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We report a promiscuous flavonoid 7,4′-di-O-glycosyltransferase (ZjOGT3), which shows high catalytic efficiency and regio-selectivity. And the regio-selectivity of ZjOGT3 was controlled by intrinsic reactivity and the enzyme microenvironment.

Apiose is a natural pentose containing an unusual branched-chair structure. Apiosides are bioactive natural products widely present in the plant kingdom. However, the essential apiosylation reaction in the biosynthetic pathways of apiosides has been missing. In this work, we report the first apiosyltransferase GuApiGT, which from medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis. GuApiGT could efficiently catalyze 2″-O-apiosylation of flavonoid glycosides, and exhibits strict sugar donor selectivity towards UDP-apiose. We solved the crystal structure of GuApiGT, determined a key sugar-binding motif (RLGSDH) through structural analysis and theoretical calculations, and obtained mutants with altered sugar selectivity through protein engineering. Based on the motif, we discovered 121 candidate apiosyltransferase genes from Leguminosae plants, and identified the functions of 4 enzymes. Moreover, we introduced GuApiGT and its upstream genes into Nicotiana benthamiana, and completed de novo biosynthesis of a series of flavonoid apiosides, including the anti-tussive compound liquiritin apioside at a yield of 5.46 mg/g (DW).

A hydrolytically stable MOF with a narrow and hydrophobic pore aperture shows the capability to remove C3H4 from a C3H4/C3H6 binary gas by a size exclusion adsorption mechanism even if the binary gas was pre-saturated with water vapor.

Two isostructural MOFs BUT-150 and BUT-151 with unique nickel clusters have been synthesized. The presence of open metal sites, large pi conjugation and appropriate pore size lead to efficient separation of the ternary C2H2/C2H6/C2H4 mixture.

ABSTACTA total of 16 fungal strains were isolated from fresh leaves and flowers of

Adaptation to reduced energy production during aging is a fundamental issue for maintaining healthspan or prolonging life span. Currently, however, the underlying mechanism in long-lived people remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed transcriptomes of 185 long-lived individuals (LLIs) and 86 spouses of their children from two independent Chinese longevity cohorts and found that the ribosome pathway was significantly down-regulated in LLIs. We found that the down-regulation is likely controlled by ETS1 (ETS proto-oncogene 1), a transcription factor down-regulated in LLIs and positively coexpressed with most ribosomal protein genes (RPGs). Functional assays showed that ETS1 can bind to RPG promoters, while ETS1 knockdown reduces RPG expression and alleviates cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and embryonic lung fibroblast (IMR-90) cells. As protein synthesis/turnover in ribosomes is an energy-intensive cellular process, the decline in ribosomal biogenesis governed by ETS1 in certain female LLIs may serve as an alternative mechanism to achieve energy-saving and healthy aging.

Although conventional oxygen therapy (COT) is widely used, hypoxemia frequently occurs in gastrointestinal endoscopy with conscious sedation and can lead to life-threatening consequences. High flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) has been applied to improve oxygenation in clinical entities. However, its efficacy to prevent hypoxemia in gastrointestinal endoscopy with conscious sedation has not been evaluated.We searched databases to identify randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of HFNO with COT in gastrointestinal endoscopy with conscious sedation. The primary outcome was hypoxemia. Meta-analyses with trial sequential analysis were performed using a random-effects model.Eight trials with 3212 patients were included. Compared with COT, HFNO significantly reduced the risk of hypoxemia (eight trials; 3212 patients; risk ratio 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13-0.70). Trial sequential analysis showed that the cumulative Z curve did not cross the monitoring or futility boundaries, nor reach the required information size line, indicating that more trials are needed to reach a definitive conclusion. Subgroup analyses indicated the superiority of HFNO over COT with respect to hypoxemia in patients at low risk and high risk. HFNO further improved the lowest oxygen saturation (four trials; 459 patients; mean difference 2.30, 95% CI 0.84-3.77).Compared with COT, HFNO can reduce the risk of hypoxemia and improve the lowest oxygen saturation in gastrointestinal endoscopy with conscious sedation. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to substantial heterogeneity and limited evidence. Further studies are needed to verify the preliminary findings.

Under investigation in this paper is a discrete reduced integrable nonlinear Schrodinger system on a triangular-lattice ribbon, which may have some prospective applications in modern nanoribbon. First, we construct the infinitely many conservation laws and discrete N-fold Darboux transformation for this system based on its known Lax pair. Then bright–bright multi-soliton and breather solutions in terms of determinants are obtained by means of the resulting Darboux transformation. Moreover, we investigate soliton interactions through asymptotic analysis and analyze some important physical quantities such as amplitudes, wave numbers, wave widths, velocities, energies and initial phases. Finally, the dynamical evolution behaviors are discussed via numerical simulations. It is found that soliton interactions in this system are elastic, and their evolutions are stable against a small noise in a short period of time. Results obtained in this paper may have some prospective applications for understanding some physical phenomena.

Under investigation in this paper is a higher-order nonlinear self-dual network equation, which may simulate the wave propagation in a ladder type electric circuit. By means of the N-fold Darboux transformation and symbolic computation, the N-soliton solutions in determinant form are obtained. Based on the asymptotic and graphic analysis, the elastic interaction phenomena between/among two-, three- and four-soliton solutions are discussed, and some important physical quantities are accurately analyzed. Numerical simulations are used to explore the dynamical stability of one- and two-soliton solutions. Results might be helpful for understanding the propagation and interaction properties of electrical signals in a ladder type nonlinear self-dual network.

Quasicrystals show some excellent properties including high strength, corrosion resistance, low friction coefficient, low conductivity and low level of porosity. Due to their special structures, which are sensitive to force, electricity, magnetism, heat and optics. Quasicrystals with piezoelectric effect can be applied in surface modification of materials and reinforced composites. Thus, it is of great significance to consider the layered structures made of piezoelectric quasicrystal (PQC) composites. In engineering practice, due to manufacturing or interlaminar aging and other reasons, microcracks or cavities may appear in the material, which will lead to material interface slip or debonding. Such interface is commonly called imperfect interface. In this paper, the generalized linear spring layer model is introduced to obtain the imperfect interface propagator matrix for PQC plates, analytical solutions of static bending deformation of 1D hexagonal PQC layered plates with imperfect interface are derived under electroelastic loads. The influence of stacking sequence and imperfect interface degree of sandwich plates composed of piezoelectric materials and quasicrystal materials on the field response of two sandwich plates is analyzed. Some important results are found from the numerical analysis, which provides theoretical reference for the study of physical properties of quasicrystals, and the optimization and design of PQC composites.

In this paper, we investigate a semi-discrete two-component integrable system on zigzag-runged ladder lattice and find a variety of two-component localized waves. First of all, we investigate the modulational instability to reveal the formation mechanism of rogue waves from three distinct plane-wave solutions for this system. Secondly, the discrete generalized $$(m,N-m)$$ -fold Darboux transformation is first constructed to solve this system. As applications, three kinds of plane-wave seed solutions are chosen to exhibit discrete two-component localized wave solutions including rogue wave solutions, breather solutions, periodic wave solutions and interaction solutions. Moreover, the dynamical behaviors of such localized wave solutions are discussed via numerical simulation. Finally, we summarize a few mathematical features to obtain various two-component localized waves through the discrete generalized $$(m,N-m)$$ -fold Darboux transformation. It is found that there are simultaneously bright–dark, dark–bright and bright–bright two-component rogue wave solutions in this discrete two-component system, and moreover, the shapes of bright–dark rogue waves in two components appear alternately with the increase of order number of Darboux transformation when some special seed solutions are selected, which have not been reported before. It is hoped that the results obtained in this paper may be used to understand some related physical phenomena.

