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Background: Long term peritoneal dialysis leads to peritoneal epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), angiogenesis, and ultrafiltration failure. Although recent evidence suggests that inhibiting STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) can prevent kidney fibrosis, and that STAT3 can enhance glucose metabolism, the effect of STAT3 in peritoneal fibrosis (PF) has not been clarified. Methods: Our study determined the effects of STAT3 on EMT and key glycolysis enzymes in mesothelial HMrSV5 cells by knockdown and overexpression of STAT3. In addition, we established a rat PF model to examine the role of pharmacologic inhibition of STAT3 or 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) in this process. Results: High glucose (HG) caused the upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor beta 1 and the downregulation of E-cadherin, and induced STAT3 activation in HMrSV5 cells. In addition, HMrSV5 cells cultured in high glucose showed high expression of key glycolysis enzymes, which could be inhibited by STAT3 siRNA. Furthermore, treating mesothelial cells with 3PO, the PFKFB3 inhibitor, could attenuate high glucose-induced EMT. Moreover, daily administration of dialysis fluid could induce peritoneal fibrosis. The peritoneal fibrosis was accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of STAT3 and the upregulation of PFKFB3. The administration of BP-1-102 or 3PO prevented fibrosis and inhibited angiogenesis in PF rats. Conclusions: si-STAT3 attenuated the HG-induced EMT and hyperglycolysis, and the overexpression of STAT3 could induce EMT in HMrSV5 cells. 3PO could markedly attenuate HG-induced EMT by decreasing PFKEB3 in HMrSV5 cells. In addition, we demonstrated that inhibiting STAT3 signaling or peritoneal hyperglycolysis could attenuate peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis in vivo. Our findings linked the STAT3/PFKFB3 signaling to the development of PF. HG/STAT3/PFKFB3 might promote the progression of PF through regulating profibrosis and angiogenesis.

We report herein a facile synthetic method for converting unactivated (hetero)aryl electrophiles into β-fluoroethylated (hetero)arenes via nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-couplings. This coupling reaction features the involvement of FCH2 CH2 radical intermediate rather than β-fluoroethyl manganese species which provides effective solutions to the problematic β-fluoride side eliminations. The practical value of this protocol is further demonstrated by the late-stage modification of several complex ArCl or ArOH-derived bioactive molecules.

In this paper, we consider the problem of routing interruption, which has received significant interest in recent years. To solve this problem, rerouting is an effective way. However, how to design an effective secure and applicable rerouting algorithm remains a significant challenge. To this end, we propose a fast rerouting framework for routing interruption. Our framework consists of two parts: (1) Diagnose routing interruption. We determine the location of interruption by directly interrogating the control plane IPv6 stack. (2) Implement fast rerouting. We propose the rerouting algorithm to make the router match and reroute all prefixes affected by interruptions. This paper updates the path only by adding a forwarding rule, thus the interruption recovery time is reduced. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation for our rerouting framework. Experimental results show that our method is better than FCP, OSPF and DLF in speed and accuracy.

Remote-sensing image registration is an important prerequisite for many remote-sensing applications. The accuracy, efficiency, and automatic degree of registration have direct impacts on follow-up applications. With the improving of remote-sensing resolution, the size and the data amount of remote-sensing image are constantly increasing. Meanwhile, with the development of remote-sensing application, the performance of registration is also put forward increasing requirement. Therefore, this paper proposes an automatic and fast image registration method based on the angle matching of edge point features (EPFs). First, the original image is transformed by the Haar wavelet to get the approximate image to improve the registration speed. Second, edges in different source images are extracted by different edge detectors. Then, edge line features are transformed into EPFs to get accurate positioning and stable features. Third, the initial matching point pairs (MPPs) are determined by the ratio—the minimum angle to the second minimum angle between feature vectors of EPFs—which is less than a threshold. Fourth, in order to enhance the registration accuracy, the random sample consensus is improved by adding the quality constraint condition to delete error MPPs. Finally, the block thought is used to uniformly choose MPPs to calculate the affine transform parameters, which avoids the local optimal problem and further improves the registration accuracy. Multiple high-resolution remote-sensing datasets of registration experimental results indicate that the proposed method is fast implemented and has high accuracy and effectiveness in processing efficiency.