1. Adsorption-reduction behavior of hexavalent chromium on Fe3O4-graphene oxide surface with special implication on environmental remediation.
- Author
-
Guo, Ting and Bulin, Chaoke
- Subjects
- *
HEXAVALENT chromium , *IRON oxides , *ENVIRONMENTAL remediation , *CHROMIUM oxide , *CHROMIUM compounds , *GIBBS' free energy , *THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium - Abstract
Magnetic graphene hybrid has encouraging application in environmental remediation. Herein, adsorption-reduction behavior of Cr (Ⅵ) on Fe 3 O 4 -graphene oxide (Fe 3 O 4 -GO) surface was inspected via both theoretical and experimental methods. In the theoretical level, acidity impact on Cr (Ⅵ) species evolution and Cr (Ⅵ)→Cr (Ⅲ) reduction was investigated with the methodology of equilibrium thermodynamics. In the experimental level, adsorption fittings and spectroscopic tests (FTIR, UV–Vis, XPS) were performed to clarify the adsorbent-adsorbate interaction. Results indicate: (1) Under acidic condition, Cr (Ⅵ) is adsorbed by Fe 3 O 4 -GO in the form of H 2 CrO 4. Afterwards, over three-fifths of H 2 CrO 4 is reduced to Cr (Ⅲ), reaching adsorption percent and quantity 95.53 % and 382.10 mg g−1 in 10 min (2) Under basic condition, Cr (Ⅵ) is adsorbed in the form of CrO 4 2− without reduction. In the context of environmental remediation, two special implications are thereby procured. (1) Under acidic condition, Cr (Ⅵ) removal efficiency at the first cycle is maximized, while magnetic recovery is deteriorated, resulting in unsatisfactory cyclic performance. (2) Under basic condition, Cr (Ⅵ) removal efficiency is inferior to that under acidic condition, while magnetic recovery is guaranteed, leading to satisfactory cyclic performance. Exploration of this work provides reference especially for developing Fe 3 O 4 -GO architecture towards efficient sequestering of hexavalent chromium. Adsorption-reduction behavior of Cr (Ⅵ) on Fe 3 O 4 -GO surface(a) Illumination of redox reaction between Cr (Ⅵ) and Fe 3 O 4 given by thermodynamic calculation. Under acidic condition: spontaneous reaction H2CrO4+3Fe 2+ +6H + ⇌Cr 3+ +3Fe 3+ +4H2O owing to highly negative standard molar Gibbs free energy change. Under basic condition, non spontaneous reaction CrO4 2− +3Fe 2+ +4H2O⇌Cr(OH)4 - +3Fe 3+ +4OH − owing to highly positive standard molar Gibbs free energy change. (b) Adsorption-reduction behavior of Cr (Ⅵ) on Fe 3 O 4 -GO surface deciphered by Cr (Ⅵ) species distribution and XPS test. Under acidic condition: five small orange balls symbolizing H 2 CrO 4 adsorbed onto the surface of the big green ball representing Fe 3 O 4 -GO. Subsequently, three out of five small orange balls were transformed into small violet balls representing Cr3+, approaching the molar ratio Cr (Ⅲ)/Cr (Ⅵ) = 1.52 of the sample Fe 3 O 4 -GO-Cr as determined by XPS test (Fig. 8). The big blue ball represents Fe 3 O 4 -GO oxidized by H 2 CrO 4. Under basic condition: five small pink balls symbolizing CrO 4 2− adsorbed onto the surface of the big green ball representing Fe 3 O 4 -GO ensued by no reduction, as confirmed by thermodynamic analysis. [Display omitted] • Adsorption-reduction behavior of Cr (Ⅵ) on Fe 3 O 4 -graphene oxide surface is inspected. • In acidic media, H 2 CrO 4 is adsorbed, three-fifths of which is reduced to Cr (Ⅲ). • In basic media, CrO 4 2− is adsorbed without reduction. • Superior Cr (Ⅵ) removal efficiency but unsatisfactory cyclic performance in acidic media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF