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Aim: This study aimed at synthesizing, analyzing, and utilizing two new direct dyes based on chromene derivatives as the chromophoric moiety in dyeing wool, silk, and cotton, with good color strength, light fastness, and other desirable features. Background: New direct dyes with antimicrobial activities for Gram-positive, Gram-negative bac-teria, and fungus are being developed. These dyes are used on cotton, silk, and wool materials, which have excellent light fastness, washing, rubbing, and perspiration fastness. Methods: All dyeing fabrics were tested for antibacterial activity. As a part of the experiment, parent structure 1 was previously synthesized. Then, diazotization and coupling reactions were used to prepare these dyes. Results and Discussion: P-Aminobenzenesulfonic acid (C1) and 4-Aminoazobenzene-3,4'-disul-fonic acid (C2) were diazotized in hydrochloric acid with sodium nitrite and then coupled with compound 1 in a molar ratio of 1:1 at 25 °C until the pH was fixed at 5. Finally, the monoazo and diazo direct dyes (D1 and D2) were prepared. Conclusion: Wool, silk, and cotton materials benefit from the increased antibacterial activities and dyeing qualities (exhaustion and fixing) of synthetic dyes. Furthermore, they offer excellent fast-ness qualities (light, rubbing, and perspiration).

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to synthesize and characterize two new direct dyes based on chromenes derivatives. Background: The synthesis of carboxyethyl chitosan (CECS) by the reaction of chitosan and acrylic acid via Michael's addition reaction was conducted. Cotton fabrics were treated with CECS to enhance the exhaustion of dye, fastness properties, and antimicrobial activity of dyed fabric. Methods: Chitosan (CS) and acrylic acid were combined in Michael’s addition process to successfully produce N-carboxyethylchitosan (CECS). Then, the cotton was treated with different concentrations of carboxyethyl chitosan (0.5 – 5 wt.%) and then dyed by synthesized mono azo and diazo direct dyes based on chromene derivatives. Results and Discussion: The results regarding dyeing and antibacterial activity indicated high-quality dyeing properties, However, direct dyes showed higher exhaustion and fixation values, fastness properties, and the colorimetric CIE L*a*b* C*h° data of the dyed cotton fabric. Conclusion: Cotton fabrics treated with carboxyethyl chitosan and dyed with direct dyes were found to have higher antibacterial activity upon a concentration of 2.5 wt.%. In addition, the antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive bacteria was reported to be more than Gram-negative bacteria.

Proteins are biocompatible, metabolizable, and susceptible to surface changes and legend attachments for targeted distribution, and are therefore ideal materials for nanoparticle-based drug delivery applications. The production, characterization, and use of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) for intracellular administration of weakly cell-penetrating antibiotics (such as spectinomycin and chloramphenicol) to enhance their treatment of bacterial and fungal infections are described in this paper. Gelatin nanoparticles were synthesized using the desolvation method and then loaded with two antibiotics (spectinomycin and chloramphenicol) for addition to cellulosic cotton medical gauze. The concentration of gelatin and a crosslinker were chosen and analyzed among many factors to maximize the particle size of the nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, particle size analyzers, and antibacterial activity determination were used to evaluate the medical gauze treated with the nanoparticles that were loaded with antibiotics. The results revealed that gelatin nanoparticles loaded with the antibiotics and the treated cellulosic cotton gauze exhibit higher antimicrobial activity (than the non-loaded particles and untreated gauze) against the bacteria and fungi. This resulted from the presence of antibiotics and the safety of the nanostructure as its biocompatibility with skin cells.

Cloud computing is currently provided consumer or business IT support via social media or by using the internet. Cloud computing on the other hand, is increasing the level of the network security risk due to the services are basically presented by a third party. This results in hard to control the privacy and data security. In addition, to maintain the service availability and support data collections. Cloud computing clouts several technologies such as virtualization, SOA, and Web 2.0, it is also claimed their security risk matters. In this paper, the most serious and important risks and threats of cloud computing are discussed. The main vulnerability is identifying through a review of the published works on the cloud computing environment with possible solutions to overcome these threats and risks.

