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In recent years, there has been a growing demand for UV‐curable hard coatings because they offer several advantages, for example, lower energy consumption and the absence of volatile organic compound emissions. Anionic UV curing with photobase generators (PBGs), such as epoxy–thiol cross‐linking, enables curing under ambient conditions. However, designing a room‐temperature photoanionic curing system for epoxy–thiols remains challenging due to the complex effects of resin combinations on the cured products, thus making it difficult to prepare films with high hardness. Herein, we present a controlled reaction design for an anionic UV‐curing system by combining the chemical structures of epoxy resins and multifunctional thiols. The anionic UV‐curing system using PBGs that generate organic superbases demonstrated UV‐delayed curability, as evidenced by FT‐IR and photorheological analyses. To achieve high hardness, it was necessary to create the thiols with ultrarigid structures; epoxy resins with a bisphenol F structure were optimal for reacting with thiols for ultrarigid structures. This combination afforded an indentation hardness of 262 MPa with an epoxy conversion rate of 77% even at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paint & Coatings Industry (0253-4312) is the property of Paint & Coatings Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the study was to screen and obtain chicken-derived lactic acid bacteria with high adhesion, excellent probiotic properties and high activity so as to lay a foundation for the development of chicken-derived probiotic preparations. The host-derived lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the intestinal tract of healthy free-range chickens and the surface adhesion characteristics of the isolated strains such as surface hydrophobicity, bacterial self-agglutination and co polymerization as well as the adhesion effect on intestinal mucus in vitro were studied. The response surface method was used to optimize the significant influencing factors in the fermentation conditions of high adhesion lactic acid bacteria and the optimal fermentation conditions were obtained. The results showed that a strain of Lactobacil⁃ lus reuteri Lac-R6 was isolated from chicken intestine and the adhesion efficiency in vitro was 29.47%. The survival rate in the simulated gastrointestinal fluid was 80.11% and it had a significant antibacterial effect on pathogenic E. coli 1.505 (P<0.05). The adhesion efficiency was significantly higher than that of other lactic acid bacteria isolates and it had good gastrointestinal tolerance and probiotic characteristics. The fermentation conditions of Lactobacillus reuteri L6 were optimized. The optimal fermentation conditions were as follows: initial pH 6.73, yeast extract powder addition 6.63 g/L, and glucose addition 28.85 g/L. The number of effective living bacteria could reach 8.56 × 109 CFU/mL by optimization. Lactobacillus reuteri L6 that isolated from chicken intestine is a high-adhesion host-derived lactic acid bacteria with good colonization advantages and probiotic properties which helps it to play a probiotic role in the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eutectogels have attracted increasing attention from researchers due to their broad application potential, good environmental stability, biocompatibility, and low cost. Currently reported eutectogels generally show large residue strain and hysteresis, which will cause output signal inconsistency between the loading and unloading processes and is not conducive to accurate strain monitoring. Besides, the low adhesiveness of available eutectogels brings about difficulties in the installation of the sensors and dynamic interfacial stability between the sensors and human skin. Herein, a dual ion regulation strategy is proposed to obtain eutectogels with high resilience, high adhesiveness, ultralow residue strain, wide temperature adaptability (−20–60 °C) and good environmental stability. Strain sensors based on gradient eutectogels exhibit high sensitivity, a wide linear response range, and good cycling stability. The response curve shows negligible electrical hysteresis, providing consistent output signals at the fixed strain regardless of stretch or release. Accurate micrometry with a step as minute as 50 µm is realized. Moreover, the sensors demonstrate higher signal intensity and stability in human physiological signals and motion detection due to the strong interfacial bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve efficient adhesion and slow release of ethylicin on the surface of crops, research was conducted on the organosilicon-chitosan high-adhesion sustained-release system loaded with ethylicin. The basic organosilicon emulsion is prepared by hydrosilylation of silicone oil containing hydrogen and acrylic acid. Ethylicin was uniformly mixed with organosilicon molecules through hydrophobic interactions. Finally, through the electrostatic assembly between chitosan amino groups and organosilicon carboxyl groups, the organosilicon/chitosan composite emulsion loaded with ethylicin was prepared. The leaf wetting and adhesion, stability, particle size, Zeta potential, microstructure, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, release rate, bacteriostatic activity, and the control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt of the composite emulsion were observed. The results showed that the organosilicon/chitosan composite emulsion SA6@EC8 loaded with ethylicin was the optimized formulation: the contact angle on tobacco leaf was 14.9º and the surface tension was 20.17 mN/m, showing good wetting performance and good extension on the vertical tobacco leaf surfaces; no layering or precipitation was observed after cold and thermal storage for 14 days, with a Zeta potential of + 24.7 mV, an average hydrated particle size of 3.17 μm, an average dry particle size of 750 nm; the emulsion particles were monodisperse under a microscope; the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of the composite emulsion for ethylicin reached 94.7% and 55.2%, respectively, and the cumulative release rates of ethylicin at 24, 72, and 144 h were 55.4%, 75.5%, and 82.3%, respectively, exhibiting a fast-toslow controlled release characteristic. SA6@EC8 showed excellent plate inhibition activity against Escherichia coli and the pathogenic bacterium of tobacco bacterial wilt - Ralstonia solanacearum. Field trials showed that SA6@EC8 achieved a relative control efficacy of 38.5% against tobacco bacterial wilt. Meanwhile, it was found that spraying SA6@EC8 emulsion on tobacco leaves with a yellowing area of less than 10% makes the leaves turn green after 5 days. However, no such phenomenon was observed when the yellowing area exceeds 50%. In this study, a composite emulsion comprised of organosilicon and chitosan loaded with ethylicin, was successfully developed, which endowed this the ethylicin formulation with exceptional adhesive capability and sustained release performance, achieving good efficacy in preventing and managing bacterial wilt of tobacco, thereby presenting broad applications prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretchable devices function at the biology/electrode interface, depending on the excellent conformality between electronic components and nonplanar surfaces. Various polymeric architecture‐based sensing platforms have been extensively explored for physiological signal readout, however, poor interfacial adhesion coupled with low mechanical characteristics lead to easy interfacial debonding. Herein, a novel adhesive capable of rapid gelation, strong adhesion, and high toughness, achieved through a polymerization‐induced phase‐separation strategy is reported. In this design, the cosolvent and polar polymer serve as amorphous and crystalline domains, respectively, with mechanical performances readily modulable by altering the formulation, ultimately reach toughness on par with elastomers. Remarkably, the adhesive undergoes a rapid sol–gel transition within several seconds, displaying strong adhesion, and high interfacial toughness on diverse substrates. Capitalizing on its enduring adhesion to wet tissues, a wearable electronic device capable of real‐time sweat monitoring during exercise is developed. To showcase its practical application, a portable and battery‐free sensing system is designed to further demonstrate various vertebral postures, aiding the regulation of physiological activities. This study not only pioneers the preparation of novel adhesives with excellent adhesion and high toughness but also paves the way for wearable devices in the era of Internet‐of‐Things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive hydrogel is considered a promising wearable sensor material. Developing flexible conductive hydrogel sensors with stretchability, adhesion, and stability remains challenging. In this study, a transparent, self‐adhesive, antifreeze, anti‐UV, stretchable, conductive, and reusable hydrogel with polyacrylamide/glycerol/gelatin/tannic acid/Fe3+ (PGGT‐Fe3+) structure is successfully constructed through a simple one‐pot polymerization method. The PGGT‐Fe3+ hydrogel is composed of dual networks of polyacrylamide and gelatin for organic cross‐linking, using water/glycerol as the dispersion medium, and incorporates a viscous substance: tannic acid, and a conductive substance: metal ions (Fe3+). Due to the introduction of the abundant amino, carboxylic acid, and hydroxyl functional groups on gelatin and tannic acid, the PGGT‐Fe3+ hydrogel exhibits excellent and repeatable adhesion capabilities on various surfaces (including glass, metal, plastic, and pigskin) with maximum adhesion strength of 98 kPa when attached to pigskin. Furthermore, based on the stable conductive network and high conductivity, the hydrogel not only exhibits strain sensitivity, fast response, and stability but also can stably collect epidermal bio signals. In conclusion, this work provides a new approach to the design and development of next‐generation multifunctional conductive hydrogels and opens up vast possibilities for their applications in the flexible electronics field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annulus fibrosus (AF) plays a crucial role in the biomechanical loading of intervertebral disc (IVD). AF is difficult to self-heal when the annulus tears develop, because AF has a unique intricate structure and biologic milieu in vivo. Tissue engineering is promising for repairing AF rupture, but construction of suitable mechanical matching devices or scaffolds is still a grand challenge. To deeply know the varied forces involved in the movement of the native annulus is highly beneficial for designing biomimetic scaffolds to recreate the AF function. In this review, we overview six freedom degrees of forces and adhesion strength on AF tissue. Then, we summarize the mechanical modalities to simulate related forces on AF and to assess the characteristics of biomaterials. We finally outline some current advanced techniques to develop mechanically adaptable biomaterials for AF rupture repair.

It is of great significance to design epoxy coatings with superior antibacterial properties and high adhesive properties, as well as excellent processing, superior durability, and high transparency. However, it is still a challenge because of the common complex design and synthesis. Herein, the bio-based monomer protocatechuic acid (PCA) was used as raw material, the catechol structure with high bonding and antibacterial properties was introduced into the flexible alkane segment of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) through an efficient, and green method, and it was cured with isophorone diamine (IPDA) to prepare corresponding thermosets. The cured resins exhibited excellent all-around qualities, particularly in bonding and antibacterial. When 30% PCA was added to pure epoxy resin, the adhesion between substrate and coating increased from 4.40 MPa to 13.60 MPa and the antibacterial rate of coating against E. coli and S. aureus could approach 100%. All of this is due to the fact that the catechol structure present in PCA has the ability to interact with various substrates and alter the permeability of bacterial cell membranes. The architecture of this method offers a fresh approach to dealing with the issues of challenging raw material selection and complex synthesis techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid flows at the solid surface and drains at the margin under gravity are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Previous research mainly focuses on the effect of substantial margin's wettability on liquid pinning and has proved that hydrophobicity inhibits liquids from overflowing margins while hydrophilicity plays the opposite role. However, the effect of solid margins' adhesion properties and their synergy with wettability on the