Objective To systematically evaluate and quantify the effects of rotigotine treatment on neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods We searched for articles involving randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were published before September 1, 2017, in the PubMed, Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate changes in the scales used to assess neuropsychiatric symptoms. The data were analyzed using Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager 5.3 software. Results We identified 8 RCTs involving 1675 subjects. Compared with placebo treatment, treatment with the rotigotine transdermal patch significantly improved scores for the emotion/apathy domains of the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Apathy Scale (AS), the sleep/fatigue domains of the NMSS, the 8-item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8) and the 39-item PDQ (PDQ-39) (emotion/apathy domain of the NMSS: MD = −2.5, 95% CI [−4.11, 0.89]; BDI-II: MD = −1.19, 95% CI [−2.30, 0.08]; AS: MD = −1.56, 95% CI [−2.67, 0.45]; sleep/fatigue domain of the NMSS: MD = −2.03, 95% CI [−3.08, 0.98]; PDQ-8: MD = −4.93, 95% CI [−6.79, 3.07]; PDQ-39: MD = −3.52, 95% CI [−5.25, 1.79]; PDQ-8 and PDQ-39: SMD = −0.36,95% CI [−0.49,0.23]). The results of the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale 2nd version (PDSS-2) were heterogeneous, and those on the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) were not statistically significant (P = .61). Conclusion The rotigotine transdermal patch effectively improved neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in patients with PD. Further studies are warranted.

In this paper, the higher-order nonlinear self-dual network equation is investigated. Firstly, an integrable lattice hierarchy associated with this equation is constructed from a discrete matrix spectral problem without the denominator. Secondly, the condition of modulational instability for this equation is given. Thirdly, the infinitely many conservation laws are constructed on the basis of its new Lax representation. Finally, the discrete generalised $$(m, N-m)$$ -fold Darboux transformation (DT) with non-zero constant as seed solution is used to derive new rational soliton (RS) and mixed interaction solutions. As an application, RS solutions can be obtained by the discrete generalised $$(1, N-1)$$ -fold DT (i.e., generalised $$(m, N-m)$$ -fold DT with $$m=1$$ ), and mixed interaction solutions of the usual sech-type soliton (US) and RS can be derived by the discrete generalised $$(2, N-2)$$ -fold DT (i.e., generalised $$(m, N-m)$$ -fold DT with $$m=2$$ ). We also perform the numerical simulations for such soliton solutions to explore their dynamical behaviours. Results given in this paper may have some prospective applications for understanding the propagation of electrical signals.

A molecular motor transport model which is much closer to the actual situation is studied in this work. The two-chain totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) with transverse and longitudinal binding energy is proposed, where particles transport in parallel. A new analytical method of cluster mean-field (CMF) analysis is proposed, which fully considers the boundary effects. The given new method of CMF is found to greatly improve the analytical accuracy of the traditional CMF and simple mean-field (SMF) analyses. Since the interactions among particles in the two channels are heavily considered, the state of the system is found to be sensitive to the change of external energy. Phase diagram and its evolution and the relationship between average density and total flux in the chain are found to be affected by the participation of energy. At the same time, a platform is found in the relationship curve reflecting total current versus average density. This relationship curve is also found to be symmetry to the average density 0.5. This paper presents a new system based on TASEPs in terms of the chain number and coupling binding energy. It will be conducive for proposing physical systems of real active systems and providing a new way for future research on real transport of molecular motors depicted by TASEPs.

Proving Material for giving to reviewers.

Background The Internet has become an important carrier for consumers to express their health information needs and search for health information,we can analyze a lot of valuable information about what the patients are concerned, and health providers like hospitals can make use of these questions raised by patients to improve their services such as patient health education, patient follow-up to consumers. However, there are no Internet-based analyses of health information needs pertaining to diabetes in China until now. Hereby, The diabetes problems put forward by consumers on the 39 health website were dynamically analyzed in order to know the trends of consumers' demand for health information of diabetes and provide reference to improve health education and patients' self-management ability of blood glucose.Methods we have done a study of statistically analyzing the questions about diabetes collected from 39 health website, the number of which is 151,589. We have divided these questions into 9 categories using a convolutional neural networkResults The diabetes problems of consumer are presented as follows, diagnosis: 34.95%, treatment: 25.17%, lifestyle: 21.09%, complication: 8.00%, maternity-related:5.00%, prognosis: 2.59%, health provider choosing: 1.40%, prevention: 1.23%, others: 0.58%, The elderly are more concerned about the treatment and complications of diabetes, while the young are more concerned about the maternity-related and prognosis of diabetes.The diabetes drugs most frequently mentioned by consumers are insulin, metformin and Xiaoke pills,The most concerned complication is caidiovascular disease and diabetic eye disease.Conclusion Diabetes health education should focus on how to prevent diabetes and the contents of health education should be different for differernt age groups ;on diabetes treatment, the use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs education should be strengthened.