The current examination is relating to building up a novel nanofiber wound dressing including hyaluronic acid (HA)/oxidized К-carrageenan (OKC) for biomedical application. Until now, electrospinning of К-carrageenan (КC) has fizzled, because of its high-hydrophilic nature, its shaping gel partiality. To beat this problem, KC is exposed to oxidation, by means of sodium periodate (NaIO4). The ideal conditions are NaIO4 to КC 0.5:1; temperature, 40 °C; time, 3 h; and pH 3. OКC was mixed with HA and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for delivering electrospun arrangement, which is at long last manufactured to frame nanofiber, utilizing electrospinning setup. The created nanofiber was evaluated by SEM and FTIR spectroscopy, and measuring antibacterial properties was likewise assessed. SEM pictures uncovered that the mixing proportion 2.5:2.5:5 of HA, OКC, and PVA individually accomplished uniform, normal, and globule-free nano-filaments. The outcomes showed likewise that all nano-filaments have antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes, which is elevated to be utilized effectively in biomedical applications.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced from Achrmobacter sp. M15, was used to reduce titanium tetra isopropoxide into titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) via green process. Addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) was carried out via sol–gel method utilizing 3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the prepared TiO2NPs and their particles size were within a range of 5–10 nm. Cellulose-based fabrics (linen, viscose, cotton and cotton/polyester blend; 50:50) finished with BC/TiO2NPs nanocomposite displayed innovative properties e.g., self-cleaning and superior antimicrobial activities were illustrated. FT-IR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX were used to characterize fabrics treated with TiO2NPs. Results showed that TiO2NPs prepared using BC had innovative properties in comparison to those of the nanoparticles prepared by sol–gel method.

Background: Blood coagulation is a quick and effective process that results in the creation of clots, which demands to monitor. Many illness disorders include an abnormality in blood coagulation. This study examined the in vitro effects of methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts from aerial parts of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi on healthy human volunteers' blood coagulation. Methods: The Secondary metabolites were extracted from dried and crushed F. schweinfurthii aerial parts using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. Additionally, the extracts were tested in vitro at different concentrations (10-100 µg/ml) on the blood coagulation profile, prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (a PTT) of apparently healthy human volunteers. Results: Methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts of F. schweinfurthii aerial parts significantly (p˃0.05) prolonged PT and PTT in the blood of healthy human volunteers with Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts recorded the largest prolongation of PT and PTT correspondingly. The highest PT and PTT prolongation was achieved at 100µg/ml, and the least prolongation time was obtained at 10µg/ml. Conclusion: These findings displayed that F. schweinfurthii aerial parts contain phytochemical constituents with anticoagulant characteristics and could be used to treat blood clotting disorders. Peer Review History: Received: 26 April 2022; Revised: 12 June; Accepted: 30 June, Available online: 15 July 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, toyinpharm@gmail.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com Prof. Dr. Hüsniye Kayalar, Ege University, Turkey, husniyekayalar@gmail.com Similar Articles: GC-MS ANALYSIS OF FIXED OILS OF NIGELLA SATIVA SEEDS

Green chemistry was used in nanostructures preparation to impart it amazing innovating application in the medical field. Herein we prepared novel, cost effective and ultra-safe antibacterial nanocomposite. This nanocomposite contains carboxymethylchitosan (CMCS) as safe reducing agent for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as nanofiber aiding material formation. The AuNPs has spherical shapes, its diameter ranged from 15 to 25 nm and uniform distributed within CMCS nanofibers. The optimum conditions for electrospinning were 10 wt% total solution contains 2 wt% CMCS and 8 wt% PVA. UV–vis, TEM and XRD were used to characterize AuNPs whereas FTIR and SEM were used to characterize nanofibers. Results showed that ultra-fine fibers were generated after addition of PVA to CMCS solution. Also, CMCS nanofibers containing AuNPs has excellent antibacterial activity towards tested bacteria. Finally, the cytotoxicity of CMCS has been evaluated through Cell viability assay, which confirm that the nanofiber composite is non-toxic and tissue compatible.

To fulfil the ever-growing demand for durable and multi-resistant textile fabrics against pathogenic bacteria, this work is aim to investigate the dual effect of coating cotton/polyester fabrics by composite of antibiotics/metal oxide nanoparticles. To carry out this study, cotton/polyester blended fabrics with different constructions were coated with ZnONPs, ZrO2NPs, antibiotics namely doxymycin, cefadroxil, and ciprofloxacin (1 % w/v) individually and combined in presence of citric acid and sodium hypophosphite as a crosslinking agent and a catalyst respectively. Nitrogen content (%N), metal content, and antibacterial activity as well as performance and physical properties were assessed. Full characterization of untreated and treated fabrics by FTIR, SEM and EDX analysis were also carried out to confirm the binding and fixation of the used antibiotics and/or MONPs onto/within the fabric structure. The results revealed that the coated fabric samples by antibiotic/MONPs exhibited high nitrogen and metal contents as well as excellent antibacterial activity compared to the coated fabrics by the nominated MONPs and antibiotics individually. The results also showed that the variation in the antibacterial functionality, performance and physical properties of the treated fabrics are governed by the type of substrate, type of construction and type of additives. Additionally, coated fabrics evinced satisfactory antibacterial efficacy even after 15 washing cycles.

Nonwoven fabric with cellulosic base has many Features ability to absorb biological fluids and can easily adapt for different types and locations of wounds, which made it common and unique in surgical dressing. The study aimed To design different samples made of one layer and two layers of nonwoven fabrics for the inner layer of deep endoscopic wound dressings to control the biological fluid leakage. 100% cotton, 100% viscose, and viscose/polyester (70:30) % were used as one layer samples, and every two different materials were used interchangeably to design the two-layer (layer-by-layer) samples. One-layer samples were dyed using green coffee extraction, while the two layers samples were enhanced by adding powdered green coffee between them, as an innovative use in the surgical dressing applications. Electrospinning technique was used to form a delicate membrane of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic and Kylie Collagen to coat the single-layer samples without coffee dyeing to compare their performance with the dyed samples. Also, for comparing the results of the two layers samples that were enhanced with green coffee powder with and without the coating nanofibers membrane. Designed samples were evaluated by mechanical and physical properties for nonwoven fabrics, in addition, FTIR, SEM, absorbency and antimicrobial activity, and K/S especially for dyed samples, finally cytotoxicity for CIP, Kylie collagen, and green coffee. The results were pointed to that the dyed one-layer samples with green coffee extraction achieved a high-performance function for air permeability and antimicrobial activity. While the layer-by-layer samples that enhanced adding green coffee powder showed improvement for strength, absorbency properties, and antimicrobial activity, especially for the samples made of cotton/ viscose layers, and viscose/ viscose blended polyester layers, followed by the sample of cotton/ viscose blended polyester layers that were coated with 0.1wt% CIP antibiotic and Kylie Collagen membrane

The primary goal of this study was to develop nanotechnology-based controlled drug delivery devices. As a nano carrier for Aloe vera extract, chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were used. The ionic gelation method was used to make CSNPs from chitosan solution using tripolyphosphate (TPP). The generated high-performance CSNPs were then loaded with Aloe vera extract to create Aloe vera-laden chitosan nanoparticle nanocomposites. The nanocomposite is then employed as a superb antibacterial material with the least amount of toxicity. To impart antibacterial activity without cytotoxicity, cotton (100%) and viscose (100%) samples were treated with varied doses of this compound. The treated fabrics with chitosan nanoparticles and their nanocomposite with various concentrations prevented the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, according to the findings. The embedding of chitosan nanoparticles into fabrics and their bioactive material loaded were revealed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) research. Finally, the cytotoxicity of CSNPs and Aloe vera extract loaded CSNPs nanocomposite was assessed using a cell viability assay, confirming that the produced nanocomposite is non-toxic and tissue compatible, just like CS.

Hiren, we aimed to synthesis two new reactive dyes based on derivatives of Aminorodanine as a chromoforic group, as well as to apply the dye and antibacterial activity to the dyed fabric. First, we synthesized 3-amino rhodanine with glutaraldehyde and terephalaldhyde (2: 1 mole) to form compounds A & B respectively. After that we prepared monofunctional monochlorotriazine (MCT) and bifunctional monochlorotiazine sulphatoethyl sulphone (MCT/SES) by first condensation m- phenylene diamine sulphonic acid with Cyanuric chloride (1:1 mole) in ice bath then the second condensation takes place with sulfanilic acid or 1-Aminobenzene-4-β-sulfatoethylsulfone (PABSES) (1:1 mole) at room temperature; the pH was maintained at 5-6 by simultaneous addition 2 M sodium carbonate solution to form monofunctional reactive group C and bifunctional reactive group D respectively. Finally, we synthesized dyes by diazotized C and D by adding sodium nitrite (0.01 mol) to appropriate amines (0.01 mole) in concentrated HCl (6 ml) at (0-5 oC) under stirring then coupling with compounds A and B after dissolved them in ethanol with 2 M of sodium carbonate by 2 mol of the diazonium salt with 1 mole of coupler. The reactive dyes bis MCT 1, 2 and Bis MCT/SES 3, 4 are formed. We provided synthesized dyes structures by elemental analysis, IR, and 1HNMR spectroscopy. These dyes are used in dyeing cotton and wool that show good light fastness, and are excellent for washing, rubbing, and sweating fastness. Also, we measure antibacterial activity for cotton and wool fabrics toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive

Hiren safflower dye nanoparticles were successfully prepared by using simple ball milling technique at room temperature. UV-vis. absorption, XRD, TEM, FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM were used to characterize safflower dye nanoparticles. The prepared safflower dye nanoparticles were used as active ingredient for printing cotton, wool and polyester fabrics via dye printing technique and pigment printing technique. Factors of printing process were studied such as Mordanting of Substrates, thickeners type, urea concentration and Printing Paste pH for first paste and urea concentration, Printing Paste pH and binder concentration for second paste. Results shows fabrics printed with safflower dye nanoparticles via mentioned two methods shows very good to excellent fastness properties with full green method. These data indicated that printed samples have high quality for colour strength without any environmental hazards compared with other conventual and nanotechnological aspects.

About 222 plant species (two Ferns, one Gymnosperm, 219 Angiosperms: 169 Dicotyledons and 50 Monocotyledons) from the total 249 species were recorded from the Highland plains in Yemen, showing a distribution relationship with three African paleotropical floristic regions and 10 African paleotropical floristic elements. The distribution relationship among the African paleotropical floristic elements was subjected to numerical analysis: the African paleotropical floristic region with the highest number of species is Sudano-Zambezian, with 207 (83.1 %) species; while the African paleotropical floristic element, with the highest number of species, is the Afro-Montane Archipelago-Like Regional Centre of Endemism, with 184 (73.9 %) species.

New solid state hydrazone fluorescent reactive disperse dyes based on pyrrolinone ester and temporarily anionic sulfatoethylsulfone moiety were prepared. The NMR of all prepared dyes was studied in details; these dyes were observed only in pure hydrazone form as a mixture between E/Z isomers. Spectral properties of prepared dyes were studied and all dye derivatives showed significant fluorescence at low temperature (77 K) as well as in polycrystalline solid state. The dyeing application of these dyes was investigated on polyamide 6 and wool fabrics. The emission spectra on the dyed fabrics were measured. The antibacterial activity of the reactive disperse dyes as well as dyed fabrics at different concentrations was studied against Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli as Gram-negative bacteria. The dyed samples exhibited a higher antibacterial activity compared with selected antibiotics as reference standard. Byla připravena nová hydrazonová reaktivní disperzní barviva na bázi pyrrolinonesteru a dočasně aniontového sulfatoethylsulfonového zbytku fluoreskující v pevné fázi. NMR všech připravených barviv byla podrobně studována; tato barviva byla pozorována pouze v čisté hydrazonové formě jako směs E/Z isomerů. Byly studovány spektrální vlastnosti připravených barviv a všechny deriváty vykazovaly významnou fluorescenci při nízké teplotě (77 K) a také v polykrystalickém pevném stavu. Barvení těmito barvivy bylo zkoumáno na polyamidových a vlněných tkaninách. Měřila se emisní spektra na barvených tkaninách. Antibakteriální aktivita reaktivních disperzních barviv i barvených tkanin v různých koncentracích byla studována proti Staphylococcus aureus jako gram-pozitivní bakterii a Escherichia coli jako gram-negativní bakterii. Obarvené vzorky vykazovaly vyšší antibakteriální aktivitu ve srovnání s vybraným antibiotikem jako referenčním standardem.

Morphological and anatomical characters of stem, petiole and leaves of 16 selected medicinal taxa of family Lamiaceae collected from Bani Matar district, Sana'a (Yemen) were examined using both stereo-and light microscopes. The obtained macro-and micromorphological characters (298) were analysed using the software jmp version 13. The resulted dendrogram was discussed on the light of the current taxonomic treatments of Lamiaceae. The measurement of the quantitative characters of macro-and micromorphological characters for the studied taxa was established by multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Evaluation of obtained results revealed that, many characters viz. leaf composition, stomatal types and distribution, number of stamens, stem and petiole vasculature, types of trichomes, nutlet features, number of palisade and spongy layers and types of crystals are of diagnostic value in species identification and delimitation and are potentially valuable at different taxonomic levels. All the quantitative macro- and micromorphological characters except nutlet length are highly significant in species delimitation.

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). We succeeded in preparing disinfectant cellulose-based wipes treated with antimicrobial and antiviral silver nanoparticles to be used for prevention of contamination and transmission of several pathogenic viruses and microbes to human in critical areas such as hospitals and healthcare centers especially coronavirus. In this work, the antimicrobial and antiviral activities of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared with four different techniques were investigated for the utilization as a disinfectant for cellulose-based wipes. These four methods are namely; 1) trisodium citrate with cotton yarn as a reducing agent, 2) preparing AgNP's using aqueous solution of PVA in the presence of glucose, 3) trisodium citrate with cotton fabric as a reducing agent, and 4) photochemical reaction of polyacrylic acid and silver nitrate solution. Polyester/viscose blended spunlace nonwoven fabrics as cellulose based fabrics were treated with the prepared silver nanoparticles to be used as surfaces disinfection wipes. The properties of the nonwoven fabrics were examined including thickness, tensile strength in dry and wet conditions in both machine direction (MD) and cross-machine direction (CMD), bursting strength, air permeability, water permeability and surface wettability. Characterization of the AgNPs was carried out in terms of UV-VIS spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, and Zeta potential analysis. The assessment of AgNPs active solutions for antimicrobial and antiviral activities was evaluated. The results obtained from the analyses of the AgNPs samples prepared with different techniques showed good uniformity and stability of the particles, as well uniform coating of the AgNPs on the fibers. Additionally, there is a significant effect of the AgNPs preparation method on their disinfectant performance that proved its effectiveness against coronavirus (MERS-CoV), S. aureus and B. subtilis as Gram-positive bacteria, E. coli and P. mirabilis as Gram-negative bacteria, A. niger and C. albicans fungi.

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.

Image classification is playing a vital role in several computer vision and pattern recognition applications. Multi-class, corruptions and heterogeneous and complex shapes make the image classification task is extremely challenging. In this article, we introduce a new Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) design that combines several concepts including parallel convolutional layers with different filter sizes and a global average pooling layer (GAP). One of the deep learning limitations is overfitting. To diminish this issue, we have applied a GAP layer at the end of the mode. Different challenging benchmarks are used for evaluation. Specifically, CIFAR-10, CIFAR100, and MNIST are used in our final experiments. We showed that our model surpasses many former models evaluated on the same datasets. It has been proven the proposed model is active in phases of feature extraction and classification.

The role of the male factors in the couple's infertility has been significantly increased in recent years due to a sententious assessment of male reproductive functions and enhanced diagnostic tools. We investigated the correlations among the seminal plasma (SP) levels of each of zinc, testis-expressed sequence 101 (TEX101), and free amino acids levels with reproductive hormones in adult fertile and infertile men. The study included 100 infertile men categorized into 50 non-obstructive azoospermic patients and 50 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT), in addition to 50 fertile controls. Semen analyses, serum ELISA assays for male reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone, and prolactin), colorimetric assays of SP zinc and total proteins, SP free amino acids using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ELISA assays of SP TEX101 were performed for all subjects. Infertile men with azoospermia had significantly lower SP median levels of zinc, TEX101, and many SP free amino acids compared to both men with iOAT and fertile controls (P ˂ 0.05 for all). There were lower SP levels of zinc and some free amino acids among men with iOAT compared to the fertile controls (P ˂ 0.05 for all) with non-significant difference regarding to SP TEX101 (P ˃ 0.05). Azoospermic men exhibited negative correlations between FSH, LH, and prolactin with some SP free amino acids (P ˂ 0.05 for all), and a positive correlation between glycine with total testosterone (P ˂ 0.05). Among iOAT patients, LH and FSH were positively correlated with SP zinc, TEX101, and some measured free amino acids (P ˂ 0.05 for all). Total testosterone was positively correlated with some amino acids, while prolactin was negatively correlated with glycine (P ˂ 0.05 for all). iOAT and azoospermic men exhibited low SP zinc and some free amino acids levels that were more pronounced in azoospermic men and were significantly associated with the reproductive hormones. TEX101 could be a helpful confirmatory test for azoospermia.

This paper outlines the specifications for a high performance, modern, highly scalable data center for GlobalNets. It proposes modern approaches to storage, management, topology and server farms. The available technologies in the market are evaluated and educated choices are made. It complies with all the requirements of GlobalNets and will enable the company to build a highly accessible data centre. The specifications include power, space, cooling, network capacity, mechanisms, tools and potential software for the management of hundreds of servers and other equipment. The design of the data centre will also provide a seamless solution that will stay modern and will remain up to date for many years.

N-carboxyethylchitosan (CECS) was successfully prepared via Michael addition reaction of chitosan (CS) with acrylic acid in water. The structure of CECS was characterized by Fourier transform Infra-Red spectrometry (FT-IR), 1HNMR, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Antibacterial activity of CECS was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by using minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). The results showed that the prepared CECS soluble in water at wide range of pH values. In addition, it has amorphous character improve its chemical reactivity than CS itself, in addition it has been showed stronger antibacterial activity than chitosan itself due to the presence of both -COOH and -NH2 groups and the CECS shows higher antibacterial activity towards S. aureus than E. coli. Finally, the cytotoxicity of CECS has been evaluated through Cell viability assay, which confirm that CECS is non-toxic and tissue compatible like CS.

