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The ultrafast solution combustion synthesis of heterogeneous interface is developed to boost anodic organic upgrading reaction, which exhibits remarkable current density and faradaic efficiency benefiting from the strong electronic interaction.

Ni-containing heteropolyvanadate, Na

MnVOH@SWCNTs shows a high capacity up to 381 mA h g−1 over 300 cycles. Operando XANES confirms the change in oxidation states and operando XRD shows the reversible change in the crystal structure during the cycling process.

The construction of strong interactions and synergistic effects between small metal clusters and supports offers a great opportunity to achieve high-performance and cost-effective heterogeneous catalysis, however, studies on its applications in electrocatalysis are still insufficient. Herein, it is reported that W

Coal tar pitch, the residue generated from distillation of coal tar, is cheap, abundant, and carbon enriched. This paper evaluates the effects of the surface modification of coal-tar pitch-derived nanoporous carbons (NPCs) as anode materials on the performance of Escherichia coli (E. coli)-based microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for the first time. The coal-tar pitch precursors are heated under N2 to 450 °C (450O) and 750 °C (750X) to obtain NPCs with different concentrations of oxygen-containing functional groups. 750X is, thereafter, doped with nitrogen atoms to generate a nitrogen-doped NPCs (750N). More biofilm is formed on the 750N anode than the 750X or 450O anode because of the higher electrical conductivity and biocompatibility of 750N. As a result, a higher power output of MFC is obtained when the 750N anode is used. The maximum power density of 750N is 3772 mW m−2, while that of 750X and 450O are 2876 mW m−2 and 3562 mW m−2, respectively, demonstrating that 750N is a potential sustainable anode material for high-performance MFC applications.

Metal hydroxides and oxides have emerged as fascinating materials and key structures for electrocatalysis however, they have rarely been investigated for the HER. Herein, we introduce unique transition-metal hydroxides@MXene (TMHs@MXene) hybrids, including Co(OH)2@MXene, Ni(OH)2@MXene, and FeOOH@MXene, with well-defined components and hierarchical sheet-like architectures for the alkaline HER. By virtue of their novel structure and the strong interfacial interactions between transition-metal hydroxides (TMHs) and MXene nanosheets, the obtained nanohybrids not only provide sufficient active sites and a robust structure, but also ensure favourable electrochemical kinetics and superior catalytic activity. Significantly, both theoretical calculations and the electrochemical test prove that the interfacial electronic coupling between the two different components could optimize the adsorption energy of water and hydrogen, thereby resulting in Pt-like catalytic activity including a low Tafel slope (31.7 mV dec−1), a small overpotential (21.0 mV@10 mA cm−2), and excellent stability for Co(OH)2@MXene. As expected, an alkaline water electrolyzer was built using Co(OH)2@MXene as the cathode for overall water splitting, which achieves a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.46 V with outstanding stability over 100 h. Our discovery highlights the great potential of interfacial electronic coupling to optimize advanced electrocatalysts for application in energy-related fields.

Understanding the structure-activity relationship between the coordination geometry of metal sites and electron structure is a crucial pathway to analyze the activity origin of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution (OER). Herein, we report a conceptual advance, which presents the correlation between coordination geometry distortion of active sites and effect of oxygen atom mediated electron interactions on OER. Ni2+ ions are introduced into FeWO4 on Ni foam via self-substitution to form Fe–O–Ni unity and manipulate the coordination geometry as well as d-electron of the Fe sites. Structural regulation optimizes the adsorption energy of OER intermediates on the Fe sites. Fe0.53Ni0.47WO4/NF with the optimized coordination geometry can achieve an ultra-low overpotential of 203 mV@100 mA cm− 2 and 240 mV@1000 mA cm− 2 with robust stability for 500 hours in alkaline conditions. The research develops novel electrocatalysts with impressive OER performance and provides new insights into the design of highly active catalytic systems.

Polyoxometalates (POMs) have emerged as potential anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their ability to transfer multiple electrons. Although POM anode materials exhibit notable results in LIBs, their energy-storage mechanisms have not been well-investigated. Here, we utilize various in operando and ex situ techniques to verify the charge-storage mechanisms of a Keplerate-type POM Na2K23{[(MoVI)MoVI5O21(H2O)3(KSO4)]12 [(VIVO)30(H2O)20(SO4)0.5]}·ca200H2O ({Mo72V30}) anode in LIBs. The {Mo72V30} anode provides a high reversible capacity of up to ∼1300 mA h g-1 without capacity fading for up to 100 cycles. The lithium-ion storage mechanism was studied systematically through in operando synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure, ex situ X-ray diffraction, ex situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure, ex situ transmission electron microscopy, in operando synchrotron transmission X-ray microscopy, and in operando Raman spectroscopy. Based on the abovementioned results, we propose that the open hollow-ball structure of the {Mo72V30} molecular cluster serves as an electron/ion sponge that can store a large number of lithium ions and electrons reversibly via multiple and reversible redox reactions (Mo6+ ↔ Mo1+ and V5+/V4+↔ V1+) with fast lithium diffusion kinetics (DLi+: 10-9-10-10 cm2 s-1). No obvious volumetric expansion of the microsized {Mo72V30} particle is observed during the lithiation/delithiation process, which leads to high cycling stability. This study provides comprehensive analytical methods for understanding the lithium-ion storage mechanism of such complicated POMs, which is important for further studies of POM electrodes in energy-storage applications.

Here, we evaluate the suitability of natural biowaste-derived carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). Specifically, we utilize eco-friendly, renewable, low-cost coffee grounds (CGs) as precu...

A redox-active vanadium-based polyoxometalate, V10O28, was post-synthetically immobilized into a water-stable zirconium-based metal-organic framework, NU-902. The adsorbed V10O28 in NU-902 renders charge hopping in the framework in aqueous electrolytes, and the obtained V10O28@NU-902 can be used as a heterogeneous electrocatalyst for electrochemical dopamine sensors.

A novel core–shell structured multiwall carbon nanotube–graphene oxide nanoribbon (MWCNT@GONR) and a nitrogen-doped MWCNT@GONR (N-MWCNT@GONR) were synthesized through a microwave energy-assisted unzipping process and utilized as anodes for Escherichia coli-based microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for the first time. To evaluate the electrochemical performance of the MFCs, we measured the electrochemical activity and charge transfer in MFCs with MWCNT, N-MWCNT@GONR, and MWCNT@GONR anodes. Compared to the MFC with the MWCNT anode (970 mW m−2), the MFCs with the N-MWCNT@GONR and MWCNT@GONR anodes exhibit higher power densities of up to 3444 and 3291 mW m−2, respectively. Both the oxygen and nitrogen functional groups on the MWCNT@GONR and N-MWCNT@GONR contribute to good biocompatibility, which greatly enhances the charge transfer efficiency and biofilm formation on the anode surface. Our results suggest that MWCNT@GONR and N-MWCNT@GONR are outstanding and promising anode materials for MFCs.

Li-ion batteries (LIBs), with high energy densities, have been explored in recent years. Polyoxometalates (POMs) have been proposed as promising anodes, with high capacity. Herein, we report a Keplerate-type POM [{Mo6O19}⊂{Mo72Fe30O254 (CH3COO)12(H2O)96}]·150H2O ({Mo72Fe30}) nanoparticle as a high energy anode material for LIBs for the first time. Employing synchrotron radiation X-rays, we conducted in operando and ex situ measurements to investigate the charge storage mechanisms of {Mo72Fe30}. The in operando X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) reveals that a single {Mo72Fe30} molecule can store 377 electrons. The {Mo72Fe30} anode exhibits a high capacity of ∼1250 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1, with 92% capacity retention after 100 cycles, and it also demonstrates an excellent rate performance (868 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1). Li-ions can react with {Mo72Fe30} through surface-capacitive reactions and diffusion processes, and the Li-ion diffusion coefficient of {Mo72Fe30} is up to 10−10 cm2 s−1, resulting in high rate performance. Furthermore, a full-cell utilizing {Mo72Fe30} as an anode and LiFePO4 as a cathode was assembled, and it delivered a high energy density of 258 W h kg−1, which successfully demonstrates that {Mo72Fe30} is a promising anode material for LIB applications.

A Gram-positive-staining, strictly aerobic, motile, ellipsoidal endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated CHY01

BackgroundEarly childhood fall is a pressing global public health problem and one of the leading causes of child injury. China has a high proportion of children and a high burden of illness from falls. Therefore, educational interventions to prevent childhood fall would be beneficial.MethodsWe used the outcome of knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire, which was conducted by Pudong New District of Shanghai Municipal Government, to summarize demographic and baseline characteristics grouped by intervention or not, and analyzed descriptive statistics of continuous and categorical variables. A logistic stepwise function model was established to study the influence of different covariables on the degree of injury, and AIC/BIC/AICC was used to select the optimal model. Finally, we carried out single-factor analysis and established a multifactor model by the stepwise function method.ResultsAttitude and actual behavior scores had significant differences. The intervention and control groups had 20.79 ± 3.20 and 20.39 ± 2.89 attitude scores, respectively. Compared to the control group (5.97 ± 1.32), the intervention group had higher actual behavior scores (5.75 ± 1.50). In the univariate analysis results, fathers' education level, mothers' education level, actual behavior and what cares for children had a significant influence on whether children got injured. In multivariate analysis, attitude had a positive influence on whether injured [odds ratio: 1.13 (1.05–1.21), P < 0.001].ConclusionEducational intervention for children and their guardians can effectively reduce the risk of childhood falls, and changes in behavior and attitude are the result of educational influence. Education of childhood fall prevention can be used as a public health intervention to improve children's health.

The plant microbial fuel cell (PMFC) is a novel technology that can be used to convert solar energy into electrical energy using microbes in the rhizosphere of plants. However, low power density is one of the major obstacles to the development of PMFCs. In this study, we show that the Trapa natans husk-derived carbon (TNH-GBG) is a potential sustainable electrode material for the Canna indica-based PMFCs. The results of the polarization curve measurements showed that the maximum power density of the PMFC utilizing the TNH-GBG-coated graphite felt as the electrodes could reach 55 mW m−2. This was considerably higher than that of the PMFC with pure graphite felt electrodes (22 mW m−2). The enhanced power density of the TNH-GBG was attributed to its high surface area and high content of oxygen-containing groups on the surface of carbon, which enhanced the hydrophilicity and possibly enhanced the microbial attachment, thereby reducing the activation polarization. Furthermore, when the PMFC (with TNH-GBG-coated graphite felt electrodes) was connected to an external load (1000 Ω), a power density of 20 mW m−2 was maintained for over 10 days, which is also higher than that of the PMFC with the graphite felt electrodes. The PMFC with the TNH-GBG-coated graphite felt electrodes shows a similar performance with the one with commercial activated carbon-coated graphite felt electrodes. However, the price of the TNH-GBG is only one-fifth of the commercially activated carbon. Furthermore, the TNH-based PMFC-supercapacitor system was assembled, and it demonstrated that TNH is a potential low-cost electrode material for sustainable power generation-energy storage applications.

A Gram-reaction-negative, peach-brown-pigmented, slightly curved-rod-shaped, aerobic, non-motile bacterium, designated GSA243-2T, was isolated from fresh water samples collected from the Chishui River flowing through Maotai, Guizhou, south-west PR China. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic traits were investigated. Results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Rhodoferax . The closest phylogenetic relative was Rhodoferax saidenbachensis ATCC BAA-1852T (98.35 %). The major fatty acids were C16: 0 and C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-8 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 3.67 Mbp and a G+C content of 61.17 mol%. Pairwise-determined whole genome average nucleotide identity values and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values suggested that strain GSA243-2T represents a new species, for which we propose the name Rhodoferax bucti sp. nov. with the type strain GSA243-2T (=CGMCC 1.16288T=KCTC 62564T).

Architected materials that actively respond to external stimuli hold tantalizing prospects for applications in energy storage, harvesting, wearable electronics and bioengineering. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) which represent the three-atom-thick, two-dimensional (2D) building blocks, are excellent candidates but have found limited success compared to metallic, inorganic, and organic counterparts due to the lack of up-scalable manufacturing. Here we report the high-throughput printing of 2D TMDs into wafer-scale 3D architectures with structural hierarchy across seven orders of magnitude between critical feature sizes. Anode made of 3D MoS2 architectures comprises the concentric vortex-like intricacy that unites technological merits from architecture, mechanical engineering, and electrochemistry not found in its bulk or exfoliated/epitaxy counterparts. The result is, contrary to expectation, the high-rate, high-capacity, and high-loading lithium (Li)-storage, surpassing those state-of-the-art anode designs while the technique offers an evaporation-like simplicity for industrial scalability.

Designing definite metal-support interfacial bond is an effective strategy for optimizing the intrinsic activity of noble metals, but rather challenging. Herein, a series of quantum-sized metal nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on nickel metal-organic framework nanohybrids (M@Ni-MOF, M=Ru, Ir, Pd) are rationally developed through a spontaneous redox strategy. The metal-oxygen bonds between the NPs and Ni-MOF guarantee structural stability and sufficient exposure of the surface active sites. More importantly, such precise interfacial feature can effectively modulate the electronic structure of hybrids through the charge transfer of the formed Ni-O-M bridge and then improves the reaction kinetics. As a result, the representative Ru@Ni-MOF exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity at all pH values, even superior to commercial Pt/C and recent noble-metal catalysts. Theoretical calculations deepen the mechanism understanding of the superior HER performance of Ru@Ni-MOF through the optimized adsorption free energies of water and hydrogen due to the interfacial-bond-induced electron redistribution.

ZnFe 2 O 4 and M x Zn 1-x Fe 2 O 4 (M = Sn, Mg) nanorods are synthesized by a facile co-precipitation method followed by thermal treatment of metal-organic frameworks in air to form mesoporous structure. Temperatures of thermal treatment affects the porous structure of the materials and influences charge/discharge process of ZnFe 2 O 4 . From the electrochemical performance, we find that doping Sn which is electrochemically active would raise the voltage plateau corresponding to the reaction peaks of the doping elements, and Sn 0.05 Zn 0.95 Fe 2 O 4 exhibits the highest capacity of 1318 mA h g −1 after 50 cycles at 0.1 C. In contrast, doping Mg which is electrochemically inactive would inhibit volume change and stabilize structure during lithiation-delithiation. Mg 0.9 Zn 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 shows an excellent reversible capacity of 811 mA h g −1 with a capacity retention of 82% after 250 cycles at 1 C, while the pristine ZnFe 2 O 4 only remains 382 mA h g −1 with a capacity retention of 32%.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a sustainable technology that can produce electrons using microbes. However, low power density and high cost are the two major issues that hamper the development of MFC...

Stimulated by both the rich electrochemical properties and unique structural merits, much attention is directed to construct novel cobalt sulfides nanoarchitectures for energy storage devices. Here, carbon-coated cobalt sulfide nanostructures are fabricated with the assistance of polyvinylpyrrolidone during hydrothermal process. The morphology of carbon-coated cobalt sulfide can evolve from well-defined uniform nanooctahedrons, nanoflowers to nanospheres by simply controlling the polyvinylpyrrolidone amount. Remarkably, the unique carbon-coated cobalt sulfide configuration takes full advantage of the synergistic contributions from both the homogeneous incorporated carbon layer and the ideal hierarchical flowerlike structures, thereby making it to be a suitable electrode for supercapacitors. By virtue of the intriguing structural features of carbon-coated cobalt sulfide, a solid asymmetric supercapacitor based on carbon-coated cobalt sulfide nanoflowers as the positive electrode and active carbon as the negative electrode achieves remarkable cycling stability (around 86% capacitance retention even up to 10,000 times), and outstanding energy density of 40 Wh kg−1 at power density of 850 W kg−1. The exceptionably electrochemical performance of the asymmetric supercapacitor is related to the enhanced electrical conductivity and increased electrode/electrolyte contact area of carbon-coated cobalt sulfide. Thus, the as-prepared carbon-coated cobalt sulfide nanoflowers is demonstrated to be a promising electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors.