1. Systemic toxicity eliciting metal ion levels from metallic implants and orthopedic devices - A mini review.
- Author
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Badhe RV, Akinfosile O, Bijukumar D, Barba M, and Mathew MT
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Heavy Metal Poisoning blood, Humans, Ions blood, Male, Metals blood, Middle Aged, Cardiotoxicity etiology, Heavy Metal Poisoning etiology, Ions toxicity, Metals toxicity, Prostheses and Implants adverse effects
- Abstract
The metal/metal alloy-based implants and prostheses are in use for over a century, and the rejections, revisions, and metal particle-based toxicities were reported concurrently. Complications developed due to metal ions, metal debris, and organo-metallic particles in orthopedic patients have been a growing concern in recent years. It was reported that local and systemic toxicity caused by such released products from the implants is one of the major reasons for implant rejection and revision. Even though the description of environmental metal toxicants and safety limits for their exposure to humans were well established in the literature, an effort was not adequately performed in the case of implant-based metal toxicology. Since the metal ion concentration in serum acts as a possible indicator of the systemic toxicity, this review summarizes the reported human serum safe limits, toxic limits, and concentration range (μg/L, ppb, etc.) for mild to severe symptoms of six (cardiac, hepatic, neuro, nephron, dermal and endocrine) systemic toxicities for twelve most commonly used metallic implants. It also covers the widely used metal ion quantification techniques and systemic toxicity treatments reported., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors report no declarations of interest., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2021
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