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Objective: The purpose of this research is to find out the challenges and obstacles as well as strategies that can be used as an effort to utilize media and nationalism in border communities. Theoretical Framework: Agenda Setting Theory is used to see how the media influences people at the border then Used and Gratification Theory is used to see how people use the media at the border and Nationalism Theory is used to see the extent of Nationalism of people at the border. Methodology: The methodology used uses a qualitative or descriptive analysis method, by collecting and analyzing written text (literature study), from secondary data and primary data, using a national interest perspective. Result: Broadcasting media as a "window to the event" is able to present the outside world amidst the backwardness experienced by border communities, however, the lack of local broadcasting media, community broadcasting media and public broadcasting media, which operate in border areas, results in the lack of border residents getting balanced information, educational information, and information containing Indonesian cultural values. The influx of information from foreign media brings foreign information and culture that can cause border communities to become unfamiliar with their own culture. In the long run, the Indonesian nation will lose its sense of nationalism, the emergence of disintegration, political conflicts, and cultural shifts in border communities. Research, Pratical & Social Implication: The presence of mass media at the border is a means of communication and information for the community as well as social control and promotion for the development of national values. The lack of local media and the large number of external media that can be accessed at the border make border communities vulnerable to various issues and conflicts that tend to cause division, cause disintegration and loss of nationalism. The presence of public media and community media at

This research aims to uncover the commodification, spatialization, and structuration of Social Media within Cyber Media News in Indonesia. A critical perspective was used to conduct the study using a case study method. Through the use of Vincent Mosco political economy theory of media, the authors conclude that Tribunnews.com, the cyber media news, and the object of this research, makes social media a commodity and a content distribution channel, by involving all parts of the newsroom to utilize social media (structuration). The commodification of content is carried out by making information on social media an initial source for news production. Audience commodification by using the followers of social media accounts as a source of income. This was achieved by offering social media accounts to the advertisers to put their advertisement on official social media accounts. Through the use of social media, journalists are used by Tribunnews.com for profit. Utilization is carried out by distributing journalists' work to social media, and to other cyber media news included in the media group - without providing additional wages. Spatialization was carried out by using social media as a means of news distribution or amplification. The goal is to reach readers who mostly get their information through the Internet, including through smartphones and social media. Structuration achieved through the formation of a team dedicated to managing the use of social media in the production and distribution of news.

The public's interest in television programs is raised due to their function to increase education and protect the country from conflict or disharmony. According to the function of media, the media has three purposes: as a watchdog, a public forum, and media for public participation. The media also has the assignment to critique the government if they need to be released good regulations for the public. So the researchers are interested in exploring media content, especially television. This research analyzes the public perception of television programs such as news, talk shows, variety shows, infotainment, soap opera, religion, kids' programs, and tourism and culture. In collaboration with Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia (KPI), researchers collect program samples from television from August until December. To collect the data, we held a focus group discussion with eight informants from Universitas Padjadjaran who are experts in media, politics, religion, cinema, and content. The research results show that four programs have an index below the line. The programs include infotainment 2,81; variety shows 2,72; soap operas 2,83, and tourism and culture 2,43. Therefore, producers need to do more in-depth research before creating a show. It is useful for increasing the overall understanding of the target audience's tastes, preferences, characteristics, and knowledge level.

This research aims to uncover the commodification, spatialization, and structuration of Social Media within Cyber Media News in Indonesia. A critical perspective was used to conduct the study using a case study method. Through the use of Vincent Mosco political economy theory of media, the authors conclude that Tribunnews.com, the cyber media news, and the object of this research, makes social media a commodity and a content distribution channel, by involving all parts of the newsroom to utilize social media (structuration). The commodification of content is carried out by making information on social media an initial source for news production. Audience commodification by using the followers of social media accounts as a source of income. This was achieved by offering social media accounts to the advertisers to put their advertisement on official social media accounts. Through the use of social media, journalists are used by Tribunnews.com for profit. Utilization is carried out by distributing journalists’ work to social media, and to other cyber media news included in the media group—without providing additional wages. Spatialization was carried out by using social media as a means of news distribution or amplification. The goal is to reach readers who mostly get their information through the Internet, including through smartphones and social media. Structuration achieved through the formation of a team dedicated to managing the use of social media in the production and distribution of news.

The Indonesian government has informed television broadcasting industry since 2007 regarding the policy of migration from analog to digital technology by inviting television associations in joint meetings and discussion forums. However, the efforts that have been made by the government have not been able to make the television broadcasting industry have the same construction on the policy of television digitization to jointly realize it. This study aims to analyze and reveal the reality of the Indonesian government's communication to the television broadcasting industry regarding the policy on terrestrial television digitization. The method used is qualitative with the type of case study and constructivist paradigm. This study reveals that there is uncertainty with the reality of the Indonesian government's communication to the television broadcasting industry regarding terrestrial television digitization policies in 2007-2018, and there is no maximum time to explain issues about television digitization which are very technical. In addition, participatory communication is not fully carried out by the government to invite the television broadcasting industry to participate in the success of accelerating the terrestrial television digitization in Indonesia.

This research was motivated by the habit of Kupang middle school adolescents in watching television without the ability in media literacy. This research aimed to discover the problems faced in establishing the adolescents’ understanding of television literacy and the ways forward to overcome the issues. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study as a method. The results found five primary obstacles, namely the character of the parents and the teenagers in treating television literacy, the uneven distribution of media literacy socialization, the ineffective controlling function of KPID NTT, budget constraints, and broadcasting institutions. The solutions were NTT`s KPID collaborates with universities, schools, youth organizations, and creates critical media communities. The BP3A inserted relevant materials on media assistance and worked with the children's forum of Kupang City. AFB TV introduces the making process of television programs, and Kupang Christian Junior High School 1 invites NTT`s KPID to school., This research was motivated by the habit of junior high school teenagers in Kupang City on watching television without the media literacy ability. This study purpose was to discover the obstacle in building understanding of television media literacy and how to overcome it. This was a qualitative approach with a case study method. The results showed that the obstacles in building understanding of television media literacy are coming from parents and the teenagers themselves, the uneven distribution of media literacy socialization, the weakness of controlling functions from KPID, budget constraints, and the uninvolved of broadcasting institutions. The solution are NTT`s KPID collaborates with universities, schools, youth organizations, and creates critical media communities. The BP3A inserts important materials on media assistance and collaborates with children's forum of Kupang City. AFB TV introduces the making process of television programs and Kupang Christian Junior High School 1 invites NTT`s KPID to school.

Broadcast content is considered important, especially for radio network in Indonesia. However, it is often questioned because the media can be influenced and controlled by the owner. In this article, Prambors Radio’s broadcast content for Jakartan upper-class millennials is examined from the perspective of critical political economy. The theoretical approach is guided by the notion of "commodification" applied to business communication by Vincent Mosco and by the concept of "exploitation" based upon authors aligned with the critical approach in the field of media studies. Prambors holds a radio network spreading in nine regions with homogeneous and Jakarta-centric content. Prambors Radio, which was established in 1971, is a radio network targeting the widest millennials in Indonesia. Through in-depth interviews and broadcast content analysis, this article finds a distinct segmentation in upper-class millennials to reach all Indonesian millennials to increase the number of advertisers who are interested in buying broadcast time. This shows that the utilization of certain social class group characteristics that are translated into broadcast content is influenced by profit-oriented media owners.

The existence of communication media cannot be separated from everyday human life today. Social media provides extraordinary benefits for members of Aceh House of Representatives (DPRA) to get closer to its people. The use of social media to socialize the performance of board members, absorb aspirations and information from the public. The qualitative research method and the case study approach used in this study, this study intends to describe the use of social media in providing information related to the activities and performance of women legislative members in the DPRA in carrying out political communication in Aceh's local parliament. The results of the study conclude: 1). The importance of disseminating information on the performance of DPRA as part of the accountability of legislative members to the community that he represented. 2). The use of communication media provides both institutions and personal opportunities for their existence in carrying out their duties and functions in making qanun, supervision and budgeting. 3). There are diverse responses among women legislators in the management of communication media, especially social media, namely: a). A number of women legislators optimally utilizing this communication media, b). Some of these women legislators are still minimal in using social media to conduct political communication. c). There are women legislators who do not use this communication media properly and according to her the delivery of information to the media as "riya".

Even though the growth of radio networks in Indonesia has only reached number 15, these networks have branches in all major cities by transferring the ownership of local radios. Radio network is regulated but only in terms of quantity and share of ownership. Broadcast licenses are issued only for limited areas, but with the development of technology, broadcast coverage area becomes unlimited. The 2002 Indonesian Broadcasting Law No.32 manages the amount of local content percentage, and regulatory process and actions for violating local content regulations are difficult to do. The duality of regulatory authority between the Ministry of Communication and Informatics of the Republic of Indonesia and the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission causes the regulations to be very flexible, leaving gaps that tend to benefit radio owners and exclude public interests. This article investigates the extent of the implementation of the Indonesian Broadcasting Law on radio network in Indonesia. This study uses a critical paradigm to uncover the reality and criticism of the dominant system formed by a series of social, political, and economic factors. Mosco identifies the existence of relations between social agents and social practices in which structuration in the theory of political economy of the media means building relationships for the interests of the capitalists. This is reinforced by Antonio Gramsci’s concept of hegemony, stating that the authorities want to dominate profits. The discussion on networked radio in this article identifies that regulatory loopholes are used by established radio owner groups for opportunities to concentrate radio ownership nationally.