Purpose This study aims to synthesise and characterise new reactive dyes based on thiazole derivatives which act as chromophoric moieties. These dyes were applied to cotton fabric, resulting in the dyed fabrics exhibiting good colour strength, light fastness and other fastness properties. The antibacterial activity of the dyed cotton fabric was evaluated against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Design/methodology/approach The dyes were synthesised in two steps. First, the coupling compound was formed by adding H-acid solution to cyanuric chloride in an ice bath at pH 5 then adding 4-aminobenzenesulphonic acid portion-wise at room temperature and at pH 6-7. Second, different diazonium salts 4-phenylthiazol-2-amine (2a) and 4-(4-methoxyphenyl) thiazol-2-amine (2b) were coupled with the coupling compound at pH 5. The resultant monochlorotriazine (MCT)-reactive dyes (6a, 6b) were formed. The synthesised dyes were applied onto cotton fabric under typical exhaust dyeing conditions and their dyeing properties were investigated. Findings High antimicrobial activity, dye exhaustion and fixation yield on cotton fabric were recorded for each dye. All dyes showed high stability against washing, rubbing, perspiration and light fastness. Research limitations/implications Dyeing of cotton fabric with these dyes which have higher fastness, higher exhaustion and higher antibacterial activity is considered one of the most important reactive dyes species. Practical implications The preparation procedure showed the synthesis of the novel MCT-reactive dyes derived from thiazole derivatives followed by the application of these dyes on cotton fabrics. Social implications Use of reactive dyes will bring a number of benefits to society including higher fastness and higher antibacterial activity so, and these dyes can be used for dyeing cotton. Originality/value In this work, the new reactive dyes derived from thiazole derivatives were synthesised and their structures were confirmed by the analytical and spectral data. Such compounds are considered to be excellent reactive dyes with different colour shades and higher antibacterial activity.

The epidermal cells are the most numerous, largest, and least specialized as well as,are structurally and functionally variable, which includes several differentiated cell types.The present study aims to investigate the epidermal features of Phragmantheraaustroarabica leaves and to evaluate it taxonomical significance. Fresh samples of P.austroarabica were collected from Heziaz, Sana'a Governorate, Yemen during the periodMay to September 2017. The epidermal properties of P. austroarabica (endemic species tosouth west of Arabian Peninsula) leaves were investigated; the epidermal cells density;ornamentation surface; stomata density; ratio and type of Phragmanthera austroarabicashows a high significant in taxonomical value for the separation between the ArabianPhragmanthera (P. austroarabica ) and Nigerian Phragmanthera spp. (P. capitat; P.nigritana and P. talbotiorum).

Chemotherapy is a major therapeutic approach for the treatment of localized and metastasized cancers. Although Doxorubicin (DOX) possesses abroad spectrum of anticancer activity, its clinical use is limited because of it cause heart failure. Chitosan nanoparticles was prepared by using ionic gelation method. These nanoaparticles were used as polyload of anticancer DOX to form safer and non-toxic anticancer drug. infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to characterize the prepared nanoparticles. The cancer animals’ experiments using Ehrlich static cancer, (EAC) cells using six groups of experimental animals were performed to evaluate the efficiency of Doxorubicin and Doxorubicin loaded chitosan nanoparticles as anticancer drug especially from its toxicity towards heart. Tumor volume was calculated as to monitor the response to treatment. Cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin and Doxorubicin loaded chitosan nanoparticles were evaluated. Biochemical parameters were be estimated to illustrate the cytotoxicity of these drugs on heart.

Herein we used gelatin, which is an organic, non-toxic, safe and inexpensive substance as antibacterial material for cotton fabrics. There are some studies deals with the topic of finishing of textile materials with gelatin, its antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-fungal activity and its used as bio-material for textiles finishing but these studies neglect the effect of gelatin antibacterial itself which increase our attention to study the antibacterial effect of gelatin itself without any harmful side effects. Pad-dry-cure method was used for cotton fabric which was treated with gelatin in the presence of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as a catalyst and dimethyloldihydroxyethelyene urea as a cross linker. Factors affecting this treatment were studied. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), physico-mechanical properties, thermal gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope analysis were used to characterize the treated cotton fabrics. Disk diffusion method used to assessment antibacterial activity of the treated fabrics. Cytotoxicity of gelatin compared with. ciprofloxacin in viable A549 cells was evaluates by using MTT Results shows that treated cotton fabrics show excellent antibacterial activity towards tested bacteria and there is no observed toxic effects on mammalian cells so that gelatin can be used as safe antibacterial finishing agents of cotton fabrics.

bacterial cellulose was prepared in our laboratory by using agriculture wastes. Egyptian bacterial cellulose was isolated from rotten apple. Modification of the prepared bacterial cellulose vis esterification reaction was performed by using succinic anhydride to create active carboxyl groups to be used as ion exchanger. Heavy metal ions such as Cu (II), Zn (II) and Hg (II) ions were used for evaluation the ion exchanger power of the modified bacterial cellulose. The prepared ion exchanger was characterized by using FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging before and after metal ion absorption. In addition, the absorption and desorption cycles of the ion exchanger were studied. The results shown that the maximum absorption capacity percent of the prepared exchanger for Cu (II), Zn (II) and Hg (II) ions were found to be 81.8, 79.5 and 78.1% respectively.

