion, Stomp, Mathilde, Travel, Angelique, Bouvarel, Isabelle, Germain, Karine, Ravon, Laure, Calandreau, Ludovic, Labas, Valérie, Prunier, Armelle, Merlot, Elodie, Tallet, Céline, Perruchot, Marie-Hélène, Louveau, Isabelle, van Milgen, Jaap, Dessauge, Frederic, Clouard, Caroline, Lebret, Bénédicte, Montagne, Lucile, Faure, Justine, Zuliani, Anna, Venezia, Pietro, Canario, Laurianne, Ferchaud, Stéphane, Cozma, Vasile, Spinu, Marina, Horia Bǎieş, Mihai, Courboulay, Valérie, Roguet, Christine, Gaudré, Didier, Chevillon, Patrick, Alibert, Laurent, Decruyenaere, Virginie, Wavreille, José, Vanggaard, Pia, Vanggaard, Jan, Micheloni, Cristina, Thobe, Petra, Lombard, Sarah, Caillaud, Laura, Bernardet, Nelly, Collet, Julie, Molenaar, Roos, Mattioli, Simona, Hill, Nigel, Cadudal, François, Quentin, Maxime, Leterrier, Christine, Teixeira-Gomes, Ana-Paula, Uzbekova, Svetlana, Maugrion, Emilie, Rocchi, Lucia, Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Associazione Italiana per l'Agricoltura Biologica (AIAB), Scuela Santa Anna (SSSA), Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP), BioForum Vlaanderen, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Institut Technique de l'Agriculture Biologique (ITAB), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Thuenen Institute of Farm Economics, European Association for Animal Production (EAAP), Les instituts techniques agricoles (Acta), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français (SYSAAF), Fermentation Experts, Équipe Micro et nanosystèmes HyperFréquences Fluidiques (LAAS-MH2F), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Équipe DIagnostic, Supervision et COnduite (LAAS-DISCO), Slow Food Biodiversity, JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, ITAVI, Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (UE EASM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), SIVtro VSF Italia, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale Elevages Porcins Innovants (GenESI), USAMV Cluj-Napoca, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Vanggaard Staldmontage, Harper Adams University, EAAP, PPILOW, and European Project: 816172,H2020-EU.3.2.1.1. - Increasing production efficiency and coping with climate change, while ensuring sustainability and resilience ,PPILOW (2019)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SCCO]Cognitive science, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; The PPILOW project aims to co-construct innovations to improve Poultry and Pig Welfare in Low-input outdoor and Organic farming systems through a multi-actor approach. PPILOW implements a participatory approach for proposing and studying welfare-improvement levers. It will provide a combination of practical solutions that can be applied at a pan-European level with specific adjustments depending on citizen’s expectations and the target market. The multi-actor approach consists in involving end-users including farmers, breeding companies, feed producers, consumer associations, retailers, advisers, processors, and scientists in National Practitioner Groups (NPG) in six participating countries. PPILOW partners facilitate the groups by connecting NPG at European level, transferring scientific information, interacting with partners engaged in animal experiments, and co-creating innovations rising from NPG-specific demands. They co-build with PPILOW partners welfare self-assessment tools (development of the PIGLOW app for pigs and refinement of the EBENE® app for poultry), and innovative breeding, feeding, and rearing strategies and techniques to improve the welfare of animals. They co-design protocols, test innovations on farm, and disseminate the results. In turn, they receive insights on methods and scientific results, and inputs from other NPG reinforcing the value of the expected outcomes. Approaches focus on avoiding physical damage and the elimination of layer male chicks, on reducing boar taint of intact male pigs, promoting positive behaviours, animal health, and robustness through field studies with pigs and poultry. Multicriteria analyses of the most effective levers of welfare improvement will be performed to evaluate their economic, social, and environmental impacts based on the ‘One Welfare’ concept; economic and business models will also be developed. To ensure the rapid uptake of the project results by end-users, the close involvement of PPILOW’s NPG throughout the EU will ensure disseminationactivities and the facilitation of change. The PPILOW project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement N°816172. www.ppilow.eu.

Published
2022

8. Feedback

Author

Hill, Nigel, primary, Brierley, John, additional, and MacDougall, Rob, additional

Published
2017
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10. Sampling

Author

Hill, Nigel, primary, Brierley, John, additional, and MacDougall, Rob, additional

Published
2017
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12. Introduction

Author

Hill, Nigel, primary, Brierley, John, additional, and MacDougall, Rob, additional

Published
2017
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18. Rating Scales

Author

Hill, Nigel, primary, Brierley, John, additional, and MacDougall, Rob, additional

Published
2017
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21. Ready or not, here I come: Understanding English farmers perceptions of the changes in UK agricultural and environmental policy

Author

Huang, Iona Y., Behrendt, Karl, Parker, Eleanor, Hill, Nigel, Purewal, Amandeep Kaur, Swales, David, and Baker, Sarah

Subjects
agricultural policy change, Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, sustainable farming incentive (SFI), Agribusiness, farmers decision making, Environmental Land Management Scheme (ELMs)
Abstract

Under the new post-Brexit era English agricultural and environmental policies are changing, with a transition away from direct payments to agri-environmental schemes. With a significant proportion of farmers reliant on direct payments for their viability, there is a need to understand farmers awareness of the proposed changes in farm policy, and to assess the extent to which English farmers are adapting their businesses to changes in policy. This research used transcribed qualitative in-depth semi-structured interviews conducted with 34 farmers across England and representative of the main industry sectors. Thematic content analysis using NVivo and attributional information was used to analyse farmer responses. The research found that there existed predominantly negative views about the ELMs and the Sustainable Farming Incentive pilot. Alarmingly over a third of farmers did not know the financial impacts of future policy changes and over a fifth of farmers had undertaken no planning at all, with only a third of farmers planning for reduced support. The results identified that the in-coherence between the ELMs policy and international trade policy was the main source of farmers’ resentment towards the new policy and opportunities to improve the design of future schemes and policy to align with farmers’ goals.

Published
2022
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30. Border malaria in China: knowledge and use of personal protection by minority populations and implications for malaria control: a questionnaire-based survey

Author

Hill Nigel, Min Xia, Moore Sarah J, Jones Caroline, Zaixing Zhang, and Cameron Mary M

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Malaria control in remote, forested areas of the Mekong region relies on personal protection from mosquito bites. Uptake of these methods may be limited by knowledge of the link between mosquitoes and malaria as well as social and economic aspects. Understanding barriers to uptake will inform malaria control programmes on targets for improvement of delivery. Methods A total 748 key respondents: health providers and village heads, from 187 villages and 25 different ethnic groups, were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Differences in use of personal protection, and knowledge of malaria between groups were analysed using chi-square; and binary logistic regression used for multivariate analysis. Results Malaria knowledge was poor with 19.4% of women and 37.5% of men linking mosquitoes with malaria, although 95.6% knew one or more methods of mosquito control. Virtually all respondents used personal protection at some time during the year; and understanding of malaria transmission was strongly associated with bednet use. Those working in forest agriculture were significantly more likely to know that mosquitoes transmit malaria but this did not translate into a significantly greater likelihood of using bednets. Furthermore, use of personal protection while woing outdoors was rare, and less than 3% of respondents knew about the insecticide impregnation of bednets. The use of bednets, synthetic repellents and mosquito coils varied between ethnic groups, but was significantly more frequent among those with higher income, more years of education and permanent housing. The reported use of repellents and coils was also more common among women despite their low knowledge of malaria transmission, and low likelihood of having heard information on malaria within the last year. Conclusion The use of personal protection must be increased, particularly among outdoor workers that have higher malaria risk. However, personal protection is widely used and widely accepted to prevent nuisance biting mosquitoes, with the major barrier to use being affordability. Therefore, social marketing campaigns aimed at women and those that work outdoors that provide highly subsidised products, especially insecticide impregnation kits for bednets and hammock nets are most likely to succeed in lowering malaria morbidity among non Han-Chinese groups in rural China.

Published
2008
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32. How to Measure Customer Satisfaction

Author

Hill, Nigel, Brierley, John, and MacDougall, Rob

Subjects
zagotavljanje kvalitete, analiza, mišljenje, maksimizacija, planiranje projektov, vzorčenje, storitve, opcije, udc:658.8, vrednost, kvaliteta, potrošnik, evalvacija, benchmarking, raziskave, psihologija potrošnika, ocenjevanje
Published
2017

34. Field Evaluation of Traditionally Used Plant-Based Insect Repellents and Fumigants Against the Malaria VectorAnopheles darlingiin Riberalta, Bolivian Amazon

Author

Moore, Sarah J., Hill, Nigel, Ruiz, Carmen, and Cameron, Mary M.

Subjects
Plant-based, Cymbopogon citratus, Infectious Diseases, General Veterinary, Insect Science, Mansonia spp, Repellent, Anopheles darlingi, Parasitology
Abstract

Inexpensive insect repellents may be needed to supplement the use of impregnated bed-nets in the Amazon region, where the primary malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi (Root), is exophilic and feeds in the early evening. Three plants that are traditionally used to repel mosquitoes in Riberalta, Bolivian Amazon, were identified by focus group, and then they were tested against An. darlingi as well as Mansonia indubitans (Dyar & Shannon)/Mansonia titillans (Walker). Cymbopogon citratus (Staph), Guatemalan lemongrass, essential oil at 25% was used as a skin repellent, and it provided 74% protection for 2.5 h against predominantly An. darlingi and 95% protection for 2.5 h against Mansonia spp. Attalea princeps (name not verified) husks, burned on charcoal in the traditional way provided 35 and 51% protection against An. darlingi and Mansonia spp., respectively. Kerosene lamps, often used to light rural homes, were used as a heat source to volatilize 100% Mentha arvensis (Malinv ex. Bailey) essential oil, and they reduced biting by 41% inside traditional homes against Mansonia spp., although they were ineffective outdoors against An. darlingi. All three plant-based repellents provided significant protection compared with controls. Plant-based repellents, although less effective than synthetic alternatives, were shown by focus groups to be more culturally acceptable in this setting, in particular para-menthane-3, 8, idol derived from lemon eucalyptus, Corymbia citriodora (Hook). Plant-based repellents have the potential to be produced locally and therefore sold more cheaply than synthetic commercial repellents. Importantly, their low cost may encourage user compliance among indigenous and marginalized populations.

Published
2007

36. Commodity Products and Stalemate Industries: Is There a Role for Marketing?

Author

Hill, Nigel

Subjects
COMMERCIAL product marketing, COMPETITION, MARKETING management, BENCHMARKING (Management), STOCKHOLDERS, BUSINESS success, MARKETING strategy, SUPPLIERS, INDUSTRIAL goods
Abstract

This paper reviews recent literature concerning the nature of competition in markets for undifferentiated products and investigates the role and effectiveness of marketing activities in such markets. In particular, the paper seeks to explore the relationship if any) between good marketing practice and success in the marketplace amongst companies supplying basic industrial products. The work is based on a study of the marketing activities of steel stockholders in the UK. The findings lend some support to the view that marketing can and should be used to differentiate the offerings of competing suppliers in so-called "stalemate industries", and that the investment of management time and effort is more important to the development of effective marketing practices than the size of the marketing budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1990
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38. Risk Factors for the Presence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Domestic Water-Holding Containers in Areas Impacted by the Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project, Laos

Author

Hiscox, Alexandra, primary, Banks, Ian, additional, Brey, Paul T., additional, Hill, Nigel, additional, Kaye, Angela, additional, Vongphayloth, Khamsing, additional, Khammanithong, Phasouk, additional, Lindsay, Steven W., additional, Kaul, Surinder, additional, Piffer, Michele, additional, and Sananikhom, Pany, additional

Published
2013
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46. LETTERS.

Author

Steel, Charlotte, Hamilton-Fletcher, Rebecca, Hill, Nigel, Francisco, Jo, and Davies, Wynne

Published
2021

49. Got to keep the customer satisfied

Author

Hill, Nigel and Alexander, Jim

Subjects
Customer service -- Economic aspects, Customer satisfaction -- Valuation, Advertising, marketing and public relations, Business
Abstract

In a CLT exclusive Nigel Hill and Jim Alexander focus on the ownership experience and customer value package, examining the complex link between satisfaction and profit. Does good customer service [...]

Published
2000

50. An Introductory Field Exercise on Topographic Mapping

Author

Dickinson, Warren W. and Hill, Nigel L.

Abstract

A field exercise in mapping the bottom of a lake introduces principles of contouring through cooperative and process learning. The exercise is ideally suited for a group of six to eight students from high school onward who have not had structural geology. It teaches familiarity with the pocket transit, construction of a map through baseline triangulation, and assessment of data quality.

Published
1997
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