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Objectives: Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone released from intestinal L-cells following nutrient consumption. It potentiates secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta-cells thus GLP-1 analogues are used for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus( T2DM). This study aims to evaluate impact of GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on erectile function of diabetic rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30, 13-weeks old, 240-335 gr) were fed with fatty diet for 2-weeks and divided into 3 groups (n = 10 each). The rats in the first group served as controls (Group C) whereas the rats in the remaining two groups were injected with streptozocin and became T2DM for forming diabetic group (Group D) and treatment group (Group DT). Rats in group D received citrate buffer injections whereas rats in the group DT received liraglutide injections (0.3 mg/kg/12h) subcutaneously. Erectile functions of all rats were evaluated with intracavernosal pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurements. Moreover, plasma sex hormone levels (Testosterone, FSH, LH) were measured and histological assessment of midpenile tissue were performed (Collagen-Type-IV, rat epithelial antigen-1, nNOS). Results: Maximum ICP/MAP ratios were 0.790 ± 0.164, 0.263 ± 0.139 and 0.652 ± 0.131 in Group C, Group D and Group DT. Although mean ICP/MAP ratios were similar in Group C and Group DT (p = 0.076), mean ICP/MAP ratio was significantly lower in Group D (p < 0.001). Testosterone and FSH results were significantly lower in the Group D as well (p = 0.001). Histological analyses revealed that nNOS (p < 0.001), rat epithelial antigen-1 (p = 0.016) and muscle/collagen ratio (p = 0.015) were also lower in Group D, compared with the other groups. Conclusions: GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide demonstrated protective effects on the erectile tissues of the diabetic rats. Clinical trials are required to confirm if liraglutide treatment has similar beneficial effects on men who have T2DM.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate pathological lymph node involvement in selected patients and the relationship of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival rates between patients with and without lymph node involvement on preoperative conventional radiologic imaging. Limited data is available about local treatment outcomes in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) having clinical lymph node involvement.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine which method gives the most consistent results between urethral monopolar cauterization and standard urethral partial ligation methods for the urethral obstruction model. METHODS: Thirty male rats were randomly divided into control, partial ligation, and monopolar cauterization groups. Six weeks after experimental procedures, the experimental groups were evaluated cystometrically, biochemically, and histologically. RESULTS: According to the cystometric results, bladder capacity, baseline bladder pressure, and compliance data of the monopolar cauterization group were higher than those of the partial ligation and monopolar cauterization groups (p

The incidence of prostate cancer increases with age, and elderly patients often have other accompanying diseases. The most important clinical prediction for deciding on curative treatment in localized prostate cancer treatment is the 10-year survival status of the patient. In advanced prostate cancers, treatment is usually decided according to the comorbidity and age of the patients. Guidelines and consensus reports recommend that patients’ general health status should be determined by validated health status screening forms in deciding on treatment for prostate cancer in elderly patients. After evaluating the health status, the treatment options recommended by the guidelines should be presented to the patients according to the risk group of the patient and the treatability of the existing diseases, regardless of their age. Patients who are found to be healthy as a result of the evaluation should be included in the standard treatment applied to non-elderly patients. For patients who are frail but have treatable disease, standard treatment is recommended after correction or improvement of comorbidities. Supportive treatment and adapted treatment options should be offered to the patients who are in a frail state.

Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the bleeding control safety along with the need for preoperative blood preparation and postoperative blood transfusion in the transurethral resection of the prostate with monopolar system (M-TURP) for the treatment of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO).Materials and Methods:We retrospectively analysed 379 patients with BPO who underwent M-TURP procedure between January 2016 and December 2019 at a single centre. Importantly, we collected the demographic data, use of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI), postoperative haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit levels, platelet counts, and transfusion rates of these patients.Results:The minimum, maximum and the mean ages of the patients were 43, 79 and 67.44±7.74 years, respectively. The minimum, maximum and the mean prostate volumes of the patients measured via transrectal ultrasonography were 30, 95 and 53.42±18.12 mL, respectively. In total, 99 patients (26.1%) had received 5-ARI for at least three months before surgery. The mean decrease of the preoperative Hb in the postoperative 48th hour was 0.99±0.87 gr/dL. Only 9 patients (2.4%) received the transfusion of blood products (erythrocytes or fresh frozen plasma). The preoperative Hb level was inversely and significantly correlated with the decrease in postoperative Hb and the need for transfusion (p

Objective: In this study, level of knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), number of partners, condom use data of male military staff applying to our outpatient clinic for periodic examination and effect of their sociodemographic variables on these data were invastigated. Material and Methods: Between June 2018 and December 2018, 1107 volunteers of 2314 male military staff which had no history of urological diseases and no complaint but applying to our outpatient clinic for periodic examination were included. A personel identifier information survey and knowledge test for sexually transmitted diseases validated to Turkish from 40 item STI/HIV Pretest were performed as face to face interview method to participants. Results: Study group consisted between 19-42 aged males and mean age was 24.8±7.08. %93.5 of participants was 20-29 aged group, %76.5 was graduated from a university, %86 was single. %98.5 of participants reported having knowledge of STDs. Although all of our study group was in sexually active age, approximately %54 of them had no sexual intercourse in last year. Only %42.2 of this group used condom for prevention from STDs. When correlation between number of partners and condom use was considered, a statistically significant correlation was found between the increase in the number of partners and the decrease in the frequency of condom use (r=0.65; p=0.0001). Maximum right answer was 36 in knowledge test for STDs, in this study mean right answer was 18.97 (0-35)±6.73 and it was found significantly higher in participants graduated from a university. Conclusion: It is seen that male military staff which is high risk group about STDs have no enough level of knowledge about prevention methods from STDs and treatment of STDs. Especially in this group, preventive health care can be more important than therapeutic health care. We believe that creating and applying of a sexual health education plan in coordination with the Ministry of Health and physicians will be extremely efficient.

Introduction: Postoperative lymphatic drainage and lymphocele formation is a common seen complication after extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) in robot-assisted radical prostate...

The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (AD-MSC) from brown adipose tissue on erectile dysfunction (ED) in experimentally induced spinal cord injury in rats. 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups; control, spinal cord injury (SCI) + vehicle, and SCI + AD-MSC. To induce SCI, a standard weight-drop method that induced a moderate to severe injury (100 g/cm force) at T7-T10, was used. AD-MSC (3 × 105 cells /5 μL) was applied by local transplantation into the region of injury. At the end of four-weeks, rats underwent neurological examinations and then intracavernosal and mean arterial pressures (ICP and MAP) measurements. After decapitation, spinal cord and cavernosal tissue samples were taken to analyze neuronal nitric oxide synthase (n-NOS), proto-oncogene protein c-FOS and nerve growth factor (NGF). Tissues were also examined histologically. Spinal cord injury caused decrease on NGF and n-NOS levels while c-FOS was increased. The ICP/MAP value in vehicle-treated SCI rats was found to be significantly higher than the control group. On the other hand, in SCI + AD-MSC group, all these parameters were reversed back to control levels. AD-MSC therapy may be beneficial against erectile dysfunction in experimentally induced SCI by ameliorating neuronal damage.

This study aims to analyze the challenges, approaches and long-term results of primary or metachronous prostate cancer (PCa) in cases with multiple primary genitourinary cancers.A total of 17 patients were included in the study. Patients with multiple primary genitourinary cancers were divided into two groups according to the diagnosis of primary or metachronous PCa as group 1 and group 2.The median age of patients was similar in both groups. The median smoking status (pack-years) was higher in group 2 than group 1. The median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was higher in group 1 than group 2. The median follow-up time from primary to the metachronous tumour was higher in group 1 than group 2. The rate of recurrence in PCa was higher in group 1 than group 2. No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of patients' age, smoking status, PSA levels at diagnosis of PCa and biochemical recurrence or metastasis between the two groups (Primary PCa cases may progress more aggressively than metachronous PCa cases. Biochemical recurrence and metastasis may be less threatening in metachronous PCa cases than primary cases. Therefore, aggressive treatment can be avoided for metachronous PCa cases.

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of intracavitary levobupivacaine infusion diluted with locally applied isotonic solution for pain control in cystoscopy. Methods: Included in this study are 100 patients who had previously undergone transurethral tumor resection for bladder tumor and were followed up by cystoscopy. The patients were randomized into five groups (n = 20). In the first, second, third, and fourth groups, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mL of levobupivacaine HCl (5.0 mg/mL) were mixed with 26, 24, 22, and 20 mL of isotonic solution, respectively. Hence, the total mixture was 30 mL for each group. The fifth group was the control group. In this group, the standard method commonly used in most clinics was utilized. That is, a gel containing Cathejell-2% lidocaine (25 mg lidocaine) was applied. Cystoscopic interventions were performed with a 17.5 Fr rigid cystoscope and 0°, 30°, and 70° lens. During cystoscopy and 30 min later, the pain status of patients was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and patient satisfaction was questioned. Results: The mean VAS score during and after the cystoscopy procedure was significantly lower in the levobupivacaine groups compared to the lidocaine group. In addition, patient satisfaction in the levobupivacaine groups was significantly higher than in the lidocaine group. No drug-related side-effects were observed in all groups. Conclusion: Thus, levobupivacaine is a more effective drug than lidocaine alone to control pain during cystoscopy. The use of levobupivacaine is recommended to prevent possible complications of general anesthesia by eliminating the need for the aforementioned as well as its cost-saving advantage.

Aim We evaluated the COVID‐19 infection threat in patients receiving intravesical BCG therapy which has immunotherapeutic effects and is of vital importance in most of the individuals with high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and investigated the need for postponement of this therapy. Methods A total of 71 patients, who were diagnosed with high‐risk NMIBC and on intravesical BCG treatment regularly (induction or maintenance), were enrolled in the study. The patients were classified into two groups depending on whether they were diagnosed with COVID‐19 during the pandemic period or not. Results Of 71 patients, 26 underwent a COVID‐19 polymerase chain reaction test with clinical suspicion during the pandemic period. Of these 26 patients, 4 were diagnosed with COVID‐19. Age of the patients, working status (working/retired), compliance with containment measures against the pandemic, number of BCG courses, adverse effects after BCG therapy, and systemic immune‐inflammation index, which is an inflammation‐related parameter, were not different between groups (p>0.05). Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in the COVID‐19 positive group (p

Aims This study aims to analyse the novel Coronavirus disease- (COVID-19) related testicular pain in hospitalised patients because of COVID-19 and to review as an aetiological factor for epididymitis, orchitis or both. Methods A total of 91 patients were included in the study. A questionnaire was formed for the questioning of testicular pain or epididymo-orchitis in patients with COVID-19. Demographics and past medical history was also recorded. Patients' neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and D-dimer values were recorded. Patients with COVID-19 were divided into two groups according to absence or presence of testicular pain or epididymo-orchitis as group 1 and group 2. All results were compared for both groups. Results The median age of patients was similar in both groups. Testicular pain was occurred in 10.98% of the patients. Clinical presentation of epididymo-orchitis was diagnosed in only one patient. No statistically significant difference was reported in terms of patients' age, levels of CRP and D-Dimer or NLR and results of questionnaire form queries between the two groups (P > .05). Conclusion Testicular pain was observed more frequently in hospitalised COVID-19 cases. While no inflammation marker which is related to predict of testicular pain or epididymo-orchitis was found in patients with COVID-19.

Aim We aimed to investigate the predictor role of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) on Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) response in patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Methods A total of 96 patients with high-risk NMIBC, who received intravesical BCG, were enrolled in the study. BCG responsive group (group 1) and BCG failure group (group 2) were compared in terms of demographic and pathological data, peripheral lymphocyte, neutrophil and platelet counts, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), SII, recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The SII was calculated as in the formula: SII = neutrophil × platelet/lymphocyte. The prognostic ability of the SII for progression was analysed with multivariate backward stepwise regression models. Results The mean follow-up time 34.635 ± 14.7 months. Group 2 had significantly higher SII, peripheral lymphocyte, neutrophil and platelet counts than group 1. An ROC curve was plotted for the SII to predict the BCG failure and the cut-off point was calculated as 672.75. Effect of the SII to the model was statistically significant (P = .003) and a higher SII increased the progression onefold. A tumour greater than 30 mm in size and a high SII together increased the progression 3.6 folds. Conclusions The SII might be a successful, non-invasive and low-cost parameter for prediction of BCG failure in patients with high-risk NMIBC. The cut-off value for SII is 672.75 and above this level BCG failure and progression to MIBC might be anticipated. However, these results should be validated in prospective randomised controlled studies with large patient groups.

Aims: This study aims to analyze the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) related testicular pain in hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 and to review as an etiological factor for epididymitis, orchitis or both. Methods: A total of 91 patients were included in the study. A questionnaire was formed for the questioning of testicular pain or epididymo-orchitis in patients with COVID-19. Demophrahics and past medical history was also recorded. Patients’ neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and D-dimer values were recorded. Patients with COVID-19 were divided into two groups according to absence or presence of testicular pain or epididymo-orchitis as group 1 and group 2. All results were compared for both groups. Results: The median age of patients was similar in both groups. Testicular pain was occured in 10.98% of the patients. Clinical presentation of epididymo-orchitis was diagnosed in only one patient. No statistically significant difference was reported in terms of patients’ age, levels of CRP and D-Dimer or NLR and results of questionnaire form queries between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Testicular pain was observed more frequently in hospitalized COVID-19 cases. While no inflammation marker which is related to predict of testicular pain or epididymo-orchitis was found in patients with COVID-19.

Aim: We evaluated the COVID-19 threat in patients receiving intravesical BCG therapy which has immunotherapeutic effects and is of vital importance in most of the individuals with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and investigated the need for postponement of this therapy. Methods: A total of 71 patients, who were diagnosed with high-risk NMIBC and on intravesical BCG treatment regularly (induction or maintenance), were enrolled in the study. The patients were classified into two groups depending on whether they were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the pandemic period or not. Results: Of 71 patients, 26 underwent a COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test with clinical suspicion during the pandemic period. Of these 26 patients, 4 were diagnosed with COVID-19. Age of the patients, working status (working/retired), compliance with containment measures against the pandemic, number of BCG courses, adverse effects after BCG therapy, and systemic immune-inflammation index, which is an inflammation-related parameter, were not different between groups (p>0.05). Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in the COVID-19 positive group (p

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Mixed germ cell tumours (MGCT) contain multiple non-seminoma components. Cases that show the presence of both seminoma and non-seminoma components are still classified as...

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of voiding dysfunction (VD) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) in Turkish primary school children using a previously validated Dysfunctional Voiding Scoring System (DVSS) questionnaire and a self-administered questionnaire. Materials and Methods: The previously validated DVSS questionnaire was completed by the parents of 3015 randomly selected children. Another questionnaire was also administered for studying VD and NE rates, demographic characteristics, and learning or behavioral problems of children. Results: Of all children, 6.6% (n=199) had a score suggesting VD and 6.1% (n=185) had NE. No significant differences were found between children with and without VD in terms of age, gender, and fluid intake. Children with VD had significantly high rates of constipation (19.7% vs 5.2%; p

WOS: 000443568400006, PubMed ID: 29973698, Radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PC) can cause erectile dysfunction (ED) by damaging neurovascular structures with oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the effects of resveratrol, an antioxidant, on post-RT ED. Fifty rats in five groups were evaluated; control (C), prostate-confined radiotherapy with short- and long-term vehicle or resveratrol treatment. Cavernosal tissues were obtained to analyze glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), caspase-3 activities, sirtuin-1, Foxo-3, nNOS, and eNOS protein expressions. Intracavernosal pressures (ICP) were measured for the long-term treatment group. In the RT long-term vehicle treatment group, tissue GSH, NO, cGMP, and SOD activity were decreased while 8-OHdg levels and caspase-3 activities were increased. Radiotherapy caused a decrease in sirtuin-1, nNOS, and eNOS protein expressions. These parameters were reversed by resveratrol treatment. Foxo-3 protein expressions were unaltered in the RT + short-term vehicle treatment group and started to increase as a defense mechanism in the RT long-term vehicle group; however, resveratrol treatment caused a significant increase in Foxo-3 expressions. Resveratrol preserved the metabolic pathways involved in erectile function and provided functional protection. Resveratrol can be used as a supplementary agent in patients undergoing radiotherapy to preserve erectile function., Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Committee [SAG-B-100914-0311], This study was supported by Marmara University Scientific Research Projects Committee with the grant number SAG-B-100914-0311.

Objective We investigated the effect of the use of multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) on the dissection plan of the neurovascular bundle and the oncological results of our patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Material and methods We prospectively evaluated 60 consecutive patients, including 30 patients who had (Group 1), and 30 patients who had not (Group 2) mp-MRI before robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Based on the findings of mp-MRI, the dissection plan was changed as intrafascial, interfascial, and extrafascial in the mp-MRI group. Two groups were compared in terms of age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason sum scores and surgical margin positivity. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, PSA, biopsy Gleason score, final pathological Gleason score and surgical margin positivity. mp-MRI changed the initial surgical plan in 18 of 30 patients (60%) in Group 1. In seventeen of these patients (56%) surgical plan was changed from non-nerve sparing to interfascial nerve sparing plan. In one patient dissection plan was changed to non-nerve sparing technique which had extraprostatic extension on final pathology. Surgical margin positivity was similar in Groups 1, and 2 (16% and 13%, respectively) although, Group 1 had higher number of high- risk patients. mp-MRI confirmed the primary tumour localisation in the final pathology in 27 of of 30 patients (90%). Conclusion Preoperative mp-MRI effected the decision to perform a nerve-sparing technique in 56% of the patients in our study; moreover, changing the dissection plan from non-nerve-sparing technique to a nerve sparing technique did not increase the rate of surgical margin positivity.

A review of the literature indicated that sirtuin-1 expression, a regulator of nitric oxide bioavailability in erectile dysfunction (ED) after melatonin therapy, has not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of melatonin for erectile function with sirtuin-1 protein expression in type 1 diabetic rat models. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were placed into five groups. Except for those in the control group (C), each animal received a single dose (60 mg/kg) of streptozotocin to induce diabetes. The animals were placed into the diabetes (D) group, insulin (I) group (6 U/kg/day), melatonin (Mel) group (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) and combined treatment (I + Mel) group. Ten weeks later, the serum testosterone levels, intracavernosal pressure (ICP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), malondialdehyde (MDA), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c-GMP), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), caspase-3 activity, sirtuin-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression and histological findings were assessed. The mean ICP/MAP ratio for the D group was lower than the mean ratios for the other groups. The treatment groups, particularly the I + Mel group, exhibited lower 8-OHdG and MDA levels and caspase-3 activity than the D group. The sirtuin-1 and eNOS expression and cavernosal tissue (CT) histology seemed to have been preserved by the melatonin and/or insulin therapy. These results were indicative of a profound protective effect of melatonin by the activation of sirtuin-1 protein expression against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative CT injury.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine clinical/pathological characteristics, prognosis and tendency to metastasis of mixed germ cell tumours (MGCTs) that contain a seminoma component. Methods: A total of 111 MGCT cases between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the absence (group 1) or presence (group 2) of seminoma component in MGCTs. Patients’ age, complaints at admission to our clinic, primary tumour localization, primary tumour size, preoperative testicular tumour markers, MGCT histopathological components and percentages, lymphovascular invasion, pathological tumour stage, postoperative testicular tumour markers, presence of lymph node involvement in abdominal tomography, lung metastasis based on thorax tomography, clinical tumour stage, adjunctive therapies performed, state of recurrence and survival were compared in 2 groups. Results: The mean age of the patients was 24.51 ± 4.79 years. The mean age, initial complaint rates, primary tumour size, postoperative testicular tumour markers, presence of lymphovascular invasion, presence of lymph node involvement and lung metastasis were found to be higher in group 2 than in group 1, although these differences were not statistically significant. Especially, it was found that a seminoma component rate of 30% and higher had a higher tendency for a poor prognosis. Conclusion: Although the word “seminoma” may be initially interpreted as an indication of good prognosis, a seminoma component in MGCTs is actually not a good prognostic factor. MGCTs that contain a seminoma component (especially 30% and higher) can have a higher tendency for occult metastatic disease.

