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1. A Case Study of Spreadsheet Use within the Finance and Academic Registry units within a Higher Education Institution

Author: Thorne, Simon and Hancock, Jamie
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract: This paper presents the findings of a case study of spreadsheet use in a higher education institution in the UK. The paper considers the use of spreadsheets in two units of the organisation, academic registry and finance. Spreadsheet use is explored in terms of importance, training, experience, purpose, techniques deployed, size of spreadsheets created and sharing of spreadsheets. The implications of the results are then considered in terms of accurate reporting to external funding bodies such the funding councils, internal data integrity and internal data efficiencies. The results show a large volume of spreadsheets being created and used, that the profile of spreadsheet developers is typical of other studies of spreadsheet use and the need for the organisation to have clear principles and guidelines for the development of spreadsheet models in the organisation to ensure data integrity, reduce duplication of effort and to optimise the use of spreadsheets to meet the institutions goals., Comment: 15 Pages, 20 Tables
Published: 2019

2. Trouble at Sea: Data and digital technology challenges for maritime human rights concerns

Author: Hancock, Jamie, primary, Hui, Ruoyun, additional, Singh, Jatinder, additional, and Mazumder, Anjali, additional
Published: 2024
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3. The tensions of data sharing for human rights: A modern slavery case study

Author: Hancock, Jamie, primary, Mahesh, Sarada, additional, Cobbe, Jennifer, additional, Singh, Jatinder, additional, and Mazumder, Anjali, additional
Published: 2024
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4. Seeing Human Rights at Sea: How to Align Tech Development with the Needs of Maritime Human Rights Investigators and Affected Communities

Author: Hancock, Jamie, primary, Hui, Ruoyun, additional, Singh, Jatinder, additional, and Mazumder, Anjali, additional
Published: 2024
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5. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afshin, Ashkan, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibthiel, Aiyar, Sneha, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Alabed, Samer, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alasfoor, Deena, Aldridge, Robert William, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed M, Alkaabi, Juma M, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allam, Shalini D, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ameh, Emmanuel A, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Assaye, Ashagre Molla, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atre, Sachin R, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Balalla, Shivanthi, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benson, Jennifer, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Bjerregaard, Peter, Blosser, Christopher D, Boneya, Dube Jara, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R A, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Brugha, Traolach S, Bukhman, Gene, Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Bumgarner, Blair Randal, Burch, Michael, Butt, Zahid A, Cahill, Leah E, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Car, Josip, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Franz F, Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chen, Honglei, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Coresh, Josef, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crump, John A, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, das Neves, José, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dherani, Mukesh K, Diaz-Torné, Cesar, Ding, Eric L, Dixit, Priyanka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Doku, David Teye, Donnelly, Christl Ann, dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Dwivedi, Laxmi Kant, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshetie, Setegn, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fanuel, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele, Faro, André, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Fernandes, João C, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frank, Tahvi, Franklin, Richard C, Fraser, Maya, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph J, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M, Futran, Neal D, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gankpé, Fortuné Gbètoho, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos, Gebremichael, Mengistu Welday, Gelaye, Amha Admasie, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gemechu, Kasiye Shiferaw, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W, Gibney, Katherine B, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Girma, Bedilu Weji, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Gomez, Beatriz, Gona, Philimon N, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hakuzimana, Alex, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J, Hay, Simon I, He, Fei, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hilawe, Esayas Haregot, Hoek, Hans W, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Huang, Hsiang, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Inoue, Manami, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Irvine, Caleb M S, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islam, Nazrul, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jaenisch, Thomas, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N, Jha, Vivekanand, Jin, Ye, John, Denny, John, Oommen, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Ketema, Ezra Belay, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Yun Jin, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Sungroul, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kishawi, Sami, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimaki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumsa, Fekede Asefa, Kutz, Michael, Lachat, Carl, Lagat, Abraham K, Lager, Anton Carl Jonas, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lambert, Nkurunziza, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larson, Heidi J, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Lavados, Pablo M, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Liao, Yu, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lorch, Scott A, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn RachelleKing, Machado, Isis Eloah, Mackay, Mark T, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Marczak, Laurie B, Marks, Guy B, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Massano, João, Maulik, Pallab K, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGarvey, Stephen Theodore, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehta, Kala M, Meier, Toni, Mekonnen, Tefera Chane, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Menon, Geetha R, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Mikesell, Joseph, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Murali B V, Mohanty, Sanjay K, Mokdad, Ali H, Mollenkopf, Sarah K, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D, Moore, Ami R, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Morrison, Shane D, Mruts, Kalayu Birhane, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mullany, Erin, Muller, Kate, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naidoo, Kovin S, Nanda, Lipika, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Grant, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Nyakarahuka, Luke, O'Donnell, Martin J, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, PA, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E, Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Pereira, David M, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie Beth, Petri, William Arthur, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B, Pigott, David M, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Postma, Maarten J, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Narayan, Purwar, Manorama, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Rabiee, Rynaz H S, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E, Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago, Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Saadat, Soheil, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salama, Joseph, Salamati, Payman, Salomon, Joshua A, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete I, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schulhofer-Wohl, Sam, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Seid, Abdulbasit Musa, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shen, Jiabin, Shetty, Balakrishna P, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shifa, Girma Temam, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silberberg, Donald H, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skarbek, Katarzyna A Kissimova, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Sligar, Amber, Smith, David L, Sobaih, Badr H A, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Soriano, Joan B, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stöckl, Heidi, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strong, Mark, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick J, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tadese, Fentaw, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tarajia, Musharaf, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekelab, Tesfalidet, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesema, Cheru Leshargie, Tesssema, Belay, Theis, Andrew, Thomas, Nihal, Thompson, Alex H, Thomson, Alan J, Thrift, Amanda G, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tortajada, Miguel, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thomas, Trujillo, Ulises, Tsilimparis, Nikolaos, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi, van Boven, Job F M, Varakin, Yuri Y, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Velasquez, Ilais Moreno, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Violante, Francesco S, Vishnu, Abhishek, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Waid, Jillian L, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Werdecker, Andrea, Wesana, Joshua, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wilkinson, James D, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D A, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zeeb, Hajo, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Anthony Lin, Zhang, Xueying, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Lopez, Alan D, and Murray, Christopher J L
Published: 2017
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6. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Naghavi, Mohsen, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afshin, Ashkan, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aiyar, Sneha, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Syed Danish, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkaabi, Juma M, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla, Andersen, Hjalte H, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Hossein, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon W, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G, Awasthi, Ashish, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Bacha, Umar, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H, Baune, Bernhard T, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, James R, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Bisanzio, Donal, Bourne, Rupert R A, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Bumgarner, Blair R, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cameron, Ewan, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Charlson, Fiona J, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J, Colombara, Danny, Cooper, Cyrus, Cowie, Benjamin C, Criqui, Michael H, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, das Neves, José, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Dey, Subhojit, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Doku, David Teye, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Echko, Michelle, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Enayati, Ahmadali, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C, Ferrari, Alize J, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Finegold, Samuel, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Foigt, Nataliya, Frank, Tahvi, Fraser, 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Published: 2017
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7. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Wang, Haidong, Naghavi, Mohsen, Allen, Christine, Barber, Ryan M, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Alan Zian, Coates, Matthew M, Coggeshall, Megan, Dandona, Lalit, Dicker, Daniel J, Erskine, Holly E, Ferrari, Alize J, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foreman, Kyle, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fraser, Maya S, Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W, Goldberg, Ellen M, Graetz, Nicholas, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hay, Simon I, Huynh, Chantal, Johnson, Catherine O, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H, Larson, Heidi J, Leung, Janni, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Margaret, Lozano, Rafael, Marquez, Neal, Mensah, George A, Mikesell, Joe, Mokdad, Ali H, Mooney, Meghan D, Nguyen, Grant, Nsoesie, Elaine, Pigott, David M, Pinho, Christine, Roth, Gregory A, Salomon, Joshua A, Sandar, Logan, Silpakit, Naris, Sligar, Amber, Sorensen, Reed J D, Stanaway, Jeffrey, Steiner, Caitlyn, Teeple, Stephanie, Thomas, Bernadette A, Troeger, Christopher, VanderZanden, Amelia, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wanga, Valentine, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wolock, Timothy, Zoeckler, Leo, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abreu, Daisy M X, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, José C, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Lami, Faris Hasan Al, Alabed, Samer, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K M, Alasfoor, Deena, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alegretti, Miguel Angel, Aleman, Alicia V, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Alexander, Lily T, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, 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Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lam, Jennifer O, Langan, Sinead M, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Latif, Asma Abdul, Lawrynowicz, Alicia Elena Beatriz, Leigh, James, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Lindsay, M Patrice, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lo, Loon-Tzian, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Ma, Stefan, Machado, Vasco Manuel Pedro, Mackay, Mark T, MacLachlan, Jennifer H, Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El, Magdy, Mohammed, Razek, Abd El, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Manamo, Wondimu Ayele Ayele, Mandisarisa, John, Mangalam, Srikanth, Mapoma, Chabila C, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Martin, Gerard Robert, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Masiye, Felix, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Massano, João, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, McGarvey, Stephen Theodore, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, McMahon, Brian J, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mock, Charles N, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mola, Glen Liddell D, Monasta, Lorenzo, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Montero, Pablo, Montico, Marcella, Montine, Thomas J, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Morgan, Katherine, Mori, Rintaro, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naik, Nitish, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nash, Denis, Nejjari, Chakib, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles R, Newton, John N, Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, de Dieu Ngirabega, Jean, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Paul E, Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Majdi, Ota, Erika, Ozdemir, Raziye, PA, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Pant, Puspa Raj, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Jae-Hyun, Parry, Charles D, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paul, Vinod K, Pearce, Neil, Pedro, João Mário, Stokic, Ljiljana Pejin, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B, Pillay, Julian David, Plass, Dietrich, Platts-Mills, James A, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, C Arden, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quame-Amaglo, Justice, Quistberg, D Alex, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajavi, Zhale, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Murugesan, Rakovac, Ivo, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi L, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rao, Puja, Rao, Sowmya R, Refaat, Amany H, Rehm, Jürgen, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Ricci, Stefano, Blancas, Maria Jesus Rios, Roberts, Bayard, Roca, Anna, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nawal K, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sagar, Rajesh, Saha, Sukanta, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sanchez-Riera, Lidia, Santos, Itamar S, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schaub, Michael P, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya A, Shaddick, Gavin, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Shen, Ziyan, Shepard, Donald S, Sheth, Kevin N, Shetty, Balakrishna P, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Silverberg, Jonathan I, Simard, Edgar P, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Gitanjali M, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Virendra, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Soriano, Joan B, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Stranges, Saverio, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tandon, Nikhil, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R, Ao, Braden J Te, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku Mekonnen, Have, Margreet Ten, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thomson, Alan J, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tirschwell, David L, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thomas, Trujillo, Ulises, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uthman, Olalekan A, Dingenen, Rita Van, van Donkelaar, Aaron, Vasankari, Tommi, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Villalpando, Salvador, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Wagner, Joseph A, Wagner, Gregory R, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Linhong, Watkins, David A, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard A, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wilkinson, James D, Williams, Hywel C, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret, Wolfe, Charles D A, Won, Sungho, Wong, John Q, Woolf, Anthony D, Xavier, Denis, Xiao, Qingyang, Xu, Gelin, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yip, Paul, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yonga, Gerald, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Shicheng, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zannad, Faiez, Zavala, Diego E, Zeeb, Hajo, Zeleke, Berihun M, Zhang, Hao, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zonies, David, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Vos, Theo, Lopez, Alan D, and Murray, Christopher J L
Published: 2016
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8. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Vos, Theo, Allen, Christine, Arora, Megha, Barber, Ryan M, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Brown, Alexandria, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Alan Z, Coggeshall, Megan, Cornaby, Leslie, Dandona, Lalit, Dicker, Daniel J, Dilegge, Tina, Erskine, Holly E, Ferrari, Alize J, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Tom, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W, Goldberg, Ellen M, Graetz, Nicholas, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hay, Simon I, Johnson, Catherine O, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kawashima, Toana, Kemmer, Laura, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kyu, Hmwe H, Leung, Janni, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lopez, Alan D, Lozano, Rafael, Marczak, Laurie, Mensah, George A, Mokdad, Ali H, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nguyen, Grant, Nsoesie, Elaine, Olsen, Helen, Pigott, David M, Pinho, Christine, Rankin, Zane, Reinig, Nikolas, Salomon, Joshua A, Sandar, Logan, Smith, Alison, Stanaway, Jeffrey, Steiner, Caitlyn, Teeple, Stephanie, Thomas, Bernadette A, Troeger, Christopher, Wagner, Joseph A, Wang, Haidong, Wanga, Valentine, Whiteford, Harvey A, Zoeckler, Leo, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ajala, Oluremi N, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K M, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Alegretti, Miguel Angel, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Alexander, Lily T, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H, Anderson, Gregory M, Anderson, Benjamin O, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Arindam, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Brent, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brown, Jonathan, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey Colin, Butt, Zahid A, Calabria, Bianca, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Hélène, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Cooper, Cyrus, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A, Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Daoud, Farah, Dargan, Paul I, das Neves, José, Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian C, Leo, Diego De, Degenhardt, Louisa, Gobbo, Liana C Del, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C Des, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhillon, Preet K, Diaz-Torné, Cesar, Ding, Eric L, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ellenbogen, Richard G, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Estep, Kara, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L, Felson, David T, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Fernandes, Joao C, Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R A, Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Fox, Jordan, Franklin, Richard C, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Fürst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D, Gabbe, Belinda, Ganguly, Parthasarathi, Gankpé, Fortuné Gbètoho, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gessner, Bradford D, Gibney, Katherine B, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Glaser, Elizabeth, Godwin, William W, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Grainger, Rebecca, Greaves, Felix, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hoy, Damian G, Htet, Aung Soe, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Iyer, Veena J, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha P, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jimenez-Corona, Aida, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B, Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissoon, Niranjan, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kumar, G Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kwan, Gene F, Lal, Aparna, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lam, Jennifer O, Langan, Sinead M, Larsson, Anders, Lavados, Pablo M, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lo, Warren D, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Mackay, Mark T, Magdy, Mohammed, Razek, Abd El, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Massano, João, McGarvey, Stephen Theodore, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, McMahon, Brian J, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mitchell, Philip B, Mock, Charles N, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murdoch, Michele E, Nachega, Jean B, Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Newton, John N, Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Nolla, Joan M, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Rosana E, Norrving, Bo, Nunes, Bruno P, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Majdi, Ota, Erika, PA, Mahesh, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, de Azeredo Passos, Valéria Maria, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Pereira, David M, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B, Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Platts-Mills, James A, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H S, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rao, Puja, Refaat, Amany H, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Reynolds, Alex, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Blancas, Maria Jesus Rios, Roba, Hirbo Shore, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sanabria, Juan R, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schaub, Michael P, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schwebel, David C, Scott, James G, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya A, Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Upasana, Shen, Jiabin, Shepard, Donald S, Sheth, Kevin N, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Sivonda, Anna, Skirbekk, Vegard, Skogen, Jens Christoffer, Sligar, Amber, Sliwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Søreide, Kjetil, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Timothy J, Steinke, Sabine, Stovner, Lars, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takala, Jukka S, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R, Ao, Braden J Te, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thomson, Alan J, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thomas, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Gool, Coen H, Varakin, Yuri Y, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Waller, Stephen G, Wang, Linhong, Watkins, David A, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard A, Williams, Hywel C, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Won, Sungho, Woodbrook, Rachel, Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zeeb, Hajo, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J L
Published: 2016
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9. Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Wang, Haidong, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Coates, Matthew M, Coggeshall, Megan, Dandona, Lalit, Diallo, Khassoum, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Fraser, Maya, Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W, Hay, Simon I, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kita, Maaya, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Larson, Heidi J, Liang, Juan, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Margaret, Lopez, Alan D, Lozano, Rafael, Mensah, George A, Mikesell, Joseph B, Mokdad, Ali H, Mooney, Meghan D, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nguyen, Grant, Rakovac, Ivo, Salomon, Joshua A, Silpakit, Naris, Sligar, Amber, Sorensen, Reed J D, Vos, Theo, Zhu, Jun, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Agarwal, Arnav, Ajala, Oluremi N, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K M, Alasfoor, Deena, Aldridge, Robert William, Alegretti, Miguel Angel, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Ameh, Emmanuel A, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H, Anderson, Gregory M, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Banigbe, Bolanle F, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D, Bourne, Rupert R A, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brown, Alexandria, Buckle, Geoffrey Colin, Burch, Michael, Butt, Zahid A, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Cooper, Cyrus, Cornaby, Leslie, Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Rakhi, das Neves, José, Davis, Adrian C, de Jager, Pieter, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Jarlais, Don C Des, deVeber, Gabrielle A, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhillon, Preet K, Ding, Eric L, Doshi, Pratik Pinal, Doyle, Kerrie E, Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Joao C, Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R A, Foigt, Nataliya, Franklin, Richard C, Friedman, Joseph, Fürst, Thomas, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Ganguly, Parthasarathi, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gessner, Bradford D, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Harun, Kimani M, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Cheng, Huang, John J, Huang, Hsiang, Huiart, Laetitia, Huynh, Chantal, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T, Innos, Kaire, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B, Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Kang, Gagandeep, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Françoise, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khonelidze, Irma, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A, Kumar, G Anil, Kutz, Michael J, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lam, Jennifer O, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lindsay, M Patrice, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lo, Warren D, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Low, Nicola, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Ma, Stefan, Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El, Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd El, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mapoma, Chabila C, Marcenes, Wagner, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Masiye, Felix, McGrath, John J, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Mock, Charles N, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Moore, Ami R, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murphy, Georgina A V, Murthy, Srinivas, Nachega, Jean B, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Neupane, Subas, Newton, Charles R, Newton, John N, Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Pete, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Rosana E, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Oren, Eyal, Ota, Erika, PA, Mahesh, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Patten, Scott B, Pedro, João Mário, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H S, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Raju, Murugesan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja, Refaat, Amany H, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Reynolds, Alex, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Roy, Ambuj, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sagar, Rajesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Setegn, Tesfaye, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Sheth, Kevin N, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Hwashin Hyun, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shuie, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silverberg, Jonathan, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Virendra, Soriano, Joan B, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sturua, Lela, Sunguya, Bruno F, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku Mekonnen, Tekle, Tesfaye, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thapa, Kiran, Thomson, Alan J, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vaezghasemi, Masoud, Vasankari, Tommi, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wang, Linhong, Wang, Yanping, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, Wijeratne, Tissa, Williams, Thomas Neil, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wolfe, Ingrid, Won, Sungho, Wubshet, Mamo, Xiao, Qingyang, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zeeb, Hajo, Zhang, Hao, Zhao, Yong, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, and Murray, Christopher J L
Published: 2016
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10. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Barber, Ryan M, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Dandona, Lalit, Gething, Peter W, Hay, Simon I, Kinfu, Yohannes, Larson, Heidi J, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S, Lopez, Alan D, Lozano, Rafael, Mensah, George A, Mokdad, Ali H, Naghavi, Mohsen, Pinho, Christine, Salomon, Joshua A, Steiner, Caitlyn, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdallat, Mahmud A, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K M, Alasfoor, Deena, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H, Anderson, Gregory M, Antoine, Rose Mayerline, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Arsenijevic, Valentina S Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Wang, Neeraj Haidong, Bedi, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Abdulhak, Aref A Bin, Biroscak, Brian J, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brugha, Traolach S, Butt, Zahid A, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chavan, Laxmikant, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M, Coggeshall, Megan, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Dahiru, Tukur, Damasceno, Albertino, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Rakhi, das Neves, José, Leo, Diego De, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dicker, Daniel J, Ding, Eric L, Dossou, Edem, Dubey, Manisha, Ebel, Beth E, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Joao C, Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R A, Fleming, Tom, Foigt, Nataliya, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C, Fraser, Maya S, Friedman, Joseph, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremedhin, Mengistu, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gibney, Katherine B, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Goenka, Shifalika, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Harun, Kimani M, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hoek, Hans W, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hoy, Damian G, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J, Huybrechts, Inge, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T, Iyer, Veena J, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jonas, Jost B, Kabir, Zubair, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, André, Karletsos, Dimitris, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Françoise, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kazi, Dhruv S, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khonelidze, Irma, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kumar, G Anil, Kutz, Michael J, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lamadrid-Figueroa, Hector, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El, Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd El, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mapoma, Chabila C, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Marquez, Neal, Masiye, Felix, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Mason-Jones, Amanda J, Mazorodze, Tasara T, Meaney, Peter A, Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D, Monasta, Lorenzo, de la Cruz Monis, Jonathan, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Montero, Pablo, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D, Moore, Ami R, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Nachega, Jean B, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Nash, Denis, Neupane, Subas, Newton, John N, Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Rosana E, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ota, Erika, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, PA, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda, Papantoniou, Nikolaos, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Caicedo, Angel J Paternina, Patten, Scott B, Paul, Vinod K, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Refaat, Amany H, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roy, Ambuj, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sagar, Rajesh, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, Joao Vascos, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete I, Schneider, Ione J C, Schwebel, David C, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Setegn, Tesfaye, Shackelford, Katya A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Silverberg, Jonathan I, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Virendra, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sligar, Amber, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Jessica M, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sturua, Lela, Sunguya, Bruno F, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tefera, Worku Mekonnen, Tekle, Tesfaye, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thomson, Alan J, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Joseph A, Wang, Linhong, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wilkinson, James D, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wolock, Timothy, Won, Sungho, Wubshet, Mamo, Xiao, Qingyang, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yakob, Bereket, Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Yano, Yuichiro, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Shicheng, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zeeb, Hajo, Zhao, Yi, Zhao, Yong, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J L
Published: 2016
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11. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition

Author: Murray, Christopher J L, Barber, Ryan M, Foreman, Kyle J, Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F, Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Jerry P, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Achoki, Tom, Ackerman, Ilana N, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsène K, Adsuar, José C, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E, Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alegretti, Miguel A, Alemu, Zewdie A, Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almazroa, Mohammad A, Alsharif, Ubai, Alvarez, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ameh, Emmanuel A, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anderson, H Ross, Anderson, Benjamin O, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arnlöv, Johan, Arsenijevic, Valentina S Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asghar, Rana J, Assadi, Reza, Atkins, Lydia S, Avila, Marco A, Awuah, Baffour, Bachman, Victoria F, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Basulaiman, Mohammed O, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L, Benjet, Corina, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia, Beyene, Tariku J, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bienhoff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Biryukov, Stan, Blore, Jed D, Blosser, Christopher D, Blyth, Fiona M, Bohensky, Megan A, Bolliger, Ian W, Başara, Berrak Bora, Bornstein, Natan M, Bose, Dipan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R A, Boyers, Lindsay N, Brainin, Michael, Brayne, Carol E, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Briggs, Adam D, Brooks, Peter M, Brown, Jonathan C, Brugha, Traolach S, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey C, Budke, Christine M, Bulchis, Anne, Bulloch, Andrew G, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Carabin, Hélène, Carapetis, Jonathan R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben E, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Çavlin, Alanur, Chadha, Vineet K, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Honglei, Chen, Wanqing, Chiang, Peggy P, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christophi, Costas A, Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M, Coffeng, Luc E, Coggeshall, Megan S, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Cooke, Graham S, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie T, Coppola, Luis M, Cortinovis, Monica, Criqui, Michael H, Crump, John A, Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dansereau, Emily, Dargan, Paul I, Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Dayama, Anand, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Jarlais, Don C Des, Dessalegn, Muluken, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dherani, Mukesh K, Diaz-Torné, Cesar, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Duber, Herbert C, Ebel, Beth E, Edmond, Karen M, Elshrek, Yousef M, Endres, Matthias, Ermakov, Sergey P, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Derek F, Feigin, Valery L, Felson, David T, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Ferrari, Alize J, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Fleming, Thomas D, Foigt, Nataliya, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Paleo, Urbano Fra., Franklin, Richard C, Fürst, Thomas, Gabbe, Belinda, Gaffikin, Lynne, Gankpé, Fortuné G, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gessner, Bradford D, Gething, Peter, Gibney, Katherine B, Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Dantes, Hector Gomez, Gona, Philimon, González-Medina, Diego, Gosselin, Richard A, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Haagsma, Juanita, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagan, Holly, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamavid, Hannah, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Hankey, Graeme J, Hansen, Gillian M, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Haro, Josep Maria, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon I, Hay, Roderick J, Heredia-Pi, Ileana B, Heuton, Kyle R, Heydarpour, Pouria, Higashi, Hideki, Hijar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Mazeda, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Cheng, Huang, John J, Husseini, Abdullatif, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa L, Iburg, Kim M, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jarvis, Deborah L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jonas, Jost B, Juel, Knud, Kan, Haidong, Karch, André, Karema, Corine K, Karimkhani, Chante, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kemp, Andrew H, Kengne, Andre P, Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef S, Khalifa, Shams Eldin A, Khan, Ejaz A, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yunjin, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinge, Jonas M, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lai, Taavi, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Lawrynowicz, Alicia E B, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Levitz, Carly E, Li, Bin, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Maggie, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lofgren, Katherine T, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J, Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Ma, Stefan, Macintyre, Michael F, Mackay, Mark T, Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David J, Margono, Christopher, Marzan, Melvin B, Masci, Joseph R, Mashal, Mohammad T, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mazorodze, Tasara T, Mcgill, Neil W, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Mclain, Abigail, Meaney, Peter A, Medina, Catalina, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mekonnen, Wubegzier, Melaku, Yohannes A, Meltzer, Michele, Memish, Ziad A, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Mhimbira, Francis A, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mitchell, Philip B, Mock, Charles N, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan A, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen L D, Monasta, Lorenzo, Hernandez, Julio C Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Montine, Thomas J, Mooney, Meghan D, Moore, Ami R, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moran, Andrew E, Mori, Rintaro, Moschandreas, Joanna, Moturi, Wilkister N, Moyer, Madeline L, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Msemburi, William T, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mukaigawara, Mitsuru, Mullany, Erin C, Murdoch, Michele E, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Kinnari S, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Narayan, K M Venkat, Nejjari, Chakib, Neupane, Sudan P, Newton, Charles R, Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida N, Nguyen, Grant, Nisar, Muhammad I, Nolte, Sandra, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Rosana E, Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Ohno, Summer L, Olusanya, Bolajoko O, Opio, John Nelson, Ortblad, Katrina, Ortiz, Alberto, Pain, Amanda W, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Panelo, Carlo Irwin A, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Jae-Hyun, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paul, Vinod K, Pavlin, Boris I, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie B, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Phillips, Bryan K, Phillips, David E, Piel, Frédéric B, Plass, Dietrich, Poenaru, Dan, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M, Pullan, Rachel L, Qato, Dima M, Quistberg, D Alex, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahman, Sajjad U, Raju, Murugesan, Rana, Saleem M, Razavi, Homie, Reddy, K Srinath, Refaat, Amany, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Richardson, Lee, Richardus, Jan Hendrik, Roberts, D Allen, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rothstein, David H, Rowley, Jane T, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George M, Saeedi, Mohammad Y, Saha, Sukanta, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sampson, Uchechukwu K A, Sanabria, Juan R, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Scarborough, Peter, Schneider, Ione J, Schöttker, Ben, Schumacher, Austin E, Schwebel, David C, Scott, James G, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serina, Peter T, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya A, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Shangguan, Siyi, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G, Sigfusdottir, Inga D, Silberberg, Donald H, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Lavanya, Skirbekk, Vegard, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Sliwa, Karen, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steiner, Timothy J, Stevens, Antony, Stewart, Andrea, Stovner, Lars J, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F, Swaminathan, Soumya, Swaroop, Mamta, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabb, Karen M, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tanner, Marcel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taylor, Hugh R, Ao, Braden J Te, Tediosi, Fabrizio, Temesgen, Awoke M, Templin, Tara, Ten Have, Margreet, Tenkorang, Eric Y, Terkawi, Abdullah S, Thomson, Blake, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tonelli, Marcello, Topouzis, Fotis, Toyoshima, Hideaki, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach X, Trillini, Matias, Truelsen, Thomas, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Tuzcu, Emin M, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uzun, Selen B, Van Brakel, Wim H, Van De Vijver, Steven, van Gool, Coen H, Van Os, Jim, Vasankari, Tommi J, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy V, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Wagner, Joseph, Waller, Stephen G, Wan, Xia, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Jianli, Wang, Linhong, Warouw, Tati S, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Wenzhi, Wang, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Williams, Thomas N, Wolfe, Charles D, Wolock, Timothy M, Woolf, Anthony D, Wulf, Sarah, Wurtz, Brittany, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Ye, Pengpeng, Yentür, Gökalp K, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa E, Zhao, Yong, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zonies, David, Zou, Xiaonong, Salomon, Joshua A, Lopez, Alan D, and Vos, Theo
Published: 2015
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12. The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Akinyemiju, Tomi, Abera, Semaw, Ahmed, Muktar, Alam, Noore, Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amoako, Yaw, Artaman, Al, Ayele, Tadesse Awoke, Barac, Aleksandra, Bensenor, Isabela, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bhutta, Zulfiqar, Castillo-Rivas, Jacqueline, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young, Cowie, Benjamin, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dey, Subhojit, Dicker, Daniel, Phuc, Huyen, Ekwueme, Donatus U., Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Fischer, Florian, Fürst, Thomas, Hancock, Jamie, Hay, Simon I., Hotez, Peter, Jee, Sun Ha, Kasaeian, Amir, Khader, Yousef, Khang, Young-Ho, Kumar, G Anil, Kutz, Michael, Larson, Heidi, Lopez, Alan, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Malekzadeh, Reza, McAlinden, Colm, Meier, Toni, Mendoza, Walter, Mokdad, Ali, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Nagel, Gabriele, Nguyen, Quyen, Nguyen, Grant, Ogbo, Felix, Patton, George, Pereira, David M., Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Salomon, Joshua A, Sanabria, Juan, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Sepanlou, Sadaf, Shackelford, Katya, Shore, Hirbo, Sun, Jiandong, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Topór-Mądry, Roman, Tran, Bach, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vlassov, Vasiliy, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wakayo, Tolassa, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Werdecker, Andrea, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zhu, Liguo, Murray, Christopher J. L., Naghavi, Mohsen, and Fitzmaurice, Christina
Published: 2017
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13. The stage is set: [What do employers really think about SuperStream?]

Author: Hancock, Jamie
Published: 2012

14. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O., Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afshin, Ashkan, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibthiel, Aiyar, Sneha, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Alabed, Samer, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alasfoor, Deena, Aldridge, Robert William, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed M., Alkaabi, Juma M., Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allam, Shalini D., Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Ameh, Emmanuel A., Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Assadi, Reza, Assaye, Ashagre Molla, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atre, Sachin R., Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Balalla, Shivanthi, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M., Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Baune, Bernhard T., Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bennett, James R., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benson, Jennifer, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Bjerregaard, Peter, Blosser, Christopher D., Boneya, Dube Jara, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. 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Ayala Quintanilla, B, Babalola, T, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Barac, A, Barber, R, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, L, Baune, B, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bekele, B, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bennett, D, Bennett, J, Bensenor, I, Benson, J, Berhane, A, Berhe, D, Bernabé, E, Beuran, M, Beyene, A, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, H, Bjerregaard, P, Blosser, C, Boneya, D, Boufous, S, Bourne, R, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Brugha, T, Bukhman, G, Bulto, L, Bumgarner, B, Burch, M, Butt, Z, Cahill, L, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Car, J, Car, M, Cárdenas, R, Carpenter, D, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castillo Rivas, J, Castro, F, Castro, R, Catalá-López, F, Chen, H, Chiang, P, Chibalabala, M, Chisumpa, V, Chitheer, A, Choi, J, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Cohen, A, Colquhoun, S, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Crump, J, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, P, Das Neves, J, Davey, G, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, De Courten, B, De Leo, D, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Dellavalle, R, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Des Jarlais, D, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dherani, M, Diaz-Torné, C, Ding, E, Dixit, P, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doku, D, Donnelly, C, Dos Santos, K, Douwes-Schultz, D, Driscoll, T, Duan, L, Dubey, M, Duncan, B, Dwivedi, L, Ebrahimi, H, El Bcheraoui, C, Ellingsen, C, Enayati, A, Endries, A, Ermakov, S, Eshetie, S, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fanuel, F, Faro, A, Farvid, M, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, V, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, J, Feyissa, T, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Frank, T, Franklin, R, Fraser, M, Friedman, J, Frostad, J, Fullman, N, Fürst, T, Furtado, J, Futran, N, Gakidou, E, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gankpé, F, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Gebregergs, G, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebrekidan, K, Gebremichael, M, Gelaye, A, Geleijnse, J, Gemechu, B, Gemechu, K, Genova-Maleras, R, Gesesew, H, Gething, P, Gibney, K, Gill, P, Gillum, R, Giref, A, Girma, B, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Gomez, B, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Goulart, A, Graetz, N, Gugnani, H, Gupta, P, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Haagsma, J, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haghparast Bidgoli, H, Hakuzimana, A, Halasa, Y, Hamadeh, R, Hambisa, M, Hamidi, S, Hammami, M, Hancock, J, Handal, A, Hankey, G, Hao, Y, Harb, H, Hareri, H, Harikrishnan, S, Haro, J, Hassanvand, M, Havmoeller, R, Hay, R, Hay, S, He, F, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Hilawe, E, Hoek, H, Horita, N, Hosgood, H, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, P, Hoy, D, Hsairi, M, Htet, A, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, J, Iburg, K, Igumbor, E, Ileanu, B, Inoue, M, Irenso, A, Irvine, C, Islam, N, Jacobsen, K, Jaenisch, T, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, A, Jeemon, P, Jensen, P, Jha, V, Jin, Y, John, D, John, O, Johnson, S, Jonas, J, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalkonde, Y, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi, S, Karthikeyan, G, Kasaeian, A, Kassaw, N, Kassebaum, N, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, S, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazanjan, K, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, S, Kemp, A, Kengne, A, Keren, A, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, C, Ketema, E, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khang, Y, Khera, S, Khoja, A, Khosravi, M, Kibret, G, Kieling, C, Kim, C, Kim, D, Kim, P, Kim, S, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kishawi, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kissoon, N, Kivimaki, M, Knudsen, A, Kokubo, Y, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krohn, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuipers, E, Kulikoff, X, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, G, Kumar, P, Kumsa, F, Kutz, M, Lachat, C, Lagat, A, Lager, A, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lambert, N, Lan, Q, Van Lansingh, C, Larson, H, Larsson, A, Laryea, D, Lavados, P, Laxmaiah, A, Lee, P, Leigh, J, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liao, Y, Liben, M, Lim, S, Linn, S, Lipshultz, S, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Lorch, S, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, R, Ma, S, Macarayan, E, Machado, I, Mackay, M, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Magis-Rodriguez, C, Mahdavi, M, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Malta, D, Mantovani, L, Manyazewal, T, Mapoma, C, Marczak, L, Marks, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, F, Massano, J, Maulik, P, Mayosi, B, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgarvey, S, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, M, Mehta, K, Meier, T, Mekonnen, T, Meles, K, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, M, Mengistie, M, Mengistu, D, Menon, G, Menota, B, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mezgebe, H, Micha, R, Mikesell, J, Miller, T, Mills, E, Minnig, S, Mirarefin, M, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mishra, S, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, K, Mohammed, S, Mohan, M, Mohanty, S, Mokdad, A, Molla Assaye, A, Mollenkopf, S, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Montañez Hernandez, J, Montico, M, Mooney, M, Moore, A, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velasquez, I, Mori, R, Morrison, S, Mruts, K, Mueller, U, Mullany, E, Muller, K, Murthy, G, Murthy, S, Musa, K, Nachega, J, Nagata, C, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naidoo, K, Nanda, L, Nangia, V, Nascimento, B, Natarajan, G, Negoi, I, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, T, Ningrum, D, Nisar, M, Nomura, M, Nong, V, Norheim, O, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nyakarahuka, L, Obermeyer, C, O'Donnell, M, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Okoro, A, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Ota, E, Owolabi, M, Oyekale, A, Mahesh, P, Pacella, R, Pakhale, S, Pana, A, Panda, B, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E, Parsaeian, M, Patel, T, Patten, S, Patton, G, Paudel, D, Pereira, D, Perez-Padilla, R, Perez-Ruiz, F, Perico, N, Pervaiz, A, Pesudovs, K, Peterson, C, Petri, W, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Piel, F, Pigott, D, Pishgar, F, Plass, D, Polinder, S, Popova, S, Postma, M, Poulton, R, Pourmalek, F, Prasad, N, Purwar, M, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, R, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, S, Rai, R, Rajsic, S, Ram, U, Rana, S, Ranabhat, C, Rao, P, Rawaf, S, Ray, S, Rego, M, Rehm, J, Reiner, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, M, Ribeiro, A, Rokni, M, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roth, G, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, A, Rubagotti, E, Ruhago, G, Saadat, S, Sabde, Y, Sachdev, P, Sadat, N, Safdarian, M, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahathevan, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Salomon, J, Salvi, S, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanchez-Niño, M, Santos, I, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Saylan, M, Schmidt, M, Schneider, I, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Seedat, S, Seid, A, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Shackelford, K, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Shaikh, M, Shamsipour, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Islam, S, Sharma, J, Sharma, R, She, J, Shen, J, Shetty, B, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shrime, M, Sigfusdottir, I, Silberberg, D, Silpakit, N, Silva, D, Silva, J, Silveira, D, Sindi, S, Singh, A, Singh, J, Singh, P, Singh, V, Sinha, D, Skiadaresi, E, Sligar, A, Smith, D, Sobaih, B, Sobngwi, E, Soneji, S, Soriano, J, Sreeramareddy, C, Srinivasan, V, Stathopoulou, V, Steel, N, Stein, D, Steiner, C, Stöckl, H, Stokes, M, Strong, M, Sufiyan, M, Suliankatchi, R, Sunguya, B, Sur, P, Swaminathan, S, Sykes, B, Szoeke, C, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tadakamadla, S, Tadese, F, Tandon, N, Tanne, D, Tarajia, M, Tavakkoli, M, Taveira, N, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekelab, T, Tekle, D, Temam Shifa, G, Temsah, M, Terkawi, A, Tesema, C, Tesssema, B, Theis, A, Thomas, N, Thompson, A, Thomson, A, Thrift, A, Tiruye, T, Tobe-Gai, R, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Topouzis, F, Tortajada, M, Tran, B, Truelsen, T, Trujillo, U, Tsilimparis, N, Tuem, K, Tuzcu, E, Tyrovolas, S, Ukwaja, K, Undurraga, E, Uthman, O, Uzochukwu, B, Van Boven, J, Varakin, Y, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Vasconcelos, A, Venketasubramanian, N, Vidavalur, R, Violante, F, Vishnu, A, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vos, T, Waid, J, Wakayo, T, Wang, Y, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, R, Werdecker, A, Wesana, J, Wijeratne, T, Wilkinson, J, Wiysonge, C, Woldeyes, B, Wolfe, C, Workicho, A, Workie, S, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yaghoubi, M, Yakob, B, Yalew, A, Yan, L, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Ye, P, Yimam, H, Yip, P, Yirsaw, B, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Yotebieng, M, Younis, M, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zeeb, H, Zenebe, Z, Zerfu, T, Zhang, A, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Zuhlke, L, Lopez, A, Murray, C, Erasmus MC other, Emergency Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Public Health, and Neurology
Subjects: Dánarmein, Heilsufar, Dánartíðni, Lífslíkur, Epidemiology, Aldurshópar, ALCOHOL, Börn, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES, Children, Konur, Ungbörn, Tölfræði, Educational status, Aldraðir, Medicine (all), Global burden of disease/statistics and numerical data, DEATH, Men, Þjóðir, Staðtölur, Stillbirth, Sálfræði, World health, SURVIVAL, Income, CHILD-MORTALITY, HEALTH, Burðarmálsdauði, Infants, Age distribution, HIV infections, Child mortality, Alnæmi, Menntun, GBD, Fæðingartíðni, RUSSIAN MORTALITY, Birth rate, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Women, Mortality, METAANALYSIS, Faraldsfræði, HIV, Frjósemi, Fertility, Socioeconomic Factors, Karlar, Barnadauði, Félagshagfræði, Tekjur, Older people, Cause of death/trends, RA
Abstract: Correction in: Group Author(s): GBD 2016 Mortality Collaborators LANCET Volume: 390 Issue: 10106 Pages: E38-E38 Published: OCT 28 2017, Background Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. Methods We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0.5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. Findings Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86.9 years (95% UI 86.7-87.2), and for men in Singapore, at 81.3 years (78.8-83.7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, and the gap between male and female life expectancy increased with progression to higher levels of SDI. Some countries with exceptional health performance in 1990 in terms of the difference in observed to expected life expectancy at birth had slower progress on the same measure in 2016. Interpretation Globally, mortality rates have decreased across all age groups over the past five decades, with the largest improvements occurring among children younger than 5 years. However, at the national level, considerable heterogeneity remains in terms of both level and rate of changes in age-specific mortality; increases in mortality for certain age groups occurred in some locations. We found evidence that the absolute gap between countries in age-specific death rates has declined, although the relative gap for some age-sex groups increased. Countries that now lead in terms of having higher observed life expectancy than that expected on the basis of development alone, or locations that have either increased this advantage or rapidly decreased the deficit from expected levels, could provide insight into the means to accelerate progress in nations where progress has stalled., Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health.
Published: 2017

15. The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Global Burden of Disease Liver Cancer Collaboration, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Abera, Semaw, Ahmed, Muktar, Alam, Noore, Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amoako, Yaw, Artaman, Al, Ayele, Tadesse Awoke, Barac, Aleksandra, Bensenor, Isabela, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bhutta, Zulfiqar, Castillo-Rivas, Jacqueline, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young, Cowie, Benjamin, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dey, Subhojit, Dicker, Daniel, Phuc, Huyen, Ekwueme, Donatus U, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Fischer, Florian, Fürst, Thomas, Hancock, Jamie, Hay, Simon I, Hotez, Peter, Jee, Sun Ha, Kasaeian, Amir, Khader, Yousef, Khang, Young-Ho, Kumar, Anil, Kutz, Michael, Larson, Heidi, Lopez, Alan, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Malekzadeh, Reza, McAlinden, Colm, Meier, Toni, Mendoza, Walter, Mokdad, Ali, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Nagel, Gabriele, Nguyen, Quyen, Nguyen, Grant, Ogbo, Felix, Patton, George, Pereira, David M, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Salomon, Joshua A, Sanabria, Juan, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Sepanlou, Sadaf, Shackelford, Katya, Shore, Hirbo, Sun, Jiandong, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Topór-Mądry, Roman, Tran, Bach, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vlassov, Vasiliy, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wakayo, Tolassa, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Werdecker, Andrea, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zhu, Liguo, Murray, Christopher JL, Naghavi, Mohsen, and Fitzmaurice, Christina
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: Liver cancer is among the leading causes of cancer deaths globally. The most common causes for liver cancer include hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcohol use. OBJECTIVE: To report results of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study on primary liver cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 countries or territories from 1990 to 2015, and present global, regional, and national estimates on the burden of liver cancer attributable to HBV, HCV, alcohol, and an "other" group that encompasses residual causes. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS: Mortality was estimated using vital registration and cancer registry data in an ensemble modeling approach. Single-cause mortality estimates were adjusted for all-cause mortality. Incidence was derived from mortality estimates and the mortality-to-incidence ratio. Through a systematic literature review, data on the proportions of liver cancer due to HBV, HCV, alcohol, and other causes were identified. Years of life lost were calculated by multiplying each death by a standard life expectancy. Prevalence was estimated using mortality-to-incidence ratio as surrogate for survival. Total prevalence was divided into 4 sequelae that were multiplied by disability weights to derive years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were the sum of years of life lost and YLDs. MAIN OUTCOMESAND MEASURES: Liver cancer mortality, incidence, YLDs, years of life lost, DALYs by etiology, age, sex, country, and year. RESULTS: There were 854 000 incident cases of liver cancer and 810 000 deaths globally in 2015, contributing to 20 578 000 DALYs. Cases of incident liver cancer increased by 75% between 1990 and 2015, of which 47% can be explained by changing population age structures, 35% by population growth, and -8% to changing age-specific incidence rates. The male-to-female ratio for age-standardized liver cancer mortality was 2.8. Globally, HBV accounted for 265 000 liver cancer deaths (33%), alcohol for 245 000 (30%), HCV for 167 000 (21%), and other causes for 133 000 (16%) deaths, with substantial variation between countries in the underlying etiologies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Liver cancer is among the leading causes of cancer deaths in many countries. Causes of liver cancer differ widely among populations. Our results show that most cases of liver cancer can be prevented through vaccination, antiviral treatment, safe blood transfusion and injection practices, as well as interventions to reduce excessive alcohol use. In line with the Sustainable Development Goals, the identification and elimination of risk factors for liver cancer will be required to achieve a sustained reduction in liver cancer burden. The GBD study can be used to guide these prevention efforts.
Published: 2017

16. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Wang, H, Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abera, S, Abraha, H, Abu-Raddad, L, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Adedeji, I, Adedoyin, R, Adetifa, I, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Aggarwal, R, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmed, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Aiyar, S, Akanda, A, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al Lami, F, Alabed, S, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Aldridge, R, Alene, K, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, S, Alkaabi, J, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allam, S, Allebeck, P, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Martin, E, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Ameh, E, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Ansari, H, Ansha, M, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, S, Asghar, R, Assadi, R, Atey, T, Atre, S, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Babalola, T, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Balalla, S, Barac, A, Barber, R, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barregard, L, Barrero, L, Baune, B, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bekele, B, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bennett, D, Bennett, J, Bensenor, I, Benson, J, Berhane, A, Berhe, D, Bernabé, E, Beuran, M, Beyene, A, Bhala, N, Bhansali, A, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, H, Bjerregaard, P, Blosser, C, Boneya, D, Boufous, S, Bourne, R, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Brugha, T, Bukhman, G, Bulto, L, Bumgarner, B, Burch, M, Butt, Z, Cahill, L, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Car, J, Car, M, Cárdenas, R, Carpenter, D, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castillo Rivas, J, Castro, F, Castro, R, Catalá-López, F, Chen, H, Chiang, P, Chibalabala, M, Chisumpa, V, Chitheer, A, Choi, J, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Cohen, A, Colquhoun, S, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Crump, J, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargan, P, Das Neves, J, Davey, G, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, De Courten, B, De Leo, D, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Dellavalle, R, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Des Jarlais, D, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dherani, M, Diaz-Torné, C, Ding, E, Dixit, P, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doku, D, Donnelly, C, Dos Santos, K, Douwes-Schultz, D, Driscoll, T, Duan, L, Dubey, M, Duncan, B, Dwivedi, L, Ebrahimi, H, El Bcheraoui, C, Ellingsen, C, Enayati, A, Endries, A, Ermakov, S, Eshetie, S, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fanuel, F, Faro, A, Farvid, M, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, V, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, J, Feyissa, T, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Frank, T, Franklin, R, Fraser, M, Friedman, J, Frostad, J, Fullman, N, Fürst, T, Furtado, J, Futran, N, Gakidou, E, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gankpé, F, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Gebregergs, G, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebrekidan, K, Gebremichael, M, Gelaye, A, Geleijnse, J, Gemechu, B, Gemechu, K, Genova-Maleras, R, Gesesew, H, Gething, P, Gibney, K, Gill, P, Gillum, R, Giref, A, Girma, B, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Gomez, B, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Goulart, A, Graetz, N, Gugnani, H, Gupta, P, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Haagsma, J, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haghparast Bidgoli, H, Hakuzimana, A, Halasa, Y, Hamadeh, R, Hambisa, M, Hamidi, S, Hammami, M, Hancock, J, Handal, A, Hankey, G, Hao, Y, Harb, H, Hareri, H, Harikrishnan, S, Haro, J, Hassanvand, M, Havmoeller, R, Hay, R, Hay, S, He, F, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Hilawe, E, Hoek, H, Horita, N, Hosgood, H, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, P, Hoy, D, Hsairi, M, Htet, A, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, J, Iburg, K, Igumbor, E, Ileanu, B, Inoue, M, Irenso, A, Irvine, C, Islam, N, Jacobsen, K, Jaenisch, T, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, A, Jeemon, P, Jensen, P, Jha, V, Jin, Y, John, D, John, O, Johnson, S, Jonas, J, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kalkonde, Y, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi, S, Karthikeyan, G, Kasaeian, A, Kassaw, N, Kassebaum, N, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, S, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazanjan, K, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, S, Kemp, A, Kengne, A, Keren, A, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, C, Ketema, E, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khang, Y, Khera, S, Khoja, A, Khosravi, M, Kibret, G, Kieling, C, Kim, C, Kim, D, Kim, P, Kim, S, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kishawi, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kissoon, N, Kivimaki, M, Knudsen, A, Kokubo, Y, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krohn, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuipers, E, Kulikoff, X, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, G, Kumar, P, Kumsa, F, Kutz, M, Lachat, C, Lagat, A, Lager, A, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lambert, N, Lan, Q, Van Lansingh, C, Larson, H, Larsson, A, Laryea, D, Lavados, P, Laxmaiah, A, Lee, P, Leigh, J, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liao, Y, Liben, M, Lim, S, Linn, S, Lipshultz, S, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Lorch, S, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, R, Ma, S, Macarayan, E, Machado, I, Mackay, M, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Magis-Rodriguez, C, Mahdavi, M, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Malta, D, Mantovani, L, Manyazewal, T, Mapoma, C, Marczak, L, Marks, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, F, Massano, J, Maulik, P, Mayosi, B, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgarvey, S, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, M, Mehta, K, Meier, T, Mekonnen, T, Meles, K, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, M, Mengistie, M, Mengistu, D, Menon, G, Menota, B, Mensah, G, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mezgebe, H, Micha, R, Mikesell, J, Miller, T, Mills, E, Minnig, S, Mirarefin, M, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mishra, S, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, K, Mohammed, S, Mohan, M, Mohanty, S, Mokdad, A, Molla Assaye, A, Mollenkopf, S, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Montañez Hernandez, J, Montico, M, Mooney, M, Moore, A, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velasquez, I, Mori, R, Morrison, S, Mruts, K, Mueller, U, Mullany, E, Muller, K, Murthy, G, Murthy, S, Musa, K, Nachega, J, Nagata, C, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naidoo, K, Nanda, L, Nangia, V, Nascimento, B, Natarajan, G, Negoi, I, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, T, Ningrum, D, Nisar, M, Nomura, M, Nong, V, Norheim, O, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nyakarahuka, L, Obermeyer, C, O'Donnell, M, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Okoro, A, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Ota, E, Owolabi, M, Oyekale, A, Mahesh, P, Pacella, R, Pakhale, S, Pana, A, Panda, B, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E, Parsaeian, M, Patel, T, Patten, S, Patton, G, Paudel, D, Pereira, D, Perez-Padilla, R, Perez-Ruiz, F, Perico, N, Pervaiz, A, Pesudovs, K, Peterson, C, Petri, W, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Piel, F, Pigott, D, Pishgar, F, Plass, D, Polinder, S, Popova, S, Postma, M, Poulton, R, Pourmalek, F, Prasad, N, Purwar, M, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, R, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, S, Rai, R, Rajsic, S, Ram, U, Rana, S, Ranabhat, C, Rao, P, Rawaf, S, Ray, S, Rego, M, Rehm, J, Reiner, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Rezai, M, Ribeiro, A, Rokni, M, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roth, G, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, A, Rubagotti, E, Ruhago, G, Saadat, S, Sabde, Y, Sachdev, P, Sadat, N, Safdarian, M, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahathevan, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Salama, J, Salamati, P, Salomon, J, Salvi, S, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanchez-Niño, M, Santos, I, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Saylan, M, Schmidt, M, Schneider, I, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Seedat, S, Seid, A, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Shackelford, K, Shaheen, A, Shahraz, S, Shaikh, M, Shamsipour, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Islam, S, Sharma, J, Sharma, R, She, J, Shen, J, Shetty, B, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shrime, M, Sigfusdottir, I, Silberberg, D, Silpakit, N, Silva, D, Silva, J, Silveira, D, Sindi, S, Singh, A, Singh, J, Singh, P, Singh, V, Sinha, D, Skiadaresi, E, Sligar, A, Smith, D, Sobaih, B, Sobngwi, E, Soneji, S, Soriano, J, Sreeramareddy, C, Srinivasan, V, Stathopoulou, V, Steel, N, Stein, D, Steiner, C, Stöckl, H, Stokes, M, Strong, M, Sufiyan, M, Suliankatchi, R, Sunguya, B, Sur, P, Swaminathan, S, Sykes, B, Szoeke, C, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tadakamadla, S, Tadese, F, Tandon, N, Tanne, D, Tarajia, M, Tavakkoli, M, Taveira, N, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekelab, T, Tekle, D, Temam Shifa, G, Temsah, M, Terkawi, A, Tesema, C, Tesssema, B, Theis, A, Thomas, N, Thompson, A, Thomson, A, Thrift, A, Tiruye, T, Tobe-Gai, R, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Topouzis, F, Tortajada, M, Tran, B, Truelsen, T, Trujillo, U, Tsilimparis, N, Tuem, K, Tuzcu, E, Tyrovolas, S, Ukwaja, K, Undurraga, E, Uthman, O, Uzochukwu, B, Van Boven, J, Varakin, Y, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Vasconcelos, A, Venketasubramanian, N, Vidavalur, R, Violante, F, Vishnu, A, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vos, T, Waid, J, Wakayo, T, Wang, Y, Weichenthal, S, Weiderpass, E, Weintraub, R, Werdecker, A, Wesana, J, Wijeratne, T, Wilkinson, J, Wiysonge, C, Woldeyes, B, Wolfe, C, Workicho, A, Workie, S, Xavier, D, Xu, G, Yaghoubi, M, Yakob, B, Yalew, A, Yan, L, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Ye, P, Yimam, H, Yip, P, Yirsaw, B, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Yotebieng, M, Younis, M, Zaidi, Z, El Sayed Zaki, M, Zeeb, H, Zenebe, Z, Zerfu, T, Zhang, A, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Zuhlke, L, Lopez, A, Murray, C, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbas, KM, Abera, SF, Abraha, HN, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adedeji, IA, Adedoyin, RA, Adetifa, IMO, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, Amani N, Aichour, MTE, Akanda, AS, Akinyemiju, TF, Al Lami, FH, Aldridge, RW, Alene, KA, Aljunid, SM, Alkaabi, JM, Allam, SD, Altirkawi, KA, Martin, EA, Amare, AT, Ameh, EA, Amoako, YA, Andrei, CL, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Aryal, KK, Asgedom, SW, Asghar, RJ, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Avokpaho, EFGA, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Babalola, TK, Barber, RM, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barrero, LH, Baune, BT, Bekele, BB, Bell, ML, Bello, AK, Bennett, DA, Bennett, JR, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, DF, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Bizuayehu, HM, Blosser, CD, Boneya, DJ, Bourne, RRA, Breitborde, NJK, Brugha, TS, Bulto, LNB, Bumgarner, BR, Butt, ZA, Cahill, LE, Campos-Nonato, IR, Carpenter, DO, Carrero, JJ, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castro, FF, Castro, RE, Chiang, Peggy PC, Chisumpa, VH, Chitheer, AA, Choi, JYJ, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cohen, AJ, Colquhoun, SM, Criqui, MH, Cromwell, EA, Crump, JA, Dargan, PI, Davitoiu, DV, Dellavalle, RP, Des Jarlais, DC, Dharmaratne, SD, Dherani, MK, Ding, EL, Do, HP, Doku, DT, Donnelly, CA, Dos Santos, KPB, Driscoll, TR, Duncan, BB, Dwivedi, LK, Ellingsen, CL, Endries, AY, Ermakov, SP, Fanuel, FBB, Farvid, MS, Feigin, VL, Fereshtehnejad, SM, Fernandes, JG, Fernandes, JC, Feyissa, TR, Foreman, KJ, Franklin, RC, Frostad, JJ, Furtado, JM, Futran, ND, Gankpé, FG, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Gebregergs, GB, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gebrekidan, KG, Gebremichael, MW, Gelaye, AA, Geleijnse, JM, Gemechu, BL, Gemechu, KS, Gesesew, HA, Gething, PW, Gibney, KB, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Giref, AZ, Girma, BW, Gopalani, SV, Goulart, AC, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, PC, Haagsma, JA, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, Hakuzimana, Alex, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J., Hay, Simon I., He, Fei, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hilawe, Esayas Haregot, Hoek, Hans W., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J., Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Inoue, Manami, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Irvine, Caleb M. S., Islam, Nazrul, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jaenisch, Thomas, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jha, Vivekanand, Jin, Ye, John, Denny, John, Oommen, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B., Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M., Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Ketema, Ezra Belay, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kishawi, Sami, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimaki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, JA, Koul, PA, Krohn, KJ, Kuipers, EJ, Kulikoff, XR, Kulkarni, VS, Kumar, GA, Kumsa, FA, Lagat, AK, Lager, ACJ, Lal, DK, Larson, HJ, Laryea, DO, Lavados, PM, Lee, PH, Liben, ML, Lim, SS, Lipshultz, SE, Lorch, SA, Lotufo, PA, Lyons, RA, Macarayan, ERK, Machado, IE, Mackay, MT, Malta, DC, Mantovani, LG, Mapoma, CC, Marczak, LB, Marks, GB, Martins-Melo, FR, Maulik, PK, Mayosi, BM, McAlinden, C, McGarvey, ST, McGrath, JJ, McKee, M, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehta, KM, Mekonnen, TC, Meles, KG, Memish, ZA, Mengesha, MM, Mengistie, MA, Mengistu, DT, Menon, GR, Menota, BG, Mensah, GA, Meretoja, TJ, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mishra, SR, Mohammad, KA, Mohammed, KE, Mohan, MBV, Mohanty, SK, Mokdad, AH, Mollenkopf, SK, Montañez Hernandez, JC, Mooney, MD, Moore, AR, Morrison, SD, Mruts, KB, Mueller, UO, Murthy, GVS, Musa, KI, Nachega, JB, Naidoo, KS, Nascimento, BR, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, QL, Nguyen, TH, Ningrum, DNA, Nisar, MI, Nong, VM, Norheim, OF, Noubiap, JJN, Obermeyer, CM, O'Donnell, MJ, Ogbo, FA, Oh, IH, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Owolabi, MO, Oyekale, AS, Mahesh, PA, Pacella, RE, Panda, BK, Park, EK, Patten, SB, Patton, GC, Pereira, DM, Peterson, CB, Petri, WA, Phillips, MR, Piel, FB, Pigott, DM, Postma, MJ, Poulton, RG, Rabiee, RHS, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, SU, Rai, RK, Rana, SM, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, PV, Rego, MAS, Reiner, RC, Renzaho, AMNN, Rezai, MS, Ribeiro, AL, Rokni, MB, Roth, GA, Ruhago, GM, Sabde, YD, Sachdev, PS, Sahraian, MA, Salomon, JA, Salvi, SS, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Sanchez-Niño, MD, Santos, IS, Santric Milicevic, MM, Saylan, MI, Schmidt, MI, Schneider, IJC, Schutte, AE, Schwebel, DC, Seid, AM, Sepanlou, SG, Servan-Mori, EE, Shackelford, KA, Shaikh, MA, Islam, SMS, Shetty, BP, 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Abstract: Background: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. Methods: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to
Published: 2017

17. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015

Author: Fitzmaurice, Christina, Allen, Christine, Barber, Ryan, Barregard, Lars, Bhutta, Zulfiqar, Brenner, Hermann, Dicker, Daniel, Chimed-Orchir, Odgerel, Dandona, Rakhi, Dandona, Lalit, Fleming, Tom, Forouzanfar, Mohammad, Hancock, Jamie, Hay, Roderick, Hunter-Merrill, Rachel, Huynh, Chantal, Hosgood, H. Dean, Johnson, Catherine, Jonas, Jost, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Lan, Qing, Larson, Heidi, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen, Lopez, Alan, MacIntyre, Michael, Marczak, Laurie, Marquez, Neal, Mokdad, Ali, Pinho, Christine, Pourmalek, Farshad, Salomon, Joshua, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sandar, Logan, Sartorius, Benn, Schwartz, Stephen, Shackelford, Katya, Shibuya, Kenji, Stanaway, Jeff, Steiner, Caitlyn, Sun, Jiandong, Takahashi, Ken, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagner, Joseph, Wang, Haidong, Westerman, Ronny, Zeeb, Hajo, Zoeckler, Leo, Abd-Allah, Foad, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Alabed, Samer, Alam, Noore, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Alem, Girma, Alemayohu, Mulubirhan, Ali, Raghib, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Amare, Azmeraw, Amoako, Yaw, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Atnafu, Niguse, Awasthi, Ashish, Saleem, Huda Ba, Barac, Aleksandra, Bedi, Neeraj, Bensenor, Isabela, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem, Binagwaho, Agnes, Boneya, Dube, Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chiang, Peggy, Chibueze, Chioma, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young, Cowie, Benjamin, Damtew, Solomon, das Neves, José, Dey, Suhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath, Dhillon, Preet, Ding, Eric, Driscoll, Tim, Ekwueme, Donatus, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Farvid, Maryam, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, João C., Fischer, Florian, G/hiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebru, Alemseged, Gopalani, Sameer, Hailu, Alemayehu, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Husseini, Abdullatif, Huybrechts, Inge, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jee, Sun Ha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kedir, Muktar Sano, Khader, Yousef, Khang, Young-Ho, Kim, Daniel, Leigh, James, Linn, Shai, Lunevicius, Raimundas, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Marcenes, Wagner, Markos, Desalegn, Melaku, Yohannes, Meles, Kidanu, Mendoza, Walter, Mengiste, Desalegn, Meretoja, Tuomo, Miller, Ted, Mohammad, Karzan, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Nagel, Gabriele, Nand, Devina, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nolte, Sandra, Ogbo, Felix, Oladimeji, Kelechi, Oren, Eyal, Pa, Mahesh, Park, Eun-Kee, Pereira, David, Plass, Dietrich, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rana, Saleem, Søreide, Kjetil, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Sepanlou, Sadaf, Shaikh, Masood Ali, She, Jun, Shiue, Ivy, Shore, Hirbo Roba, Shrime, Mark, So, Samuel, Soneji, Samir, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Sykes, Bryan, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadese, Fentaw, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J. S., Tran, Bach Xuan, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Uzochukwu, Benjamin, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Wubshet Terefe, Mamo, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Murray, Christopher, and Naghavi, Mohsen
Abstract: Importance - Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning.\ud \ud Objective - To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015.\ud \ud Evidence Review - Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence data (transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality to incidence [MI] ratios), and verbal autopsy data. Cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled MI ratios. To calculate cancer prevalence, MI ratios were used to model survival. To calculate YLDs, prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights. The YLLs were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy. DALYs were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Countries were categorized by SDI quintiles to summarize results.\ud \ud Findings - In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.7 million deaths. Between 2005 and 2015, cancer cases increased by 33%, with population aging contributing 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates contributing 4%. For men, the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer (1.6 million cases). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs in men (1.2 million deaths and 25.9 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer was breast cancer (2.4 million cases). Breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs for women (523 000 deaths and 15.1 million DALYs). Overall, cancer caused 208.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2015 for both sexes combined.Between 2005 and 2015, age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 174 of 195 countries or territories. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in 140 of 195 countries or territories. Countries with an increase in the ASDR due to all cancers were largely located on the African continent.Of all cancers, deaths between 2005 and 2015 decreased significantly for Hodgkin lymphoma (−6.1% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), −10.6% to −1.3%]). The number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia, although these results were not statistically significant.\ud \ud Conclusion and Relevance - As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet.
Published: 2016

18. Mortality from tetanus between 1990 and 2015: findings from the global burden of disease study 2015

Author: Kyu, Hmwe H., primary, Mumford, John Everett, additional, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., additional, Barber, Ryan M., additional, Hancock, Jamie R., additional, Vos, Theo, additional, Murray, Christopher J. L., additional, and Naghavi, Mohsen, additional
Published: 2017
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19. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Dandona, Lalit, Gething, Peter W., Hay, Simon I., Kinfu, Yohannes, Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Pinho, Christine, Salomon, Joshua A., Steiner, Caitlyn, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdallat, Mahmud A., Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Alasfoor, Deena, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Antoine, Rose Mayerline, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, NeerajHaidong Wang, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Biroscak, Brian J., Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brugha, Traolach S., Butt, Zahid A., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung -Chen, Chavan, Laxmikant, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Dahiru, Tukur, Damasceno, Albertino, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Rakhi, Das Neves, Jose, De Leo, Diego, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dicker, Daniel J., Ding, Eric L., Dossou, Edem, Dubey, Manisha, Ebel, Beth E., Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Gt, Nataliya Fo, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya S., Friedman, Joseph, Pullman, Nancy, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremedhin, Mengistu, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gibney, Katherine B., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Goenka, Shifalika, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Harun, Kimani M., Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huybrechts, Inge, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karletsos, Dimitris, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khonelidze, Irma, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael J., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lamadrid-Figueroa, Hector, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Marquez, Neal, Masiye, Felix, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan De la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montero, Pablo, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moore, Ami R., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Nash, Denis, Neupane, Subas, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ota, Erika, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, Pa, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda, Papantoniou, Nikolaos, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Refaat, Amany H., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Dandona, Lalit, Gething, Peter W., Hay, Simon I., Kinfu, Yohannes, Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Pinho, Christine, Salomon, Joshua A., Steiner, Caitlyn, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdallat, Mahmud A., Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Alasfoor, Deena, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Antoine, Rose Mayerline, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, NeerajHaidong Wang, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Biroscak, Brian J., Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brugha, Traolach S., Butt, Zahid A., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung -Chen, Chavan, Laxmikant, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Dahiru, Tukur, Damasceno, Albertino, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Rakhi, Das Neves, Jose, De Leo, Diego, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dicker, Daniel J., Ding, Eric L., Dossou, Edem, Dubey, Manisha, Ebel, Beth E., Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Gt, Nataliya Fo, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya S., Friedman, Joseph, Pullman, Nancy, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremedhin, Mengistu, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gibney, Katherine B., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Goenka, Shifalika, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Harun, Kimani M., Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huybrechts, Inge, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karletsos, Dimitris, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khonelidze, Irma, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael J., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lamadrid-Figueroa, Hector, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Marquez, Neal, Masiye, Felix, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan De la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montero, Pablo, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moore, Ami R., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Nash, Denis, Neupane, Subas, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ota, Erika, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, Pa, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda, Papantoniou, Nikolaos, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Refaat, Amany H., and Remuzzi, Giuseppe
Abstract: Background In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated maternal mortality at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2015 for ages 10-54 years by systematically compiling and processing all available data sources from 186 of 195 countries and territories, 11 of which were analysed at the subnational level. We quantified eight underlying causes of maternal death and four timing categories, improving estimation methods since GBD 2013 for adult all-cause mortality, HIV-related maternal mortality, and late maternal death. Secondary analyses then allowed systematic examination of drivers of trends, including the relation between maternal mortality and coverage of specific reproductive health-care services as well as assessment of observed versus expected maternal mortality as a function of Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Findings Only ten countries achieved MDG 5, but 122 of 195 countries have already met SDG 3.1. Geographical disparities widened between 1990 and 2015 and, in 2015, 24 countries still had a maternal mortality ratio greater than 400. The proportion of all maternal deaths occurring in the bottom two SDI quintiles, where haemorrhage is the dominant cause of maternal death, increased from roughly 68% in 1990 to more than 80% in 2015. The middle SDI quintile improved the most from 1990 to 2015, but also has the most complicated causal profile. Maternal mortality in the highest SDI quintile is mostly due to other direct maternal disorders, indirect maternal disorders, and abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and
Published: 2016
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20. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015

Author: University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Surgery, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Dandona, Lalit, Gething, Peter W., Hay, Simon I., Kinfu, Yohannes, Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Pinho, Christine, Salomon, Joshua A., Steiner, Caitlyn, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdallat, Mahmud A., Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Alasfoor, Deena, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Antoine, Rose Mayerline, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Arnlov, Johan, Arora, Megha, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, NeerajHaidong Wang, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Biroscak, Brian J., Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brugha, Traolach S., Butt, Zahid A., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung -Chen, Chavan, Laxmikant, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Dahiru, Tukur, Damasceno, Albertino, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Rakhi, Das Neves, Jose, De Leo, Diego, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dicker, Daniel J., Ding, Eric L., Dossou, Edem, Dubey, Manisha, Ebel, Beth E., Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Gt, Nataliya Fo, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya S., Friedman, Joseph, Pullman, Nancy, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremedhin, Mengistu, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gibney, Katherine B., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Goenka, Shifalika, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Harun, Kimani M., Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huybrechts, Inge, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karletsos, Dimitris, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khonelidze, Irma, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael J., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lamadrid-Figueroa, Hector, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Marquez, Neal, Masiye, Felix, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan De la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montero, Pablo, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moore, Ami R., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Nash, Denis, Neupane, Subas, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ota, Erika, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, Pa, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda, Papantoniou, Nikolaos, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Refaat, Amany H., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, GBD 2015 Maternal Mortality, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Department of Surgery, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Dandona, Lalit, Gething, Peter W., Hay, Simon I., Kinfu, Yohannes, Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Pinho, Christine, Salomon, Joshua A., Steiner, Caitlyn, Vos, Theo, Wang, Haidong, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdallat, Mahmud A., Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Achoki, Tom, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Alasfoor, Deena, Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Aldridge, Robert William, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Antoine, Rose Mayerline, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Arnlov, Johan, Arora, Megha, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Basu, Sanjay, Bayou, Tigist Assefa, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, NeerajHaidong Wang, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Biroscak, Brian J., Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed D., Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brugha, Traolach S., Butt, Zahid A., Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Cardenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Oquela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung -Chen, Chavan, Laxmikant, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coggeshall, Megan, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Dahiru, Tukur, Damasceno, Albertino, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Rakhi, Das Neves, Jose, De Leo, Diego, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dicker, Daniel J., Ding, Eric L., Dossou, Edem, Dubey, Manisha, Ebel, Beth E., Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Fleming, Tom, Gt, Nataliya Fo, Franca, Elisabeth Barboza, Franklin, Richard C., Fraser, Maya S., Friedman, Joseph, Pullman, Nancy, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremedhin, Mengistu, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gibney, Katherine B., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Goenka, Shifalika, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Harun, Kimani M., Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huybrechts, Inge, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idrisov, Bulat T., Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karletsos, Dimitris, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kayibanda, Jeanne Francoise, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kazi, Dhruv S., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Keren, Andre, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khonelidze, Irma, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Yun Jin, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael J., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lamadrid-Figueroa, Hector, Lan, Qing, Larsson, Anders, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Ma, Stefan, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Marquez, Neal, Masiye, Felix, Marzan, Melvin Barrientos, Mason-Jones, Amanda J., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mena-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Misganaw, Awoke, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Monis, Jonathan De la Cruz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montanez, Montero, Pablo, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moore, Ami R., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mori, Rintaro, Mueller, Ulrich, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Nash, Denis, Neupane, Subas, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Nguhiu, Peter, Nguyen, Grant, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nomura, Marika, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Nyakarahuka, Luke, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ota, Erika, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, Pa, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda, Papantoniou, Nikolaos, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Hye-Youn, Caicedo, Angel J. Paternina, Patten, Scott B., Paul, Vinod K., Pereira, David M., Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Refaat, Amany H., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, and GBD 2015 Maternal Mortality
Abstract: Background In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated maternal mortality at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2015 for ages 10-54 years by systematically compiling and processing all available data sources from 186 of 195 countries and territories, 11 of which were analysed at the subnational level. We quantified eight underlying causes of maternal death and four timing categories, improving estimation methods since GBD 2013 for adult all-cause mortality, HIV-related maternal mortality, and late maternal death. Secondary analyses then allowed systematic examination of drivers of trends, including the relation between maternal mortality and coverage of specific reproductive health-care services as well as assessment of observed versus expected maternal mortality as a function of Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Findings Only ten countries achieved MDG 5, but 122 of 195 countries have already met SDG 3.1. Geographical disparities widened between 1990 and 2015 and, in 2015, 24 countries still had a maternal mortality ratio greater than 400. The proportion of all maternal deaths occurring in the bottom two SDI quintiles, where haemorrhage is the dominant cause of maternal death, increased from roughly 68% in 1990 to more than 80% in 2015. The middle SDI quintile improved the most from 1990 to 2015, but also has the most complicated causal profile. Maternal mortality in the highest SDI quintile is mostly due to other direct maternal disorders, indirect maternal disorders, and abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and
Published: 2016

21. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Vos, Theo, Allen, Christine, Arora, Megha, Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Brown, Alexandria, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Charlson, Fiona J., Chen, Alan Z., Coggeshall, Megan, Cornaby, Leslie, Dandona, Lalit, Dicker, Daniel J., Dilegge, Tina, Erskine, Holly E., Ferrari, Alize J., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Tom, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Goldberg, Ellen M., Graetz, Nicholas, Haagsma, Juanita A., Johnson, Catherine O., Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kawashima, Toana, Kemmer, Laura, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kyu, Hmwe H., Leung, Janni, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Marczak, Laurie, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Nguyen, Grant, Nsoesie, Elaine, Olsen, Helen, Pigott, David M., Pinho, Christine, Rankin, Zane, Reinig, Nikolas, Salomon, Joshua A., Sandar, Logan, Smith, Alison, Stanaway, Jeffrey, Steiner, Caitlyn, Teeple, Stephanie, Thomas, Bernadette A., Troeger, Christopher, Wagner, Joseph A., Wang, Haidong, Wanga, Valentine, Whiteford, Harvey A., Zoeckler, Leo, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Ackerman, Ilana N., Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Alegretti, Miguel Angel, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Alexander, Lily T., Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Anderson, Benjamin, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Arnlov, Johan, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Arindam, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bell, Brent, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhofff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brown, Jonathan, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey Colin, Butt, Zahid A., Calabria, Bianca, Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cesar Campuzano, Julio, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O., Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Daoud, Farah, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian C., De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Diaz-Torne, Cesar, Ding, Eric L., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ellenbogen, Richard G., Elyazar, Iqbal, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Estep, Kara, Farid, Talha A., Sofia e Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Felson, David T., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, Gerry R., Fox, Jordan, Franklin, Richard C., Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gabbe, Belinda, Ganguly, Parthasarathi, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Godwin, William W., Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Grainger, Rebecca, Greaves, Felix, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Maria Haro, Josep, Havmøller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J., Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jimenez-Corona, Aida, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khaiff, Abdur Rahman, Khaiff, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissoon, Niranjan, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kwan, Gene F., Lal, Aparna, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lam, Jennifer O., Langan, Sinead M., Larsson, Anders, Lavados, Pablo M., Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lo, Warren D., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Mackay, Mark T., Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Mahdavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Massano, Joao, McGarvey, Stephen Theodore, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, McMahon, Brian J., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Meija-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murdoch, Michele E., Nachega, Jean B., Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nkamedjie Pete, Patrick Martial, Nona, Joan M., Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nunes, Bruno P., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Majdi, Ota, Erika, Mahesh, P. A., Park, Eun-Kee, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, de Azeredo Passos, Valeria Maria, Paternina Caicedo, Angel J., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Platts-Mills, James A., Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rao, Puja, Refaat, Amany H., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikofff, Serge, Reynolds, Alex, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schaub, Michael P., Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schottker, Ben, Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya A., Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Upasana, Shen, Jiabin, Shepard, Donald S., Sheth, Kevin N., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Sivonda, Anna, Skirbekk, Vegard, Skogen, Jens Christoffer, Sligar, Amber, Silwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Soreide, Kjetil, Soriano, Joan B., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Timothy J., Steinke, Sabine, Stovner, Lars, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takala, Jukka S., Landon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R., Te Ao, Braden J., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Gool, Coen H., Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wang, Linhong, Watkins, David A., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard A., Williams, Hywel C., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Woodbrook, Rachel, Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zeeb, Hajo, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J. L., Vos, Theo, Allen, Christine, Arora, Megha, Barber, Ryan M., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Brown, Alexandria, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Charlson, Fiona J., Chen, Alan Z., Coggeshall, Megan, Cornaby, Leslie, Dandona, Lalit, Dicker, Daniel J., Dilegge, Tina, Erskine, Holly E., Ferrari, Alize J., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Tom, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Fullman, Nancy, Gething, Peter W., Goldberg, Ellen M., Graetz, Nicholas, Haagsma, Juanita A., Johnson, Catherine O., Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kawashima, Toana, Kemmer, Laura, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kyu, Hmwe H., Leung, Janni, Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., Lozano, Rafael, Marczak, Laurie, Mensah, George A., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Nguyen, Grant, Nsoesie, Elaine, Olsen, Helen, Pigott, David M., Pinho, Christine, Rankin, Zane, Reinig, Nikolas, Salomon, Joshua A., Sandar, Logan, Smith, Alison, Stanaway, Jeffrey, Steiner, Caitlyn, Teeple, Stephanie, Thomas, Bernadette A., Troeger, Christopher, Wagner, Joseph A., Wang, Haidong, Wanga, Valentine, Whiteford, Harvey A., Zoeckler, Leo, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abraham, Biju, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E., Ackerman, Ilana N., Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsene Kouablan, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Arnav, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ajala, Oluremi N., Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K. M., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Alegretti, Miguel Angel, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Alexander, Lily T., Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amberbir, Alemayehu, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Amrock, Stephen Marc, Andersen, Hjalte H., Anderson, Gregory M., Anderson, Benjamin, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aregay, Atsede Fantahun, Arnlov, Johan, Al Artaman, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Atique, Suleman, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barnighausen, Till, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Arindam, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bell, Brent, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhofff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bjertness, Espen, Blore, Jed, Borschmann, Rohan, Boufous, Soufiane, Brainin, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brown, Jonathan, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey Colin, Butt, Zahid A., Calabria, Bianca, Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Cesar Campuzano, Julio, Carabin, Helene, Cardenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O., Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooper, Cyrus, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Damtew, Solomon Abrha, Dandona, Rakhi, Daoud, Farah, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian C., De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Gobbo, Liana C., Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dhillon, Preet K., Diaz-Torne, Cesar, Ding, Eric L., Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ellenbogen, Richard G., Elyazar, Iqbal, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Estep, Kara, Farid, Talha A., Sofia e Sa Farinha, Carla, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Felson, David T., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fernandes, Joao C., Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph R. A., Foreman, Kyle, Fowkes, Gerry R., Fox, Jordan, Franklin, Richard C., Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph, Furst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D., Gabbe, Belinda, Ganguly, Parthasarathi, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Gebre, Teshome, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gibney, Katherine B., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Glaser, Elizabeth, Godwin, William W., Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Grainger, Rebecca, Greaves, Felix, Guillemin, Francis, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Vipin, Gutierrez, Reyna A., Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Maria Haro, Josep, Havmøller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J., Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Heydarpour, Pouria, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hoy, Damian G., Htet, Aung Soe, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Iyer, Veena J., Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jiang, Ying, Jibat, Tariku, Jimenez-Corona, Aida, Jin, Ye, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Keren, Andre, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khaiff, Abdur Rahman, Khaiff, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kissoon, Niranjan, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A., Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kudom, Andreas A., Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kwan, Gene F., Lal, Aparna, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lam, Jennifer O., Langan, Sinead M., Larsson, Anders, Lavados, Pablo M., Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lo, Warren D., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Mackay, Mark T., Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Mahdavi, Mandi, Majdan, Marek, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David Joel, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Masiye, Felix, Massano, Joao, McGarvey, Stephen Theodore, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, McMahon, Brian J., Meaney, Peter A., Mehari, Alem, Meija-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mhimbira, Francis Apolinary, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mirarefin, Mojde, Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morawska, Lidia, Mueller, Ulrich O., Mullany, Erin, Mumford, John Everett, Murdoch, Michele E., Nachega, Jean B., Nagel, Gabriele, Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Newton, John N., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida Namnyak, Quyen Le Nguyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nkamedjie Pete, Patrick Martial, Nona, Joan M., Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nunes, Bruno P., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Majdi, Ota, Erika, Mahesh, P. A., Park, Eun-Kee, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, de Azeredo Passos, Valeria Maria, Paternina Caicedo, Angel J., Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frederic B., Pillay, Julian David, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Platts-Mills, James A., Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Rynaz H. S., Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rao, Puja, Refaat, Amany H., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikofff, Serge, Reynolds, Alex, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rolm, Hirbo Shore, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Sanabria, Juan R., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Schaub, Michael P., Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schottker, Ben, Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya A., Shaheen, Amira, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Upasana, Shen, Jiabin, Shepard, Donald S., Sheth, Kevin N., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Alves Silveira, Dayane Gabriele, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Sivonda, Anna, Skirbekk, Vegard, Skogen, Jens Christoffer, Sligar, Amber, Silwa, Karen, Soljak, Michael, Soreide, Kjetil, Soriano, Joan B., Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Timothy J., Steinke, Sabine, Stovner, Lars, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Takala, Jukka S., Landon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taye, Bineyam, Taylor, Hugh R., Te Ao, Braden J., Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thomson, Alan J., Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Tran, Bach Xuan, Dimbuene, Zacharie Tsala, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Tura, Abera Kenay, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Gool, Coen H., Varakin, Yuri Y., Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verma, Raj Kumar, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Waller, Stephen G., Wang, Linhong, Watkins, David A., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard A., Williams, Hywel C., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Woodbrook, Rachel, Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zeeb, Hajo, Zhou, Maigeng, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J. L.
Published: 2016

22. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013:quantifying the epidemiological transition

Author: Murray, Christopher J L, Barber, Ryan M, Foreman, Kyle J, Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Ayse, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F, Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Jerry P, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Achoki, Tom, Ackerman, Ilana N, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsène K, Adsuar, José C, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E, Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alegretti, Miguel A, Alemu, Zewdie A, Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almazroa, Mohammad A, Alsharif, Ubai, Alvarez, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ameh, Emmanuel A, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anderson, H Ross, Anderson, Benjamin O, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arnlöv, Johan, Arsic Arsenijevic, Valentina S, Artaman, Al, Asghar, Rana J, Assadi, Reza, Atkins, Lydia S, Avila, Marco A, Awuah, Baffour, Bachman, Victoria F, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Basulaiman, Mohammed O, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L, Benjet, Corina, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia, Beyene, Tariku J, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bienhoff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Biryukov, Stan, Blore, Jed D, Blosser, Christopher D, Blyth, Fiona M, Bohensky, Megan A, Bolliger, Ian W, Bora Başara, Berrak, Bornstein, Natan M, Bose, Dipan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R A, Boyers, Lindsay N, Brainin, Michael, Brayne, Carol E, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Briggs, Adam D, Brooks, Peter, Brown, Jonathan C, Brugha, Traolach S, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey C, Budke, Christine M, Bulchis, Anne, Bulloch, Andrew G, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Carabin, Hélène, Carapetis, Jonathan R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben E, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Çavlin, Alanur, Chadha, Vineet K, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Honglei, Chen, Wanqing, Chiang, Peggy P, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christophi, Costas A, Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M, Coffeng, Luc E, Coggeshall, Megan S, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Cooke, Graham S, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie T, Coppola, Luis M, Cortinovis, Monica, Criqui, Michael H, Crump, John A, Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dansereau, Emily, Dargan, Paul I, Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Dayama, Anand, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dessalegn, Muluken, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dherani, Mukesh K, Diaz-Torné, Cesar, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Duber, Herbert C, Ebel, Beth E, Edmond, Karen M, Elshrek, Yousef M, Endres, Matthias, Ermakov, Sergey P, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Derek F, Feigin, Valery L, Felson, David T, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Ferrari, Alize J, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Fleming, Thomas D, Foigt, Nataliya, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Paleo, Urbano Fra, Franklin, Richard C, Fürst, Thomas, Gabbe, Belinda, Gaffikin, Lynne, Gankpé, Fortuné G, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gessner, Bradford D, Gething, Peter, Gibney, Katherine B, Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Gomez Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, González-Medina, Diego, Gosselin, Richard A, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Haagsma, Juanita, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagan, Holly, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamavid, Hannah, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Hankey, Graeme J, Hansen, Gillian M, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Haro, Josep Maria, Havmøller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon I, Hay, Roderick J, Heredia-Pi, Ileana B, Heuton, Kyle R, Heydarpour, Pouria, Higashi, Hideki, Hijar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Mazeda, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Cheng, Huang, John J, Husseini, Abdullatif, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa L, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jarvis, Deborah L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jonas, Jost B, Juel, Knud, Kan, Haidong, Karch, André, Karema, Corine K, Karimkhani, Chante, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kemp, Andrew H, Kengne, Andre P, Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef S, Khalifa, Shams Eldin A, Khan, Ejaz A, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yunjin, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinge, Jonas M, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lai, Taavi, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Lawrynowicz, Alicia E B, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Levitz, Carly E, Li, Bin, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Maggie, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lofgren, Katherine T, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J, Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Ma, Stefan, Macintyre, Michael F, Mackay, Mark T, Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David J, Margono, Christopher, Marzan, Melvin B, Masci, Joseph R, Mashal, Mohammad T, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mazorodze, Tasara T, Mcgill, Neil W, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Mclain, Abigail, Meaney, Peter A, Medina, Catalina, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mekonnen, Wubegzier, Melaku, Yohannes A, Meltzer, Michele, Memish, Ziad A, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Mhimbira, Francis A, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mitchell, Philip B, Mock, Charles N, Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah, Mohammad, Karzan A, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen L D, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio C, Montico, Marcella, Montine, Thomas J, Mooney, Meghan D, Moore, Ami R, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moran, Andrew E, Mori, Rintaro, Moschandreas, Joanna, Moturi, Wilkister N, Moyer, Madeline L, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Msemburi, William T, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mukaigawara, Mitsuru, Mullany, Erin C, Murdoch, Michele E, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Kinnari S, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Narayan, K M Venkat, Nejjari, Chakib, Neupane, Sudan P, Newton, Charles R, Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida N, Nguyen, Grant, Nisar, Muhammad I, Nolte, Sandra, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Rosana E, Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Ohno, Summer L, Olusanya, Bolajoko O, Opio, John Nelson, Ortblad, Katrina, Ortiz, Alberto, Pain, Amanda W, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Panelo, Carlo Irwin A, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Jae-Hyun, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paul, Vinod K, Pavlin, Boris I, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie B, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Phillips, Bryan K, Phillips, David E, Piel, Frédéric B, Plass, Dietrich, Poenaru, Dan, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M, Pullan, Rachel L, Qato, Dima M, Quistberg, D Alex, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahman, Sajjad U, Raju, Murugesan, Rana, Saleem M, Razavi, Homie, Reddy, K Srinath, Refaat, Amany, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Richardson, Lee, Richardus, Jan Hendrik, Roberts, D Allen, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rothstein, David H, Rowley, Jane T, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George M, Saeedi, Mohammad Y, Saha, Sukanta, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sampson, Uchechukwu K A, Sanabria, Juan R, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Scarborough, Peter, Schneider, Ione J, Schöttker, Ben, Schumacher, Austin E, Schwebel, David C, Scott, James G, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serina, Peter T, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya A, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shangguan, Siyi, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G, Sigfusdottir, Inga D, Silberberg, Donald H, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Lavanya, Skirbekk, Vegard, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Sliwa, Karen, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steiner, Timothy J, Stevens, Antony, Stewart, Andrea, Stovner, Lars J, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F, Swaminathan, Soumya, Swaroop, Mamta, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabb, Karen M, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tanner, Marcel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taylor, Hugh R, Te Ao, Braden J, Tediosi, Fabrizio, Temesgen, Awoke M, Templin, Tara, Ten Have, Margreet, Tenkorang, Eric Y, Terkawi, Abdullah S, Thomson, Blake, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tonelli, Marcello, Topouzis, Fotis, Toyoshima, Hideaki, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach X, Trillini, Matias, Truelsen, Thomas, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Tuzcu, Emin M, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uzun, Selen B, Van Brakel, Wim H, Van De Vijver, Steven, van Gool, Coen H, Van Os, Jim, Vasankari, Tommi J, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy V, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Wagner, Joseph, Waller, Stephen G, Wan, Xia, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Jianli, Wang, Linhong, Warouw, Tati S, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Wenzhi, Wang, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Williams, Thomas N, Wolfe, Charles D, Wolock, Timothy M, Woolf, Anthony D, Wulf, Sarah, Wurtz, Brittany, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Ye, Pengpeng, Yentür, Gökalp K, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa E, Zhao, Yong, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zonies, David, Zou, Xiaonong, Salomon, Joshua A, Lopez, Alan D, Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J L, Barber, Ryan M, Foreman, Kyle J, Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Ayse, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F, Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Jerry P, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Achoki, Tom, Ackerman, Ilana N, Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsène K, Adsuar, José C, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E, Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alegretti, Miguel A, Alemu, Zewdie A, Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almazroa, Mohammad A, Alsharif, Ubai, Alvarez, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ameh, Emmanuel A, Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anderson, H Ross, Anderson, Benjamin O, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arnlöv, Johan, Arsic Arsenijevic, Valentina S, Artaman, Al, Asghar, Rana J, Assadi, Reza, Atkins, Lydia S, Avila, Marco A, Awuah, Baffour, Bachman, Victoria F, Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Basulaiman, Mohammed O, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L, Benjet, Corina, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benzian, Habib, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia, Beyene, Tariku J, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bienhoff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Biryukov, Stan, Blore, Jed D, Blosser, Christopher D, Blyth, Fiona M, Bohensky, Megan A, Bolliger, Ian W, Bora Başara, Berrak, Bornstein, Natan M, Bose, Dipan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R A, Boyers, Lindsay N, Brainin, Michael, Brayne, Carol E, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Briggs, Adam D, Brooks, Peter, Brown, Jonathan C, Brugha, Traolach S, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey C, Budke, Christine M, Bulchis, Anne, Bulloch, Andrew G, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Carabin, Hélène, Carapetis, Jonathan R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O, Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben E, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Çavlin, Alanur, Chadha, Vineet K, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chen, Honglei, Chen, Wanqing, Chiang, Peggy P, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christophi, Costas A, Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M, Coffeng, Luc E, Coggeshall, Megan S, Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Cooke, Graham S, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie T, Coppola, Luis M, Cortinovis, Monica, Criqui, Michael H, Crump, John A, Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dansereau, Emily, Dargan, Paul I, Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Dayama, Anand, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dessalegn, Muluken, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dherani, Mukesh K, Diaz-Torné, Cesar, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L, Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Duan, Leilei, Duber, Herbert C, Ebel, Beth E, Edmond, Karen M, Elshrek, Yousef M, Endres, Matthias, Ermakov, Sergey P, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Derek F, Feigin, Valery L, Felson, David T, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G, Ferrari, Alize J, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Fleming, Thomas D, Foigt, Nataliya, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Fowkes, F Gerry R, Paleo, Urbano Fra, Franklin, Richard C, Fürst, Thomas, Gabbe, Belinda, Gaffikin, Lynne, Gankpé, Fortuné G, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Gessner, Bradford D, Gething, Peter, Gibney, Katherine B, Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Gomez Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon, González-Medina, Diego, Gosselin, Richard A, Gotay, Carolyn C, Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Haagsma, Juanita, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagan, Holly, Halasa, Yara A, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamavid, Hannah, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Hankey, Graeme J, Hansen, Gillian M, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Haro, Josep Maria, Havmøller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon I, Hay, Roderick J, Heredia-Pi, Ileana B, Heuton, Kyle R, Heydarpour, Pouria, Higashi, Hideki, Hijar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W, Hoffman, Howard J, Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Mazeda, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Cheng, Huang, John J, Husseini, Abdullatif, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa L, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jarvis, Deborah L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N, Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jonas, Jost B, Juel, Knud, Kan, Haidong, Karch, André, Karema, Corine K, Karimkhani, Chante, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kemp, Andrew H, Kengne, Andre P, Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef S, Khalifa, Shams Eldin A, Khan, Ejaz A, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yunjin, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinge, Jonas M, Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Chanda, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G Anil, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lai, Taavi, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Lawrynowicz, Alicia E B, Leasher, Janet L, Leigh, James, Leung, Ricky, Levitz, Carly E, Li, Bin, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Maggie, Lipshultz, Steven E, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K, Lofgren, Katherine T, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J, Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Robyn M, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Ma, Stefan, Macintyre, Michael F, Mackay, Mark T, Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David J, Margono, Christopher, Marzan, Melvin B, Masci, Joseph R, Mashal, Mohammad T, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M, Mazorodze, Tasara T, Mcgill, Neil W, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Mclain, Abigail, Meaney, Peter A, Medina, Catalina, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mekonnen, Wubegzier, Melaku, Yohannes A, Meltzer, Michele, Memish, Ziad A, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Mhimbira, Francis A, Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mitchell, Philip B, Mock, Charles N, Mohamed Ibrahim, Norlinah, Mohammad, Karzan A, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen L D, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio C, Montico, Marcella, Montine, Thomas J, Mooney, Meghan D, Moore, Ami R, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moran, Andrew E, Mori, Rintaro, Moschandreas, Joanna, Moturi, Wilkister N, Moyer, Madeline L, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Msemburi, William T, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mukaigawara, Mitsuru, Mullany, Erin C, Murdoch, Michele E, Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Kinnari S, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Narayan, K M Venkat, Nejjari, Chakib, Neupane, Sudan P, Newton, Charles R, Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida N, Nguyen, Grant, Nisar, Muhammad I, Nolte, Sandra, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Rosana E, Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Ohno, Summer L, Olusanya, Bolajoko O, Opio, John Nelson, Ortblad, Katrina, Ortiz, Alberto, Pain, Amanda W, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Panelo, Carlo Irwin A, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Jae-Hyun, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paul, Vinod K, Pavlin, Boris I, Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie B, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Phillips, Bryan K, Phillips, David E, Piel, Frédéric B, Plass, Dietrich, Poenaru, Dan, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M, Pullan, Rachel L, Qato, Dima M, Quistberg, D Alex, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahman, Sajjad U, Raju, Murugesan, Rana, Saleem M, Razavi, Homie, Reddy, K Srinath, Refaat, Amany, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Richardson, Lee, Richardus, Jan Hendrik, Roberts, D Allen, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rothstein, David H, Rowley, Jane T, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George M, Saeedi, Mohammad Y, Saha, Sukanta, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sampson, Uchechukwu K A, Sanabria, Juan R, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Scarborough, Peter, Schneider, Ione J, Schöttker, Ben, Schumacher, Austin E, Schwebel, David C, Scott, James G, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serina, Peter T, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya A, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shamah Levy, Teresa, Shangguan, Siyi, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G, Sigfusdottir, Inga D, Silberberg, Donald H, Simard, Edgar P, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Lavanya, Skirbekk, Vegard, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Sliwa, Karen, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steiner, Timothy J, Stevens, Antony, Stewart, Andrea, Stovner, Lars J, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sunguya, Bruno F, Swaminathan, Soumya, Swaroop, Mamta, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabb, Karen M, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tanner, Marcel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taylor, Hugh R, Te Ao, Braden J, Tediosi, Fabrizio, Temesgen, Awoke M, Templin, Tara, Ten Have, Margreet, Tenkorang, Eric Y, Terkawi, Abdullah S, Thomson, Blake, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tillmann, Taavi, Tonelli, Marcello, Topouzis, Fotis, Toyoshima, Hideaki, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach X, Trillini, Matias, Truelsen, Thomas, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis, Tuzcu, Emin M, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uzun, Selen B, Van Brakel, Wim H, Van De Vijver, Steven, van Gool, Coen H, Van Os, Jim, Vasankari, Tommi J, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy V, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R, Wagner, Joseph, Waller, Stephen G, Wan, Xia, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Jianli, Wang, Linhong, Warouw, Tati S, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Wenzhi, Wang, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Williams, Thomas N, Wolfe, Charles D, Wolock, Timothy M, Woolf, Anthony D, Wulf, Sarah, Wurtz, Brittany, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Ye, Pengpeng, Yentür, Gökalp K, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa E, Zhao, Yong, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zonies, David, Zou, Xiaonong, Salomon, Joshua A, Lopez, Alan D, and Vos, Theo
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age-sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development.METHODS: We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time.FINDINGS: Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6·2 years (95% UI 5·6-6·6), from 65·3 years (65·0-65·6) in 1990 to 71·5 years (71·0-71·9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5·4 years (4·9-5·8), from 56·9 years (54·5-59·1) to 62·3 years (59·7-64·8), total DALYs
Published: 2015

23. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author: Fitzmaurice, Christina, Allen, Christine, Barber, Ryan M., Barregard, Lars, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Brenner, Hermann, Dicker, Daniel J., Chimed-Orchir, Odgerel, Dandona, Rakhi, Dandona, Lalit, Fleming, Tom, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Hancock, Jamie, Hay, Roderick J., Hunter-Merrill, Rachel, Huynh, Chantal, Hosgood, H. Dean, Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B., Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kumar, G. Anil, Kutz, Michael, Lan, Qing, Larson, Heidi J., Liang, Xiaofeng, Lim, Stephen S., Lopez, Alan D., MacIntyre, Michael F., Marczak, Laurie, Marquez, Neal, Mokdad, Ali H., Pinho, Christine, Pourmalek, Farshad, Salomon, Joshua A., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sandar, Logan, Sartorius, Benn, Schwartz, Stephen M., Shackelford, Katya A., Shibuya, Kenji, Stanaway, Jeff, Steiner, Caitlyn, Sun, Jiandong, Takahashi, Ken, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagner, Joseph A., Wang, Haidong, Westerman, Ronny, Zeeb, Hajo, Zoeckler, Leo, Abd-Allah, Foad, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Alabed, Samer, Alam, Noore K., Aldhahri, Saleh Fahed, Alem, Girma, Alemayohu, Mulubirhan Assefa, Ali, Raghib, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Amare, Azmeraw, Amoako, Yaw, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Atnafu, Niguse, Awasthi, Ashish, Saleem, Huda Ba, Barac, Aleksandra, Bedi, Neeraj, Bensenor, Isabela, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem, Binagwaho, Agnes, Boneya, Dube, Campos-Nonato, Ismael, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chiang, Peggy, Chibueze, Chioma, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young, Cowie, Benjamin, Damtew, Solomon, das Neves, José, Dey, Suhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath, Dhillon, Preet, Ding, Eric, Driscoll, Tim, Ekwueme, Donatus, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Farvid, Maryam, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, Joao, Fischer, Florian, G/hiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebru, Alemseged, Gopalani, Sameer, Hailu, Alemayehu, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Husseini, Abdullatif, Huybrechts, Inge, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jee, Sun Ha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kedir, Muktar Sano, Khader, Yousef S., Khang, Young-Ho, Kim, Daniel, Leigh, James, Linn, Shai, Lunevicius, Raimundas, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Marcenes, Wagner, Markos, Desalegn, Melaku, Yohannes A., Meles, Kidanu G, Mendoza, Walter, Mengiste, Desalegn Tadese, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Miller, Ted R., Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Nagel, Gabriele, Nand, Devina, Le Nguyen, Quyen, Nolte, Sandra, Ogbo, Felix A., Oladimeji, Kelechi E., Oren, Eyal, Pa, Mahesh, Park, Eun-Kee, Pereira, David M, Plass, Dietrich, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rana, Saleem M., Søreide, Kjetil, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Shaikh, Masood Ali, She, Jun, Shiue, Ivy, Shore, Hirbo Roba, Shrime, Mark G., So, Samuel, Soneji, Samir, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Sykes, Bryan L., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadese, Fentaw, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J. S., Tran, Bach Xuan, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Wubshet Terefe, Mamo, Yebyo, Henock Gebremedhin, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Murray, Christopher J. L., and Naghavi, Mohsen
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Current estimates on the burden of cancer are needed for cancer control planning. OBJECTIVE: To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 32 cancers in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Cancer mortality was estimated using vital registration system data, cancer registry incidence data (transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality to incidence [MI] ratios), and verbal autopsy data. Cancer incidence was calculated by dividing mortality estimates through the modeled MI ratios. To calculate cancer prevalence, MI ratios were used to model survival. To calculate YLDs, prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights. The YLLs were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the reference life expectancy. DALYs were estimated as the sum of YLDs and YLLs. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Countries were categorized by SDI quintiles to summarize results. FINDINGS: In 2015, there were 17.5 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.7 million deaths. Between 2005 and 2015, cancer cases increased by 33%, with population aging contributing 16%, population growth 13%, and changes in age-specific rates contributing 4%. For men, the most common cancer globally was prostate cancer (1.6 million cases). Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs in men (1.2 million deaths and 25.9 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer was breast cancer (2.4 million cases). Breast cancer was also the leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs for women (523 000 deaths and 15.1 million DALYs). Overall, cancer caused 208.3 million DALYs worldwide in 2015 for both sexes combined.Between 2005 and 2015, age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers combined increased in 174 of 195 countries or territories. Age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) for all cancers combined decreased within that timeframe in 140 of 195 countries or territories. Countries with an increase in the ASDR due to all cancers were largely located on the African continent.Of all cancers, deaths between 2005 and 2015 decreased significantly for Hodgkin lymphoma (−6.1% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), −10.6% to −1.3%]). The number of deaths also decreased for esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia, although these results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: As part of the epidemiological transition, cancer incidence is expected to increase in the future, further straining limited health care resources. Appropriate allocation of resources for cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and curative and palliative care requires detailed knowledge of the local burden of cancer. The GBD 2015 study results demonstrate that progress is possible in the war against cancer. However, the major findings also highlight an unmet need for cancer prevention efforts, including tobacco control, vaccination, and the promotion of physical activity and a healthy diet.
Published: 2017
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24. Policing the ‘Drugs Intervention Programme’ (DIP): An Exploratory Study of the Southern UK Policing Region.

Author: Hancock, Jamie, Fearon, Colm, McLaughlin, Heather, and Fielden, Bob
Subjects: *POLICE, *CRIMINALS, *LAW enforcement, *LAW enforcement agencies
Abstract: The Drug Interventions Programme (DIP) established in 2003, is the default mode of intervention and policing engagement with drug-using criminals in England and Wales. The aim of this article has been to explore the DIP from the perspective of improving policing interventions by identifying key issues for engagement. An exploratory study of policing experiences from three basic command units (BCUs) are examined within the Southern Policing region of the UK. A conceptual framework is developed by identifying key issues for effective engagement with the DIP. There is a strong contribution in terms of developing new insight about different experiences of policing and DIP interventions within the Southern UK Policing Region. It is hoped that this article will help form the basis for future case study work. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Published: 2012
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25. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Naghavi, Mohsen, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Arnlov, Johan, Afshin, Ashkan, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aiyar, Sneha, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Syed Danish, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkaabi, Juma M., Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla, Andersen, Hjalte H., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Hossein, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon W., Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Paulina, Beatriz, Quintanilla, Ayala, Bejot, Yannick, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Bacha, Umar, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H., Baune, Bernhard T., Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bell, Michelle L., Bennett, James R., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly, Bikbov, Boris, Bisanzio, Donal, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Negesa, Lemma, Bulto, Bulto, Bumgarner, Blair R., Butt, Zahid A., Cardenas, Rosario, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cameron, Ewan, Cesar Campuzano, Julio, Car, Josip, Jesus Carrero, Juan, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C., Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Charlson, Fiona J., Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J., Colombara, Danny, Cooper, Cyrus, Cowie, Benjamin C., Criqui, Michael H., Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davitoiu, Dragos V., Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Dey, Subhojit, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L., Djalalinia, Shirin, Huyen Phuc Do, Huyen Phuc Do, Doku, David Teye, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Driscoll, Tim R., Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Echko, Michelle, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Enayati, Ahmadali, Erskine, Holly E., Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Ermakov, Sergey P., Estep, Kara, E Sa Farinha, Carla Sofia, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Joao C., Ferrari, Alize J., Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Finegold, Samuel, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D., Foigt, Nataliya, Frank, Tahvi, Fraser, Maya, Fullman, Nancy, Furst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebre, Teshome, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremichael, Delelegn Yilma, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W., Gold, Audra L., Goldberg, Ellen M., Gona, Philimon N., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gouda, Hebe N., Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Griswold, Max, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon I., He, Fei, Hedayati, Mohammad T., Henry, Nathaniel J., Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J., Hoy, Damian G., Huynh, Chantal, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Jurisson, Mikk, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha P., Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, John, Denny, Johnson, Catherine O., Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B., Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, Andre, Karimi, Seyed M., Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kievlan, Daniel, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimaki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lambert, Nkurunziza, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C., Larsson, Anders, Lee, Paul H., Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Kappe, Darya Li, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Stephen S., Liu, Angela, Liu, Patrick Y., Liu, Yang, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Timothy C. D., Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Maddison, Emilie R., Abd el Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manguerra, Helena, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C., Marczak, Laurie B., Markos, Desalegn, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio, Martopullo, Ira, McAlinden, Colm, McGaughey, Madeline, McGrath, John J., Mehata, Suresh, Meier, Toni, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R., Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Alireza, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Mola, Glen Liddell D., Mollenkopf, Sarah K., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montanez Hernandez, Julio C., Montico, Marcella, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D., Morozoff, Chloe, Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mruts, Kalayu Birhane, Muller, Kate, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Nachega, Jean B., Naheed, Aliya, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nasher, Jamal T., Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ionut, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Grant Nguyen, Grant Nguyen, Minh Nguyen, Minh Nguyen, Quyen Le Nguyen, Quyen Le Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Vuong Minh Nong, Vuong Minh Nong, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Majdi, Ota, Erika, Pa, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E., Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Paulson, Katherine, Pereira, David M., Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pigott, David M., Pinho, Christine, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A., Polinder, Suzanne, Postma, Maarten J., Pourmalek, Farshad, Purcell, Caroline, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rankin, Zane, Rao, Puja C., Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E., Rehm, Jurgen, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Saadat, Rizwan S. A. Soheil, Sachdev, Perminder S., Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Salama, Joseph, Salamati, Payman, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Dolores Sanchez-Nino, Maria, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S., Milicevic, Milena M. Santric, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Shahraz, Saeid, Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schneider, Ione J. C., Schulhofer-Wohl, Sam, Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shey, Muki, Shi, Peilin, Shields, Chloe, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirude, Shreya, Shiue, Ivy, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Joao Pedro, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Skiadaresi, Eirini, Sligar, Amber, Smith, Alison, Smith, David L., Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H. A., Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Soriano, Joan B., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strong, Mark, Strub, Bryan, Subart, Michelle, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sur, Patrick J., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S., Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Thakur, J. S., Thamsuwan, Ornwipa, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thomas, Katie E., Thompson, Alex H., Thomson, Alan J., Thrift, Amanda G., Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Towbin, Jeffrey Allen, Bach Xuan Tran, Bach Xuan Tran, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tsoi, Derrick, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A., Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi, van Boven, Job F. M., Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T., Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Daniel J., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whetter, Brian, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Woodbrook, Rachel, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Xavier, Denis, Xiao, Qingyang, Xu, Gelin, Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Yakob, Bereket, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Anthony Lin, Zhang, Xueying, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lopez, Alan D., Murray, Christopher J. L., Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afshin, Ashkan, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aiyar, Sneha, Alahdab, Fare, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alene, Kefyalew Addi, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Syed Danish, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkaabi, Juma M, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Françoi, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla, Andersen, Hjalte H, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Hossein, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon W, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G, Awasthi, Ashish, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Bacha, Umar, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lar, Barrero, Lope H, Baune, Bernhard T, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, James R, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Bhatt, Samir, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bienhoff, Kelly, Bikbov, Bori, Bisanzio, Donal, Bourne, Rupert R A, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Bumgarner, Blair R, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cameron, Ewan, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesu, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Charlson, Fiona J, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesuda, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J, 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Emmanuela, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebre, Teshome, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremichael, Delelegn Yilma, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W, Gillum, Richard F, Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W, Gold, Audra L, Goldberg, Ellen M, Gona, Philimon N, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gouda, Hebe N, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Griswold, Max, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmu, Hay, Simon I, He, Fei, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Henry, Nathaniel J, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hoek, Hans W, Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Huynh, Chantal, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha P, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, John, Denny, Johnson, Catherine O, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, André, Karimi, Seyed M, Karimkhani, Chante, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Kieling, Christian, Kievlan, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimaki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lambert, Tea Lallukka Nkurunziza, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Ander, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, Jame, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Li Kappe, Darya, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Stephen S, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Angela, Liu, Yang, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Timothy C D, Ma, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manguerra, Helena, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Marczak, Laurie B, Markos, Desalegn, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco 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Nascimento, Bruno Ramo, Nasher, Jamal T, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ionut, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nong, Vuong Minh, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Majdi, Ota, Erika, PA, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E, Pakhale, Smita, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Paulson, Katherine, Pereira, David M, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pigott, David M, Pinho, Christine, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A, Polinder, Suzanne, Postma, Maarten J, Pourmalek, Farshad, Purcell, Caroline, 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Subjects: Dánarmein, Male, Heilsufar, Dánartíðni, Newborn infants, Lífslíkur, Life expectancy, Communicable diseases, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, Disasters, Pregnancy, Cause of Death, Psychology, Child, Konur, Aged, 80 and over, Ungbörn, CLIMATE-CHANGE, PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM, Kransæðasjúkdómar, Global burden of disease/statistics and numerical data, Medicine (all), Men, Þjóðir, Öndunarfærasjúkdómar, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Middle Aged, Nutrition Disorders, PREVALENCE, Coronary heart disease, Smitsjúkdómar, Death, Suicide, Cardiovascular diseases, Sálfræði, World health, Child, Preschool, Nýburar, Female, GBD, mortality, Infants, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Age distribution, Global Health Metrics, Adult, Diarrhea, AFRICA, HUMAN HEALTH, Adolescent, GBD, UNITED-STATES, Socioeconomic factors, Communicable Diseases, Young Adult, Age Distribution, Heilbrigðisvísindi, Medicine, General & Internal, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, QUALITY, Women, Nutrition disorders, INCOME COUNTRIES, Mortality, Noncommunicable Diseases, Aged, Science & Technology, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Respiratory infections, Næringarskortur, ALCOHOL POLICY, mortality, Malaria, Pregnancy Complications, Socioeconomic Factors, Áverkar, Karlar, Wounds and Injuries, Félagshagfræði, Accidental Falls, Cause of death/trends, RESISTANCE
Abstract: Correction: Group Author(s): GBD 2016 Causes Death LANCET Volume: 390 Issue: 10106 Pages: E38-E38 Published: OCT 28 2017 Group Author(s): GBD 2016 Dis Injury Incidence LANCET Volume: 390 Issue: 10106 Pages: E38-E38 Published: OCT 28 2017, Background Monitoring levels and trends in premature mortality is crucial to understanding how societies can address prominent sources of early death. The Global Burden of Disease 2016 Study (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 264 causes in 195 locations from 1980 to 2016. This assessment includes evaluation of the expected epidemiological transition with changes in development and where local patterns deviate from these trends. Methods We estimated cause-specific deaths and years of life lost (YLLs) by age, sex, geography, and year. YLLs were calculated from the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. We used the GBD cause of death database composed of: vital registration (VR) data corrected for under-registration and garbage coding; national and subnational verbal autopsy (VA) studies corrected for garbage coding; and other sources including surveys and surveillance systems for specific causes such as maternal mortality. To facilitate assessment of quality, we reported on the fraction of deaths assigned to GBD Level 1 or Level 2 causes that cannot be underlying causes of death (major garbage codes) by location and year. Based on completeness, garbage coding, cause list detail, and time periods covered, we provided an overall data quality rating for each location with scores ranging from 0 stars (worst) to 5 stars (best). We used robust statistical methods including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) to generate estimates for each location, year, age, and sex. We assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific deaths in relation to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of average income per capita, educational attainment, and total fertility, with locations grouped into quintiles by SDI. Relative to GBD 2015, we expanded the GBD cause hierarchy by 18 causes of death for GBD 2016. Findings The quality of available data varied by location. Data quality in 25 countries rated in the highest category (5 stars), while 48, 30, 21, and 44 countries were rated at each of the succeeding data quality levels. Vital registration or verbal autopsy data were not available in 27 countries, resulting in the assignment of a zero value for data quality. Deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represented 72.3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 71.2-73.2) of deaths in 2016 with 19.3% (18.5-20.4) of deaths in that year occurring from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases and a further 8.43% (8.00-8.67) from injuries. Although age-standardised rates of death from NCDs decreased globally between 2006 and 2016, total numbers of these deaths increased; both numbers and age-standardised rates of death from CMNN causes decreased in the decade 2006-16-age-standardised rates of deaths from injuries decreased but total numbers varied little. In 2016, the three leading global causes of death in children under-5 were lower respiratory infections, neonatal preterm birth complications, and neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma, combined resulting in 1.80 million deaths (95% UI 1.59 million to 1.89 million). Between 1990 and 2016, a profound shift toward deaths at older ages occurred with a 178% (95% UI 176-181) increase in deaths in ages 90-94 years and a 210% (208-212) increase in deaths older than age 95 years. The ten leading causes by rates of age-standardised YLL significantly decreased from 2006 to 2016 (median annualised rate of change was a decrease of 2.89%); the median annualised rate of change for all other causes was lower (a decrease of 1.59%) during the same interval. Globally, the five leading causes of total YLLs in 2016 were cardiovascular diseases; diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and other common infectious diseases; neoplasms; neonatal disorders; and HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. At a finer level of disaggregation within cause groupings, the ten leading causes of total YLLs in 2016 were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, road injuries, malaria, neonatal preterm birth complications, HIV/AIDS, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of total YLLs in 113 countries for men and 97 countries for women. Comparisons of observed levels of YLLs by countries, relative to the level of YLLs expected on the basis of SDI alone, highlighted distinct regional patterns including the greater than expected level of YLLs from malaria and from HIV/AIDS across sub-Saharan Africa; diabetes mellitus, especially in Oceania; interpersonal violence, notably within Latin America and the Caribbean; and cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, particularly in eastern and central Europe. The level of YLLs from ischaemic heart disease was less than expected in 117 of 195 locations. Other leading causes of YLLs for which YLLs were notably lower than expected included neonatal preterm birth complications in many locations in both south Asia and southeast Asia, and cerebrovascular disease in western Europe. Interpretation The past 37 years have featured declining rates of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases across all quintiles of SDI, with faster than expected gains for many locations relative to their SDI. A global shift towards deaths at older ages suggests success in reducing many causes of early death. YLLs have increased globally for causes such as diabetes mellitus or some neoplasms, and in some locations for causes such as drug use disorders, and conflict and terrorism. Increasing levels of YLLs might reflect outcomes from conditions that required high levels of care but for which effective treatments remain elusive, potentially increasing costs to health systems., Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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26. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Estep, Kara, Petzold, Max, Negoi, Ionut, Horino, Masako, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Agrawal, Anurag, Takala, Jukka S., Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Malekzadeh, Reza, Panda, Basant Kumar, Farzadfar, Farshad, Nichols, Emma, Hoy, Damian G., Mehata, Suresh, Maddison, Emilie R., Tsoi, Derrick, Awasthi, Ashish, Asayesh, Hamid, Montico, Marcella, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Criqui, Michael H., Pakhale, Smita, Vasankari, Tommi, Ermakov, Sergey P., Yotebieng, Marcel, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Degenhardt, Louisa, Dey, Subhojit, Gupta, Tanush, Nachega, Jean B., Millear, Anoushka, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Fullman, Nancy, Tortajada, Miguel, Paulson, Katherine, Leigh, James, Kumar, Pushpendra, Santos, Itamar S., Karimi, Seyed M., Shirude, Shreya, Ding, Eric L., Roth, Gregory A., Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Mahesh, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Majeed, Azeem, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Updike, Rachel, Jayaraman, Sudha P., Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Postma, Maarten J., Nangia, Vinay, Henry, Nathaniel J., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Van Boven, Job F.M., Dandona, Rakhi, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Dandona, Lalit, Beuran, Mircea, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lotufo, Paulo A., Troeger, Christopher, Cowie, Benjamin C., Arora, Megha, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Topor-Madry, Roman, Salama, Joseph, Murray, Christopher J.L., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Liu, Yang, Molokhia, Mariam, Wallin, Mitchell T., Kivimaki, Mika, Rehm, Jürgen, Gold, Audra L., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Echko, Michelle, Taveira, Nuno, Meier, Toni, Alam, Khurshid, Gillum, Richard F., Roshandel, Gholamreza, Andersen, Hjalte H., Bensenor, Isabela M., Mountjoy-Venning, Clif, Papachristou, Christina, Barboza, Miguel A., Singh, Abhishek, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Hankey, Graeme J., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Sartorius, Benn, Koyanagi, Ai, Ong, Kanyin, Opio, John Nelson, Deiparine, Selina, Mohammadi, Alireza, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Bumgarner, Blair R., Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Lozano, Rafael, McGaughey, Madeline, Charlson, Fiona J., Kim, Daniel, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Subart, Michelle, Morozof, Chloe, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Mooney, Meghan D., Kemmer, Laura, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Fischer, Florian, Plass, Dietrich, Cirillo, Massimo, Kosen, Soewarta, Zaidi, Zoubida, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Okoro, Anselm, Salomon, Joshua A., Ikeda, Chad, Liu, Patrick Y., Yaseri, Mehdi, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Aboyans, Victor, He, Fei, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Car, Josip, Carter, Austin, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Cárdenas, Rosario, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Majdzadeh, Reza, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Kinfu, Yohannes, Davletov, Kairat, Asgedom, Solomon W., Xiao, Qingyang, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Aiyar, Sneha, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Radfar, Amir, Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Shiri, Rahman, Sadat, Nafs, Thompson, Alex H., Zhang, Xueying, Pereira, David M., Dicker, Daniel, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Silpakit, Naris, Filip, Irina, Ma, Stefan, Markos, Desalegn, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Westerman, Ronny, Strub, Bryan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Nong, Vuong Minh, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Shi, Peilin, Smith, David L., Kimokoti, Ruth W., Smith, Alison, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Faro, André, Weiss, Daniel J., Lan, Qing, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Barrero, Lope H., Gething, Peter W., Colombara, Danny, Johnson, Catherine O., Barquera, Simon, Alkaabi, Juma M., Deribew, Amare, Godwin, William W., Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Zodpey, Sanjay, Bell, Michelle L., Ärnlöv, Johan, Hammami, Mouhanad, Malhotra, Rajesh, Dargan, Paul I., Ammar, Walid, Santomauro, Damian, Bedi, Neeraj, Meretoja, Atte, Bennett, James R., Baune, Bernhard T., Alam, Noore, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Beghi, Ettore, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Furtado, Joao M., Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Lim, Stephen S., Kulikof, Xie Rachel, Finegold, Samuel, Lorkowski, Stefan, Naldi, Luigi, Kissoon, Niranjan, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Bikbov, Boris, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Steinke, Sabine, Naheed, Aliya, Shrime, Mark G., Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Mapoma, Chabila C., Schmidt, Maria Inês, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Barac, Aleksandra, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Frank, Tahvi, Kasaeian, Amir, Memish, Ziad A., Milicevic, Milena M. Santric, Swaminathan, Soumya, Weintraub, Robert G., Sharma, Jayendra, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Gupta, Rajeev, Hay, Simon I., Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Fraser, Maya, Leung, Janni, Fernandes, João C, Purcell, Caroline, Enayati, Ahmadali, Perico, Norberto, Wakayo, Tolassa, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, John, Denny, Cameron, Ewan, Strong, Mark, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Schutte, Aletta E., Alam, Tahiya, Whiteford, Harvey A., Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rafay, Anwar, Lambert, Tea Lallukka Nkurunziza, Djalalinia, Shirin, Hoek, Hans W., Esteghamati, Alireza, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Thrift, Amanda G., Kawakami, Norito, Vos, Theo, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Fürst, Thomas, Jha, Vivekanand, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Nasher, Jamal T., Gebremichael, Delelegn Yilma, Muller, Kate, Kyu, Hmwe H., Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Sharma, Rajesh, Sur, Patrick J., Manguerra, Helena, Soneji, Samir, Lee, Paul H., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Mruts, Kalayu Birhane, Lalloo, Ratilal, Hotez, Peter J., Amini, Erfan, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Pervaiz, Aslam, Osman, Majdi, Pletcher, Martin A., Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Sufyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Liu, Angela, Erskine, Holly E., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Ansari, Hossein, Anwari, Palwasha, Cooper, Cyrus, Gupta, Vipin, Morawska, Lidia, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Schneider, Ione J.C., Sagar, Rajesh, Androudi, Sofa, Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Srinivasan, Vinay, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Bourne, Rupert R.A., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Pigott, David M., Horita, Nobuyuki, Abbas, Kaja M., Karimkhani, Chante, Goldberg, Ellen M., Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Kappe, Darya Li, Ray, Sarah E., Flaxman, Abraham D., Alsharif, Ubai, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Bisanzio, Donal, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Shahraz, Saeid, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Schwebel, David C., Jonas, Songhomitra, Das Neves, José, Abd-Allah, Foad, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Sligar, Amber, Shiue, Ivy, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Harb, Hilda L., Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Alla, François, Reiner, Robert C., Kievlan, Daniel, Marczak, Laurie B., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., De Courten, Barbora, Qorbani, Mostafa, Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Karch, André, Salamati, Payman, Safiri, Saeid, Whetter, Brian, Takahashi, Ken, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Kim, Yun Jin, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Wijeratne, Tissa, Levi, Miriam, Saadat, Soheil, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Hostiuc, Sorin, Zipkin, Ben, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Gona, Philimon N., Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Wolfe, Charles D.A., Ronfani, Luca, Abbafati, Cristiana, Ali, Syed Danish, Xu, Gelin, McAlinden, Colm, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Liang, Xiaofeng, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Kabir, Zubair, Jonas, Jost B., Patton, George C., Pana, Adrian, Sykes, Bryan L., Shigematsu, Mika, Handal, Alexis J., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Nguyen, Minh, Yakob, Bereket, Patten, Scott B., Shackelford, Katya Anne, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Shey, Muki, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Ferrari, Alize J., Allebeck, Peter, Younis, Mustafa Z., Moraga, Paula, Mirarefn, Mojde, Sobaih, Badr H.A., Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Towbin, Jefrey Allen, Uthman, Olalekan A., Jürisson, Mikk, Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Ota, Erika, Rath, Goura Kishor, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Deribe, Kebede, Ur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Gouda, Hebe N., Cohen, Aaron J., Naghavi, Mohsen, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Herteliu, Claudiu, Thomas, Katie E., Hamidi, Samer, Martopullo, Ira, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Doku, David Teye, She, Jun, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Li, Yongmei, Rankin, Zane, Tran, Bach Xuan, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Torre, Anna, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Casey, Daniel C., Gupta, Prakash C., Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alahdab, Fares, Berhane, Adugnaw, Larsson, Anders, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Foigt, Nataliya, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Xavier, Denis, Barregard, Lars, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Giussani, Giorgia, Koul, Parvaiz A., Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Soriano, Joan B., Oh, In-Hwan, Werdecker, Andrea, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Griswold, Max, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Dubey, Manisha, Sachdev, Perminder S., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Safdarian, Mahdi, Rao, Puja C., Kahsay, Amaha, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Kumar, G. Anil, Morrison, Shane D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Haagsma, Juanita A., Truelsen, Thomas, Saf, Sare, Artaman, Al, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Shields, Chloe, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Bienhof, Kelly, Ortiz, Alberto, Phillips, Michael Robert, Yano, Yuichiro, Hao, Yuantao, Kieling, Christian, Hancock, Jamie, Oren, Eyal, Shoman, Haitham, Pacella, Rosana E., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Polinder, Suzanne, Pinho, Christine, Steiner, Caitlyn, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Vollset, Stein Emil, Schwendicke, Falk, Zegeye, Elias Asfaw, Anber, Nahla, Kadel, Rajendra, Hedayati, Mohammad T., Memiah, Peter, Gebre, Teshome, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Shamsipour, Mansour, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Béjot, Yannick, Huynh, Chantal, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Lopez, Alan D., Thamsuwan, Ornwipa, Sunguya, Bruno F., Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Pourmalek, Farshad, Paudel, Deepak, Miller, Ted R., Davitoiu, Dragos V., Lucas, Timothy C.D., Rezaei, Satar, Minnig, Shawn, Driscoll, Tim R., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Thakur, Lodha, Rakesh, Hosgood, H. Dean, Schulhofer-Wohl, Sam, Kamal, Ritul, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Rawaf, Salman, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Bernabé, Eduardo, Mola, Glen Liddell D., Stein, Dan J., Bhatt, Samir, Steel, Nicholas, Smith, Mari, Rizwan, Bacha, Umar, Park, Eun-Kee, Hernandez, Julio C. Montañez, Woodbrook, Rachel, McGrath, John J., Stanaway, Jefrey D., Afshin, Ashkan, Sa Farinha, Carla Sofae, Butt, Zahid A., Lansingh, Van C., Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Kopec, Jacek A., Aichour, Ibtihel, Zhang, Anthony Lin, Nguyen, Grant, Thomson, Alan J., Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Khang, Young-Ho, Olsen, Helen E., Feigin, Valery L., Silva, João Pedro, Amare, Azmeraw T., Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Kutz, Michael, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Mokdad, Ali H., Giroud, Maurice, Singh, Jasvinder A., Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Violante, Francesco S., Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Mollenkopf, Sarah K., Reitsma, Marissa B., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Allen, Christine, Samy, Abdallah M., Majdan, Marek, Mensah, George A., Mohammed, Shafu, Ahmadi, Alireza, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfh Abdullah, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, and Do, Huyen Phuc
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 3. Good health
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Monitoring levels and trends in premature mortality is crucial to understanding how societies can address prominent sources of early death. The Global Burden of Disease 2016 Study (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 264 causes in 195 locations from 1980 to 2016. This assessment includes evaluation of the expected epidemiological transition with changes in development and where local patterns deviate from these trends. METHODS: We estimated cause-specific deaths and years of life lost (YLLs) by age, sex, geography, and year. YLLs were calculated from the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. We used the GBD cause of death database composed of: vital registration (VR) data corrected for under-registration and garbage coding; national and subnational verbal autopsy (VA) studies corrected for garbage coding; and other sources including surveys and surveillance systems for specific causes such as maternal mortality. To facilitate assessment of quality, we reported on the fraction of deaths assigned to GBD Level 1 or Level 2 causes that cannot be underlying causes of death (major garbage codes) by location and year. Based on completeness, garbage coding, cause list detail, and time periods covered, we provided an overall data quality rating for each location with scores ranging from 0 stars (worst) to 5 stars (best). We used robust statistical methods including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) to generate estimates for each location, year, age, and sex. We assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific deaths in relation to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of average income per capita, educational attainment, and total fertility, with locations grouped into quintiles by SDI. Relative to GBD 2015, we expanded the GBD cause hierarchy by 18 causes of death for GBD 2016. FINDINGS: The quality of available data varied by location. Data quality in 25 countries rated in the highest category (5 stars), while 48, 30, 21, and 44 countries were rated at each of the succeeding data quality levels. Vital registration or verbal autopsy data were not available in 27 countries, resulting in the assignment of a zero value for data quality. Deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represented 72·3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 71·2-73·2) of deaths in 2016 with 19·3% (18·5-20·4) of deaths in that year occurring from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases and a further 8·43% (8·00-8·67) from injuries. Although age-standardised rates of death from NCDs decreased globally between 2006 and 2016, total numbers of these deaths increased; both numbers and age-standardised rates of death from CMNN causes decreased in the decade 2006-16-age-standardised rates of deaths from injuries decreased but total numbers varied little. In 2016, the three leading global causes of death in children under-5 were lower respiratory infections, neonatal preterm birth complications, and neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma, combined resulting in 1·80 million deaths (95% UI 1·59 million to 1·89 million). Between 1990 and 2016, a profound shift toward deaths at older ages occurred with a 178% (95% UI 176-181) increase in deaths in ages 90-94 years and a 210% (208-212) increase in deaths older than age 95 years. The ten leading causes by rates of age-standardised YLL significantly decreased from 2006 to 2016 (median annualised rate of change was a decrease of 2·89%); the median annualised rate of change for all other causes was lower (a decrease of 1·59%) during the same interval. Globally, the five leading causes of total YLLs in 2016 were cardiovascular diseases; diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and other common infectious diseases; neoplasms; neonatal disorders; and HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. At a finer level of disaggregation within cause groupings, the ten leading causes of total YLLs in 2016 were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, road injuries, malaria, neonatal preterm birth complications, HIV/AIDS, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of total YLLs in 113 countries for men and 97 countries for women. Comparisons of observed levels of YLLs by countries, relative to the level of YLLs expected on the basis of SDI alone, highlighted distinct regional patterns including the greater than expected level of YLLs from malaria and from HIV/AIDS across sub-Saharan Africa; diabetes mellitus, especially in Oceania; interpersonal violence, notably within Latin America and the Caribbean; and cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, particularly in eastern and central Europe. The level of YLLs from ischaemic heart disease was less than expected in 117 of 195 locations

27. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Stöckl, Heidi, Anwari, Palwasha, Agrawal, Sutapa, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Kim, Daniel, Graetz, Nicholas, Ali, Raghib, Jonas, Jost B., Gibney, Katherine B., Coresh, Josef, Kaul, Anil, Majdzadeh, Reza, Franklin, Richard C., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Silva, João Pedro, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Kuipers, Ernst J., Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Massano, João, Saxena, Sonia, Yip, Paul, Majdan, Marek, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Gankpé, Fortuné Gbètoho, Kadel, Rajendra, Soriano, Joan B., Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Karch, André, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Esteghamati, Alireza, Pourmalek, Farshad, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Das Neves, José, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Baune, Bernhard T., Mazidi, Mohsen, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gillum, Richard F., Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Silberberg, Donald H., Kishawi, Sami, Rawaf, Salman, Resnikoff, Serge, Allebeck, Peter, Bärnighausen, Till, Bennett, James R., Tarajia, Musharaf, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Barregard, Lars, Cirillo, Massimo, Alahdab, Fares, McGrath, John J., Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Petri, William Arthur, Lachat, Carl, Sagar, Rajesh, Zeeb, Hajo, Alsharif, Ubai, Deribew, Amare, Herteliu, Claudiu, Xu, Gelin, Patel, Tejas, Ding, Eric L., Shibuya, Kenji, Davey, Gail, Misganaw, Awoke, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Schwendicke, Falk, Barrero, Lope H., Mekonnen, Tefera Chane, Leigh, James, Lee, Paul H., Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Bell, Michelle L., Car, Josip, Balalla, Shivanthi, Pishgar, Farhad, Kastor, Anshul, Feigin, Valery L., Dubey, Manisha, Uthman, Olalekan A., Gupta, Rajeev, Alkaabi, Juma M., Nachega, Jean B., Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Sharma, Jayendra, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Lipshultz, Steven E., Bhala, Neeraj, Mohammadi, Alireza, Menon, Geetha R., Sobaih, Badr H.A., Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Kamal, Ritul, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Vollset, Stein Emil, Barac, Aleksandra, Vasankari, Tommi, Lorch, Scott A., Meier, Toni, Vladimirov, Sergey K., Rubagotti, Enrico, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Horita, Nobuyuki, Polinder, Suzanne, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Kim, Pauline, Bisanzio, Donal, Dandona, Rakhi, Fanuel, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Lansingh, Van C., Larsson, Anders, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Mooney, Meghan D., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Laryea, Dennis Odai, Deribe, Kebede, Shigematsu, Mika, Jensen, Paul N., Brenner, Hermann, Nong, Vuong Minh, Nagel, Gabriele, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Stein, Dan J., Gona, Philimon N., Htet, Aung Soe, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Dandona, Lalit, Shiue, Ivy, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, Bumgarner, Blair Randal, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Okoro, Anselm, Frank, Tahvi, Irvine, Caleb M.S., Asayesh, Hamid, Mackay, Mark T., Kahsay, Amaha, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Mokdad, Ali H., Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Park, Eun-Kee, Pereira, David M., Satpathy, Maheswar, Yan, Lijing L., Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Islam, Nazrul, Djalalinia, Shirin, Donnelly, Christl Ann, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, Bacha, Umar, Rajsic, Sasa, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Varughese, Santosh, Alla, François, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Kabir, Zubair, Tekelab, Tesfalidet, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Afshin, Ashkan, Lodha, Rakesh, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Lotufo, Paulo A., Endries, Aman Yesuf, Nomura, Marika, Gupta, Vipin, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Ameh, Emmanuel A., Swaminathan, Soumya, Popova, Svetlana, Krohn, Kristopher J., Anber, Nahla, Martin, Elena Alvarez, Seid, Abdulbasit Musa, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Thomson, Alan J., Rezaei, Satar, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Carpenter, David O., Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S. Chudi, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Sur, Patrick J., Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Farzadfar, Farshad, Aichour, Ibthiel, Hammami, Mouhanad, Gemechu, Kasiye Shiferaw, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hao, Yuantao, Dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender, Nguyen, Grant, Hostiuc, Sorin, Sligar, Amber, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Safdarian, Mahdi, Brazinova, Alexandra, Rabiee, Rynaz H.S., Sahathevan, Ramesh, Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Perico, Norberto, Renzaho, Andre M.N.N., Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rana, Saleem M., Bensenor, Isabela M., Pervaiz, Aslam, Ronfani, Luca, Weintraub, Robert G., Zhang, Anthony Lin, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Strong, Mark, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Kissoon, Niranjan, Mills, Edward J., Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Li, Yongmei, Mehta, Kala M., Thrift, Amanda G., Moore, Ami R., Driscoll, Tim R., Poulton, Richie G., Yalew, Ayalnesh Zemene, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Castro, Franz F., Yotebieng, Marcel, Pakhale, Smita, Kulkarni, Veena S., Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Machado, Isis Eloah, Malekzadeh, Reza, Silpakit, Naris, Hosgood, H. Dean, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Marczak, Laurie B., Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Foreman, Kyle J., Hamidi, Samer, Pana, Adrian, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Zodpey, Sanjay, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Estep, Kara, Ketema, Ezra Belay, Mirarefin, Mojde, Karimi, Seyed M., Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Murthy, Srinivas, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Micha, Renata, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Meretoja, Atte, Amare, Azmeraw T., Piel, Frédéric B., Norrving, Bo, Wang, Haidong, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Leung, Ricky, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Levi, Miriam, Undurraga, Eduardo A., Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Allam, Shalini D., Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Tadese, Fentaw, Soneji, Samir, Weichenthal, Scott, Doku, David Teye, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Varakin, Yuri Y., Deiparine, Selina, Barquera, Simon, Mahesh, Foigt, Nataliya, Saylan, Mete I., Shiri, Rahman, Van Boven, Job F.M., Des Jarlais, Don C., Dwivedi, Laxmi Kant, Gupta, Tanush, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Dherani, Mukesh K., Lalloo, Ratilal, Artaman, Al, Davletov, Kairat, Kutz, Michael, Mollenkopf, Sarah K., Haagsma, Juanita A., Salamati, Payman, Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, De Courten, Barbora, Wilkinson, James D., Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Assadi, Reza, Sunguya, Bruno F., Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Schneider, Ione J.C., Oh, In-Hwan, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Nangia, Vinay, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Cahill, Leah E., Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Bourne, Rupert R.A., Tesema, Cheru Leshargie, Mullany, Erin, Salvi, Sundeep Santosh, Aljunid, Syed M., Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Fürst, Thomas, Davitoiu, Dragos V., Montico, Marcella, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Hay, Simon I., Hoek, Hans W., Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Cárdenas, Rosario, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Liao, Yu, Ota, Erika, Hay, Roderick J., Leung, Janni, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Boufous, Soufiane, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Khera, Sahil, Smith, David L., Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Mehata, Suresh, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Patton, George C., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Mohanty, Sanjay K., Temam Shifa, Girma, Ye, Pengpeng, Oren, Eyal, Plass, Dietrich, Mohan, Murali B.V., Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Khan, Gulfaraz, Degenhardt, Louisa, Frostad, Joseph J., Alam, Khurshid, Nagata, Chie, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Filip, Irina, Radfar, Amir, Dellavalle, Robert P., Kopec, Jacek A., Hotez, Peter J., Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, McAlinden, Colm, Waid, Jillian L., Majeed, Azeem, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Morrison, Shane D., Owolabi, Mayowa O., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Singh, Abhishek, Amini, Erfan, Criqui, Michael H., Singh, Prashant Kumar, Topouzis, Fotis, Shetty, Balakrishna P., Kieling, Christian, Boneya, Dube Jara, Bennett, Derrick A., Meretoja, Tuomo J., Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Zaidi, Zoubida, Petzold, Max, Abbafati, Cristiana, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Maulik, Pallab K., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Lager, Anton Carl Jonas, Lim, Stephen S., Jha, Vivekanand, Mendoza, Walter, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Singh, Jasvinder A., Sharma, Rajesh, Harb, Hilda L., Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Salama, Joseph, Kivimaki, Mika, Lagat, Abraham K., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Dargan, Paul I., Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Alam, Noore, Lan, Qing, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Biryukov, Stan, Purwar, Manorama, Younis, Mustafa Z., Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Qorbani, Mostafa, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Androudi, Sofia, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Carter, Austin, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Wijeratne, Tissa, Lorkowski, Stefan, Inoue, Manami, Kan, Haidong, Gupta, Prakash C., Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Beuran, Mircea, Shen, Jiabin, Keren, Andre, Arora, Megha, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Futran, Neal D., Gebremichael, Mengistu Welday, Shaheen, Amira, Mensah, George A., Safi, Sare, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Bernabé, Eduardo, Sindi, Shireen, Bukhman, Gene, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Moraga, Paula, Seedat, Soraya, Schwebel, David C., Asghar, Rana Jawad, Steiner, Caitlyn, Shamsipour, Mansour, Jahanmehr, Nader, Kravchenko, Michael, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Hilawe, Esayas Haregot, Faro, André, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Singh, Virendra, Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O., Kumar, G. Anil, Phillips, Michael Robert, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Monasta, Lorenzo, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Bjerregaard, Peter, Negoi, Ionut, Moreno Velasquez, Ilais, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Kumsa, Fekede Asefa, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Fernandes, João C., Brugha, Traolach S., Hoy, Damian G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Panda, Basant Kumar, Minnig, Shawn, Safiri, Saeid, Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Bhansali, Anil, Gething, Peter W., Barber, Ryan M., Zhang, Xueying, Kim, Yun Jin, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Samy, Abdallah M., Bedi, Neeraj, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron, Kosen, Soewarta, Mapoma, Chabila C., Agrawal, Anurag, Ortiz, Alberto, Burch, Michael, Barboza, Miguel A., Naidoo, Kovin S., McGarvey, Stephen Theodore, Sachdev, Perminder S., Aldridge, Robert William, Awasthi, Ashish, Lambert, Nkurunziza, Mori, Rintaro, Tran, Bach Xuan, Reiner, Robert C., Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Thomas, Nihal, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Prasad, Narayan, Ram, Usha, Yano, Yuichiro, Roth, Gregory A., Miller, Ted R., Thompson, Alex H., Badawi, Alaa, Malhotra, Rajesh, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Jaenisch, Thomas, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Rehm, Jürgen, Salomon, Joshua A., Theis, Andrew, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E., Lavados, Pablo M., Pesudovs, Konrad, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Saadat, Soheil, Ansari, Hossein, Alasfoor, Deena, Furtado, Joao M., Butt, Zahid A., Aggarwal, Rakesh, Haro, Josep Maria, Tesssema, Belay, Paudel, Deepak, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Birungi, Charles, Santos, Itamar S., Yakob, Bereket, Sartorius, Benn, Vishnu, Abhishek, Koyanagi, Ai, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Shahraz, Saeid, Nanda, Lipika, Beghi, Ettore, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Tuem, Kald Beshir, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Do, Huyen Phuc, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Vos, Theo, Peterson, Carrie Beth, Rafay, Anwar, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Hancock, Jamie, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Abd-Allah, Foad, McKee, Martin, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Giussani, Giorgia, Linn, Shai, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Xavier, Denis, Wolfe, Charles D.A., Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Dixit, Priyanka, Akseer, Nadia, Murray, Christopher J.L., Gelaye, Amha Admasie, Duan, Leilei, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Girma, Bedilu Weji, Sadat, Nafis, Laxmaiah, Avula, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Larson, Heidi J., Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Santric Milicevic, Milena M., Fullman, Nancy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Werdecker, Andrea, Tanne, David, Molokhia, Mariam, De Leo, Diego, John, Oommen, Halasa, Yara A., Kim, Cho-Il, Kereselidze, Maia, Eshrati, Babak, Berhane, Adugnaw, Naghavi, Mohsen, Lozano, Rafael, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Gomez, Beatriz, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Kumar, Pushpendra, John, Denny, Hsairi, Mohamed, Marks, Guy B., Khader, Yousef Saleh, Koul, Parvaiz A., Khang, Young-Ho, Servan-Mori, Edson E., Goenka, Shifalika, Patten, Scott B., Farvid, Maryam S., Fischer, Florian, Benson, Jennifer, Blosser, Christopher D., Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Wesana, Joshua, Steel, Nicholas, Alabed, Samer, Ärnlöv, Johan, Kawakami, Norito, Memish, Ziad A., Huang, John J., Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Fraser, Maya, Violante, Francesco S., Mruts, Kalayu Birhane, Tsilimparis, Nikolaos, O'Donnell, Martin J., Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Jürisson, Mikk, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Molla Assaye, Ashagre, Mohammed, Shafiu, Ma, Stefan, Friedman, Joseph, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Lyons, Ronan A., Sawhney, Monika, Bello, Aminu K., Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Gupta, Rahul, Bikbov, Boris, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Yoon, Seok-Jun, Alhabib, Samia, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Dey, Subhojit, Yaseri, Mehdi, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Postma, Maarten J., Shi, Peilin, Aiyar, Sneha, Pacella, Rosana E., Hankey, Graeme J., Sykes, Bryan L., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mayosi, Bongani M., Lopez, Alan D., Kasaeian, Amir, Handal, Alexis J., Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Eshetie, Setegn, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Mueller, Ulrich O., Tortajada, Miguel, Schutte, Aletta E., Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Szoeke, Cassandra E.I., Mishra, Shiva Raj, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Car, Mate, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Diaz-Torné, Cesar, Hakuzimana, Alex, Shrime, Mark G., Taveira, Nuno, Trujillo, Ulises, Sobngwi, Eugene, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Béjot, Yannick, Tonelli, Marcello, Christensen, Hanne, Truelsen, Thomas, Morawska, Lidia, Kim, Sungroul, Ray, Sarah E., Tandon, Nikhil, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Mikesell, Joseph, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Muller, Kate, Jin, Ye, Ammar, Walid, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Colquhoun, Samantha M., Altirkawi, Khalid A., Crump, John A., Hu, Guoqing, Roy, Ambuj, Abbas, Kaja M., Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Wakayo, Tolassa, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Huang, Hsiang, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Norheim, Ole F., Kinfu, Yohannes, Gakidou, Emmanuela, He, Fei, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Srinivasan, Vinay, Enayati, Ahmadali, Memiah, Peter, Pigott, David M., Atre, Sachin R., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Chen, Honglei, Cohen, Aaron J., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Liu, Shiwei, and She, Jun
Subjects: 1. No poverty, 3. Good health
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. METHODS: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0·5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. FINDINGS: Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86·9 years (95% UI 86·7-87·2), and for men in Singapore, at 81·3 years (78·8-83·7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, and

28. Mortality from tetanus between 1990 and 2015: findings from the global burden of disease study 2015

Author: Kyu, Hmwe H., Mumford, John Everett, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Barber, Ryan M., Hancock, Jamie R., Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J. L., and Naghavi, Mohsen
Subjects: Adult, Male, Asia, Internationality, Adolescent, Oceania, Distribution, complex mixtures, Global Burden of Disease, Middle East, Young Adult, Humans, Mortality, Child, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Tetanus, Australasia, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, lcsh:RA1-1270, Middle Aged, Europe, Latin America, Caribbean Region, Child, Preschool, Africa, North America, Female, Trends, Research Article
Abstract: Background Although preventable, tetanus still claims tens of thousands of deaths each year. The patterns and distribution of mortality from tetanus have not been well characterized. We identified the global, regional, and national levels and trends of mortality from neonatal and non-neonatal tetanus based on the results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Methods Data from vital registration, verbal autopsy studies and mortality surveillance data covering 12,534 site-years from 1980 to 2014 were used. Mortality from tetanus was estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble modeling strategy. Results There were 56,743 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 48,199 to 80,042) deaths due to tetanus in 2015; 19,937 (UI: 17,021 to 23,467) deaths occurred in neonates; and 36,806 (UI: 29,452 to 61,481) deaths occurred in older children and adults. Of the 19,937 neonatal tetanus deaths, 45% of deaths occurred in South Asia, and 44% in Sub-Saharan Africa. Of the 36,806 deaths after the neonatal period, 47% of deaths occurred in South Asia, 36% in sub-Saharan Africa, and 12% in Southeast Asia. Between 1990 and 2015, the global mortality rate due to neonatal tetanus dropped by 90% and that due to non-neonatal tetanus dropped by 81%. However, tetanus mortality rates were still high in a number of countries in 2015. The highest rates of neonatal tetanus mortality (more than 1,000 deaths per 100,000 population) were observed in Somalia, South Sudan, Afghanistan, and Kenya. The highest rates of mortality from tetanus after the neonatal period (more than 5 deaths per 100,000 population) were observed in Somalia, South Sudan, and Kenya. Conclusions Though there have been tremendous strides globally in reducing the burden of tetanus, tens of thousands of unnecessary deaths from tetanus could be prevented each year by an already available inexpensive and effective vaccine. Availability of more high quality data could help narrow the uncertainty of tetanus mortality estimates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4111-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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29. Janácek's From the House of the Dead - Royal Opera House.

Author: Hancock, Jamie
Subjects: FROM the House of the Dead (Theatrical production), WARLIKOWSKI, Krzysztof, 1962-
Abstract: The article reviews opera "From the House of the Dead" performed at Royal Opera House as of July 1, 2018 directed by Krzysztof Warlikowski.
Published: 2018