overflowing behavior of water and resultant drainage behaviors are rarely studied, especially for large-volume water accumulation on the solid surface. Here, we report the solid surfaces with high-adhesion hydrophilic margin and hydrophobic margin stably pin the air-water-solid triple contact lines at the solid bottom and solid margin, respectively, and then drain water faster through stable water channels termed water channel-based drainage over a wide range of water flow rates. The hydrophilic margin promotes the overflowing of water from top to bottom. It constructs a stable "top + margin + bottom" water channel, and a high-adhesion hydrophobic margin inhibits the overflowing from margin to bottom and constructs a stable "top + margin" water channel. The constructed water channels essentially decrease marginal capillary resistances, guide top water onto the bottom or margin, and assist in draining water faster, under which gravity readily overcomes the surface tension resistance. Consequently, the water channel-based drainage mode achieves 5–8 times faster drainage behavior than the no-water channel drainage mode. The theoretical force analysis also predicts the experimental drainage volumes for different drainage modes. Overall, this article reveals marginal adhesion and wettability-dependent drainage modes and provides motivations for drainage plane design and relevant dynamic liquid-solid interaction for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The coating forms a distinctive intumescent char layer at 180 °C. • The coating offered fire protection for PP, wood, PUF, rubber, paper, and steel. • The coated PP achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating, LOI value of 46.1 %, and TTI of 525 s. • The coated steel kept the temperature beneath 229 °C after 60 min at 1100 °C. • The coating maintains high transparency and strong adhesion. Inspired by the caramelization of sugar, which forms a viscous, nonflammable substance at around 150 °C, we developed a bio-based, intumescent fire-resistant coating. Comprising hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC), phytic acid (PA), and magnesium gluconate (MgG), this coating underwent rapid dehydration and charring expansion upon exposure to fire at ca. 180 °C, expanding ∼137 times to create a protective honeycomb char layer that shields substrates from oxygen and heat. Importantly, this coating enhanced fire resistance for polypropylene (PP), rubber, polyurethane foam (PUF), wallpaper, and wood, while maintaining transparency and strong adhesion. Typically, the coating (200 μm) reduced the heat release rate of PP by 63.7 %, extending the time to ignition from 34 s to 525 s. Furthermore, the 1200 μm thick coating slowed the slow rise of backside temperature on the steel plate, keeping it beneath 229 °C after being exposed to a butane torch flame at 1100 °C for 60 min. This eco-friendly innovation promises advanced fire protection and opens new avenues for sustainable, high-performance fire-resistance coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional bioactive PCP hydrogel with excellent adhesion, self-healing, photo-thermal conversion, antioxidation and antibacterial properties as a promise wound dressing. [Display omitted] • PVA/chitosan/PDA composite hydrogels were prepared through a facile and green freeze/thaw process. • PDA endowed the composite hydrogel with high adhesion and free radical scavenging capability. • Chitosan and PDA provided a dual antimicrobial property under NIR irradiation. An ideal wound dressing should possess self-healing, adhesion and adequate mechanical properties, as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial and biocompatible characteristics. In this study, we developed a self-healing highly adhesive, bioactive multifunctional composite hydrogel (PCP) with dual antimicrobial functions. The hydrogel was constructed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS) and polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA) to achieve rapid wound healing. The one-pot method was utilized to blend these three raw materials at 95 °C, followed by the preparation of PCP with a dual physical network structure through a green freeze/thaw process. The incorporation of PDA nanoparticles not only endowed the hydrogel with excellent adhesion properties (46.7 kPa), photothermal properties (57.6 ℃, 0.6 W·cm−2), and DPPH scavenging ability (88.2 %), but also achieved more than 92 % inhibition against both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in synergistic effect with the bioantimicrobial agent CS (PCP3). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of P, PC, and PCP hydrogels exhibited a dense and permeable pore structure, which facilitates the absorption and removal of wound exudate. Furthermore, thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis demonstrated that PCP hydrogels displayed good thermal stability. In vitro cytotoxicity test on human fibroblasts (L929 cells) indicated that all the hydrogels possessed superior cytocompatibility, with a maximum survival of 101 % for L929 cells. Additionally, cell scratch test confirmed that the hydrogel promotes cell migration, thereby accelerating wound healing. These results suggest that the bioactive multifunctional hydrogel holds significant potential as a wound dressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the challenges of mass production and extensive application of superhydrophobic coatings, focusing on adhesion and durability. We propose an innovative solution utilizing screen printing and UV curing techniques, offering a simple, replicable, and scalable process. Our two-step strategy involves applying a polyurethane diacrylate (PUA-2) adhesion layer to the glass surface through screen printing and UV curing to ensure superior adhesion. Next, a polyurethane hexaacrylate (PUA-6) based formulation is applied over the adhesion layer and subjected to light curing, resulting in excellent hydrophobicity, scratch resistance, and corrosion resistance. This method withstands a pullout force exceeding 5 MPa, achieving a water contact angle of 164.3° and a sliding angle of 1.6°. The coating maintains favorable superhydrophobicity after 80 rounds of sandpaper friction and demonstrates promising corrosion resistance in a 3.5 % NaCl solution. Notably, this approach streamlines large-scale production and delivers exceptional, well-defined performance, providing a promising avenue for widespread and sustainable applications of superhydrophobic coatings. [Display omitted] • Polyurethane acrylate (PUA) coating is made via screen printing & UV curing. • Double-layer PUA coatings reveal a CA of 164.3º and SA of 1.6º. • Superhydrophobic PUA coatings show strong adhesion and durability. • Anti-corrosion of coatings can reach 99.31 % corrosion protection efficiency. • Techniques are suitable for large-scale production of superhydrophobic coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-value utilization of lignin for preparing high performance and multifunctional waterborne polyurethane (WPU) is a fascinating subject but still a challenge due to its low reactivity. Herein, highly reactive lignin with low molecular weight of 1398 Da and high hydroxyl groups of 12 mmol/g was employed as biopolyol to directly polymerize with isocyanate to prepare lignin-based WPU (LWPU). The integration of lignin to polymer backbone was conducive to the construction of strong H-bond interactions and more rigid hard-segment-rich domains, achieving uniform and stable LWPU emulsions. When the lignin substitution amount was 40 %, the mechanical strength, Young's modulus and toughness of the formed LWPU-40 films were improved to 12.51 and 272.25 MPa, 28.54 KJ/m3, increased by 13, 84 and 17 times than those of WPU, respectively, meanwhile the elongation at break was 370.44 %. Moreover, LWPU as coatings possessed fast film-forming ability, high adhesion strength, waterproofness and UV protection. Compared with commercial WPU (C-WPU), the surface and through drying time of LWPU-40 coating were shortened by 2 and 1.6 times, respectively. Moreover, the adhesive strength of LWPU-40 increased to 44.79 MPa, and could maintain initial 87.3 % after 48 h of water immersion. Therefore, this work proposes a novel insight of high-value utilization of lignin, simultaneously presents a feasible approach to develop high performance and multifunctional WPU coatings. [Display omitted] • Highly reactive lignin was directly integrated into polymer backbone. • Lignin induced hierarchical H-bonds and hard-segment-rich domains. • Emulsions possessed good uniformity and stability with more than 6 months. • Tensile strength, modulus and toughness were increased by 13, 84 and 17 times. • LWPU showed fast curing, high adhesive and waterproof performances as coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-fidelity wireless electrophysiological monitoring is essential for ambulatory healthcare applications. Soft solid-like hydrogels have received significant attention as epidermal electrodes because of their tissue-like mechanical properties and high biocompatibility. However, it is challenging to develop a hydrogel electrode that provides robust contact and high adhesiveness with glabrous skin and hairy scalp for high-fidelity, continuous electrophysiological signal detection. Here, a paintable, fast gelation, highly adhesive, and conductive hydrogel is engineered for high-fidelity wireless electrophysiological monitoring. The hydrogel, consisting of gelatin, gallic acid, sodium citrate, lithium chloride, glycerol, and Tris-HCl buffer solution exhibits a reversible thermal phase transition capability, which endows it with the attributes of on-skin applicability and fast in situ gelation with 15 s, thereby addressing the aforementioned limitations. The introduction of gallic acid enhances the adhesive properties of the hydrogel, facilitating secure electrode attachment to the skin or hairy scalp. To accentuate the potential applications in at-home electrophysiological health monitoring, the hydrogel electrodes are demonstrated for high-fidelity electrocardiogram recording for one hour during various daily activities, as well as in simultaneous electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram recording during a 30 min nap., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The exploration of reprocessability and high-adhesion biomass polymer coatings is in line with the concept of green materials and is conducive to energy conservation and environmental protection. Here, a series of novel recyclable tung oil–based polymer coatings based on dual cross-linked dynamic covalent networks were reported. Tung oil polymerized maleic anhydride (TOA) was firstly prepared and further reacted with furfuryl alcohol. Then tung oil-polymerized maleic furanol ester (TOAFA) containing reactive conjugated double bond and carboxyl groups was prepared. FTIR and 1H NMR demonstrated the reactive monomer TOAFA was successfully synthesized. Then TOAFA was cross-linked with bismaleimide and different epoxy resins to fabricate target polymer networks based on dynamic Diels-Alder(D-A) bonds and dynamic transesterification. The shape memory, reprocessing, and mechanical and thermal stability of the copolymerized systems with different crosslinking states were investigated. The coating performances were characterized with solvent resistance, adhesion strength, hardness and glossiness tests. It was found that the dynamic D-A covalent bonds were perfectly combined with transesterification in the polymerization systems. The copolymerized systems possessed excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties. The rigid and flexible properties of the polymer networks can be controlled by adjusting the component weight ratios and the type of epoxy resin in the polymerization system. The rigid polymerization system had the highest tensile strength of 28 MPa, and its elongation at break was up to 57 % of the flexible polymerization system. Coating adhesion test showed the adhesion property reached level 1. The polymer coatings displayed excellent solvent corrosion resistance, and relative high gloss. The polymer networks also showed certain reprocessing performance and excellent shape memory effect. [Display omitted] • A new dual dynamic bond crosslinked network was constructed. • A novel reprocessable shape memory polymer was prepared. • A high adhesion tung oil-derived coating was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive hydrogel-based electronic skins (e-skins) have attracted great attentions in health monitoring, human-machine interactions, and soft devices. Yet, broad challenges still remain in manufacturing of high-performance units, ingenious assembly of devices and developing of multimodal applications. Here, a typical strategy of combined covalent crosslinking and dynamic non-covalent interaction (multiple hydrogen bonds and electrostatic complexation) is used to prepare the ultra-durable polyacrylic acid (PAA)/ chitosan (CS)/ Ti 3 C 2 T x (MXene) conductive hydrogel. It exhibits matched modulus for human skin, subtle mechanical hysteresis behavior (η=0.27% of 200% stretch, energy loss coefficient), great fatigue-resistant stability (>99%, 400% strain), robust interface adhesion (∼30 kPa) and essential biocompatibility. Benefited of such high performance, a series of hydrogel-based devices are further assembled to demonstrate the multi-mode and multi-scenario applications, including the strain and temperature sensors, triboelectric nanogenerator. Clearly, thereby this work provides a new toolbox for the rational design of high-performance hybrid hydrogel, and points out a general route for further hydrogel-based device assembly and multimodal applications. [Display omitted] • Conductive hydrogel is well-designed through interpenetrating molecular networks and hydrogen bond engineering. • Conductive hydrogel has high adhesion, skin-matched modulus, hysteresis-free and fatigue-resistant features. • Hydrogel electrode supports strain and temperature sensing, and TENG applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid flows at the solid surface and drains at the margin under gravity are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Previous research mainly focuses on the effect of substantial margin’s wettability on liquid pinning and has proved that hydrophobicity inhibits liquids from overflowing margins while hydrophilicity plays the opposite role. However, the effect of solid margins’ adhesion properties and their synergy with wettability on the overflowing behavior of water and resultant drainage behaviors are rarely studied, especially for large-volume water accumulation on the solid surface. Here, we report the solid surfaces with high-adhesion hydrophilic margin and hydrophobic margin stably pin the air-water-solid triple contact lines at the solid bottom and solid margin, respectively, and then drain water faster through stable water channels termed water channel-based drainage over a wide range of water flow rates. The hydrophilic margin promotes the overflowing of water from top to bottom. It constructs a stable “top + margin + bottom” water channel, and a high-adhesion hydrophobic margin inhibits the overflowing from margin to bottom and constructs a stable “top + margin” water channel. The constructed water channels essentially decrease marginal capillary resistances, guide top water onto the bottom or margin, and assist in draining water faster, under which gravity readily overcomes the surface tension resistance. Consequently, the water channel-based drainage mode achieves 5–8 times faster drainage behavior than the no-water channel drainage mode. The theoretical force analysis also predicts the experimental drainage volumes for different drainage modes. Overall, this article reveals marginal adhesion and wettability-dependent drainage modes and provides motivations for drainage plane design and relevant dynamic liquid-solid interaction for various applications.

Developing bio‐multifunctional patches with natural extracellular matrix‐like structures, excellent high adhesion in the wet state, self‐healing ability, antibacterial activity, and favorable cell responses for accelerating tissue healing is highly desirable in clinical applications. Herein, bio‐multifunctional composite hydrogels are developed by coupling carboxymethyl chitosan and 4‐arm poly (ethylene glycol) aldehyde for full‐thickness abdominal wall defect repair. The prepared hydrogels exhibit excellent self‐healing and mechanical properties, high adhesion in the wet state, and significant antibacterial ability. In vitro cellular experiments show that the hydrogels combined with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor remarkably promote cell proliferation and then accelerate full‐thickness abdominal wall defect repair in a rat model. The histomorphological evaluation shows that compared to the commercial polypropylene mesh used clinically, the designed hydrogel patches facilitate an increase in the thickness and integrity of the abdominal wall tissue by upregulating the production of Ki67, enhancing the formation of collagen, inducing neovascularization, and inhibiting inflammation by reducing the expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β. The results demonstrate that this novel bio‐multifunctional hydrogel patch holds great potential for the treatment of full‐thickness abdominal wall defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel showed potential applications in bioengineering and wearable sensors fields. It is still a huge challenge to prepare highly adhesive yet strong poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with good biocompatibility. Herein, we prepared a highly self-adhesive and strong poly (vinyl alcohol)/tannic acid@cellulose nanocrystals (PVA/TA@CNCs) composite hydrogel using TA@CNCs as functional nanofiller via facile freezing-thawing method. Multiple networks consisting of hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions endowed the hydrogel with high mechanical strength, excellent flexibility and fracture toughness with adequate energy dissipation mechanism and relatively dense network structure. The tensile strength of PVA/TA@CNCs hydrogel reached the maximum of 463 kPa, increasing by 367 % in comparison with pure PVA hydrogel (99 kPa), demonstrating the synergistic reinforcing and toughening effect of TA@CNCs. The hydrogel exhibited extremely high adhesion not only for various dry and wet substrates such as plastic, metal, Teflon, rubber, glass, leaf, but also sweaty human skin, showing good adhesion durability. The highest adhesion strength to silicone rubber, steel plate and pigskin could reach 197 kPa, 100 kPa and 46.9 kPa, respectively. Meanwhile the hydrogel had negligible cytotoxicity to cells and showed good biocompatibility. • Highly adhesive yet strong PVA composite hydrogel was prepared via a facile method. • TA@CNCs as was prepared by formation of Fe3+-hydroxyl groups coordination. • Multiple networks of hydrogen bonding and coordination formed in the hydrogel. • PVA/TA@CNCs hydrogel reached 463 kPa for tensile strength and 197 kPa for adhesion. • The hydrogel showed negligible cytotoxicity to cells and good biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurea has found applications in protective coatings. Yet, the too fast polymerization and lack of functions limit its application. Herein, we report a high-performance polyurea via the stepwise polymerization of an isocyanate (NCO)-terminated prepolymer consisting of poly(propylene glycol)- block -poly(ethylene glycol)- block -poly(propylene glycol) (PPG- b -PEG- b -PPG) with a nanocluster synthesized via the hydrolysis of N -phenylaminomethyltriethoxysilane. Such a nanocluster contains low-reactivity secondary amines, so the polymerization of polyurea can be slowed down (over 1 h), which improves its wetting and adhesion to a substrate. The residual silanol groups on the nanocluster further increase the adhesion. Such polyurea exhibits high adhesion on various substrates, including glass, ceramic, steel, copper, titanium, wood, and natural rubber (∼2.35-14.64 MPa). Besides, the nanoclusters can cross-link the prepolymer into a tough network, endowing the polyurea with a high mechanical strength of ∼25 MPa, much higher than the traditional polyaspartic ester polyurea. On the other hand, the PEG segments enable the polyurea to have good fouling resistance against proteins (fibrinogen absorption was reduced by over 90%), bacteria (RBA of S. aureus E. coli and Pseudomonas sp. was less than 10%), as well as diatom (diatom density was less than 100 cells/mm 2 ). The polyurea is expected to find applications in biomedical engineering and marine antifouling.

Copyright of Silicone Material is the property of Silicone Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Graphical abstract This methodology solved the problem that original edible super-hydrophobic coating could not go through the process of high temperature sterilization, and widened the potential applications of functional food packaging. Abstract Edible super-hydrophobic coatings have attracted great attentions as they can avoid the waste of liquid foods, such as honey and milk, adhered to the inside of containers. However, the poor thermal stabilities of edible super-hydrophobic coatings restrict their applications. In this work, a thermo-resistant edible super-hydrophobic coating has been fabricated using beeswax and coffee, which are approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration. This coating surface has the similar micro/nanoscale structure to that of the leaf surface. A variety of liquid foods can freely roll on this coating surface in spherical. This special wetting property effectively reduces the residue of liquid foods, when they are poured out of the containers. With the introduction of coffee lignin, the thermal stability and adhesive force of the coating increases significantly. The apparent contact angle of this coating can remain to be above 150° after a long-time heating and flushing. This thermo-resistant edible super-hydrophobic coating can solve the problem that original edible super-hydrophobic coating is not resistant to high temperature, and has a broad application prospect in the field of functional food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Planar Ag dendrites were fabricated through a combination of ALD and rolling. • The adhesion of planar Ag dendrites is significantly improved. • Planar Ag dendrites can endure prolonged and violent shocks. • Planar silver dendrites exhibit excellent SERS performance. • Internal information of fruit can be obtained using highly adherent planar Ag dendrites. Considerable efforts have been dedicated to the development of low-cost and highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, which have found applications in numerous fields. However, the critical factors of adhesion and stability have been insufficiently addressed. Such as Ag dendrites (Ag D) have been recognized for their cost-effectiveness and superior efficiency as SERS substrates, nonetheless, the issue of weak adhesion to the substrate has remained a challenge. Herein, a novel strategy to fabricate a Planar Ag dendrites-based SERS substrate with high adhesion is reported, that employs a combination of atomic layer deposition, roll milling, and chemical etching. The resulting Planar Ag dendrites show excellent adhesion, with a surface stripping force 18 times greater than that of pristine Ag dendrites, allowing for prolonged ultrasonic cleaning. Moreover, the substrate can be used as an insertable SERS sensor to obtain spectral information inside apples due to its excellent adhesion. The proposed design achieves high SERS sensitivity, with a limit of detection of 10-9 M and an analytical enhancement factor of 1.5 × 108 for R6G. Overall, this work provides a valuable reference for improving the adhesion of noble metal nanostructures on supporting substrates, offering a reliable SERS substrate for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a high adhesion and zero aldehyde starch-based adhesive was reported to replace the traditional urea-formaldehyde adhesive. The adhesive was prepared by polycondensation reaction of the aldehyde group of the oxidized starch and the amino group of urea. Then, konjac glucomannan (KGM), milk protein (MP) and Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were combined to modify the prepared adhesive. Thus, the issues of free formaldehyde emission of urea-formaldehyde adhesive and poor water resistance and adhesion of starch adhesive were fundamentally solved. Through a series of study of process conditions and tests, the adhesive had excellent comprehensive performance with the viscosity of 2200 mPa·s, the water resistance time of 50.0 d, the dry shear strength of 3.20 MPa and the wet shear strength of 1.81 MPa when the total mass of modifier was 17.7 (wt% U-OSt). The morphology, molecular structure, crystalline structure, elemental analysis, thermal conversion behaviours of the adhesive were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). • A new adhesive substitute for urea-formaldehyde was proposed. • The formaldehyde emission and low VOC emission of urea-formaldehyde with adhesive. • Konjac glucomannan, milk protein and glycidyl methacrylate composite modification. • Excellent adhesion and water resistance with adhesive. • A structure of encapsulation by microcapsules was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The shear thinning effect suppresses large scratch generation. • The shear thinning effect produces a sticky state that promotes self-healing. • Introduction of interfacial coupling groups increases adhesion strength. • Functional partition structure increases the long-term durability of coatings. The application of self-healing polymers in anti-corrosion coatings is restricted by their nonautonomous healing ability and poor long-term durability. In this paper, we propose a functional partition strategy assisted by the shear thinning effect to overcome the above restriction. The shear thinning effect was achieved by preparing a branched ethyl acrylate-acrylonitrile copolymer (B-PEA). The B-PEA coating exhibits multiple autonomous self-healability at room temperature (1.5 h) and in a salt solution (2 h), with a high adhesion strength of 3.4 MPa. To further improve the performance, a functional partition architecture combining superhydrophobic barrier and self-healing multilayers was constructed. The introduction of the superhydrophobic barrier layer largely increases the low-frequency impedance modulus | Z | f-0.01Hz and salt solution resistance time to 3.9 × 1010 Ω⋅cm2 and 3600 h, respectively, compared to a pristine B-PEA coating. The introduction of the B-PEA layer provides the barrier layer with room-temperature self-healing ability (2 h), and increases the long-term | Z | f-0.01Hz and salt solution resistance time in the presence of scratches to 7.7 × 109 Ω⋅cm2 and > 3600 h, respectively. The as-prepared superhydrophobic anti-corrosion coating system combines long-term durability and room-temperature autonomous self-healability in harsh salt-solution environments, and thus has a high potential for anti-corrosion applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic wound is considered as a kind of chronic wound prone to infection and difficult to repair due to high glucose level in the blood of patients. In this research, a biodegradable self-healing hydrogel with mussel inspired bioadhesion and anti-oxidation properties is fabricated based on Schiff-base cross-linking. The hydrogel was designed from dopamine coupled pectin hydrazide (Pec-DH) and oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) for mEGF loading as a diabetic wound repair dressing. The Pectin and CMC as natural feedstock endowed the hydrogel with biodegradability to avoid possible side effects, while the coupled catechol structure could enhance the tissue adhesion of the hydrogel for hemostasis. The results showed the Pec-DH/DCMC hydrogel formed fast and can cover irregular wounds with good sealing effect. The catechol structure also improved the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability of the hydrogel, which can eliminate the negative effect of ROS during wound healing. The in vivo diabetic wound healing experiment revealed the hydrogel as mEGF loading vehicle greatly enhanced the diabetic wound repairing rate in mice model. As a result, the Pec-DH/DCMC hydrogel could show advantages as EGF carrier in wound healing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ganoderma lucidum spores (GLSs) have been suggested to provide optimal structures for transporting orally bioavailable drugs. However, the double-layer wall and cavities of GLSs are naturally closed. This study aimed to modify GLSs into porous carriers by opening the layers and internal cavity with iturin A (IA) followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) or hydrochloric acid (HCl). The (IA + KOH)- and (IA + HCl)-treated GLS carriers exhibited a high loading rate of 301.50 ± 2.33 and 268.18 ± 7.72 mg/g for the hydrophilic methylene blue (MB) and hydrophobic rifampicin (RF), respectively. The mechanisms underlying the modification involved the enhancement of the specific surface area with IA and the exposure of hydrophilic groups or hydrophobic groups of the GLSs with KOH or HCl. The sustained 48-h molecule-release profiles of the MB- and RF-loaded GLS carriers were best fitted using a first-order kinetics model in simulated gastric (or intestinal) fluid compared with other models. In mice, the designed GLS carriers had high adhesion capacities onto the mucosa of the digestive tract and long retention times (120 h), and even promoted the secretion of mucus and expression of several key intestinal barrier proteins. This study provided a new method to modify GLSs into oral carriers with selective drug affinity, high loading capacity, sustained drug release, and high adhesion to the digestive tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biomimetic structured graphene film (G film) with super hydrophobicity and high adhesion was successful fabricated on stainless steel (SS) surface by laser process and graphene transfer. Rose petal-like microscale structure was readily created on SS due to laser induced ablation effect. Synchronously, G film fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) demonstrated hydrophobicity due to G film lacking in hydrophilic oxygen groups. Additionally, the G film was transferred onto the surface of an etched SS (ESS), during which time, successive spinning polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) could improve the combination of G film and the target substrate, reduce the surface folds. Moreover, the synergistic effect of rose petal-like microscale structure and the G film endowed the resultant graphene surface with unique hydrophobicity and high adhesion, which was used as a “mechanical hand” to transfer micro-droplets successfully. As a mask-free, chemical-free, and cost-effective method, the fabrication of super hydrophobic G film on SS by laser process and PMMA transfer technique may open up a new way to biomimetic graphene surfaces, and provide a novel strategy for achieving functional biomimetic surface based on petal effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robust surface geometrical structure not only enables a favorable practical application but also leads to a long-term reliability of superhydrophobic surfaces, and hence it is pivotal to find an effective route to improve the mechanical durability of superhydrophobic surfaces. This study reports a simple magnetron sputtering method to directly construct a robust rose petal-like copper surface with high water adhesion (petal effect). A stable surface micro/nanosphere topography combining with naturally low surface energy is spontaneously formed by the strain-induced-island growth of the copper films during the sputtering process. Further reduced surface energy by fluorosilane, the rose petal-like surface shows a high water contact angle (≈161.4°), effective adhesion force of ≈154 µN, and no-loss transportation critical droplet volume of ≈98 µL. In addition, as-prepared superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit superior mechanical stability according to the thermal shock (−40 °C/90 °C) for ≈500 cycles, water-impacting test for ≈6 h, and finger touch (≈20 times) as well as tape-peeling test (≈65 times) without losing superhydrophobicity. This work might provide a novel but simple way to directly and effectively fabricating robust superhydrophobic metallic surfaces for potential industrial applications, and can be easily extended to other metals and alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach has been proposed to enhance the flame retardancy of polypropylene (PP) by a flexible and highly efficient intumescent flame-retardant coating, avoiding the damage to intrinsic properties of PP caused by high loading of flame retardant additives. The flame-retarded PP specimen with a coating in an average thickness of 126 μm passed V0 rating at UL-94 test, whose limiting oxygen index (LOI) value reached up to 30.5 vol%. Its heat release rate (347 kW/m 2 ) was reduced by 71.2% comparing to pure PP, showing a satisfactory flame retardancy. More importantly, the smooth coating was flexible to deform with the substrate and could not fall off, due to strong adhesion and great mechanical properties. The mechanisms of flame retardancy and strong adhesion of the coating were fully demonstrated. In addition, the coating is anti-ultraviolet and water resistant. This approach will be promising for the development of intumescent flame-retardant coatings for plastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of superhydrophobic and highly oleophobic nanocomposites that are highly adhesive to substrates is a major challenge in surface-related technologies. In this study, litchi-like polystyrene (PS) particles were prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization with styrene (St) as monomer, KH-570 as crosslinking agent and KPS as initiator. Dual-sized litchi-like 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxy silane-SiO 2 -PS (PFDTES-SiO 2 -PS) particles was sol–gel synthesized using TEOS, PS, and PFDTES. Special superhydrophobic, highly oleophobic, and highly adhesive FDA-SiO 2 -PS (fluoride hdroxyl acrylate-resin-SiO 2 -PS copolymer) coatings were fabricated by embedding fluorosilane-modified litchi-like SiO 2 particles in fluoride hdroxyl acrylate-resin (FHA resin) followed by curing through cross-linking using free radical polymerization. The structure, surface morphology, and properties of the coatings were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements, and chemical analysis. The measured Ra roughness value was 181 nm for FDA-SiO 2 -PS coating. The fluorine-containing groups have a strong tendency to direct themselves to the coating surface, resulting in a superhydrophobic and highly oleophobic coating (water and CH 2 I 2 contact angles of 169.61° and 137.04°, respectively, and a water rolling angle of 4.35°) that is also highly adhesive to substrates (adhesion 5B). Exposing to air for 24 months, the coating possessed long air-stability with contact angles of 159.31° and 135.04° for water and CH 2 I 2 , independently. Furthermore, the FDA-SiO 2 -PS coating endows it with excellent antifouling and self-cleaning abilities, and resistance to E. coli and platelet adhesion; hence, FDA-SiO 2 -PS is a promising coating for use in biomedical and marine antifouling applications. [Display omitted] • Special superhydrophobic, highly oleophobic, and highly adhesive FDA-SiO2-PS coatings were prepared. • The superhydrophobic and highly oleophobic coating (water and CH2I2 contact angles of 169.61°and 137.04°, respectively). • The coating also highly adhesive to substrates (5B rating) and possessed long air-stability. • The FDA-SiO2-PS coating with excellent antifouling and self-cleaning abilities. • The coating resistance to E. coli and platelet adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel four-arc co-filter cathodic vacuum arc deposition technique which was optimized was introduced to deposit (AlCrMoTiV)N x high-entropy alloy nitride films that were corrosion-resistant, high hardness and adhesion. The effect of nitrogen on the microstructure, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of films was systematically investigated. As the N 2 gas flow rate continues to increase, the phase structure of the (AlCrMoTiV)N x films transforms from a body-centred cubic structure to an amorphous structure, and then to a nanocomposite structure with nano- crystallites embedded in the amorphous matrix. The hardness of the films is proportional to the ratio of N 2 :Ar and reaches maximum (34.08 GPa) at a ratio of 7:4. The adhesion of deposited films was higher than 20 N owing to the bombardment of the substrate by energetic ion beams during the deposition of coatings. The enhanced hardness at higher N contents is mainly gives rise to the combined effect of formation of strong metal‑nitrogen bonding, solid solution strengthening, the formation of the nanocomposite structure and ion beam assisted bombardment strengthening. Furthermore, the excellent corrosion resistance can be obtained by the (AlCrMoTiV)N x films. • AlCrMoTiV HEA nitride films were prepared by co-filter cathodic vacuum arc deposition. • Effect of gas flow ratio of N 2 :Ar on structure and properties of film was studied. • The phase structure changes from BCC to amorphous and then to nanocomposite structure. • (AlCrMoTiV)N x films prepared under N 2 :Ar = 7:4 show a high-hardness of 35.7 GPa. • AlCrMoTiV HEA nitride films show better corrosion resistance than 304 stainless steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annulus fibrosus (AF) plays a crucial role in the biomechanical loading of intervertebral disc (IVD). AF is difficult to self-heal when the annulus tears develop, because AF has a unique intricate structure and biologic milieu in vivo . Tissue engineering is promising for repairing AF rupture, but construction of suitable mechanical matching devices or scaffolds is still a grand challenge. To deeply know the varied forces involved in the movement of the native annulus is highly beneficial for designing biomimetic scaffolds to recreate the AF function. In this review, we overview six freedom degrees of forces and adhesion strength on AF tissue. Then, we summarize the mechanical modalities to simulate related forces on AF and to assess the characteristics of biomaterials. We finally outline some current advanced techniques to develop mechanically adaptable biomaterials for AF rupture repair., (© 2023 The Authors.)