875 results on '"Hase, Frank"'
Search Results
2. PROFFASTpylot: Running PROFFAST with Python
- Author
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Feld, Lena, primary, Herkommer, Benedikt, additional, Vestner, Jasmin, additional, Dubravica, Darko, additional, Alberti, Carlos, additional, and Hase, Frank, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Post-2020 Surge in Global Atmospheric Methane Observed in Ground-based Observations
- Author
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Wu, Jennifer, primary, Luo, Sherry, additional, Zeng, Zhao-Cheng, additional, Turner, Alex, additional, Wunch, Debra, additional, García, Omaira, additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Kivi, Rigel, additional, Ohyama, Hirofumi, additional, Morino, Isamu, additional, Sussmann, Ralf, additional, Rettinger, Markus, additional, Té, Yao, additional, Deutscher, Nicholas Michael, additional, Griffith, David W.T, additional, Shiomi, Kei, additional, Liu, Cheng, additional, Notholt, Justus, additional, Iraci, Laura T, additional, Pollard, David Frank, additional, Warneke, Thorsten, additional, Roehl, Coleen Marie, additional, Pongetti, Thomas J, additional, Sander, Stanley, additional, and Yung, Yuk L., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Evaluation of Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Methane Observations at Northern High Latitudes.
- Author
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Lindqvist, Hannakaisa, Kivimäki, Ella, Häkkilä, Tuomas, Tsuruta, Aki, Schneising, Oliver, Buchwitz, Michael, Lorente, Alba, Martinez Velarte, Mari, Borsdorff, Tobias, Alberti, Carlos, Backman, Leif, Buschmann, Matthias, Chen, Huilin, Dubravica, Darko, Hase, Frank, Heikkinen, Pauli, Karppinen, Tomi, Kivi, Rigel, McGee, Erin, and Notholt, Justus
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FOURIER transform spectrometers ,MOLE fraction ,SPRING ,STANDARD deviations ,AUTUMN - Abstract
The Arctic and boreal regions are experiencing a rapid increase in temperature, resulting in a changing cryosphere, increasing human activity, and potentially increasing high-latitude methane emissions. Satellite observations from Sentinel-5P TROPOMI provide an unprecedented coverage of a column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of methane (XCH
4 ) in the Arctic, compared to previous missions or in situ measurements. The purpose of this study is to support and enhance the data used for high-latitude research through presenting a systematic evaluation of TROPOMI methane products derived from two different processing algorithms: the operational product (OPER) and the scientific product (WFMD), including the comparison of recent version changes of the products (OPER, OPER rpro, WFMD v1.2, and WFMD v1.8). One finding is that OPER rpro yields lower XCH4 than WFMD v1.8, the difference increasing towards the highest latitudes. TROPOMI product differences were evaluated with respect to ground-based high-latitude references, including four Fourier Transform Spectrometer in the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and five EM27/SUN instruments in the Collaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON). The mean TROPOMI–TCCON GGG2020 daily median XCH4 difference was site-dependent and varied for OPER rpro from −0.47 ppb to 22.4 ppb, and for WFMD v1.8 from 1.2 ppb to 19.4 ppb with standard deviations between 13.0 and 20.4 ppb and 12.5–15.0 ppb, respectively. The TROPOMI–COCCON daily median XCH4 difference varied from −26.5 ppb to 5.6 ppb for OPER rpro, with a standard deviation of 14.0–28.7 ppb, and from −5.0 ppb to 17.2 ppb for WFMD v1.8, with a standard deviation of 11.5–13.0 ppb. Although the accuracy and precision of both TROPOMI products are, on average, good compared to the TCCON and COCCON, a persistent seasonal bias in TROPOMI XCH4 (high values in spring; low values in autumn) is found for OPER rpro and is reflected in the higher standard deviation values. A systematic decrease of about 7 ppb was found between TCCON GGG2014 and GGG2020 product update highlighting the importance of also ensuring the reliability of ground-based retrievals. Comparisons to atmospheric profile measurements with AirCore carried out in Sodankylä, Northern Finland, resulted in XCH4 differences comparable to or smaller than those from ground-based remote sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
5. Analysis of the [formula omitted], [formula omitted], [formula omitted] and the [formula omitted] bands of HT[formula omitted]O
- Author
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Hermann, Valentin, Kamrad, Marcel, Reinking, Johannes, Schlösser, Magnus, Hase, Frank, and Orphal, Johannes
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Supplementary material to "CO2 and CO temporal variability over Mexico City from ground-based total column and surface measurements"
- Author
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Taquet, Noémie, primary, Stremme, Wolfgang, additional, Gonzalez del Castillo, María Eugenia, additional, Almanza, Victor, additional, Bezanilla, Alejandro, additional, Laurent, Olivier, additional, Alberti, Carlos, additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, Lauvaux, Thomas, additional, Che, Ke, additional, and Grutter, Michel, additional
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
7. A multiannual and global synergetic satellite product of tropospheric CH4
- Author
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Shahzadi, kanwal, primary, Schnider, Matthias, additional, Ying Lo, Nga, additional, Mayer, Jörg, additional, Ugur, Cayoglu, additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Braesicke, Peter, additional, Borsdorff, Tobias, additional, and Velarte, Mari Martinez, additional
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
8. Using a portable FTIR spectrometer to evaluate the consistency of TCCON measurements on a global scale: The COCCON Travel Standard
- Author
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Herkommer, Benedikt, primary, Alberti, Carlos, additional, Castracane, Paolo, additional, Chen, Jia, additional, Dehn, Angelika, additional, Dietrich, Florian, additional, Deutscher, Nicholas M., additional, Frey, Matthias Max, additional, Groß, Jochen, additional, Gillespie, Lawson, additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Morino, Isamu, additional, Pak, Nasrin Mostafavi, additional, Walker, Brittany, additional, and Wunch, Debra, additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Emission Characteristics of Greenhouse Gases and Air Pollutants in Northern Hemisphere Cities: Comprehensive Assessment Using Ground‐Based Fourier Transform Spectrometers.
- Author
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Lee, Jonghyuk, Jeong, Sujong, Park, Hayoung, Hong, Jaemin, Kim, Jueun, Frey, Matthias Max, Morino, Isamu, Ohyama, Hirofumi, Hase, Frank, Mermigkas, Marios, Zhou, Minqiang, Té, Yao, and Roehl, Coleen M.
- Subjects
GREENHOUSE gases ,FOURIER transform spectrometers ,CITIES & towns ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,AIR pollutants ,CLIMATE change mitigation - Abstract
Despite the importance of understanding the urban emission characteristics of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants, few studies have conducted integrated assessments across diverse urban environments. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the emission characteristics of GHGs and air pollutants in seven cities in the Northern Hemisphere using ground‐based Fourier transform spectrometers. Our analysis primarily focused on emission ratios of excess column‐averaged dry‐air mole fractions of carbon monoxide (CO) to carbon dioxide (CO2) (∆XCO:∆XCO2) and those of methane (CH4) to CO2 (∆XCH4:∆XCO2). We found that the emission ratios varied significantly across cities. Xianghe (China) and Pasadena (USA), known for severe air pollution, showed the highest emission ratios. Notably, Seoul (South Korea) showed lower ∆XCO:∆XCO2 (3.32 ± 0.10 ppb/ppm) but relatively higher ∆XCH4:∆XCO2 (4.85 ± 0.04 ppb/ppm), which was comparable to the ∆XCH4:∆XCO2 value of Xianghe (5.15 ± 0.10 ppb/ppm), suggesting that targeted CH4 reduction strategies may be required for climate change mitigation in Seoul. Plain Language Summary: Many cities experience significant greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions. We comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of these emissions using ground‐based solar‐viewing Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) in Northern Hemisphere cities including Seoul (South Korea), Thessaloniki (Greece), Tsukuba (Japan), Karlsruhe (Germany), Xianghe (China), Pasadena (USA), and Paris (France). First, we focused on variations in carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO). Based on these variations, their emission ratios were estimated in terms of excess column‐averaged dry‐air mole fractions of CO to CO2 (∆XCO:∆XCO2) and CH4 to CO2 (∆XCH4:∆XCO2) in urban sites. We found that the emission ratios differed across cities. For example, Xianghe and Pasadena, which generally exhibit high levels of air pollution, had the highest emission ratios. However, Seoul had lower emission ratios of ∆XCO:∆XCO2, but higher levels of ∆XCH4:∆XCO2. This study suggests that ground‐based Fourier transform spectrometer measurements can be used as a tool for comprehensively evaluating the emission characteristics of greenhouse gases and air pollutants in urban environments. Furthermore, extending our study to longer periods and more sites could further aid in formulating effective mitigation strategies for climate change. Key Points: We comprehensively assessed the emission characteristics of greenhouse gases and air pollutants in seven cities in the Northern HemisphereGround‐based Fourier transform spectrometers offers a comprehensive analysis of the urban emission characteristics of greenhouse gases and air pollutantsOur results can further support effective strategies for mitigating climate change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Using a portable FTIR spectrometer to evaluate the consistency of Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measurements on a global scale: the Collaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) travel standard.
- Author
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Herkommer, Benedikt, Alberti, Carlos, Castracane, Paolo, Chen, Jia, Dehn, Angelika, Dietrich, Florian, Deutscher, Nicholas M., Frey, Matthias Max, Groß, Jochen, Gillespie, Lawson, Hase, Frank, Morino, Isamu, Pak, Nasrin Mostafavi, Walker, Brittany, and Wunch, Debra
- Subjects
PRESSURE sensors ,SPECTROMETERS ,SURFACE pressure ,LAKE trout ,TRACE gases ,SCALING (Social sciences) - Abstract
To fight climate change, it is crucial to have a precise knowledge of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere and to monitor sources and sinks of GHGs. On global scales, satellites are an appropriate monitoring tool. For the validation of the satellite measurements and to tie them to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) trace gas scale, ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) networks are used, which provide reference data. To ensure the highest-quality validation data, the network must be scaled to the WMO trace gas scale and have a very small site-to-site bias. Currently, the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is the de facto standard FTIR network for providing reference data. Ensuring a small site-to-site bias is a major challenge for the TCCON. In this work, we describe the development and application of a new method to evaluate the site-to-site bias by using a remotely controlled portable FTIR spectrometer as a travel standard (TS) for evaluating the consistency of columnar GHG measurements performed at different TCCON stations, and we describe campaign results for the TCCON sites in Tsukuba (Japan), East Trout Lake (Canada) and Wollongong (Australia). The TS is based on a characterized portable EM27/SUN FTIR spectrometer equipped with an accurate pressure sensor which is operated in an automated enclosure. The EM27/SUN is the standard instrument of the Collaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON). The COCCON is designed such that all spectrometers are referenced to a common reference unit located in Karlsruhe, Germany. To evaluate the long-term stability of the TS instrument, it is placed side-by-side with the TCCON instrument in Karlsruhe (KA) and the COCCON reference unit (the EM27/SUN spectrometer SN37, which is operated permanently next to the TCCON-KA site) between deployments to collect comparing measurements. At each of the visited TCCON sites, the TCCON spectrometers collected low-resolution (LR) (0.5 cm-1) and high-resolution (HR) (0.02 cm-1) measurements in an alternating manner. Based on the TS as a portable standard, the measurements are compared to the Karlsruhe site as a common reference. For Tsukuba and Wollongong, the agreement with the reference in Karlsruhe found for XCO2 is on the 0.1 % level for both the LR and HR measurements. For XCH4 , the agreement is at the 0.2 % level, with the low-resolution measurements showing a low bias at both sites and for both gases. For XCO , the deviations are up to 7 %. The reason for this is likely to be a known issue with the CO a priori profiles used by the TCCON over source regions. In East Trout Lake (ETL), the TCCON spectrometer broke down while the TS was en route to the station. Hence, no side-by-side comparison was possible there. An important auxiliary value for FTIR retrievals is the surface pressure. Using the pressure sensor in the TS, the surface pressure measurements at each site are also compared. The surface pressure analysis reveals excellent agreement (0.027, 0.135 and 0.094 hPa) for the Tsukuba, ETL and Wollongong sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Quantifying CH4 emissions from coal mine aggregation areas in Shanxi, China, using TROPOMI observations and the wind-assigned anomaly method.
- Author
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Tu, Qiansi, Hase, Frank, Qin, Kai, Cohen, Jason Blake, Khosrawi, Farahnaz, Zou, Xinrui, Schneider, Matthias, and Lu, Fan
- Subjects
COAL mining ,EMISSION inventories ,METHANE ,DATABASES ,ATMOSPHERIC methane ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
China stands out as a major contributor to anthropogenic methane (CH 4) emissions, with coal mine methane (CMM) playing a crucial role. To control and reduce CH 4 emissions, China has made a dedicated commitment and formulated an ambitious mitigation plan. To verify the progress made, the consistent acquisition of independent CH 4 emission data is required. This paper aims to implement a wind-assigned anomaly method for the precise determination of regional-scale CMM emissions within the coal-rich Shanxi province. We use the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) CH 4 observations from May 2018 to May 2023, coupled with ERA5 wind and a bottom-up inventory dataset based on the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Tier 2 approach covering the Changzhi, Jincheng, and Yangquan regions of the Shanxi province. The derived emission strengths are 8.4 × 10 26 molec. s -1 (0.706 Tg yr -1 , ± 25 %), 1.4 × 10 27 molec. s -1 (1.176 Tg yr -1 , ± 20 %), and 4.9 × 10 26 molec. s -1 (0.412 Tg yr -1 , ± 21 %), respectively. Our results exhibit biases of - 18 %, 8 %, and 14 %, respectively, when compared to the IPCC Tier 2 bottom-up inventory. Larger discrepancies are found when comparing the estimates to the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service global anthropogenic emissions (CAMS-GLOB-ANT) and Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGARv7.0) inventories (64 %–176 %), suggesting that the two inventories may be overestimating CH 4 emissions from the studied coal mining regions. Our estimates provide a comprehensive characterization of the regions within the Shanxi province, contribute to the validation of emission inventories, and provide additional insights into CMM emission mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The fundamental [formula omitted] band of DTO and the [formula omitted] overtone band of HTO from the analysis of a high-resolution spectrum of tritiated water vapour
- Author
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Reinking, Johannes, Hermann, Valentin, Müller, Johannes, Schlösser, Magnus, Hase, Frank, and Orphal, Johannes
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
13. Bias corrections of GOSAT SWIR XCO2 and XCH4 with TCCON data and their evaluation using aircraft measurement data
- Author
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Inoue, Makoto, Morino, Isamu, Uchino, Osamu, Nakatsuru, Takahiro, Yoshida, Yukio, Yokota, Tatsuya, Wunch, Debra, Wennberg, Paul O, Roehl, Coleen M, Griffith, David WT, Velazco, Voltaire A, Deutscher, Nicholas M, Warneke, Thorsten, Notholt, Justus, Robinson, John, Sherlock, Vanessa, Hase, Frank, Blumenstock, Thomas, Rettinger, Markus, Sussmann, Ralf, Kyrö, Esko, Kivi, Rigel, Shiomi, Kei, Kawakami, Shuji, De Mazière, Martine, Arnold, Sabrina G, Feist, Dietrich G, Barrow, Erica A, Barney, James, Dubey, Manvendra, Schneider, Matthias, Iraci, Laura T, Podolske, James R, Hillyard, Patrick W, Machida, Toshinobu, Sawa, Yousuke, Tsuboi, Kazuhiro, Matsueda, Hidekazu, Sweeney, Colm, Tans, Pieter P, Andrews, Arlyn E, Biraud, Sebastien C, Fukuyama, Yukio, Pittman, Jasna V, Kort, Eric A, and Tanaka, Tomoaki
- Subjects
Earth Sciences ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ,Atmospheric sciences - Abstract
We describe a method for removing systematic biases of column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) and CH4 (XCH4) derived from short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra of the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). We conduct correlation analyses between the GOSAT biases and simultaneously retrieved auxiliary parameters. We use these correlations to bias correct the GOSAT data, removing these spurious correlations. Data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) were used as reference values for this regression analysis. To evaluate the effectiveness of this correction method, the tnzuncorrected/corrected GOSAT data were compared to independent XCO2 and XCH4 data derived from aircraft measurements taken for the Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner (CONTRAIL) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the US Department of Energy (DOE), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole observations (HIPPO) program, and the GOSAT validation aircraft observation campaign over Japan. These comparisons demonstrate that the empirically derived bias correction improves the agreement between GOSAT XCO2/XCH4 and the aircraft data. Finally, we present spatial distributions and temporal variations of the derived GOSAT biases.
- Published
- 2016
14. Greenhouse gas column observations from a portable spectrometer in Uganda
- Author
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Humpage, Neil, primary, Boesch, Hartmut, additional, Okello, William, additional, Chen, Jia, additional, Dietrich, Florian, additional, Lunt, Mark F., additional, Feng, Liang, additional, Palmer, Paul I., additional, and Hase, Frank, additional
- Published
- 2023
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15. Assessing the potential of free tropospheric water vapour isotopologue satellite observations for improving the analyses of latent heating events
- Author
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Schneider, Matthias, primary, Toride, Kinya, additional, Khosrawi, Farahnaz, additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Ertl, Benjamin, additional, Diekmann, Christopher Johannes, additional, and Yoshimura, Kei, additional
- Published
- 2023
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16. A portable reflected-sunlight spectrometer for CO2 and CH4
- Author
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Löw, Benedikt A., primary, Kleinschek, Ralph, additional, Enders, Vincent, additional, Sander, Stanley P., additional, Pongetti, Thomas J., additional, Schmitt, Tobias D., additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Kostinek, Julian, additional, and Butz, André, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Analysis of a high-resolution FTIR-spectrum of T216O, DT16O and HT16O in the range of 4300 to 4700cm−1
- Author
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Hermann, Valentin, primary, Freise, Anne, additional, Schlösser, Magnus, additional, Hase, Frank, additional, and Orphal, Johannes, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Aerosol properties derived from ground-based Fourier transform spectra within the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network
- Author
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Alvárez, Óscar, primary, Barreto, África, additional, García, Omaira E., additional, Hase, Frank, additional, García, Rosa D., additional, Gröbner, Julian, additional, León-Luis, Sergio F., additional, Sepúlveda, Eliezer, additional, Carreño, Virgilio, additional, Alcántara, Antonio, additional, Ramos, Ramón, additional, Almansa, A. Fernando, additional, Kazadzis, Stelios, additional, Taquet, Noémie, additional, Toledano, Carlos, additional, and Cuevas, Emilio, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Quantifying CH4 emissions from coal mine aggregation areas in Shanxi, China using TROPOMI observations and the wind-assigned anomaly method
- Author
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Tu, Qiansi, primary, Hase, Frank, additional, Qin, Kai, additional, Cohen, Jason Blake, additional, Khosrawi, Farahnaz, additional, Zou, Xinrui, additional, Schneider, Matthias, additional, and Lu, Fan, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. First high-resolution spectrum and line-by-line analysis of the 2ν2 band of HTO around 3.8 microns
- Author
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Reinking, Johannes, Schlösser, Magnus, Hase, Frank, and Orphal, Johannes
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. CO2 and CO temporal variability over Mexico City from ground-based total column and surface measurements.
- Author
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Taquet, Noémie, Stremme, Wolfgang, Castillo, María Eugenia Gonzalez del, Almanza, Victor, Bezanilla, Alejandro, Laurent, Olivier, Alberti, Carlos, Hase, Frank, Ramonet, Michel, Lauvaux, Thomas, Che, Ke, and Grutter, Michel
- Subjects
CAVITY-ringdown spectroscopy ,ATMOSPHERIC methane ,CARBON cycle ,CLIMATE feedbacks ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,EL Nino ,ATMOSPHERIC composition - Abstract
Precise estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and sinks are critical for understanding the carbon cycle and identifying key factors in the human-induced climate change feedback. Recent efforts were focused on reconciling bottom-up and top-down GHG emissions estimates, in particular on the city scale, using both space-based and ground-based atmospheric composition measurements that still show serious discrepancies. In this study, we explore the variability of the CO and CO
2 emissions from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) from long-term time-resolved total column measurements using solar absorption Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Measurements were performed at three stations, two of them located in the urban area at two opposite sides of Mexico City center and the third in a mountainous background site. Using a simple model and the mixed layer height from a ceilometer, the GHG concentration in the mixed layer and the CO/CO2 ratio were determined from the total column observations and compared to surface measurements using Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Finally, combining the ground-based total column and space-based TROPOMI CO measurements, we estimate the annual CO and CO2 MCMA emissions based on a simple model, i.e.: without recourse to complex transport models. By this way, we study the inter-annual variability of the CO and CO2 MCMA anthropogenic emissions, and relate it to the main natural or anthropogenic changes occurring during the last decade, such as the 2015–2016 El Niño period or the COVID-19 lock-down event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Bias correction of OMI HCHO columns based on FTIR and aircraft measurements and impact on top-down emission estimates.
- Author
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Müller, Jean-François, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, Oomen, Glenn-Michael, Opacka, Beata, De Smedt, Isabelle, Guenther, Alex, Vigouroux, Corinne, Langerock, Bavo, Aquino, Carlos Augusto Bauer, Grutter, Michel, Hannigan, James, Hase, Frank, Kivi, Rigel, Lutsch, Erik, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Makarova, Maria, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Morino, Isamu, Murata, Isao, and Nagahama, Tomoo
- Subjects
STATISTICAL bias ,MODEL airplanes ,VOLATILE organic compounds ,EMISSION inventories ,SPACE-based radar ,COMPOSITE columns - Abstract
Spaceborne formaldehyde (HCHO) measurements constitute an excellent proxy for the sources of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). Past studies suggested substantial overestimations of NMVOC emissions in state-of-the-art inventories over major source regions. Here, the QA4ECV (Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables) retrieval of HCHO columns from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) is evaluated against (1) FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) column observations at 26 stations worldwide and (2) aircraft in situ HCHO concentration measurements from campaigns conducted over the USA during 2012–2013. Both validation exercises show that OMI underestimates high columns and overestimates low columns. The linear regression of OMI and aircraft-based columns gives ΩOMI=0.651Ωairc+2.95×1015 molec.cm-2 , with ΩOMI and Ωairc the OMI and aircraft-derived vertical columns, whereas the regression of OMI and FTIR data gives ΩOMI=0.659ΩFTIR+2.02×1015 molec.cm-2. Inverse modelling of NMVOC emissions with a global model based on OMI columns corrected for biases based on those relationships leads to much-improved agreement against FTIR data and HCHO concentrations from 11 aircraft campaigns. The optimized global isoprene emissions (∼445Tgyr-1) are 25% higher than those obtained without bias correction. The optimized isoprene emissions bear both striking similarities and differences with recently published emissions based on spaceborne isoprene columns from the CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder) sensor. Although the interannual variability of OMI HCHO columns is well understood over regions where biogenic emissions are dominant, and the HCHO trends over China and India clearly reflect anthropogenic emission changes, the observed HCHO decline over the southeastern USA remains imperfectly elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Using a portable FTIR spectrometer to evaluate the consistency of TCCON measurements on a global scale: The COCCON Travel Standard.
- Author
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Herkommer, Benedikt, Alberti, Carlos, Castracane, Paolo, Chen, Jia, Dehn, Angelika, Dietrich, Florian, Deutscher, Nicholas M., Frey, Matthias Max, Groß, Jochen, Gillespie, Lawson, Hase, Frank, Morino, Isamu, Pak, Nasrin Mostafavi, Walker, Brittany, and Wunch, Debra
- Subjects
SPECTROMETERS ,LAKE trout ,TRACE gases ,SCALING (Social sciences) ,GREENHOUSE gases ,PRESSURE sensors ,WIRELESS sensor networks - Abstract
To fight climate change it is crucial to have a precise knowledge of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere and to monitor sources and sinks of GHGs. On global scales, satellites are an appropriate monitoring tool. For the validation of the satellite measurements, and to tie them to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) trace gas scale, ground based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) networks are used, which provide reference data. To ensure the highest quality validation data, the network must be scaled to the WMO trace gas scale and have a very small site-to-site bias. Currently, the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) is the de-facto standard FTIR network for providing reference data. To ensure a small site-to-site bias is a major challenge for the TCCON. In this work we describe the development and application of a new method to evaluate the site-to-site bias by using a remotely controlled portable FTIR spectrometer as a Travel Standard (TS) for evaluating the consistency of columnar GHG measurements performed at different TCCON stations and we describe campaign results for the TCCON sites in Tsukuba (Japan), East Trout Lake (Canada) and Wollongong (Australia). The TS is based on a characterized portable EM27/SUN FTIR spectrometer equipped with an accurate pressure sensor which is operated in an automated enclosure. The EM27/SUN is the standard instrument of the Collaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON). The COCCON is designed such that all spectrometers are referenced to a common reference unit located in Karlsruhe, Germany. To evaluate the long-term stability of the TS instrument, it is placed side-by-side with the TCCON instrument in Karlsruhe and the COCCON reference unit (the EM27/SUN spectrometer SN37, which is operated permanently next to the TCCON-KA site) between deployments to collect comparing measurements. At each of the visited TCCON sites, the TCCON spectrometers collected low-resolution (LR) (0.5 cm
-1 ) and high-resolution (HR) (0.02 cm-1 ) measurements in an alternating manner. In East Trout Lake (ETL), the TCCON spectrometer broke down while the TS was en route to the station. Hence, no side-by-side comparison was possible there. For Tsukuba and Wollongong the agreement found for XCO2 is on the 0.1 % level. For XCH4 the agreement is at the 0.2 % level, with the low-resolution measurements showing a low bias at both sites and for both gases. For XCO the deviations are up to 7 %. The reason for this is likely to be an known issue with the CO a priori profiles used by TCCON over source regions. The pressure analysis reveals excellent agreement (0.027 hPa, 0.135 hPa, and 0.094 hPa) for the Tsukuba, ETL, and Wollongong sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Sentinel-5P/TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument CH4 and CO Total Column Validation over the Thessaloniki Collaborative Carbon Column Observing Network Site, Greece
- Author
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Mermigkas, Marios, primary, Topaloglou, Chrysanthi, additional, Koukouli, Maria-Elissavet, additional, Balis, Dimitrios, additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Dubravica, Darko, additional, Borsdorff, Tobias, additional, and Lorente, Alba, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. An open-path observatory for greenhouse gases based on near-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy
- Author
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Schmitt, Tobias D., primary, Kuhn, Jonas, additional, Kleinschek, Ralph, additional, Löw, Benedikt A., additional, Schmitt, Stefan, additional, Cranton, William, additional, Schmidt, Martina, additional, Vardag, Sanam N., additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Griffith, David W. T., additional, and Butz, André, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Analyzing Four Years of Ground-Based Measurements of XCO2 and XCO over Thessaloniki, Greece Using FTIR Spectroscopy
- Author
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Panou, Thomas, primary, Topaloglou, Chrysanthi, additional, Mermigkas, Marios, additional, Balis, Dimitrios, additional, Dubravica, Darko, additional, and Hase, Frank, additional
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
27. Direct solar FTIR measurements of CO2 and HCl in the plume of Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico
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Stremme, Wolfgang, primary, Grutter, Michel, additional, Baylón, Jorge, additional, Taquet, Noemie, additional, Bezanilla, Alejandro, additional, Plaza-Medina, Eddy, additional, Schiavo, Benedetto, additional, Rivera, Claudia, additional, Blumenstock, Thomas, additional, and Hase, Frank, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. CFD simulation of CO2 dispersion from urban thermal power plant: Analysis of turbulent Schmidt number and comparison with Gaussian plume model and measurements
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Toja-Silva, Francisco, Chen, Jia, Hachinger, Stephan, and Hase, Frank
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- 2017
- Full Text
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29. Aerosol properties derived from COCCON ground-based Fourier Transform spectra
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Álvarez, Óscar, primary, Barreto, África, additional, García, Omaira E., additional, Hase, Frank, additional, García, Rosa D., additional, Gröbner, Julian, additional, León-Luis, Sergio F., additional, Sepúlveda, Eliezer, additional, Carreño, Virgilio, additional, Alcántara, Antonio, additional, Ramos, Ramón, additional, Almansa, A. Fernando, additional, Kazadzis, Stelios, additional, Taquet, Noémie, additional, Toledano, Carlos, additional, and Cuevas, Emilio, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Estimation of NO2 emission strengths over Riyadh and Madrid from space from a combination of wind-assigned anomalies and a machine learning technique
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Tu, Qiansi, primary, Hase, Frank, additional, Chen, Zihan, additional, Schneider, Matthias, additional, García, Omaira, additional, Khosrawi, Farahnaz, additional, Chen, Shuo, additional, Blumenstock, Thomas, additional, Liu, Fang, additional, Qin, Kai, additional, Cohen, Jason, additional, He, Qin, additional, Lin, Song, additional, Jiang, Hongyan, additional, and Fang, Dianjun, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. EOF-based regression algorithm for the fast retrieval of atmospheric CO2 total column amount from the GOSAT observations
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Bril, Аndrey, Maksyutov, Shamil, Belikov, Dmitry, Oshchepkov, Sergey, Yoshida, Yukio, Deutscher, Nicholas M., Griffith, David, Hase, Frank, Kivi, Rigel, Morino, Isamu, Notholt, Justus, Pollard, David F., Sussmann, Ralf, Velazco, Voltaire A., and Warneke, Thorsten
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. An open-path observatory for greenhouse gases based on near-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy.
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Schmitt, Tobias D., Kuhn, Jonas, Kleinschek, Ralph, Löw, Benedikt A., Schmitt, Stefan, Cranton, William, Schmidt, Martina, Vardag, Sanam N., Hase, Frank, Griffith, David W. T., and Butz, André
- Subjects
GREENHOUSE gases ,OBSERVATORIES ,FOURIER transform spectrometers ,CARBON dioxide ,CARBON emissions - Abstract
Monitoring the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) is a key ingredient for fostering our understanding of the mechanisms behind the sources and sinks of these gases and for verifying and quantitatively attributing their anthropogenic emissions. Here, we present the instrumental setup and performance evaluation of an open-path GHG observatory in the city of Heidelberg, Germany. The observatory measures path-averaged concentrations of CO2 and CH4 along a 1.55 km path in the urban boundary layer above the city. We combine these open-path data with local in situ measurements to evaluate the representativeness of these observation types on the kilometer scale. This representativeness is necessary to accurately quantify emissions, since atmospheric models tasked with this job typically operate on kilometer-scale horizontal grids. For the operational period between 8 February and 11 July 2023, we find a precision of 2.7 ppm (0.58 %) and 18 ppb (0.89 %) for the dry-air mole fractions of CO2 (xCO2) and CH4 (xCH4) in 5 min measurements, respectively. After bias correction, the open-path measurements show excellent agreement with the local in situ data under atmospheric background conditions. Both datasets show clear signals of traffic CO2 emissions in the diurnal xCO2 cycle. However, there are particular situations, such as under southeasterly wind conditions, in which the in situ and open-path data reveal distinct differences up to 20 ppm in xCO2 , most likely related to their different sensitivity to local emission and transport patterns. Our setup is based on a Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier transform spectrometer, which offers a spacious and modular design providing ample opportunities for future refinements of the technique with respect to finer spectral resolution and wider spectral coverage to provide information on gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Anthropogenic CO2 emission estimates in the Tokyo metropolitan area from ground-based CO2 column observations.
- Author
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Ohyama, Hirofumi, Frey, Matthias M., Morino, Isamu, Shiomi, Kei, Nishihashi, Masahide, Miyauchi, Tatsuya, Yamada, Hiroko, Saito, Makoto, Wakasa, Masanobu, Blumenstock, Thomas, and Hase, Frank
- Subjects
METROPOLITAN areas ,CARBON emissions ,FOURIER transform spectrometers ,EMISSION inventories ,METEOROLOGICAL research ,TROPOSPHERIC ozone - Abstract
Urban areas are responsible for more than 40 % of global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions. The Tokyo metropolitan area (TMA), Japan, one of the most populated regions in the world, includes various emission sources, such as thermal power plants, automobile traffic, and residential facilities. In order to infer a top–down emission estimate, we conducted an intensive field campaign in the TMA from February to April 2016 to measure column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO 2 (XCO 2) with three ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers (one IFS 125HR and two EM27/SUN spectrometers). At two urban sites (Saitama and Sodegaura), measured XCO 2 values were generally larger than those at a rural site (Tsukuba) by up to 9.5 ppm, and average diurnal variations increased toward evening. To simulate the XCO 2 enhancement (Δ XCO 2) resulting from emissions at each observation site, we used the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model driven by meteorological fields at a horizontal resolution of ∼1 km from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, which was coupled with anthropogenic (large point source and area source) CO 2 emissions and biogenic fluxes. Although some of the diurnal variation of Δ XCO 2 was not reproduced and plumes from nearby large point sources were not captured, primarily because of a transport modeling error, the WRF–STILT simulations using prior fluxes were generally in good agreement with the observations (mean bias, 0.30 ppm; standard deviation, 1.31 ppm). By combining observations with high-resolution modeling, we developed an urban-scale inversion system in which spatially resolved CO 2 emission fluxes at >3 km resolution and a scaling factor of large point source emissions were estimated on a monthly basis by using Bayesian inference. The XCO 2 simulation results from the posterior CO 2 fluxes were improved (mean bias, -0.03 ppm; standard deviation, 1.21 ppm). The prior and posterior total CO 2 emissions in the TMA are 1.026 ± 0.116 and 1.037 ± 0.054 Mt-CO 2 d -1 at the 95 % confidence level, respectively. The posterior total CO 2 emissions agreed with emission inventories within the posterior uncertainty, demonstrating that the EM27/SUN spectrometer data can constrain urban-scale monthly CO 2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Greenhouse gas column observations from a portable spectrometer in Uganda.
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Humpage, Neil, Boesch, Hartmut, Okello, William, Jia Chen, Dietrich, Florian, Lunt, Mark F., Liang Feng, Palmer, Paul I., and Hase, Frank
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GREENHOUSE gases ,ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide ,MICROWAVE radiometers ,ATMOSPHERIC transport ,SATELLITE-based remote sensing ,TROPICAL ecosystems ,ATMOSPHERIC chemistry ,DUAL-fuel engines - Abstract
The extensive terrestrial ecosystems of tropical Africa are a significant store of carbon, and play a key but uncertain role in the atmospheric budgets of carbon dioxide and methane. As ground-based observations in the tropics are scarce compared with other parts of the world, recent studies have instead made use of satellite observations assimilated into atmospheric chemistry and transport models to conclude that methane emissions from this geographical region have increased since 2010 as a result of increased wetland extent, accounting for up to a third of global methane growth, and that the tropical Africa region dominates net carbon emission across the tropics. These studies rely critically on the accuracy of satellite datasets such as those from OCO-2, GOSAT, and Sentinel-5P TROPOMI, along with results from atmospheric transport models, over a geographical region where there are few independent data to test the robustness of published results. In this paper we present the first ground-based observations of greenhouse gas column concentrations over East Africa, obtained using a portable Bruker EM27/SUN FTIR spectrometer during a deployment covering the first few months of 2020 in Jinja, Uganda. We operated the instrument near-autonomously by way of an automated weatherproof enclosure, and observed total atmospheric column concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane, as well as carbon monoxide, a useful proxy for emissions from incomplete combustion processes in the region. We discuss the performance of the combined enclosure and spectrometer system that we deployed in Jinja to obtain this data, and show comparisons of our ground-based observations with satellite datasets from OCO-2 and OCO-3 for carbon dioxide, and Sentinel-5P TROPOMI for methane and carbon monoxide, whilst also comparing our results with concentration data from the GEOS-Chem and CAMS atmospheric inversions that provide a means of increasing spatial and temporal coverage where satellite data are not available. For our measurement period, we find statistically significant differences at the 95% confidence level between the EM27/SUN and OCO-2 XCO
2 (OCO-2 lower by a mean of 1.20ppm, standard deviation 1.05ppm), and between the EM27/SUN and Sentinel-5P XCO (Sentinel-5P lower by a mean of 3.68ppb, standard deviation 7.00ppb), whilst we found that the differ-ences between the EM27/SUN and OCO-3 XCO (OCO-3 lower by a mean of 1.15ppm, standard deviation 1.61ppm), and between the EM27/SUN and Sentinel-5P X2 CH (Sentinel-5P lower by a mean of 8.33ppb, standard deviation 10.5ppb), were not statistically significant. With regards to the model comparisons, we also see statistically significant differences between the EM27/SUN and a global GEOS-Chem inversion for X4 CO (GEOS-Chem lower by a mean of 0.35ppm, standard deviation 1.08ppm), between the EM27/SUN and a high-resolution GEOS-Chem inversion for X2 CH (GEOS-Chem lower by a mean of 3.80ppb, standard deviation 12.5ppb), and between the EM27/SUN and CAMS global analysis X4 CO (CAMS lower by a mean of 11.7ppb, standard deviation 8.94ppb). Our results demonstrate the value of ground-based observations of total column concentrations, and show that the combined EM27/SUN and enclosure system employed would be suitable for acquisition of the longer-term observations needed to rigorously evaluate satellite observations and model calculations over tropical Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
35. Assessing the potential of free tropospheric water vapour isotopologue satellite observations for improving the analyses of latent heating events.
- Author
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Schneider, Matthias, Toride, Kinya, Khosrawi, Farahnaz, Hase, Frank, Ertl, Benjamin, Diekmann, Christopher Johannes, and Yoshimura, Kei
- Subjects
WATER vapor ,LATENT heat ,HYDROLOGIC cycle ,TROPOSPHERIC chemistry ,KALMAN filtering ,WATER analysis - Abstract
Satellite-based observations of free tropospheric water vapour isotopologue ratios (δ D) with good global and temporal coverage have become recently available. We investigate the potential of these observations for constraining the uncertainties of the atmospheric analyses fields of specific humidity (q), temperature (T), and δ D and of variables that capture important properties of the atmospheric water cycle, namely the vertical velocity (ω), the latent heating rate (Q
2 ), and the precipitation rate (Prcp). Our focus is on the impact of the δ D observations if used in addition to the observation of q and T , which are much easier to be observed by satellites and routinely in use for atmospheric analyses. For our investigations we use an Observing System Simulation Experiment, i.e. simulate the satellite observations of q , T , and δ D with known uncertainties, then use them within a Kalman filter based assimilation framework in order to evaluate their potential for improving the quality of atmospheric analyses. The study is made for low latitudes (30° S to 30° N) and for 40 days between mid-July and end of August 2016. We find that the assimilation of q and T observations alone well constrains the atmospheric q and T fields (analyses skills in the free troposphere of up to 60 %), and moderately constrains the fields of δ D, ω , Q2 , and Prcp (analyses skills of 20 %–40 %). The additional assimilation of δ D observations further improves the quality of the analyses of all variables. We use Q2 as proxy for the presence of condensation and evaporation processes, and we show that the additional improvement is rather weak when evaporation or condensation are negligible (additional analyses skills of generally below 5 %), and strongest for high condensation rates (additional skills of about 15 % and above). The very high condensation rates (identified by large positive Q2 values) are rare, but related to extreme events (very high ω and Prcp) that are not well captured in the analyses (for these extreme events also the analyses uncertainties of ω , Q2 , and Prcp are very large), i.e. the additional assimilation of δ D observations significantly improves the analyses of the water cycle related variables for the events when an improvement is most important. In real world satellite datasets δ D observations affected by such strong latent heating events are frequently available, suggesting that the here demonstrated additional δ D impact for the simulated world is also a realistic scenario for a real world data assimilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
36. Bias characterization of OMI HCHO columns based on FTIR and aircraft measurements and impact on top-down emission estimates.
- Author
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Müller, Jean-François, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, Oomen, Glenn-Michael, Opacka, Beata, Smedt, Isabelle De, Guenther, Alex, Vigouroux, Corinne, Langerock, Bavo, Aquino, Carlos Augusto Bauer, Grutter, Michel, Hannigan, James, Hase, Frank, Kivi, Rigel, Lutsch, Erik, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Makarova, Maria, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Morino, Isamu, Murata, Isao, and Nagahama, Tomoo
- Subjects
MODEL airplanes ,STATISTICAL bias ,VOLATILE organic compounds ,EMISSION inventories ,SPACE-based radar ,COMPOSITE columns - Abstract
Spaceborne formaldehyde (HCHO) measurements constitute an excellent proxy for the sources of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). Past studies suggested substantial overestimation of NMVOC emissions in state-of-the-art inventories over major source regions. Here, the QA4ECV (Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables) retrieval of HCHO columns from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) are evaluated against (1) FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) column observations at 26 stations worldwide, and (2) aircraft in situ HCHO measurements from campaigns conducted over the U.S. in 2012–2013. Both validation exercises show that OMI underestimates high columns and overestimates low columns. The linear regression of OMI and aircraft-based columns gives Ω
OMI = 0.651 Ωairc + 2.95×1015 molec.cm-2 , with ΩOMI and Ωairc the OMI and aircraft-derived vertical columns, whereas the regression of OMI and FTIR data givesΩOMI = 0.659 ΩFTIR + 2.02×1015 molec.cm-2 . Inverse modelling of NMVOC emissions with a global model based on OMI columns corrected for biases based on those relationships leads to much-improved agreement against FTIR data and HCHO concentrations from 11 aircraft campaigns. The optimized global isoprene emissions (~445 Tg yr-1 ) are 25 % higher than those obtained without bias correction. The optimized isoprene emissions bear both striking similarities and differences with recently published emissions based on spaceborne isoprene columns from the CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder) sensor. Although the interannual variability of OMI HCHO columns is well understood over regions where biogenic emissions are dominant, and the HCHO trends over China and India clearly reflect anthropogenic emission changes, the observed HCHO decline over Southeastern U.S. remains imperfectly elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Quantifying CH4 emissions from coal mine aggregation areas in Shanxi, China using TROPOMI observations and the wind-assigned anomaly method.
- Author
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Tu, Qiansi, Hase, Frank, Qin, Kai, Cohen, Jason Blake, Khosrawi, Farahnaz, Zou, Xinrui, Schneider, Matthias, and Lu, Fan
- Subjects
COAL mining ,EMISSION inventories ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,INVENTORIES ,METHANE - Abstract
China stands out as a major contributor to anthropogenic methane (CH
4 ) emissions, with coal mine methane (CMM) playing a crucial role. To control and reduce CH4 emissions, China has made a dedicated commitment and formulated an ambitious mitigation plan. To verify the process made, the consistent acquisition of independent CH4 emission data is required. This paper aims to implement a wind-assigned anomaly method for the precise determination of regional-scale CMM emissions within the coal-rich Shanxi province. We use the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) CH4 observations from May 2018 to May 2023, coupled with ERA5 wind covering the Changzhi, Jincheng and Yangquan regions. The derived emission strengths are 8.4× 1026 ± 1.6 × 1025 molec. s-1 (0.706 ± 0.013 Tg yr-1 ), 1.4 × 1027 ± 1.9 × 1025 molec. s-1 (1.176 ± 0.016 Tg yr-1 ), and 4.9 × 1026 ± 1.8 × 1025 molec. s-1 (0.412 ± 0.015 Tg yr-1 ), respectively. Our results exhibit biases of -18 %, 8 %, and 14 % when compared to the bottom-up inventory. Larger discrepancies are found when comparing the estimates to the CAMS-GLOB-ANT and EDGARv7.0 inventories. This suggests that the two inventories may be overestimating the CH4 emissions in the Jincheng and Yangquan regions. Our estimates provide a comprehensive characterization of the regions within the Shanxi province, contribute to the validation of emission inventories, and help to develop climate mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Quantifying CH4 emissions from coal mine aggregation areas in Shanxi, China using TROPOMI observations and the wind-assigned anomaly method.
- Author
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Qiansi Tu, Hase, Frank, Kai Qin, Cohen, Jason Blake, Khosrawi, Farahnaz, Xinrui Zou, Schneider, Matthias, and Fan Lu
- Abstract
China stands out as a major contributor to anthropogenic methane (CH
4 ) emissions, with coal mine methane (CMM) playing a crucial role. To control and reduce CH4 emissions, China has made a dedicated commitment and formulated an ambitious mitigation plan. To verify the process made, the consistent acquisition of independent CH4 emission data is required. This paper aims to implement a wind-assigned anomaly method for the precise determination of regional-scale CMM emissions within the coal-rich Shanxi province. We use the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) CH4 observations from May 2018 to May 2023, coupled with ERA5 wind covering the Changzhi, Jincheng and Yangquan regions. The derived emission strengths are 8.4× 1026 ± 1.6 × 1025 molec. s-1 (0.706 ± 0.013 Tg yr-1 ), 1.4 × 1027 ± 1.9 × 1025 molec. s-1 (1.176 ± 0.016 Tg yr-1 ), and 4.9 × 1026 ± 1.8 × 1025 molec. s-1 (0.412 ± 0.015 Tg yr-1 ), respectively. Our results exhibit biases of -18%, 8%, and 14% when compared to the bottom-up inventory. Larger discrepancies are found when comparing the estimates to the CAMS-GLOB-ANT and EDGARv7.0 inventories. This suggests that the two inventories may be overestimating the CH4 emissions in the Jincheng and Yangquan regions. Our estimates provide a comprehensive characterization of the regions within the Shanxi province, contribute to the validation of emission inventories, and help to develop climate mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Aerosol properties derived from COCCON ground-based Fourier Transform spectra
- Author
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Álvarez, Óscar, Barreto, África, García, Omaira E., Hase, Frank, García, Rosa D., Gröbner, Julian, León-Luis, Sergio F., Sepúlveda, Eliezer, Carreño, Virgilio, Alcántara, Antonio, Ramos, Ramón, Almansa, A. Fernando, Kazadzis, Stelios, Taquet, Noémie, Toledano, Carlos, and Cuevas, Emilio
- Abstract
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is particularly relevant for climate studies due to its ability to provide information on both fine absorption structures (i.e. trace gases) and broadband continuum signatures (i.e. aerosols or water continuum) across the entire infrared (IR) domain. In this context, this study assesses the capability of the portable and compact EM27/SUN spectrometer, used within the research infrastructure COCCON (COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network), to retrieve spectral aerosol properties from low-resolution FTIR solar absorption spectra. The study focuses on the retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and its spectral dependence in the 873–2314 nm spectral range from COCCON measurements at the subtropical high-mountain Izaña Observatory (IZO, Tenerife, Spain), which were coincidentally carried out with standard sun photometry within the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) in the 3-year period from December 2019 to September 2022. The co-located AERONET-COCCON database in the 2021–2022 period (post-COVID-19 lockdown) was used to cross-validate these two independent techniques in the common spectral range (870–1640 nm), demonstrating an excellent agreement at the near-coincident spectral bands (mean AOD differences limited to 0.005, standard deviations up to 0.019 and Pearson regression coefficients up to 0.99). This indicates that the low-resolution COCCON instruments are suitable for detecting the aerosol broadband signal contained in the IR spectra in addition to the retrieval of precise trace gas concentrations provided that its calibration is performed frequently enough to compensate for the optical degradation of the external system (approx. 0.6 % per month). The study also assesses the capability of the EM27/SUN to simultaneously infer aerosols and trace gases, and relate their common emission sources in two case study events: a volcanic plume from the La Palma eruption in 2021 and a nearby forest fire in Tenerife in 2022. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of the portable low-resolution COCCON instruments to enhance the multi-parameter capability of the FTIR technique for atmospheric monitoring.
- Published
- 2023
40. A portable reflected-sunlight spectrometer for CO2 and CH4
- Author
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Löw, Benedikt A., Kleinschek, Ralph, Enders, Vincent, Sander, Stanley P., Pongetti, Thomas J., Schmitt, Tobias D., Hase, Frank, Kostinek, Julian, and Butz, André
- Abstract
Mapping the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) above source regions such as urban areas can deliver insights into the distribution and dynamics of the local emission patterns. Here, we present the prototype development and an initial performance evaluation of a portable spectrometer that allows for measuring CO2 and CH4 concentrations integrated along a long (>10 km) horizontal path component through the atmospheric boundary layer above a target region. To this end, the spectrometer is positioned at an elevated site from which it points downward at reflection targets in the region collecting the reflected sunlight at shallow viewing angles. The path-integrated CO2 and CH4 concentrations are inferred from the absorption fingerprint in the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) spectral range. While mimicking the concept of the stationary CLARS-FTS (California Laboratory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Fourier Transform Spectrometer) at Los Angeles, our portable setup requires minimal infrastructures and is straightforward to duplicate and to operate at various places. For performance evaluation, we deployed the instrument, termed EM27/SCA, side-by-side with the CLARS-FTS at Mt. Wilson observatory (1670 m a.s.l.) above Los Angeles for a month-long period in Apr./May 2022. We determined the relative precision of the retrieved slant column densities (SCDs) for urban reflection targets to 0.36–0.55 % for O2, CO2 and CH4, where O2 is relevant for lightpath estimation. For the partial vertical columns (VCDs) below instrument level, which is the quantity carrying the emission information, the propagated precision errors amount to 0.75–2 % for the three gases depending on the distance to the reflection target and solar zenith angle. The comparison to simultaneous CLARS-FTS measurements shows good consistency, but the observed diurnal patterns highlight the need for taking into account light scattering to enable detection of emission patterns.
- Published
- 2023
41. Retrieval of greenhouse gases from GOSAT and GOSAT-2 using the FOCAL algorithm
- Author
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Noël, Stefan, Reuter, Maximilian, Buchwitz, Michael, Borchardt, Jakob, Hilker, Michael, Schneising, Oliver, Bovensmann, Heinrich, Burrows, John P., Di Noia, Antonio, Parker, Robert J., Suto, Hiroshi, Yoshida, Yukio, Buschmann, Matthias, Deutscher, Nicholas M., Feist, Dietrich G., Griffith, David W. T., Hase, Frank, Kivi, Rigel, Liu, Cheng, Morino, Isamu, Notholt, Justus, Oh, Young-Suk, Ohyama, Hirofumi, Petri, Christof, Pollard, David F., Rettinger, Markus, Roehl, Coleen M., Rousogenous, Constantina, Sha, Mahesh K., Shiomi, Kei, Strong, Kimberly, Sussmann, Ralf, Té, Yao, Velazco, Voltaire A., Vrekoussis, Mihalis, and Warneke, Thorsten
- Subjects
remote sensing ,GOSAT-2 ,FOCAL ,Earth sciences ,Atmospheric Science ,CH4 ,Satellite ,TCCON ,ddc:550 ,CO2 ,retrieval ,GOSAT - Abstract
We show new results from an updated version of the Fast atmOspheric traCe gAs retrievaL (FOCAL) retrieval method applied to measurements of the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and its successor GOSAT-2. FOCAL was originally developed for estimating the total column carbon dioxide mixing ratio (XCO2) from spectral measurements made by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2). However, depending on the available spectral windows, FOCAL also successfully retrieves total column amounts for other atmospheric species and their uncertainties within one single retrieval. The main focus of the current paper is on methane (XCH4; full-physics and proxy product), water vapour (XH2O) and the relative ratio of semi-heavy water (HDO) to water vapour (δD). Due to the extended spectral range of GOSAT-2, it is also possible to derive information on carbon monoxide (XCO) and nitrous oxide (XN2O) for which we also show first results. We also present an update on XCO2 from both instruments. For XCO2, the new FOCAL retrieval (v3.0) significantly increases the number of valid data compared with the previous FOCAL retrieval version (v1) by 50 % for GOSAT and about a factor of 2 for GOSAT-2 due to relaxed pre-screening and improved post-processing. All v3.0 FOCAL data products show reasonable spatial distribution and temporal variations. Comparisons with the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) result in station-to-station biases which are generally in line with the reported TCCON uncertainties. With this updated version of the GOSAT-2 FOCAL data, we provide a first total column average XN2O product. Global XN2O maps show a gradient from the tropics to higher latitudes on the order of 15 ppb, which can be explained by variations in tropopause height. The new GOSAT-2 XN2O product compares well with TCCON. Its station-to-station variability is lower than 2 ppb, which is about the magnitude of the typical N2O variations close to the surface. However, both GOSAT-2 and TCCON measurements show that the seasonal variations in the total column average XN2O are on the order of 8 ppb peak-to-peak, which can be easily resolved by the GOSAT-2 FOCAL data. Noting that only few XN2O measurements from satellites exist so far, the GOSAT-2 FOCAL product will be a valuable contribution in this context.