30. Reader Portfolio.

Author: Hancock, Jamie
Published: 2018

31. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013

Author: Meghan D. Mooney, Ken Takahashi, Andrea Stewart, Jonathan C Brown, Shireen Sindi, Amany H Refaat, Ruben Castro, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Kyle R. Heuton, Gillian M. Hansen, Chante Karimkhani, Bryan K. Phillips, Ibrahim Abubakar, Yohannes Kinfu, Victoria F Bachman, Konstantinos Stroumpoulis, Megan Coggeshall, Lucía Cuevas-Nasu, Yichong Li, Vineet K. Chadha, Andrew G. M. Bulloch, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Don C. Des Jarlais, Giancarlo Logroscino, Francis Apolinary Mhimbira, Jefferson G Fernandes, Cheng Huang, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé, Roderick J Hay, Itamar S. Santos, Zanfina Ademi, Fiona J Charlson, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Anwar Rafay, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman, Juanita A. Haagsma, Emmanuel A. Ameh, John J. McGrath, Massimo Cirillo, Wubegzier Mekonnen, Holly Hagan, Naohiro Yonemoto, Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni, Dietrich Plass, Matias Trillini, David Phillips, Braden Te Ao, Wanqing Chen, Yun Jin Kim, David Rojas-Rueda, Christina Papachristou, Andrew E. Moran, Richard A. Gosselin, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Soraya Seedat, Janet L Leasher, Belinda K Lloyd, Lorenzo Monasta, Bruno F. Sunguya, Eun-Kee Park, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Mohammad A. AlMazroa, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Young-Ho Khang, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Dima M. Qato, James Scott, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Luca Ronfani, Haidong Kan, Tasara T. Mazorodze, Murugesan Raju, Saeid Shahraz, Taavi Tillmann, Wang Wenzhi, Neil Pearce, Eric Y. Tenkorang, Aliya Naheed, Ferrán Catalá-López, Sudan Prasad Neupane, Emily Dansereau, Michael McKee, Derrick A Bennett, Mazeda Hossain, Paul S. F. Yip, Grant Nguyen, Norberto Perico, Miguel Angel Alegretti, Babak Eshrati, Boris Bikbov, Palwasha Anwari, Guoqing Hu, Amelia Bertozzi-Villa, Peter A. Meaney, Farshad Farzadfar, Svetlana Popova, Tara Templin, Hmwe H Kyu, Uche S. Uchendu, Kebede Deribe, Sergey Soshnikov, Nobhojit Roy, Daniel Kim, Ilana N. Ackerman, Homie Razavi, Leslie T. Cooper, Sandra Nolte, David T. Felson, John J Huang, Yang Liu, Fiorella Cavalleri, Adrian Davis, Héctor Gómez Dantés, Klara Dokova, Yuantao Hao, Catalina Medina, Austin E Schumacher, Stan Biryukov, Jane Rowley, Arindam Basu, Jose C. Adsuar, Rosana E. Norman, Yousef Khader, Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho, Sukanta Saha, Simón Barquera, Diego Gonzalez-Medina, Philip B. Mitchell, Lars Barregard, Haidong Wang, Yongmei Li, Ami R. Moore, Marie Ng, Raghib Ali, Peter T. Serina, Lijing L Yan, Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Ricky Leung, Michelle L. Bell, Tim Driscoll, Azmeraw T. Amare, Farshad Pourmalek, Tea Lallukka, Benjamin O Anderson, Raimundas Lunevicius, Corine Karema, Robert G. Weintraub, Erin C Mullany, Anders Larsson, Glen Mola, Paulo A. Lotufo, Luke Nyakarahuka, Sayed Saidul Alam, Louisa Degenhardt, Hugh R. Taylor, E. Ray Dorsey, Suzanne Polinder, Hilton Lam, Urbano Fra Paleo, David Zonies, Rahman Shiri, Marco A Avila, Alicia Elena Beatriz Lawrynowicz, Katya Anne Shackelford, Lynne Gaffikin, Konstantin Kazanjan, Mark T Mackay, Jasvinder A. Singh, Bryan L. Sykes, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Chantal Huynh, Rakhi Dandona, Logan Sandar, Lavanya Singh, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Theo Vos, Steven E. Lipshultz, Coen H. Van Gool, Peggy P. Chiang, Mark G. Shrime, Christopher J L Murray, Scott Weichenthal, Jae-Hyun Park, Samia Alhabib, Philimon Gona, Christian Kieling, Yuichiro Yano, Ronny Westerman, Thomas Truelsen, Rajeev Gupta, Megan Bohensky, Abdullatif Husseini, Qing Lan, Luke D. Knibbs, Yousef M. Elshrek, H. Ross Anderson, Guohong Jiang, Madeline L. Moyer, Vinod K. Paul, Wim H. van Brakel, Emin Murat Tuzcu, Kara Estep, Lalit Dandona, Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Ying Jiang, Joseph A Wagner, Mitsuru Mukaigawara, In-Hwan Oh, Siyi Shangguan, Noela M. Prasad, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Borja del Pozo-Cruz, Gokalp Kadri Yentur, Hilda L Harb, Elena Alvarez, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Mustafa Z. Younis, Herbert C. Duber, Erica Leigh Slepak, George A. Mensah, Knud Juel, Graeme J. Hankey, Natan M. Bornstein, Martha Híjar, Johan Ärnlöv, Mohamed Hsairi, Katherine T. Lofgren, Murray B. Stein, Renata Micha, Luigi Naldi, Margreet ten Have, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Kyle J Foreman, Kenji Shibuya, F. Gerry R. Fowkes, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Rana J. Asghar, Karen M. Tabb, Kovin Naidoo, Rogelio Pérez-Padilla, Honglei Chen, Antônio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Rasmus Havmoeller, Yukito Shinohara, Bongani M. Mayosi, Ernst J Kuipers, Konrad Pesudovs, Mouhanad Hammami, Lee Richardson, Rintaro Mori, Thomas D. Fleming, Pouria Heydarpour, Stephen G. Waller, Nicholas Graetz, Chanda Kulkarni, Peter Brooks, Gulfaraz Khan, Marcel Tanner, Van C. Lansingh, François Alla, Jamie Hancock, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Neeraj Bedi, Anthony D. Woolf, Tariku Jibat Beyene, Amanda W Pain, Eric L. Ding, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Semaw Ferede Abera, Devina Nand, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, George D Thurston, Victor Aboyans, Alanur Çavlin, Jefferson Traebert, Michael R. Phillips, Yingfeng Zheng, Baffour Awuah, Carlo Irwin A. Panelo, Selen Begüm Uzun, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Samir Soneji, Veena S. Kulkarni, Mukesh Dherani, Stephen S Lim, Andre Keren, Kingsley N. Ukwaja, Sajjad Ur Rahman, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Kjetil Søreide, Blake Thomson, Samath D Dharmaratne, Christopher D. Blosser, David H. Rothstein, Amanda G. Thrift, Fabrizio Tediosi, Andrew H. Kemp, H. Dean Hosgood, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Miia Kivipelto, Amitava Banerjee, Edgar P. Simard, Reza Malekzadeh, Maggie Lind, Robert P. Dellavalle, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Lydia S. Atkins, Tom Achoki, Aslam Pervaiz, Peter Scarborough, Hans W. Hoek, Ettore Beghi, Emilie Agardh, Abraham D. Flaxman, Dariush Mozaffarian, Juan R. Sanabria, Muluken Dessalegn, David C. Schwebel, Caitlyn Steiner, Ubai Alsharif, Richard C. Franklin, Gail Davey, Gelin Xu, Reyna A Gutiérrez, Joannie Lortet-Tieulent, Ashish Bhalla, Jost B. Jonas, Paul N. Jensen, Simon I. Hay, Xiaonong Zou, Andre Pascal Kengne, Tolesa Bekele, Brittany Wurtz, Jung-Chen Chang, Joseph Murray, Luciano A. Sposato, Stefan Ma, Summer Lockett Ohno, Charles R. Newton, Bradford D. Gessner, JianLi Wang, Scott B. Patten, Thomas Fürst, Carol Brayne, Christina Fitzmaurice, Peilin Shi, Ted R. Miller, Kinnari S. Murthy, Habib Benzian, Peter W. Gething, Cesar Diaz-Torne, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Bo Norrving, Carly E Levitz, Adam D M Briggs, Sungroul Kim, Isabela M. Benseñor, John A. Crump, Sergey Petrovich Ermakov, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Awoke Misganaw Temesgen, Marcella Montico, Sanjay Krishnaswami, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Ann Kristin Knudsen, Sun Ha Jee, Valery L. Feigin, Christine M. Budke, Anne Bulchis, Anand Dayama, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Cyrus Cooper, Teresa Shamah Levy, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Nataliya A. Foigt, Beth E. Ebel, Max Petzold, Heresh Amini, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Dan Poenaru, Jim van Os, Michele E. Murdoch, Samantha M. Colquhoun, Michael H. Criqui, Giorgia Giussani, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Thomas N. Williams, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Chuanhua Yu, Luis M. Coppola, Thomas J. Montine, Alaa Badawi, Eduardo Bernabé, Melvin Barrientos Marzan, James Leigh, Frédéric B. Piel, Ratilal Lalloo, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Maheswar Satpathy, Hélène Carabin, Corina Benjet, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Ryan M Barber, Fotis Topouzis, Bin Li, Serge Resnikoff, Taavi Lai, Rachelle Buchbinder, Randah R. Hamadeh, Valeria Caso, Holly E. Erskine, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris, Rachel L. Pullan, Ben Schöttker, Rafael Lozano, Damian G Hoy, Fiona M. Blyth, Belinda J. Gabbe, Hebe N. Gouda, Farhad Islami, Atte Meretoja, Christopher Margono, Marissa Iannarone, Ronan A Lyons, Wilkister N. Moturi, Donald H. Silberberg, Alexandra Brazinova, Monica Cortinovis, Deena Alasfoor, Richard Matzopoulos, Jerry Abraham, Francesco Saverio Violante, Monika Sawhney, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Valentina Colistro, Derek F J Fay, Mamta Swaroop, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, John Nelson Opio, Hanne Christensen, Jun She, Soewarta Kosen, Atsushi Goto, Costas A. Christophi, Jeyaraj D. Pandian, Peter J. Hotez, K. Srinath Reddy, Al Artaman, Peter Allebeck, Jonas Minet Kinge, Graham S Cooke, Dan J. Stein, Kawkab Shishani, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Katrina F Ortblad, Deborah Jarvis, Arsène Kouablan Adou, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Alan D. Lopez, G Anil Kumar, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Yong Zhao, Rajiv Chowdhury, Hadi Danawi, George C Patton, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov, André Karch, Tommi J. Vasankari, Matthias Endres, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Charles N Mock, Katharine J Looker, Bach Xuan Tran, Fernando Perez-Ruiz, Harish Chander Gugnani, Reza Assadi, Hannah Hamavid, Rosario Cárdenas, Mohammed I. Albittar, Sarah Derrett, Mohammad Yahya Saeedi, Traolach S. Brugha, Jan Hendrik Richardus, Alireza Esteghamati, Seok Jun Yoon, Josep Maria Haro, Michael Brainin, Ziad A. Memish, Rupert R A Bourne, Katherine B Gibney, David M. Pereira, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Luc E. Coffeng, Joshua A. Salomon, Xia Wan, Ian Bolliger, Boris I. Pavlin, Karen Sliwa, Tati S. Warouw, Geoffrey Buckle, Chakib Nejjari, Diego De Leo, Ashkan Afshin, Vinay Nangia, Daniel Pope, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Nikhil Tandon, Kelly Bienhoff, Jed D. Blore, Walid Ammar, D. Allen Roberts, Elisabete Weiderpass, Gregory A. Roth, Manami Inoue, James D. Wilkinson, Hideaki Toyoshima, Soufiane Boufous, Ivy Shiue, Edward J Mills, Leilei Duan, Matthew M Coates, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Alberto Ortiz, Steven van de Vijver, David Carpenter, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Antony Stevens, Sanjay Basu, Maria Cecilia Bahit, Kaire Innos, Lindsay N. Boyers, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Alize J. Ferrari, Timothy M. Wolock, Simerjot K. Jassal, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Joanna Moschandreas, Howard J. Hoffman, Hideki Higashi, George M. Ruhago, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Mohammed Basulaiman, D. Alex Quistberg, Justin Beardsley, Marcello Tonelli, Maurice Giroud, Karen Edmond, Norito Kawakami, Mohammad T Mashal, Neeraj Bhala, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, David Tanne, Abhishek Singh, Kazem Rahimi, Vivekanand Jha, Wagner Marcenes, David J. Margolis, Yara A. Halasa, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Carrie Beth Peterson, Edson Serván-Mori, Anil Kaul, Foad Abd-Allah, Marek Majdan, Rahul Gupta, Robyn M. Lucas, Sarah Wulf, Lars Jacob Stovner, Mohsen Naghavi, Vegard Skirbekk, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Pengpeng Ye, Ali H. Mokdad, Dipan Bose, Saleem M Rana, Jeffrey D Stanaway, Abigail Mclain, Timothy J. Steiner, Amira Shaheen, Stein Emil Vollset, Andrea Werdecker, Michele Meltzer, Richie G Poulton, Joseph R. Masci, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Daniel Dicker, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Shiwei Liu, Julio C. Montañez Hernandez, Valentina Arsić Arsenijević, William Msemburi, Lope H Barrero, Linhong Wang, Soumya Swaminathan, Harvey Whiteford, Michael F. Macintyre, Berrak Bora Basara, Gregory R. Wagner, Paul I. Dargan, Hermann Brenner, Carolyn C. Gotay, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khalifa, Neil McGill, Murray, Christopher J. L, Barber, Ryan M., Foreman, Kyle J., Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F., Aboyans, Victor, Abraham, Jerry P., Abubakar, Ibrahim, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Achoki, Tom, Ackerman, Ilana N., Ademi, Zanfina, Adou, Arsène K., Adsuar, José C., Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E., Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I., Alegretti, Miguel A., Alemu, Zewdie A., Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alla, Françoi, Allebeck, Peter, Almazroa, Mohammad A., Alsharif, Ubai, Alvarez, Elena, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Ameh, Emmanuel A., Amini, Heresh, Ammar, Walid, Anderson, H. Ro, Anderson, Benjamin O., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Arnlöv, Johan, Arsenijevic, Valentina S. Arsic, Artaman, Al, Asghar, Rana J., Assadi, Reza, Atkins, Lydia S., Avila, Marco A., Awuah, Baffour, Bachman, Victoria F., Badawi, Alaa, Bahit, Maria C., Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Banerjee, Amitava, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lar, Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Basulaiman, Mohammed O., Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bekele, Tolesa, Bell, Michelle L., Benjet, Corina, Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benzian, Habib, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia, Beyene, Tariku J., Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bienhoff, Kelly, Bikbov, Bori, Biryukov, Stan, Blore, Jed D., Blosser, Christopher D., Blyth, Fiona M., Bohensky, Megan A., Bolliger, Ian W., Başara, Berrak Bora, Bornstein, Natan M., Bose, Dipan, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert R. A., Boyers, Lindsay N., Brainin, Michael, Brayne, Carol E., Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Briggs, Adam D., Brooks, Peter M., Brown, Jonathan C., Brugha, Traolach S., Buchbinder, Rachelle, Buckle, Geoffrey C., Budke, Christine M., Bulchis, Anne, Bulloch, Andrew G., Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Carabin, Hélène, Carapetis, Jonathan R., Cárdenas, Rosario, Carpenter, David O., Caso, Valeria, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castro, Ruben E., Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cavalleri, Fiorella, Çavlin, Alanur, Chadha, Vineet K., Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J., Chen, Honglei, Chen, Wanqing, Chiang, Peggy P., Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christophi, Costas A., Cirillo, Massimo, Coates, Matthew M., Coffeng, Luc E., Coggeshall, Megan S., Colistro, Valentina, Colquhoun, Samantha M., Cooke, Graham S., Cooper, Cyru, Cooper, Leslie T., Coppola, Luis M., Cortinovis, Monica, Criqui, Michael H., Crump, John A., Cuevas-Nasu, Lucia, Danawi, Hadi, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dansereau, Emily, Dargan, Paul I., Davey, Gail, Davis, Adrian, Davitoiu, Dragos V., Dayama, Anand, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, Del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Derrett, Sarah, Des Jarlais, Don C., Dessalegn, Muluken, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dherani, Mukesh K., Diaz-Torné, Cesar, Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L., Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R., Duan, Leilei, Duber, Herbert C., Ebel, Beth E., Edmond, Karen M., Elshrek, Yousef M., Endres, Matthia, Ermakov, Sergey P., Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Derek F., Feigin, Valery L., Felson, David T., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Ferrari, Alize J., Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D., Fleming, Thomas D., Foigt, Nataliya, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Fowkes, F Gerry R., Paleo, Urbano Fra., Franklin, Richard C., Fürst, Thoma, Gabbe, Belinda, Gaffikin, Lynne, Gankpé, Fortuné G., Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gessner, Bradford D., Gething, Peter, Gibney, Katherine B., Giroud, Maurice, Giussani, Giorgia, Dantes, Hector Gomez, Gona, Philimon, González-Medina, Diego, Gosselin, Richard A., Gotay, Carolyn C., Goto, Atsushi, Gouda, Hebe N., Graetz, Nichola, Gugnani, Harish C., Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gutiérrez, Reyna A., Haagsma, Juanita, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagan, Holly, Halasa, Yara A., Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamavid, Hannah, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hancock, Jamie, Hankey, Graeme J., Hansen, Gillian M., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Haro, Josep Maria, Havmoeller, Rasmu, Hay, Simon I., Hay, Roderick J., Heredia-Pi, Ileana B., Heuton, Kyle R., Heydarpour, Pouria, Higashi, Hideki, Hijar, Martha, Hoek, Hans W., Hoffman, Howard J., Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Mazeda, Hotez, Peter J., Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Cheng, Huang, John J., Husseini, Abdullatif, Huynh, Chantal, Iannarone, Marissa L., Iburg, Kim M., Innos, Kaire, Inoue, Manami, Islami, Farhad, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jarvis, Deborah L., Jassal, Simerjot K., Jee, Sun Ha, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jensen, Paul N., Jha, Vivekanand, Jiang, Guohong, Jiang, Ying, Jonas, Jost B., Juel, Knud, Kan, Haidong, Karch, André, Karema, Corine K., Karimkhani, Chante, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kemp, Andrew H., Kengne, Andre P., Keren, Andre, Khader, Yousef S., Khalifa, Shams Eldin A., Khan, Ejaz A., Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Sungroul, Kim, Yunjin, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kinge, Jonas M., Kivipelto, Miia, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kosen, Soewarta, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulkarni, Chanda, Kulkarni, Veena S., Kumar, G Anil, Kyu, Hmwe H., Lai, Taavi, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C., Larsson, Ander, Lawrynowicz, Alicia E. B., Leasher, Janet L., Leigh, Jame, Leung, Ricky, Levitz, Carly E., Li, Bin, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Lim, Stephen S., Lind, Maggie, Lipshultz, Steven E., Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lloyd, Belinda K., Lofgren, Katherine T., Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J., Lortet-Tieulent, Joannie, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Robyn M., Lunevicius, Raimunda, Lyons, Ronan A., Ma, Stefan, Macintyre, Michael F., Mackay, Mark T., Majdan, Marek, Malekzadeh, Reza, Marcenes, Wagner, Margolis, David J., Margono, Christopher, Marzan, Melvin B., Masci, Joseph R., Mashal, Mohammad T., Matzopoulos, Richard, Mayosi, Bongani M., Mazorodze, Tasara T., Mcgill, Neil W., Mcgrath, John J., Mckee, Martin, Mclain, Abigail, Meaney, Peter A., Medina, Catalina, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mekonnen, Wubegzier, Melaku, Yohannes A., Meltzer, Michele, Memish, Ziad A., Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Atte, Mhimbira, Francis A., Micha, Renata, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mitchell, Philip B., Mock, Charles N., Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Mohammad, Karzan A., Mokdad, Ali H., Mola, Glen L. D., Monasta, Lorenzo, Hernandez, Julio C. Montañez, Montico, Marcella, Montine, Thomas J., Mooney, Meghan D., Moore, Ami R., Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moran, Andrew E., Mori, Rintaro, Moschandreas, Joanna, Moturi, Wilkister N., Moyer, Madeline L., Mozaffarian, Dariush, Msemburi, William T., Mueller, Ulrich O., Mukaigawara, Mitsuru, Mullany, Erin C., Murdoch, Michele E., Murray, Joseph, Murthy, Kinnari S., Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S., Naldi, Luigi, Nand, Devina, Nangia, Vinay, Narayan, K M. Venkat, Nejjari, Chakib, Neupane, Sudan P., Newton, Charles R., Ng, Marie, Ngalesoni, Frida N., Nguyen, Grant, Nisar, Muhammad I., Nolte, Sandra, Norheim, Ole F., Norman, Rosana E., Norrving, Bo, Nyakarahuka, Luke, Oh, In-Hwan, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Ohno, Summer L., Olusanya, Bolajoko O., Opio, John Nelson, Ortblad, Katrina, Ortiz, Alberto, Pain, Amanda W., Pandian, Jeyaraj D., Panelo, Carlo Irwin A., Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Jae-Hyun, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Paul, Vinod K., Pavlin, Boris I., Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Peterson, Carrie B., Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R., Phillips, Bryan K., Phillips, David E., Piel, Frédéric B., Plass, Dietrich, Poenaru, Dan, Polinder, Suzanne, Pope, Daniel, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prasad, Noela M., Pullan, Rachel L., Qato, Dima M., Quistberg, D Alex, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahman, Sajjad U., Raju, Murugesan, Rana, Saleem M., Razavi, Homie, Reddy, K Srinath, Refaat, Amany, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Resnikoff, Serge, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Richardson, Lee, Richardus, Jan Hendrik, Roberts, D Allen, Rojas-Rueda, David, Ronfani, Luca, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rothstein, David H., Rowley, Jane T., Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George M., Saeedi, Mohammad Y., Saha, Sukanta, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sampson, Uchechukwu K. A., Sanabria, Juan R., Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S., Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Scarborough, Peter, Schneider, Ione J., Schöttker, Ben, Schumacher, Austin E., Schwebel, David C., Scott, James G., Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serina, Peter T., Servan-Mori, Edson E., Shackelford, Katya A., Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Shangguan, Siyi, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shishani, Kawkab, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga D., Silberberg, Donald H., Simard, Edgar P., Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Lavanya, Skirbekk, Vegard, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Sliwa, Karen, Soneji, Samir, Søreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Murray B., Steiner, Caitlyn, Steiner, Timothy J., Stevens, Antony, Stewart, Andrea, Stovner, Lars J., Stroumpoulis, Konstantino, Sunguya, Bruno F., Swaminathan, Soumya, Swaroop, Mamta, Sykes, Bryan L., Tabb, Karen M., Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanne, David, Tanner, Marcel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taylor, Hugh R., Te Ao, Braden J., Tediosi, Fabrizio, Temesgen, Awoke M., Templin, Tara, Ten Have, Margreet, Tenkorang, Eric Y., Terkawi, Abdullah S., Thomson, Blake, Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L., Thrift, Amanda G., Thurston, George D., Tillmann, Taavi, Tonelli, Marcello, Topouzis, Foti, Toyoshima, Hideaki, Traebert, Jefferson, Tran, Bach X., Trillini, Matia, Truelsen, Thoma, Tsilimbaris, Miltiadi, Tuzcu, Emin M., Uchendu, Uche S., Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uzun, Selen B., Van Brakel, Wim H., Van De Vijver, Steven, Van Gool, Coen H., Van Os, Jim, Vasankari, Tommi J., Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasiliy V., Vollset, Stein Emil, Wagner, Gregory R., Wagner, Joseph, Waller, Stephen G., Wan, Xia, Wang, Haidong, Wang, Jianli, Wang, Linhong, Warouw, Tati S., Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Wenzhi, Wang, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wilkinson, James D., Williams, Thomas N., Wolfe, Charles D., Wolock, Timothy M., Woolf, Anthony D., Wulf, Sarah, Wurtz, Brittany, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Ye, Pengpeng, Yentür, Gökalp K., Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaki, Maysaa E., Zhao, Yong, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zonies, David, Zou, Xiaonong, Salomon, Joshua A., Lopez, Alan D., Vos, Theo, Medische Sociologie, MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3), MUMC+: MA Psychiatrie (3), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, Barber, Ryan M, Foreman, Kyle J, Abd Allah, Foad, Abera, Semaw F, Abraham, Jerry P, Abu Raddad, Laith J, Abu Rmeileh, Niveen M, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adou, Arsène K, Adsuar, José C, Agardh, Emilie E, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alegretti, Miguel A, Alemu, Zewdie A, Alfonso Cristancho, Rafael, Almazroa, Mohammad A, Alvis Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ameh, Emmanuel A, Anderson, Benjamin O, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Asghar, Rana J, Atkins, Lydia S, Avila, Marco A, Bachman, Victoria F, Bahit, Maria C, Barker Collo, Suzanne L, Barrero, Lope H, Basulaiman, Mohammed O, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bertozzi Villa, Amelia, Beyene, Tariku J, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Blore, Jed D, Blosser, Christopher D, Blyth, Fiona M, Bohensky, Megan A, Bolliger, Ian W, Bornstein, Natan M, Bourne, Rupert R. A, Boyers, Lindsay N, Brayne, Carol E, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K, Briggs, Adam D, Brooks, Peter M, Brown, Jonathan C, Brugha, Traolach S, Buckle, Geoffrey C, Budke, Christine M, Bulloch, Andrew G, Campos Nonato, Ismael R, Carapetis, Jonathan R, Carpenter, David O, Castañeda Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben E, Catalá López, Ferrán, Chadha, Vineet K, Chang, Jung Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chiang, Peggy P, Chimed Ochir, Odgerel, Christophi, Costas A, Coates, Matthew M, Coffeng, Luc E, Coggeshall, Megan S, Colquhoun, Samantha M, Cooke, Graham S, Cooper, Leslie T, Coppola, Luis M, Criqui, Michael H, Crump, John A, Cuevas Nasu, Lucia, Dargan, Paul I, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Del Pozo Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P, Jarlais, Don C. De, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dherani, Mukesh K, Diaz Torné, Cesar, Ding, Eric L, Dorsey, E. 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Dean, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, Huang, John J, Iannarone, Marissa L, Iburg, Kim M, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jarvis, Deborah L, Jassal, Simerjot K, Jensen, Paul N, Jonas, Jost B, Karema, Corine K, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kemp, Andrew H, Kengne, Andre P, Khader, Yousef S, Khalifa, Shams Eldin A, Khan, Ejaz A, Khang, Young Ho, Kinge, Jonas M, Knibbs, Luke D, Kuipers, Ernst J, Kulkarni, Veena S, Kumar, G. Anil, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lansingh, Van C, Lawrynowicz, Alicia E. 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Venkat, Neupane, Sudan P, Newton, Charles R, Ngalesoni, Frida N, Nisar, Muhammad I, Norheim, Ole F, Norman, Rosana E, Oh, In Hwan, Ohno, Summer L, Olusanya, Bolajoko O, Pain, Amanda W, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Panelo, Carlo Irwin A, Park, Eun Kee, Park, Jae Hyun, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paul, Vinod K, Pavlin, Boris I, Pereira, David M, Perez Padilla, Rogelio, Perez Ruiz, Fernando, Peterson, Carrie B, Phillips, Michael R, Phillips, Bryan K, Phillips, David E, Piel, Frédéric B, Poulton, Richie G, Prasad, Noela M, Pullan, Rachel L, Qato, Dima M, Quistberg, D. Alex, Rahman, Sajjad U, Rana, Saleem M, Reddy, K. Srinath, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Roberts, D. Allen, Rojas Rueda, David, Roth, Gregory A, Rothstein, David H, Rowley, Jane T, Ruhago, George M, Saeedi, Mohammad Y, Sampson, Uchechukwu K. A, Sanabria, Juan R, Santos, Itamar S, Schneider, Ione J, Schumacher, Austin E, Schwebel, David C, Scott, James G, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serina, Peter T, Servan Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya A, Shrime, Mark G, Sigfusdottir, Inga D, Silberberg, Donald H, Simard, Edgar P, Singh, Jasvinder A, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Murray B, Steiner, Timothy J, Stovner, Lars J, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabb, Karen M, Taylor, Hugh R, Ao, Braden J. Te, Temesgen, Awoke M, Tenkorang, Eric Y, Terkawi, Abdullah S, Thorne Lyman, Andrew L, Thrift, Amanda G, Thurston, George D, Tran, Bach X, Tuzcu, Emin M, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Undurraga, Eduardo A, Uzun, Selen B, Van Brakel, Wim H, van Gool, Coen H, Vasankari, Tommi J, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasiliy V, Wagner, Gregory R, Waller, Stephen G, Warouw, Tati S, Weintraub, Robert G, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wilkinson, James D, Williams, Thomas N, Wolfe, Charles D, Wolock, Timothy M, Woolf, Anthony D, Yan, Lijing L, Yentür, Gökalp K, Yoon, Seok Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z, Zaki, Maysaa E, Salomon, Joshua A, Lopez, Alan D, Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] ( STFC ), Science & Technologie Facilities Council, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale ( NET ), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique ( GEIST ), Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ) -Université de Limoges ( UNILIM ), Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire - Médecine vasculaire [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation ( APEMAC ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Centre d'Investigation Clinique - Epidemiologie Clinique/essais Cliniques Nancy, Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Karolinska Institute, karolinska institute, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas ( CEAZA ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Regional Genetic Service, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux ( LIM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Computer Science Department [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] ( LBNL ), Samsung Research &Development Institute India - Bangalore (Groupe Samsung) ( SRI-B ), Multimedia Research Center ( MRC ), University of Alberta [Edmonton], Division of Biostatistics ( Biostat - MINNEAPOLIS ), University of Minnesota [Minneapolis], Laboratory of Neurologic Diseases, Mario Negri Institute, Milan, University of Southampton [Southampton], Imperial College London, Neurology Department, Ichilov Medical Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Interactions, transferts, ruptures artistiques et culturels - EA 6301 ( InTRu ), Université de Tours, Institut Jacques Monod ( IJM ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Parasitology, STAR laboratory, Stanford University [Stanford], Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires ( VIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore ( NUS ), Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Swansea University, Department of Computer Sciences [Scheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Glasgow Centre for Physical Organic Chemistry, University of Glasgow, King‘s College London, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - 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UFR Médecine ( UGA UFRM ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Symantec, European Microsoft Innovation Center ( EMIC ), Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences ( LMPG ), Université Le Havre Normandie ( ULH ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Novartis institute for tropical diseases, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire ( IGBMC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Departments of Ophthalmology, Departments of Applied Physics [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Center for Mathematical Modeling ( CMM ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] ( LASP ), University of Colorado Boulder [Boulder], University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] ( UEOH ), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [New Delhi], Indian Institute of Technology Delhi ( IIT Delhi ), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre ( IRPHE ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), GlaxoSmithKline, Imperial College London-Clinical Imaging Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine-Yale School of Medicine-Yale Stem Cell Center, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Nanoscience Institute ( NEST ), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratory Of Immune Cell Biology ( LICB ), National Institutes of Health ( NIH ), Institute of Human Genetics, Bonn Universität [Bonn], Occupational Health Unit, Bologna University Hospital-Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] ( KTH ), Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] ( LMU ), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, NICTA [Eveleigh], National ICT Australia [Sydney] ( NICTA ), Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques ( IHPST ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam ( GFZ ), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique ( GeM ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Neurorestoration Group, King‘s College London-Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases, Department of Computer Science [KAIST] ( CS ), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology ( KAIST ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Key Lab Biol & Genet Improvement Hort Crops N Chi, Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Computational Science and Engineering Department [Daresbury] (STFC), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Weill Cornell Medicine [Qatar], Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (LIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Samsung Research &Development Institute India - Bangalore (Groupe Samsung) (SRI-B), Multimedia Research Center (MRC), University of Alberta, Division of Biostatistics (Biostat - MINNEAPOLIS), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, University of Southampton, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Interactions, transferts, ruptures artistiques et culturels - EA 6301 (InTRu), Université de Tours (UT), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stanford University, Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM (UR 0892)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National University of Singapore (NUS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Science Politique (UP1 UFR11), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), National Diagnostics Centre (NDC), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit (MANCHESTER - Arthritis Research), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Advanced Laboratories on Embedded Systems [Roma] (ALES), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Oxford, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-Chimique (INRAP), University of Connecticut (UCONN), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Tehran, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Sociétés, Acteurs, Gouvernement en Europe (SAGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The George Washington University (GW), Washington State University (WSU), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Div Cyclotron & Radiopharmaceut Sci (DRDO, INMAS), School of Physics and Astronomy [St Andrews], Tata Research Development and Design Center (TRDDC), MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Swedish Defense Research Agency (FOI), Centre de Recherche en Information Biomédicale sino-français (CRIBS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratory of Image Science and Technology [Nanjing] (LIST), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering (CAD Laboratory), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Heuristique et Diagnostic des Systèmes Complexes [Compiègne] (Heudiasyc), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris School of Economics (PSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi sull'Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), Università della Svizzera italiana = University of Italian Switzerland (USI)-Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana = University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland [Manno] (SUPSI), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Département Optique (OPT), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Services répartis, Architectures, MOdélisation, Validation, Administration des Réseaux (SAMOVAR), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), Département Réseaux et Services Multimédia Mobiles (TSP - RS2M), University of Melbourne, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Center for TeleInFrastruktur (CTIF), Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Savoirs, Textes, Langage (STL) - UMR 8163 (STL), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Microsoft Innovation Center (EMIC), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences (LMPG), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Mathematical Modeling (CMM), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Occupational and Environmental Health [Kitakyushu] (UEOH), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yale University [New Haven]-Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Nanoscience Institute (NEST), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Laboratory Of Immune Cell Biology (LICB), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] (LMU), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), National ICT Australia [Sydney] (NICTA), Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques (IHPST), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer Science [KAIST] (CS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Kardiyoloji, Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Unité de recherche Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Science Politique (UP1 UFR11), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (Ariana, Tunisie) (INRAP), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), George Washington University (GW), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), MOLTECH-ANJOU (MOLTECH-ANJOU), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI)-Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana [Manno] (SUPSI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Réseaux et Services Multimédia Mobiles (RS2M), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho [São José do Rio Preto] (UNESP), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), Yale University [New Haven]-Yale University School of Medicine, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Grelier, Elisabeth, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Universidade do Porto, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università della Svizzera italiana = University of Italian Switzerland (USI)-Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana [Manno] (SUPSI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Bretagne-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-CHU Limoges-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wolfson Centre for Age-related Diseases-King‘s College London, Cell biology, Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Erasmus MC other, Pathology, and Cardiothoracic Surgery
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, CHANGING RELATION, Nutrition and Disease, MESH : Life Expectancy, MESH : Aged, ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT, Poison control, MESH: Global Health, Global Health, Socioeconomic Factor, Communicable Disease, MESH : Chronic Disease, Health Transition, Voeding en Ziekte, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, SELF-RATED HEALTH, MESH : Socioeconomic Factors, Medicine, MESH : Female, MESH: Mortality, Premature, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Aged, education.field_of_study, MESH: Middle Aged, Mortality rate, Medicine (all), GBD2013 diseases, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, MESH : Wounds and Injuries, Epidemiological transition, MESH: Quality-Adjusted Life Years, MESH: Communicable Diseases, NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, MESH: Life Expectancy, MESH: Health Transition, Human, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, MESH : Male, MORTALITY TRENDS, Population, MESH : Health Transition, Communicable Diseases, Article, Life Expectancy, EUROPEAN-UNION, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Disability-adjusted life year, Humans, Life Science, MESH : Middle Aged, Mortality, education, Premature, MESH : Mortality, Premature, VLAG, Aged, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Mortality, Premature, MESH: Chronic Disease, MESH : Communicable Diseases, Wounds and Injurie, MESH : Humans, MESH : Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Non-communicable disease, Chronic Disease, Socioeconomic Factors, Wounds and Injuries, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, LOW SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS, Years of potential life lost, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Wounds and Injuries, Life expectancy, RISK-FACTORS, MESH : Global Health, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, Demography
Abstract: Summary Background The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age–sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development. Methods We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time. Findings Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6·2 years (95% UI 5·6–6·6), from 65·3 years (65·0–65·6) in 1990 to 71·5 years (71·0–71·9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5·4 years (4·9–5·8), from 56·9 years (54·5–59·1) to 62·3 years (59·7–64·8), total DALYs fell by 3·6% (0·3–7·4), and age-standardised DALY rates per 100 000 people fell by 26·7% (24·6–29·1). For communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, global DALY numbers, crude rates, and age-standardised rates have all declined between 1990 and 2013, whereas for non–communicable diseases, global DALYs have been increasing, DALY rates have remained nearly constant, and age-standardised DALY rates declined during the same period. From 2005 to 2013, the number of DALYs increased for most specific non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, in addition to dengue, food-borne trematodes, and leishmaniasis; DALYs decreased for nearly all other causes. By 2013, the five leading causes of DALYs were ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, cerebrovascular disease, low back and neck pain, and road injuries. Sociodemographic status explained more than 50% of the variance between countries and over time for diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and other common infectious diseases; maternal disorders; neonatal disorders; nutritional deficiencies; other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; musculoskeletal disorders; and other non-communicable diseases. However, sociodemographic status explained less than 10% of the variance in DALY rates for cardiovascular diseases; chronic respiratory diseases; cirrhosis; diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases; unintentional injuries; and self-harm and interpersonal violence. Predictably, increased sociodemographic status was associated with a shift in burden from YLLs to YLDs, driven by declines in YLLs and increases in YLDs from musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders, and mental and substance use disorders. In most country-specific estimates, the increase in life expectancy was greater than that in HALE. Leading causes of DALYs are highly variable across countries. Interpretation Global health is improving. Population growth and ageing have driven up numbers of DALYs, but crude rates have remained relatively constant, showing that progress in health does not mean fewer demands on health systems. The notion of an epidemiological transition—in which increasing sociodemographic status brings structured change in disease burden—is useful, but there is tremendous variation in burden of disease that is not associated with sociodemographic status. This further underscores the need for country-specific assessments of DALYs and HALE to appropriately inform health policy decisions and attendant actions. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age-sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development. METHODS: We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time. FINDINGS: Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6·2 years (95% UI 5·6-6·6), from 65·3 years (65·0-65·6) in 1990 to 71·5 years (71·0-71·9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5·4 years (4·9-5·8), from 56·9 years (54·5-59·1) to 62·3 years (59·7-64·8), total DALYs fell by 3·6% (0·3-7·4), and age-standardised DALY rates per 100 000 people fell by 26·7% (24·6-29·1). For communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, global DALY numbers, crude rates, and age-standardised rates have all declined between 1990 and 2013, whereas for non-communicable diseases, global DALYs have been increasing, DALY rates have remained nearly constant, and age-standardised DALY rates declined during the same period. From 2005 to 2013, the number of DALYs increased for most specific non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, in addition to dengue, food-borne trematodes, and leishmaniasis; DALYs decreased for nearly all other causes. By 2013, the five leading causes of DALYs were ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, cerebrovascular disease, low back and neck pain, and road injuries. Sociodemographic status explained more than 50% of the variance between countries and over time for diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and other common infectious diseases; maternal disorders; neonatal disorders; nutritional deficiencies; other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; musculoskeletal disorders; and other non-communicable diseases. However, sociodemographic status explained less than 10% of the variance in DALY rates for cardiovascular diseases; chronic respiratory diseases; cirrhosis; diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases; unintentional injuries; and self-harm and interpersonal violence. Predictably, increased sociodemographic status was associated with a shift in burden from YLLs to YLDs, driven by declines in YLLs and increases in YLDs from musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders, and mental and substance use disorders. In most country-specific estimates, the increase in life expectancy was greater than that in HALE. Leading causes of DALYs are highly variable across countries. INTERPRETATION: Global health is improving. Population growth and ageing have driven up numbers of DALYs, but crude rates have remained relatively constant, showing that progress in health does not mean fewer demands on health systems. The notion of an epidemiological transition-in which increasing sociodemographic status brings structured change in disease burden-is useful, but there is tremendous variation in burden of disease that is not associated with sociodemographic status. This further underscores the need for country-specific assessments of DALYs and HALE to appropriately inform health policy decisions and attendant actions. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2015

32. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Haidong, Wang, Mohsen, Naghavi, Christine, Allen, Ryan M, Barber Zulfi, qar A, Bhutta, Austin, Carter, Daniel C, Casey Fiona, J Charlson, Alan Zian, Chen Matthew, M Coates, Megan, Coggeshall, Lalit, Dandona, Daniel J, Dicker Holly, E Erskine, Alize J, Ferrari, Christina, Fitzmaurice, Kyle, Foreman, Mohammad H, Forouzanfar Maya, S Fraser, Nancy, Fullman, Peter W, Gething Ellen, M Goldberg, Nicholas, Graetz, Juanita A, Haagsma Simon, I Hay, Chantal, Huynh, Catherine O, Johnson Nicholas, J Kassebaum, Yohannes, Kinfu, Xie Rachel, Kulikoff, Michael, Kutz, Hmwe H, Kyu Heidi, J Larson, Janni, Leung, Xiaofeng, Liang, Stephen S, Lim, Margaret, Lind, Rafael, Lozano, Neal, Marquez, George A, Mensah, Joe, Mikesell, Ali H, Mokdad Meghan, D Mooney, Grant, Nguyen, Elaine, Nsoesie, David M, Pigott, Christine, Pinho, Gregory A, Roth Joshua, A Salomon, Logan, Sandar, Naris, Silpakit, Amber, Sligar, Reed J, D Sorensen, Jeff rey, Stanaway, Caitlyn, Steiner, Stephanie, Teeple, Bernadette A, Thomas, Christopher, Troeger, Amelia, VanderZanden, Stein Emil, Vollset, Valentine, Wanga, Harvey A, Whiteford, Timothy, Wolock, Leo, Zoeckler, Kalkidan Hassen, Abate, Cristiana, Abbafati, Kaja M, Abbas, Foad, Abd-Allah, Semaw Ferede, Abera Daisy, M X, Abreu Laith, J Abu-Raddad, Gebre Yitayih, Abyu, Tom, Achoki, Ademola Lukman, Adelekan Zanfi, na Ademi, Arsène Kouablan, Adou José, C Adsuar, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afanvi, Ashkan, Afshin, Emilie Elisabet, Agardh, Arnav, Agarwal, Anurag, Agrawal, Aliasghar Ahmad, Kiadaliri Oluremi, N Ajala, Ali Shafqat, Akanda Rufus, Olusola Akinyemi, Tomi F, Akinyemiju, Nadia, Akseer, Faris Hasan, Al Lami, Samer, Alabed, Ziyad, Al-Aly, Khurshid, Alam, Noore K, M Alam, Deena, Alasfoor, Saleh Fahed, Aldhahri Robert, William Aldridge, Miguel Angel, Alegretti Alicia, V Aleman, Zewdie Aderaw, Alemu Lily, T Alexander, Samia, Alhabib, Raghib, Ali, Ala’a, Alkerwi, François, Alla, Peter, Allebeck, Rajaa, Al-Raddadi, Ubai, Alsharif, Khalid A, Altirkawi Elena, Alvarez Martin, Nelson, Alvis-Guzman, Azmeraw T, Amare Adeladza, Kofi Amegah, Emmanuel A, Ameh, Heresh, Amini, Walid, Ammar, Stephen Marc, Amrock Hjalte, H Andersen, Benjamin O, Anderson Gregory, M Anderson, Carl Abelardo, T Antonio, Atsede Fantahun, Aregay, Johan, Ärnlöv, Valentina S, Arsic Arsenijevic, Al, Artaman, Hamid, Asayesh, Rana Jawad, Asghar, Suleman, Atique, Euripide Frinel, G Arthur, Avokpaho, Ashish, Awasthi, Peter, Azzopardi, Umar, Bacha, Alaa, Badawi, Maria C, Bahit, Kalpana, Balakrishnan, Amitava, Banerjee, Aleksandra, Barac, Suzanne L, Barker-Collo, Till, Bärnighausen, Lars, Barregard, Lope H, Barrero, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Basu, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bayou, Shahrzad, Bazargan-Hejazi, Justin, Beardsley, Neeraj, Bedi, Ettore, Beghi, Haileeyesus Adamu, Belay, Brent, Bell, Michelle L, Bell Aminu, K Bello, Derrick A, Bennett Isabela, M Bensenor, Adugnaw, Berhane, Eduardo, Bernabé, Balem Demtsu, Betsu Addisu, Shunu Beyene, Neeraj, Bhala, Ashish, Bhalla, Sibhatu, Biadgilign, Boris, Bikbov, 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Subjects: VITAL-STATISTICS, INTEGRATED APPROACH, ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, UNITED-STATES, Global Health, Communicable Disease, Communicable Diseases, cause of death, Medicine, General & Internal, Life Expectancy, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, Mortality, Medicine(all), Science & Technology, Mortality, Premature, Medicine (all), EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION, GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators, CIVIL REGISTRATION, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Articles, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, VERBAL AUTOPSY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract: Background Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures. Methods We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14 294 geography-year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Findings Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61.7 years (95% uncertainty interval 61.4-61.9) in 1980 to 71.8 years (71.5-72.2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11.3 years (3.7-17.4), to 62.6 years (56.5-70.2). Total deaths increased by 4.1% (2.6-5.6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55.8 million (54.9 million to 56.6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17.0% (15.8-18.1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14.1% (12.6-16.0) to 39.8 million (39.2 million to 40.5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13.1% (11.9-14.3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42.1%, 39.1-44.6), malaria (43.1%, 34.7-51.8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29.8%, 24.8-34.9), and maternal disorders (29.1%, 19.3-37.1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146 000 deaths, 118 000-183 000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393 000 deaths, 228 000-532 000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years of life lost [YLLs]) and how they differ from the level expected on the basis of SDI alone revealed distinct but highly heterogeneous patterns by region and country or territory. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were among the leading causes of YLLs in most regions, but in many cases, intraregional results sharply diverged for ratios of observed and expected YLLs based on SDI. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused the most YLLs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with observed YLLs far exceeding expected YLLs for countries in which malaria or HIV/AIDS remained the leading causes of early death. Interpretation At the global scale, age-specific mortality has steadily improved over the past 35 years; this pattern of general progress continued in the past decade. Progress has been faster in most countries than expected on the basis of development measured by the SDI. Against this background of progress, some countries have seen falls in life expectancy, and age-standardised death rates for some causes are increasing. Despite progress in reducing age-standardised death rates, population growth and ageing mean that the number of deaths from most non-communicable causes are increasing in most countries, putting increased demands on health systems. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2016

33. Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Kiran Thapa, Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa, Azeem Majeed, Hjalte Holm Andersen, Devasahayam J. Christopher, Alireza Mohammadi, John J. McGrath, Konstantin Kazanjan, Naohiro Yonemoto, Guoqing Hu, Yousef Khader, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni, Jennifer O Lam, Laetitia Huiart, Xiaofeng Liang, Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin, Lalit Dandona, Felix Masiye, Joseph R Fitchett, Derrick A Bennett, Rosana E. Norman, Theo Vos, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Rahman Shiri, Melvin Barrientos Marzan, Charles R. Newton, Kelly Cercy, Masoud Vaezghasemi, Elena Alvarez Martin, Christopher Troeger, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Amany H Refaat, Ruben Castro, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Michael R. Phillips, Samath D Dharmaratne, Reed J D Sorensen, Roderick J. Hay, Johan Ärnlöv, Ivo Rakovac, Alexandra Brazinova, Nancy Fullman, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Liliana G Ciobanu, Nader Jahanmehr, Yuming Guo, Luigi Naldi, Rana Jawad Asghar, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Corine Karema, Biju Abraham, Rynaz H S Rabiee, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Philimon Gona, Jonathan I. Silverberg, Alexandria Brown, Kovin Naidoo, Suleman Atique, Yun Jin Kim, Benn Sartorius, Hwashin Hyun Shin, George Mugambage Ruhago, Adugnaw Berhane, Tesfaye Tekle, Abdur Rahman Khan, Vipin Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Héctor Gómez-Dantés, Jun She, Ted R. Miller, Tolesa Bekele, Yohannes Kinfu, Srinivas Murthy, Alaa Badawi, Mahfuzar Rahman, Raghib Ali, Robert G. Weintraub, Nicholas Steel, Khalid A Altirkawi, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Thomas N. Williams, Adrian Davis, Usha Ram, Nobuyuki Horita, Qingyang Xiao, Bishal Gyawali, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Eun-Kee Park, Subas Neupane, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Lorenzo Monasta, Roman Topor-Madry, Marc-Alain Widdowson, James Leigh, Padukudru Anand Mahesh, Stephen M. Amrock, Stefan Ma, Virendra Singh, Amir Kasaeian, Mahdi Mahdavi, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Julio Cesar Campuzano, Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño, Jean B. Nachega, Hamid Asayesh, Pratik Pinal Doshi, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Peter J. Hotez, Ying Jiang, Girma Temam Shifa, Warren D. Lo, Francis Apolinary Mhimbira, Joan B. Soriano, Ritul Kamal, Young-Ho Khang, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Daniel C Casey, Adeladza Kofi Amegah, Demewoz Haile, Tomi Akinyemiju, Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Rajeev Gupta, Rosario Cárdenas, Peter W. Gething, Ami R. Moore, Marie Ng, Maigeng Zhou, Ferrán Catalá-López, Anders Larsson, Ratilal Lalloo, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Bach Xuan Tran, Chigozie Jesse Uneke, Marina Shakh-Nazarova, Jamie Hancock, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Jasvinder A. Singh, Isabela M. Benseñor, Shafiu Mohammed, Rajiv Chowdhury, Hedyeh Ebrahimi, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Belinda K Lloyd, Samir Bhatt, Geoffrey Buckle, Tissa Wijeratne, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Robert W Aldridge, Luca Ronfani, Raj Kumar Verma, Jagdish Khubchandani, Irma Khonelidze, Ai Koyanagi, Teshome Gebre, Michael Kutz, Om Prakash Singh, Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos, Margaret Lind, Svetlana Popova, Hmwe H Kyu, Tom Achoki, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Zacharie Tsala Dimbuene, Henock Yebyo, Mehdi Yaseri, Max Petzold, Sungho Won, Semaw Ferede Abera, Devina Nand, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Abdishakur M. Abdulle, Yingfeng Zheng, Soewarta Kosen, Aleksandra Barac, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Yuichiro Yano, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Simon I. Hay, Luke D. 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Subjects: Pediatrics, Nutrition and Disease, Global Health, Communicable Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Voeding en Ziekte, Infant Mortality, Compensation law of mortality, Global health, Medicine, LIFE EXPECTANCY, 030212 general & internal medicine, DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES, 10. No inequality, Medicine(all), NEWBORN BABIES, Medicine (all), Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, DEATH, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Stillbirth, 3. Good health, Child Mortality, SURVIVAL, CHILD-MORTALITY, HEALTH, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, DEVELOPMENT GOAL 4, Human, INTERVENTIONS, medicine.medical_specialty, RJ, INTEGRATED APPROACH, Developing country, Communicable Diseases, neonatal, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, 030225 pediatrics, General & Internal Medicine, Life Science, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, VLAG, Estimation, Science & Technology, business.industry, Klinisk medicin, Infant, GBD 2015 Child Mortality Collaborators, Infant mortality, Malaria, Child mortality, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Life expectancy, Clinical Medicine, RG, business, Demography
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Established in 2000, Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG4) catalysed extraordinary political, financial, and social commitments to reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. At the country level, the pace of progress in improving child survival has varied markedly, highlighting a crucial need to further examine potential drivers of accelerated or slowed decreases in child mortality. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides an analytical framework to comprehensively assess these trends for under-5 mortality, age-specific and cause-specific mortality among children under 5 years, and stillbirths by geography over time. METHODS: Drawing from analytical approaches developed and refined in previous iterations of the GBD study, we generated updated estimates of child mortality by age group (neonatal, post-neonatal, ages 1-4 years, and under 5) for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational geographies, from 1980-2015. We also estimated numbers and rates of stillbirths for these geographies and years. Gaussian process regression with data source adjustments for sampling and non-sampling bias was applied to synthesise input data for under-5 mortality for each geography. Age-specific mortality estimates were generated through a two-stage age-sex splitting process, and stillbirth estimates were produced with a mixed-effects model, which accounted for variable stillbirth definitions and data source-specific biases. For GBD 2015, we did a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in child mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and annualised rates of decrease for under-5 mortality and stillbirths as they related to the Soci-demographic Index (SDI). Second, we examined the ratio of recorded and expected levels of child mortality, on the basis of SDI, across geographies, as well as differences in recorded and expected annualised rates of change for under-5 mortality. Third, we analysed levels and cause compositions of under-5 mortality, across time and geographies, as they related to rising SDI. Finally, we decomposed the changes in under-5 mortality to changes in SDI at the global level, as well as changes in leading causes of under-5 deaths for countries and territories. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 child mortality estimation process, as well as data sources, in accordance with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). FINDINGS: Globally, 5·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 5·7-6·0) children younger than 5 years died in 2015, representing a 52·0% (95% UI 50·7-53·3) decrease in the number of under-5 deaths since 1990. Neonatal deaths and stillbirths fell at a slower pace since 1990, decreasing by 42·4% (41·3-43·6) to 2·6 million (2·6-2·7) neonatal deaths and 47·0% (35·1-57·0) to 2·1 million (1·8-2·5) stillbirths in 2015. Between 1990 and 2015, global under-5 mortality decreased at an annualised rate of decrease of 3·0% (2·6-3·3), falling short of the 4·4% annualised rate of decrease required to achieve MDG4. During this time, 58 countries met or exceeded the pace of progress required to meet MDG4. Between 2000, the year MDG4 was formally enacted, and 2015, 28 additional countries that did not achieve the 4·4% rate of decrease from 1990 met the MDG4 pace of decrease. However, absolute levels of under-5 mortality remained high in many countries, with 11 countries still recording rates exceeding 100 per 1000 livebirths in 2015. Marked decreases in under-5 deaths due to a number of communicable diseases, including lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, measles, and malaria, accounted for much of the progress in lowering overall under-5 mortality in low-income countries. Compared with gains achieved for infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies, the persisting toll of neonatal conditions and congenital anomalies on child survival became evident, especially in low-income and low-middle-income countries. We found sizeable heterogeneities in comparing observed and expected rates of under-5 mortality, as well as differences in observed and expected rates of change for under-5 mortality. At the global level, we recorded a divergence in observed and expected levels of under-5 mortality starting in 2000, with the observed trend falling much faster than what was expected based on SDI through 2015. Between 2000 and 2015, the world recorded 10·3 million fewer under-5 deaths than expected on the basis of improving SDI alone. INTERPRETATION: Gains in child survival have been large, widespread, and in many places in the world, faster than what was anticipated based on improving levels of development. Yet some countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, still had high rates of under-5 mortality in 2015. Unless these countries are able to accelerate reductions in child deaths at an extraordinary pace, their achievement of proposed SDG targets is unlikely. Improving the evidence base on drivers that might hasten the pace of progress for child survival, ranging from cost-effective intervention packages to innovative financing mechanisms, is vital to charting the pathways for ultimately ending preventable child deaths by 2030. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Erratum: Department of Error, The Lancet,Volume 389, Issue 10064, 2017, Page e1. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32608-3
Published: 2016

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33 results on '"Hancock, Jamie"'

1. A Case Study of Spreadsheet Use within the Finance and Academic Registry units within a Higher Education Institution

2. Trouble at Sea: Data and digital technology challenges for maritime human rights concerns

3. The tensions of data sharing for human rights: A modern slavery case study

4. Seeing Human Rights at Sea: How to Align Tech Development with the Needs of Maritime Human Rights Investigators and Affected Communities

5. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

6. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

7. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

8. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

9. Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

10. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

11. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990–2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition

12. The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

13. The stage is set: [What do employers really think about SuperStream?]

14. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

15. The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

16. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

17. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015

18. Mortality from tetanus between 1990 and 2015: findings from the global burden of disease study 2015

19. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

20. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015

21. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

22. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013:quantifying the epidemiological transition

23. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-years for 32 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

24. Policing the ‘Drugs Intervention Programme’ (DIP): An Exploratory Study of the Southern UK Policing Region.

25. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

26. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

27. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

28. Mortality from tetanus between 1990 and 2015: findings from the global burden of disease study 2015

29. Janácek's From the House of the Dead - Royal Opera House.

30. Reader Portfolio.

31. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013

32. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

33. Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

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