This study demonstrates the possibility of enhancing the antibacterial activity and dyeing properties of cotton, polyester and their blended fabrics in one step. These fabrics were treated first with carboxymethyl chitosan (10 g/kg) to impart it antibacterial activity and enhance dye ability at the same time followed by dyeing with acid dyes and disperse dye. Results show an improvement in antibacterial activity and dye ability. It was further noted that, in all cases, the treated fabrics were more susceptible towards Gram positive bacteria (S. aureus) than Gram negative bacteria (E. coli) due to bacteria structure. The treated samples exhibited very sufficient antibacterial activity even after 25 washing cycles through durability test. Modes of interactions were proposed, and surface modification was also confirmed by FT-IR, TGA and SEM analysis.

Herein we prepare antibacterial composite from carboxymethylchitosan (CMCS) nanofibers and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as reducing, capping and fiber aiding material and investigated to be used in biomedical applications. The AgNPs has spherical shapes and its diameter ranged from 15 to 25 nm and distributed within the prepared nanofibers. The electrospinning parameters from the effect of the CMCS mass ratio, extrusion rate and field were studied. The optimum condition for electrospinning were 7% for CMCS and 8% from PVA. UV-vis, TEM and XRD used to characterize AgNPs and FTIR and SEM used to characterize nanofibers. Results showed that the ultra-fine fibers could be generated after addition of PVA in different mass ratios of CMCS to PVA from 4–8 wt. % PVA (AgNPs)/CMCS solutions. Electrospun PVA (AgNPs)/CMCS nanofibers showed good antibacterial effects towards Gram (+ve) and Gram (-ve) bacteria. Antibacterial activities of electrospun nanofibers increased by increasing both CMCS and Ag nanoparticles percent in the electrospun membrane1

Article history: Received on: 12/08/2015 Revised on: 19/11/2015 Accepted on: 10/12/2015 Available online: 27/02/2016 To improve the dyeability and antimicrobial activity of cotton, the cotton was treated. Firstly, Carboxymethylation was carried out in the cotton fibers to form alkali cellulose. Due to carboxymethylation, the alkali cellulose modifies the crystalline structure of cellulose and increases the accessibility of fibers to chemicals by swelling. Secondly, it padded in a solution content (5 % nano zinc oxide, 4% citric acid) or (6 % titanium isopropoxide, 4% citric acid) or in a solution of 5 % nano zinc oxide, 6 % titanium isopropoxide, 4% citric acid or in a solution of 7% nano zinic oxide, 7% titanium isopropoxide, 4% citric acid, at wet pick up of ca 100%, then dried at 85 °C for 5 min., and cured at 100 °C for 3 min, the latter, we use these fabric in dyeing with synthesized acid dye and commercial basic dye finally, we measure antimicrobial activity for these fabric toward Gram negative and Gram positive .

This review deals with electrospun nanofibers and their applications in several fields. Nanofibers have mainly been produced via electrospinning technique due to the simple, cost-effective, and versatile setup. Electrospinning is defined as a process, which produces fibers from its polymer solutions under exposure of high electric field voltage. The technique needs optimization of several parameters such solution, processing and ambient parameters to refine nanofiber morphology, diameter and porosity. The basic technique has been modified to produce composite fibers and to increase production capacity. Nanofiber characterization methods are summarized with examples. The relation between electrospinning and electrospraying is discussed. Nanofibers have the ability to form highly porous mesh with large surface to volume ratio enhancing its performance for various applications such as water filtration, tissue engineering scaffold, wounds, fiber composites, drug release and protective clothes. Single nanofibers could potentially be used as soft microrobots for drug delivery. Finally, results from modeling and simulations are illustrated.

a b s t r a c t A method to impregnate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into different polysaccharides substrates (cellulose powder (CP), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (Chit)) by using glucose as reducing agent, is presented. X-ray diffraction analyses of polysaccharides coated with AgNPs showed the formation of silver particle sizes in the range of 3.7–5.6 nm and have almost spherical shape. The entire prepared composite shows antimicrobial effect. The antibacterial activity of polysaccharides loaded with silver nanoparticles was evaluated against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. The results suggest excellent antibacterial activity.

Herein we describe the preparation, characterization and utilization of of chitosan nano particles for the intracellular delivery of the poorly cell-penetrating antibiotic e.g. Ciprofloxacin, Chlortetracycline hydrochloride and Gentamycin sulfate to improve their treatment of bacterial infections. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared via the ionic gelation of chitosan with tri polyphosphate anions. Several parameters were studied to obtimize the particle size of chitosan nanoparticles, here we select the concentration of chitosan and the concentrations of sodium tri poly phosphate (TPP) as obtimizing parameters and the other factors stay constant such as pH of solution and ultrasonication time. Chitosan nanoparticles formed characterized by using FT-IR and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results show that chitosan nanoparticles and its loaded antibiotics kill and inhibits the growth of gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria tested due to nanoparticles structures, and the antibacterial activity increased with increasing the anti biotic content.

The PI/UV system ((4-trimethyl ammonium methyl) benzophenone chloride/UV) was used to synthesize carboxymethyl starch- (CMS-) stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs so prepared had round shape morphology with size of 1–7 nm. The prepared AgNPs were utilized to impart antibacterial finishing for cotton fabrics. The PI/UV system was further utilized to fix AgNPs onto cotton fabrics by photocrosslinking of AgNPs-CMS composite onto cotton fabrics to impart durable antibacterial properties. Effect of irradiation time and incorporating N, N-methylene diacrylamide (MDA) in different concentrations on antibacterial performance before and after repeated washing cycles was studied. S. aureus and E. coli were used to evaluate the antibacterial performance of finished fabrics. The antibacterial performance was directly proportional to the irradiation time and concentration of MDA but inversely proportional to the number of washing cycles. The inhibition zone of S. aureus and E. coli is the same although they are different in the cell wall structure and mode of action due to the nanosize structure formed.

Innovative/efficient finishing systems for imparting multi-functional properties to cotton/polyester and viscose/polyester blends were developed. Factors affecting the extent of functionalization including type and concentration of the nano-hybrid, i.e. silver nanoparticles/polyvinyl pyrolidone hybrid (Ag-NP's/PVP) or zinc oxide nanoparticles/hyperbranched polyamide–amine hybrid (ZnO-NP's/HBPAA), concentration of Basic Blue 9, or chitosan and sequence of treatment using citric acid as cross-linker were reported. Loading of β-CD, with its hydrophobic cavities, onto the cross-linked substrates and subsequent treatment with Neem-oil, Lavender-oil or 4-hydroxybenzophenone was also studied. The obtained products exhibit a remarkable easy care, antibacterial and/or UV-blocking functional properties. The improvement in the imparted properties and durability to wash is governed by type and amount of loaded active ingredients. Mode of interactions was suggested, and surface modifications together with composition of selected samples were also confirmed by SEM images and EDX spectra.

Modification of chitosan (CS) by means of blending with other polymers is a convenient method to improve its physical properties for practical utilization. The similarity of cellulose and chitosan in primary structures might facilitate the formation of homogeneous films. Mixing cyanoethylchitosan (CECS) with cellulose acetate (CA) overcomes mechanical weakness of CS films. CECS is prepared by reaction of chitosan with acrylonitrile in the vapour phase under a different reaction conditions, namely, sodium hydroxide concentration and reaction period. Blended films of CECS and CA are made by casting from dimethylformamide (DMF) followed by impregnation in water. CECS/CA films obtained are characterized by nitrogen content, tensile strength, elongation at break, FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Antibacterial activity of films prepared against Gram (−ve) and Gram (+ve) bacteria is measured via both disk diffusion method and bacterial count method. Blended films show good antibacterial effects toward Gram (+ve) bacteria than Gram (−ve) ones. Antibacterial activities of blended films increased by increasing the CECS percent in the blended films while the tenacity of these films gradually decreased. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) show that CECS possesses higher effect on Gram (+ve) bacteria Staphylococcus aureus than Gram (−ve) bacteria Escherichia coli. In the meantime, CECS is much more powerful in inhibition of bacteria than CS itself.

The water soluble photoinitiator (PI) 4-(trimethyl ammonium methyl) benzophenone chloride/UV system is used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Green synthesis method involved using PI/UV system, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), silver nitrate, and water. AgNPs obtained had a spherical shape morphology and a size of 1–7 nm. To impart antibacterial properties, wool and acrylic fabrics were treated with AgNPs obtained. The PI/UV system was further utilized to fix AgNPs onto wool and acrylic fabrics by photocrosslinking to impart durable antibacterial properties. The effect of irradiation time on the antibacterial performance before and after repeated washing cycles was studied. S. aureus (as G +ve) and E. coli (as G −ve) were used to estimate the antibacterial performance of the finished fabrics. The antibacterial performance was directly proportional to the irradiation time but inversely proportional to the number of washing cycles. However, after the 15th washing cycle, samples still have bacteriostatic effect; that is, although they show zero inhibition zone, they cannot be attacked by the bacterial growth and do not inhibit the bacterial growth. AgNPs finished wool fabrics showed more antibacterial activity than those of AgNPs finished acrylic fabrics.

Summary Accelerated atherosclerosis remains the single most important obstacle limiting the long-term success of cardiac transplantation. It occurs to different degrees in all long-term survivors and is the major cause of either their death or retransplantation procedures. Its etiology is multifactoral, including immune mechanisms, hyperlipidemia, viral interactions, and implantation injury. Active investigation is ongoing to try to unlock this complicated puzzle. Lessons learned from this model of atherosclerosis will also be applicable to native atherosclerosis, vein graft atherosclerosis, and restenosis after interventional coronary artery procedures.