- Published
- 2023
42. Characteristics of interannual variability in space-based XCO₂ global observations
- Author
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Guan, Yifan, Keppel-Aleks, Gretchen, Doney, Scott C., Petri, Christof, Pollard, Dave, Wunch, Debra, Hase, Frank, Ohyama, Hirofumi, Morino, Isamu, Notholt, Justus, Shiomi, Kei, Strong, Kim, Kivi, Rigel, Buschmann, Matthias, Deutscher, Nicholas, Wennberg, Paul, Sussmann, Ralf, Velazco, Voltaire A., and Té, Yao
- Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) accounts for the largest radiative forcing among anthropogenic greenhouse gases. There is, therefore, a pressing need to understand the rate at which CO₂ accumulates in the atmosphere, including the interannual variations (IAVs) in this rate. IAV in the CO₂ growth rate is a small signal relative to the long-term trend and the mean annual cycle of atmospheric CO₂, and IAV is tied to climatic variations that may provide insights into long-term carbon–climate feedbacks. Observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission offer a new opportunity to refine our understanding of atmospheric CO₂ IAV since the satellite can measure over remote terrestrial regions and the open ocean, where traditional in situ CO₂ monitoring is difficult, providing better spatial coverage compared to ground-based monitoring techniques. In this study, we analyze the IAV of column-averaged dry-air CO₂ mole fraction (XCO₂) from OCO-2 between September 2014 and June 2021. The amplitude of the IAV, which is calculated as the standard deviation of the time series, is up to 1.2 ppm over the continents and around 0.4 ppm over the open ocean. Across all latitudes, the OCO-2-detected XCO₂ IAV shows a clear relationship with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-driven variations that originate in the tropics and are transported poleward. Similar, but smoother, zonal patterns of OCO-2 XCO₂ IAV time series compared to ground-based in situ observations and with column observations from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) show that OCO-2 observations can be used reliably to estimate IAV. Furthermore, the extensive spatial coverage of the OCO-2 satellite data leads to smoother IAV time series than those from other datasets, suggesting that OCO-2 provides new capabilities for revealing small IAV signals despite sources of noise and error that are inherent to remote-sensing datasets.
- Published
- 2023
43. Combined direct-sun ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopies at Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico)
- Author
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Taquet, Noémie, Rivera Cárdenas, Claudia Inés, Stremme, Wolfgang, Boulesteix, Thomas, Bezanilla, Alejandro, Grutter, Michel, García Rodríguez, Omaira Elena, Hase, Frank, Blumenstock, Thomas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (México), and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México)
- Subjects
Earth sciences ,FTIR ,DOAS ,dome cycle ,ddc:550 ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Solar absorption spectroscopy ,Pandora ,Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss ,volcanic degassing ,Popocatépetl - Abstract
Volcanic plume composition is strongly influenced by both changes in magmatic systems and plume-atmosphere interactions. Understanding the degassing mechanisms controlling the type of volcanic activity implies deciphering the contributions of magmatic gases reaching the surface and their posterior chemical transformations in contact with the atmosphere. Remote sensing techniques based on direct solar absorption spectroscopy provide valuable information about most of the emitted magmatic gases but also on gas species formed and converted within the plumes. In this study, we explore the procedures, performances and benefits of combining two direct solar absorption techniques, high resolution Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (UV-DOAS), to observe the composition changes in the Popocatépetl’s plume with high temporal resolution. The SO2 vertical columns obtained from three instruments (DOAS, high resolution FTIR and Pandora) were found similar (median difference, We acknowledge financial support from grants UNAM-PAPIIT IA101620 and IN111521. NT and TBo also thank the stipend given by the Mexican Foreign Affairs Department (Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores) and its AMEXCID program. Financial support from Conacyt-AEM through grant No. 275239 is acknowledged.
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- 2023
44. Comment on essd-2022-470
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Hase, Frank, primary
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- 2023
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45. A portable, ground-based FTS for reflected sunlight: Performance evaluation for mapping CO2 and CH4 above Los Angeles
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Hemmer, Benedikt, primary, Enders, Vincent, additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Kleinschek, Ralph, additional, Kostinek, Julian, additional, Pongetti, Thomas, additional, Sanders, Stanley, additional, Zeng, Zhao-Cheng, additional, and Butz, André, additional
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- 2023
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46. Remote sensing of columnar trace gases during the Ruisdael Rotterdam campaign in 2022
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Heimerl, Katharina, primary, Houweling, Sander, additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Sha, Mahesh Kumar, additional, Desmet, Filip, additional, Kumps, Nicolas, additional, Langerock, Bavo, additional, Warneke, Thorsten, additional, Hase, Nils, additional, Hachmeister, Jonas, additional, and Butz, Andre, additional
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- 2023
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47. A Measurement Campaign in Thessaloniki, Greece, to Detect and Estimate Local Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Feld, Lena, primary, Schmid, Pablo, additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Ruhnke, Roland, additional, Mermigkas, Marios, additional, Balis, Dimitrios, additional, and Braesicke, Peter, additional
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- 2023
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48. Long open-path measurements of CO2 and CH4 with an 125HR FTS in an urban environment.
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Schmitt, Tobias, primary, Kuhn, Jonas, additional, Pilz, Lukas, additional, Maiwald, Robert, additional, May, Maximilian, additional, Kleinschek, Ralph, additional, Edinger, Paul, additional, Schmitt, Stefan, additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Griffith, David W. T., additional, and Butz, André, additional
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- 2023
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49. The COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network COCCON: Showcasing GHG observations at the COCCON Tsukuba site
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Frey, Matthias Max, primary, Morino, Isamu, additional, Ohyama, Hirofumi, additional, Hori, Akihiro, additional, Dubravica, Darko, additional, and Hase, Frank, additional
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- 2023
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50. Quality Evaluation of the Column-Averaged Dry Air Mole Fractions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Observed by GOSAT and GOSAT-2
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Yoshida, Yukio, primary, Someya, Yu, additional, Ohyama, Hirofumi, additional, Morino, Isamu, additional, Matsunaga, Tsuneo, additional, Deutscher, Nicholas M., additional, Griffith, David W. T., additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Iraci, Laura T., additional, Kivi, Rigel, additional, Notholt, Justus, additional, Pollard, David F., additional, Té, Yao, additional, Velazco, Voltaire A., additional, and Wunch, Debra, additional
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- 2023
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