Amaç:Bu çalışmada periyodik muayene amacıyla polikliniğimize başvuran erkek askeri personelincinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar (CYBH) hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri, partnersayıları, kondom kullanım verileri ve sosyodemografik değişkenlerin bu verilereolan etkileri araştırıldı.Gereç ve Yöntemler:Çalışmaya Haziran 2018 – Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında Ürolojik hastalıkgeçmişi veya aktif şikayeti olmayıp, periyodik muayene için kliniğimizebaşvuran 2314 kişiden, 1107 gönüllü erkek katıldı. Katılımcılara kişiseltanıtıcı bilgi anketi ve 40 soruluk STI/HIV Pretest’ten Türkçeye valide edilenCinsel Yolla Bulaşan Hastalıklar ile İlgili Bilgi Testi (CYBH Bilgi Testi) yüzyüze görüşme yöntemiyle uygulandı.Bulgular: Çalışmagrubu 19 ile 42 yaş arasında erkeklerden oluşmakta olup yaş ortalaması24.8±7.08 idi. Katılımcıların %93.5’i 20-29 yaş grubu olup, %76.5’i üniversitemezunu, %86’sı bekâr idi. Katılımcıların % 98.5’i CYBH ile ilgili bilgi sahibiolduğunu bildirmiştir. Çalışma grubumuzun tamamı cinsel aktif çağda olmasınarağmen yaklaşık %54’ünün son bir yıl içerisinde cinsel ilişki yaşadığıgörülmektedir. Bu grubun sadece %42.2’si CYBH’dan korunma amacıyla kondomkullanmıştır. Partner sayısı ile kondom kullanımının korelasyonuna bakıldığında;partner sayısı artışı ile kondom kullanım sıklığının azalması arasındaistatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon bulunmuştur (r=0,65; p=0,0001). En yüksek 36 puan alınabilen CYBH Bilgi Testi’ndekatılımcıların doğru cevap ortalaması 18.97 (0-35)±6.73 olup, üniversitemezunlarında anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur.Sonuç:CYBH ile ilgili olarak yüksek risk grubunu oluşturan erkek askeri personelin, özellikle bu hastalıkların tedavisi ve korunmayöntemlerine yönelik yeterli bilgi düzeyine sahip olmadığı görülmektedir. Özellikle bu grupta CYBH için koruyucusağlık hizmeti, tedavi edici hizmetten daha önemli olabilir. Cinselsağlık eğitiminin askeri eğitim programından önce Sağlık Bakanlığı ve hekimler ile koordineli olarakplanlanıp, uygulanmasının son derece yararlı olacağı kanaatindeyiz., Objective: In this study, level of knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs),number of partners, condom use data of male military staff applying to ouroutpatient clinic for periodic examination and effect of their sociodemographicvariables on these data were invastigated.Material and Methods:Between June 2018 and December 2018, 1107 volunteers of 2314 male military staffwhich had no history of urological diseases and no complaint but applying toour outpatient clinic for periodic examination were included. A personel identifierinformation survey and knowledge test for sexually transmitted diseasesvalidated to Turkish from 40 item STI/HIV Pretest were performed as face toface interview method to participants.Results:Study group consisted between 19-42 aged males and mean age was 24.8±7.08.%93.5 of participants was 20-29 aged group, %76.5 was graduated from auniversity, %86 was single. %98.5 of participants reported having knowledge ofSTDs. Although all of our study group was in sexually active age, approximately%54 of them had no sexual intercourse in last year. Only %42.2 of this groupused condom for prevention from STDs. When correlation between number ofpartners and condom use was considered, a statistically significant correlationwas found between the increase in the number of partners and the decrease inthe frequency of condom use (r=0.65; p=0.0001). Maximum right answer was 36 in knowledge test forSTDs, in this study mean right answer was 18.97 (0-35)±6.73 and it was foundsignificantly higher in participants graduated from a university.Conclusion:It is seen that male military staff which is high risk group about STDs have noenough level of knowledge about prevention methods from STDs and treatment ofSTDs. Especially in this group, preventive health care can be more importantthan therapeutic health care. We believe that creating and applying of a sexualhealth education plan in coordination with the Ministry of Health andphysicians will be extremely efficient.

Objective: Erectile dysfunction is commonly encountered after radical prostatectomy due to cavernous nerve injury (CNI). We investigated the effects of riboflavin (Rb) on bilateral CNI in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups: control (C), patients with bilateral CNI, those with CNI receiving postoperative Rb treatment (CNI+Rb), and those with CNI receiving pre- and post-operative Rb treatment (Rb+CNI+Rb). Bilateral CNI was performed in all groups except for C. The CNI+Rb group was treated with 30 mg/kg Rb daily after CNI for two weeks; the Rb+CNI+Rb group was treated with 30 mg/kg Rb daily one week before CNI and then for two weeks after injury. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) were measured 14 days after CNI in all groups. Tissue malondialdehyde, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, nerve growth factor, superoxide dismutase and total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities, neuronal NOS (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were analyzed. Results: ICP/MAP ratio was significantly lower in the CNI (p

WOS: 000443777500011, PubMed ID: 29226987, Aims: Urethral stricture (US) formation is caused by fibrosis after excessive collagen formation following an injury or trauma to the urethra. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on a urethral injury (UI) model of male rats. Methods: A UI model was used by applying a coagulation current to the urethras of male rats. There were four groups with six rats in each: control group, PRP applied to naive urethra, UI group, and UI with PRP application. PRP was applied to the urethra after a coagulation current-induced injury as soon as possible. On the 14th day, all rats were sacrificed and urethral tissues were investigated for collagen type I, collagen type III, platelet-derived growth factor-alpha, platelet-derived growth factor-beta, and transforming growth factor-beta using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The effect of urethral damage and healing was evaluated for collagen type I-to-collagen type III ratio. Results: The collagen type I-to-collagen type III ratio was significantly higher in UI group (P < 0.05) than in the others, while UI with PRP application group had comparable results with the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study show that PRP has a preventive effect on stricture formation in a UI model of rats, as shown by its effect on collagen synthesis. Further studies that eventually show the effects of PRP on human tissues are necessary and promising., Istanbul Bilim University Medical Faculty Foundation

A 17-year-old boy presented with 15 mm swelling on the left side of his urethral meatus. He did not report any voiding symptoms. He was seeking medical treatment due to cosmetic concerns. Parameatal urethral cysts are benign conditions that are rarely reported in the literature. We performed complete excision of the cyst as previously suggested by some authors. On postoperative follow-up, there were no findings of voiding difficulty and cosmetic problem.