To elucidate whether Bronze Age population dispersals from the Eurasian Steppe to South Asia contributed to the gene pool of Indo-Iranian-speaking groups, we analyzed 19,568 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from northern Pakistani and surrounding populations, including 213 newly generated mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from Iranian and Dardic groups, both speakers from the ancient Indo-Iranian branch in northern Pakistan. Our results showed that 23% of mtDNA lineages with west Eurasian origin arose in situ in northern Pakistan since ~5000 years ago (kya), a time depth very close to the documented Indo-European dispersals into South Asia during the Bronze Age. Together with ancient mitogenomes from western Eurasia since the Neolithic, we identified five haplogroups (~8.4% of maternal gene pool) with roots in the Steppe region and subbranches arising (age ~5–2 kya old) in northern Pakistan as genetic legacies of Indo-Iranian speakers. Some of these haplogroups, such as W3a1b that have been found in the ancient samples from the late Bronze Age to the Iron Age period individuals of Swat Valley northern Pakistan, even have sub-lineages (age ~4 kya old) in the southern subcontinent, consistent with the southward spread of Indo-Iranian languages. By showing that substantial genetic components of Indo-Iranian speakers in northern Pakistan can be traced to Bronze Age in the Steppe region, our study suggests a demographic link with the spread of Indo-Iranian languages, and further highlights the corridor role of northern Pakistan in the southward dispersal of Indo-Iranian-speaking groups.

Background An increasing number of nucleic acid modifications have been profiled with the development of sequencing technologies. DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA), which is a prevalent epigenetic modification, plays important roles in a series of biological processes. So far, identification of DNA 6mA relies primarily on time-consuming and expensive experimental approaches. However, in silico methods can be implemented to conduct preliminary screening to save experimental resources and time, especially given the rapid accumulation of sequencing data. Results In this study, we constructed a 6mA predictor, p6mA, from a series of sequence-based features, including physicochemical properties, position-specific triple-nucleotide propensity (PSTNP), and electron–ion interaction pseudopotential (EIIP). We performed maximum relevance maximum distance (MRMD) analysis to select key features and used the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to build our predictor. Results demonstrated that p6mA outperformed other existing predictors using different datasets. Conclusions p6mA can predict the methylation status of DNA adenines, using only sequence files. It may be used as a tool to help the study of 6mA distribution pattern. Users can download it from https://github.com/Konglab404/p6mA.

Being a vital two-dimensional multibody interacting particle system in nonlinear science and complex systems, exclusion network fuses totally asymmetric simple exclusion process into underlying complex network dynamics. This study constructs equiprobable exclusion network with heterogeneous interactions by introducing randomly generated interaction rates on each random path. Nodes are equivalent to subnetworks modelled by periodic TASEPs. Analytical solutions of typical order parameters are obtained by exploring dynamical transitions among configuration probabilities validated by meticulous balance theory. Physical mechanisms of underlying exclusion network dynamics are revealed by discussing TASEP with boundaries and Langmuir kinetics. New analytical method named as isoline analyses on mechanisms of spatial correlation and spatiotemporal evolution is proposed. Phase boundaries between initial state and steady state are analytically solved, which have a high agreement with simulations. Fruitful mechanisms of system transiting from initial phase to steady phases are discovered. It will have theoretical and practical value of deeply understanding evolution laws of cluster dynamics of self-driven particles and exploring non-equilibrium phase transitions in active systems.

Hydrophobic property of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is not only important for their stability improvement but also has a profound effect on the performance of many applications. The essence of coordination bonds led to most of the MOFs are hydrophilic and hydrophobic MOFs are generally achieved by hydrophobic modification of pore surface. Here, we report the systematic regulation of water adsorption and hydrophobic property of a classical MOF MIL-101(Cr) through post-synthetic modification. The contact angle (CA) of modified MIL-101 could vary from 17.9° to 146.5° by changing the alkyl chain length of primary amines. The water adsorption capacity and step pressure can also be tuned correspondingly.

BackgroundAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignant cancer in the adrenal cortex with poor prognosis. Though previous research has attempted to elucidate the progression of ACC, its molecular mechanism remains poorly understood.MethodsGene transcripts per million (TPM) data were downloaded from the UCSC Xena database, which included ACC (The Cancer Genome Atlas,n= 77) and normal samples (Genotype Tissue Expression,n= 128). We used weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify gene connections. Overall survival (OS) was determined using the univariate Cox model. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes.ResultsTo determine the critical genes involved in ACC progression, we obtained 2,953 significantly differentially expressed genes and nine modules. Among them, the blue module demonstrated significant correlation with the “Stage” of ACC. Enrichment analysis revealed that genes in the blue module were mainly enriched in cell division, cell cycle, and DNA replication. Combined with the PPI and co-expression networks, we identified four hub genes (i.e.,TOP2A,TTK,CHEK1, andCENPA) that were highly expressed in ACC and negatively correlated with OS. Thus, these identified genes may play important roles in the progression of ACC and serve as potential biomarkers for future diagnosis.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), an endogenous peptide, exerts important role in brain development, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. There are accumulating evidence for the interaction of IGF-1 and 17β-estradiol systems. IGF-1/IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling has been reported to regulate G-protein estrogen receptor (GPER) expression in cancer cells. Whether GPER is involved in the neuroprotective effect of IGF-1 against MPTP/MPP

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a worldwide anti-epileptic drug, whose fate and migration can be greatly influenced by contact with dissolved organic matter (DOM). The properties of DOM in road runoff can be greatly changed by grassy swale (GS) treatment, which influences the complexation of CBZ with DOM. Spectroscopic techniques were employed to explore the different binding properties between CBZ and DOM, and to understand the migration and biogeochemistry of CBZ. The two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS)demonstrated that effluent DOM displayed more binding sites for CBZ than influent DOM, and the binding sequencing of CBZ with DOM fluorophores can be greatly influenced by GS treatment. The results also suggest that protein-like materials exhibit higher log KM values than other fluorescent components, indicating that fluorescent protein-like materials play a crucial role in the biogeochemical behavior of CBZ. Meanwhile, the log KM values showed a remarkable increase after GS treatment. GS treatment can also remove most fluorescent DOM, reducing the risk of CBZ in the water environment.

In this paper, three nonlinear differential-difference equations (NDDEs) from the same hierarchy are investigated using the generalised perturbation $$(n,N-n)$$ -fold Darboux transformation (DT) technique. The dark multisoliton solutions in terms of determinants for three equations are obtained by means of the discrete N-fold DT. Propagation and elastic interaction structures of such soliton solutions are shown graphically. The details of their evolutions are studied through numerical simulations. Numerical results show the accuracy of our numerical scheme and the stable evolutions of such dark multisolitons without a noise. We find that the solutions of lower-order NDDEs in the same hierarchy are more robust against a small noise than their corresponding higher-order NDDEs. The discrete generalised perturbation $$(1,N-1)$$ -fold DT is used to derive some discrete rational and semirational solutions of the first equation, and a few mathematical features are also discussed. Results in this paper might be helpful for understanding some physical phenomena.

In this letter, inspired by the idea of Ablowitz and Musslimani, we propose and investigate a discrete nonlocal reverse-space coupled Ablowitz–Ladik equation. Based on its Lax pair, we construct discrete nonlocal version of the generalized ( m , N − m ) -fold Darboux transformation for this system. Using the resulting Darboux transformation, we can obtain its different types of exact solutions including breathing-soliton and singular rogue wave solutions from vanishing and plane wave backgrounds. Breathing-soliton propagation and interaction features are investigated through asymptotic analysis. The wave structures of these singular rogue wave solutions are discussed and shown graphically. It is clearly shown that these solutions have new properties which differ from ones of the local coupled Ablowitz–Ladik equation.

Under investigation is a higher-order coupled Ablowitz–Ladik equation whose integrability is established in the sense of Lax pair. With symbolic computation, the N -fold Darboux transformation is used to construct discrete multi-soliton solutions in the determinant form. Soliton propagation and elastic interaction features are investigated through asymptotic analysis and analyzing some important physical quantities. Numerical simulations are used to explore the dynamical stability of one- and two-soliton solutions.