WOS: 000323107900003, PubMed ID: 23758074, Reactive oxygen metabolites play an important role in the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced tissue injury. This study was designed to investigate the possible protective effects of quercetin against I/R injury of the rat corpus cavernosum tissue. To induce I/R injury, abdominal aorta was clamped for 30 min and reperfused for 60 min. Quercetin (20 mg/kg) or vehicle was given before ischemia and just after reperfusion in the I/R group and in the sham-operated control group in which clamping was not performed. After decapitation, corpus cavernosum tissues were removed and either placed in organ baths or stored for evaluating biochemical parameters. Oxidative injury was examined by measuring lucigenin chemiluminescence (CL), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and caspase-3 protein levels. In the I/R group, contractile responses to phenylephrine and relaxation responses to carbachol were impaired significantly compared with those in the control groups, while quercetin treatment in I/R group reversed both of the responses. On the other hand, increase in lucigenin CL, NO, MDA levels and MPO and caspase-3 activities and decrease in GSH levels and SOD activity in the cavernosal tissues of the I/R group were also significantly reversed by quercetin treatment. Furthermore, observed distorted morphology with ruptured endothelial cells and vacuolization in the cytoplasm of cavernosal tissues of I/R no longer persisted in the quercetin-treated I/R group. Thus, our results suggested that treatment with quercetin may have some benefits in controlling I/R-induced tissue injury through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects.

Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been recently described in various tumors; however, data focusing on bladder cancer are scarce. To understand the significance of mtDNA mutations in bladder cancer development, we investigated the mtDNA alterations in bladder cancer cases. Methods: We studied the mtDNA in 38 bladder tumors and 21 microdissected normal bladder tissue samples. Mitochondrial genes ATPase6, CytB, ND1, and D310 region were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced. Results: We detected 40 mutations in our patient population. Our findings indicate that G8697A, G14905A, C15452A, and A15607G mutations are frequent in bladder cancers (p

In this study, prophylactic penile rehabilitation (PR) with sildenafil before and after a cavernosal nerve (CN) injury was analyzed in an animal model. Thirty-six animals were divided into six groups as follows: (1) those with no CN injury (i.e., sham), (2) those with a bilateral CN injury (i.e., control), (3, 4) those with a bilateral CN injury treated with 10–20 mg/kg of sildenafil subcutaneously (SC) on a daily basis commencing 1 month prior to and after nerve injuries, respectively, (5, 6) those with a bilateral CN injury treated daily with 10–20 mg/kg of sildenafil SC after the nerve injuries, respectively. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) were measured in response to CN stimulation to assess erectile function (EF). Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunohistochemical analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed. The maximal ICP/MAP ratio was 60 ± 18% in the sham, 22 ± 5% in the control, 28 ± 9% in Group III, 45 ± 16% in Group IV, 45 ± 17% in Group V, and 49 ± 21% in Group VI. Although EF was improved with sildenafil treatment in a dose-dependent fashion, no statistically significant difference was observed between the preemptive and standard rehabilitation groups. Again, nNOS immunoreactivity and RT-PCR results showed the beneficial effect of sildenafil, but the study did not support the efficacy of preemptive rehabilitation when compared to the standard rehabilitation group. Although, a dose–response relationship was observed for PR treatment with sildenafil; i.e., outcomes improved at higher doses of sildenafil for PR, preemptive PR should not be pursued as an alternative rehabilitation modality.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in acute/subacute unilateral renal function after the relief of complete unilateral ureteral obstruction by nephrostomy. Materials and Methods Thirty patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. All had ureteral stone, which were located in the upper ureter in 24 (80%) and in the middle ureter in 6 (20%) patients. As all patients had high-grade hydronephrosis, a percutaneous nephrostomy catheter was placed for the relief of obstruction. At the first week of urinary diversion, 24-hour creatinine clearance (CC) of both affected and normal kidneys were evaluated. In order to determine the difference, same evaluation was performed on the fourth week of nephrostomy placement. Results The mean age of the patients was 44.6 (36-54) years. The mean CC of the affected kidney was 38.8 similar to 4.9 ml/min in the first week of urinary diversion and increased to 42.5 similar to 5.4 ml/min at the end of the fourth week (p

WOS: 000333324400007, PubMed ID: 24552354, Oxidative stress plays an important role both in spinal cord injury (SCI) and erectile dysfunction (ED). The present study investigated the effects of melatonin and tadalafil treatment alone or in combination on SCI-induced ED. Male Wistar albino rats (n=40) were divided into five groups: sham-operated control and SCI-injured rats given either vehicle, melatonin (10mg/kg, i.p.), tadalafil (10mg/kg, p.o.) or a combination of melatonin and tadalafil. Spinal cord injury was induced using a standard weight-drop method. On Day 7 after SCI, intracavernosal pressure (ICP) was measured and all rats were decapitated. Cavernosal tissues were obtained to examine caspase 3, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as cGMP, nerve growth factor (NGF), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Spinal cord injury caused oxidative damage, as evidenced by increases in MDA and cGMP levels. In addition, MPO and caspase 3 activites were increased after SCI, whereas GSH and NGF levels and SOD activity were reduced. Melatonin effectively reversed these oxidative changes. Furthermore, in rats treated with both melatonin and tadalafil, the recoveries were more pronounced than in rats given either melatonin or tadalafil alone. The ICP/mean arterial pressure value in vehicle-treated SCI rats was significantly higher than in the control group, whereas in the tadalafil- and tadalafil+melatonin-treated groups have returned this value had returned to control levels. As an individual treatment, and especially when combined with tadalafil, a well-known agent in the treatment of ED, melatonin prevented SCI-induced oxidative damage to cavernosal tissues and restored ED, most likely due to its anti-oxidant effects.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate TMPRSS2:ERG fusion rates in tissue, urine, blood, and pubic hair samples in a cohort of patients with localized prostate cancer and to correlate these findings with various clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 40 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer (RRP group) and 10 control patients undergoing prostate biopsy were enrolled between 2006 and 2008. Urine, pubic hair, and peripheral blood samples were obtained following prostatic massage before the needle biopsy or radical prostatectomy. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed on all collected samples. Results: The patients’ mean age was 62.4 (±5.5) years. We observed higher expressions of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion in tissue, urine, and blood samples from the RRP group than in samples from the control group. Overall, the fusion was present in urine samples of 23 RRP patients (57.5%). To predict high-stage cancer (＞T3a), the Gleason score was the only significant factor in the logistic regression analysis (score, 10.579; p=0.001). Quantitative evaluation of the gene fusion in tissue (Pearson r=0.36, p=0.011) and urine (Pearson r=0.34, p=0.014) samples had a significant positive correlation with the preoperative prostate-specific antigen level. Conclusions: Urine sediments collected after prostatic massage appear to be a feasible noninvasive method of detecting TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. The Gleason score is the only significant factor to predict high-stage cancer (＞T3a). No correlation between TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion status and tumor stage, Gleason grade, prostate-specific antigen level, or surgical margin status was observed.

Infertility affects about 10-15% of all couples attempting pregnancy with infertility attributed to the male partner in approximately half of the cases. Proposed causes of male infertility include sperm motility disturbances, Y chromosome microdeletions, chromosomal abnormalities, single gene mutations, and sperm mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangements. To investigate the etiology of decreased sperm fertility and motility of sperm and to develop an appropriate therapeutic strategy, the molecular basis of these defects must be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to reveal the relationships between the genetic factors including sperm mtDNA mutations, Y chromosome microdeletions, and sperm parameters that can be regarded as candidate factors for male infertility. Thirty men with a history of infertility and 30 fertile men were recruited to the study. Y chromosome microdeletions were analyzed by multiplex PCR. Mitochondrial genes ATPase6, Cytb, and ND1, were amplified by PCR and then analyzed by direct sequencing. No Y chromosome microdeletions were detected in either group. However, a total of 38 different nucleotide substitutions were identified in the examined mitochondrial genes in both groups, all of which are statistically non-significant. Fifteen substitutions caused an amino acid change and 12 were considered novel mutations. As a conclusion, mtDNA mutations and Y chromosome microdeletions in male infertility should be examined in larger numbers in order to clarify the effect of genetic factors.