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With three representative types of gynecological diseases (dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, polycystic ovary syndrome) as examples, the application methods of meridian and acupoint diagnosis for gynecological diseases treated with acupuncture and moxibustion are discussed. During clinical diagnosis and treatment, it is recommended to examine the patient's leg segment along the three yin meridians of foot, aiming to explore the positive reactions of the meridians and acupoints (color, shape, skin temperature, sensory abnormalities, etc.). Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment at this positive reaction place can improve the clinical efficacy. Meridian and acupoint diagnosis could provide basis for meridian syndrome differentiation, thus guiding the selection of acupoint prescriptions; it is also helpful to clarify the deficiency, excess, cold and heat of the disease nature, thus guiding the selection of acupuncture and moxibustion methods. In addition, it is an auxiliary method to estimate the prognosis and outcome of the disease.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for prevention of moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis., Methods: A total of 105 patients with moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis were randomly divided into an observation group (53 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (52 cases, 4 cases dropped off). The patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture at Yintang (GV 24 + ), Yingxiang (LI 20), Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Fengchi (GB 20), Feishu (BL 13), etc. 4 weeks before the seizure period, once every other day, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The patients in the control group were not given any intervention before the seizure period. Emergency drugs can be given appropriately during the seizure period in both groups. After seizure period, the seizure rate was recorded in the two groups; before treatment and on week 1, 2, 4, 6 of seizure period after treatment, the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) score and total nasal symptom score (TNSS) were observed in the two groups; the rescue medication score (RMS) was recorded on week 1-6 of seizure period in the two groups., Results: The seizure rate of the observation group was 84.0% (42/50), which was lower than 100.0% (48/48) in the control group ( P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of RQLQ and TNSS at each time point of seizure period were decreased compared with before treatment in the observation group ( P <0.01), which were lower than the control group ( P <0.01). The RMS score at each time point of seizure period in the observation group was lower than the control group ( P <0.05, P <0.01)., Conclusion: Acupuncture can reduce the incidence of moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis, relieve the symptoms, improve the quality of life and reduce the use of emergency drugs.

Objective: To explore the pathogenesis of erythrocytosis by detecting the key enzymes of glucose metabolism and glucose transporter in bone marrow erythrocytes of chronic mountain sickness (CMS), and analyzing its correlation with hemoglobin., Methods: Twenty CMS patients hospitalized in Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as CMS group. Twenty males with leukocyte count > 3.5×10 9 /L who had accepted bone marrow aspiration and had normal result were taken as control group. The mRNA and protein expression of key enzymes and glucose transporter in glucose metabolism in bone marrow CD71 + erythrocytes were detected by real time qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Glucose, lactic acid and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the bone marrow supernatant and serum were tested by ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression of key enzymes and glucose transporter, glucose, lactic acid and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate of the two groups were compared. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between key enzymes, glucose transporter in glucose metabolism in bone marrow CD71 + erythrocytes and hemoglobin., Results: The expression of HK2 , GLUT1 and GLUT2 mRNA in the CMS group were higher than those in the control group ( P <0.001), while the expression of HK1 , OGDH and COX5B mRNA were not different. The expression of HK2, GLUT1 and GLUT2 protein in the CMS group were higher than those in the control group ( P <0.05). The levels of glucose and lactic acid in the bone marrow supernatant and serum in the CMS group were not different from those in the control group, while the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was higher ( P <0.001). Both HK2 and GLUT2 proteins were positively correlated with hemoglobin ( r =0.511, 0.717)., Conclusion: CMS patients may increase glycolysis by increasing the expression of HK2, and promote the utilization of glucose through high expression of GLUT1 and GLUT2 to meet the need of energy supply.

Under the changing climate scenario, changes in precipitation regimes are expected to alter soil water and salinity conditions, with consequences on the characteristics of plant community in estuarine wetland. Here, we used a six-year (2015-2020) precipitation manipulation experiment to examine how plant community characteristics responded to precipitation changes in the Yellow River Delta. The results showed that soil electrical conductivity significantly decreased, while soil moisture significantly increased with increasing precipitation. Precipitation changes altered plant community composition. Increased precipitation reduced the absolute dominance of Suaeda glauca and Suaeda salsa , but increased that of Triarrhena sacchariflora and Imperata cylindrica . Shannon index and Margalef richness index of plant community significantly increased with increasing precipitation. Compared with the control, both decreased and increased precipitation decreased the plant community abundance, frequency and coverage. The treatment of 60% increased precipitation significantly decreased plant community frequency by 54.9%, while the 60% decreased precipitation, 40% decreased precipitation, 40% increased precipitation and 60% increased precipitation treatment significantly decreased plant abundance by 38.9%, 33.8%, 35.8% and 45.7%, respectively. The aboveground biomass significantly increased with increasing precipitation, but aboveground plant biomass under 60% increased precipitation treatment being lower than that reducing under 40% increased precipitation treatment, probably due to the negative effects of flooding stress. In addition, Margalef richness index had a significantly positive relationship with aboveground biomass. Aboveground biomass, Shannon diversity index, Margalef richness index, and Simpson diversity index were negatively related to soil electrical conductivity, and aboveground plant biomass was positively related to soil moisture. Our results revealed that precipitation changes regulate growth characteristics, species composition, and diversity of plant community by altering soil water and salinity conditions in a coastal wetland.

We examined the effects of channel diversion of Yellow River on the content and stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the organs of reeds (stem, leaf, rhizome and fibrous root) and soils in three typical Phragmites australis communities in the Yellow River Delta, including P. australis community in the former Yellow River course abandoned in 1996, P. australis community on the new Yellow River course and the P. australis communities on the intertidal area (far from the abandoned and current channel but affected by the tides). The results showed that foliar C, N and P contents of P. australis were highest in the communities of abandoned Yellow River course. Leaf N, stem C and rhizome P contents were highest in the communities of new Yellow River course. Leaf N and stem C and P contents were highest in the communities of intertidal area. The average leaf C (409.48 g·kg -1 ) and P (1.09 g·kg -1 ) contents in the three habitats were lower than national and global average levels, while leaf N content (21.71 g·kg -1 ) was higher than that of national and global average levels. The mean leaf N:P (20.22) was higher than 16 and the mean soil N:P (0.87) was lower than 14, indicating that the P. australis growth in the three habitats was limited by P. Correlation analysis showed that EC was one of the main factors affecting C:N:P stoichiometry in P. australis . In general, the C and P reserves in P. australis in the study area were low, and N reserve was high. The soil organic carbon content was low, the soil C reserves were large, while the N and P were relatively scarce.

Studying the effects of rainfall regimes such as rainfall amount and timing on soil carbon mineralization is of great importance for our understanding the mechanisms underlying the stability and accumulation of soil carbon in coastal salt marshes. In this study, we examined the responses of soil carbon mineralization (CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes) from undisturbed soil columns to rainfall events in different seasons (dry and wet seasons) with filed experiments in a primary Suaeda salsa region in the Yellow River Delta salt-marsh wetland, which is far away from the coast and not affected by tides. The results showed that rainfall amount and timing had a significant interaction in affecting soil CO 2 flux rates. During the dry season, large rainfall events significantly reduced soil CO 2 flux rates but had no significant effect in the wet season, which might be closely related to the significant increase in soil water content and salinity. Rainfall amount, rainfall timing and their interactions had no significant effect on soil CH 4 efflux rates. Rainfall timing and rainfall amount did not affect CH 4 /CO 2 . CH 4 /CO 2 increased with increasing soil water content and salinity. Soil water content and soil salinity showed similar increases to increasing rainfall amount. Our results suggested that the changing rainfall regime under climate change in the future would have a great impact on soil carbon mineralization and carbon sink function by regulating soil water and salt migration in this region.

Clonal integration, i.e., resource sharing within clones, enables clonal plants to maintain biomass production when ramets (asexual individuals) under stress are connected to those not under stress. Oil pollution can strongly reduce biomass production, and connected ramets within clones may experience different levels of oil pollution. Therefore, clonal integration may help plants maintain biomass production despite oil pollution. Because biomass production is often negatively correlated with greenhouse gas emissions, we hypothesized that oil pollution would increase greenhouse gas emissions and that clonal integration would reduce such an effect. We tested these hypotheses in a coastal wetland dominated by the rhizomatous grass Phragmites australis near a major site of oil production in the Yellow River Delta in China. We applied 0, 5, or 10 mm crude oil per year for two years in plots within stands of P. australis and tested effects of severing rhizomes connecting ramets inside and outside a plot (i.e. preventing clonal integration) on biomass production, soil chemistry and greenhouse gas emissions. When severed, ramets inside plots with no added oil produced about 220 g aboveground biomass m - -2 over the second growing season, and plots absorbed about 500 g total CO 2 equivalents m -2 . Adding 10 mm oil per year reduced aboveground biomass by about 30%, and caused plots to emit about 800 g CO 2 equivalents m -2 . Leaving ramets connected to those outside plots eliminated the negative effects of oil pollution on biomass production, and caused plots given 10 mm oil per year to emit about 50% fewer total CO 2 equivalents. We conclude that oil pollution can increase greenhouse gas emissions and clonal integration can reduce the effect of oil pollution on biomass production and greenhouse gas emissions. Our study provides the first experimental evidence that clonal integration in plants can reduce greenhouse gas emissions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The effects of root abscisic acid (ABA) signal on Na + transport and photosystem 2 (PS2) in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) under salt stress (150 mmol·L -1 NaCl) were examined by applying ABA synthesis inhibitor sodium tungstate to roots. Sodium tungstate inhibited ABA synthesis in roots, reduced root Na + efflux, and increased the efficiency of Na + transport from roots to leaves under salt stress. Salt stress increased leaf Na + content and did not affect leaf membrane lipid peroxidation, PS2 reaction center protein and PS2 maximum photochemical efficiency (F v /F m ). The inhibition on root ABA synthesis significantly increased leaf Na + accumulation, aggravated leaf membrane lipid peroxidation, impaired PS2 reaction center protein, decreased F v /F m , and induced PS2 photoinhibition. In conclusion, root ABA signal was beneficial to reducing leaf Na + accumulation and preventing PS2 oxidative damage by inducing root Na + efflux and inhibiting Na + transport to the aerial part in H. tuberosus under salt stress.

Investigating the composition of food sources with stable isotope method can provide direct evidence for the top-down control in the coastal wetland. In this study, we examined food source and feeding habit of Helice tientsinensis of common reed (Phragmites australis) vegetation in high marsh of Yellow River Delta. The results showed that the density of crab was (5.5±1.5) ind·m -2 , with the behavior of climbing P. australis to feed on the leaves at night. Under the same indoor experimental condition, H. tientsinensis showed feeding preference on fresh leaves of P. aus-tralis. The stable isotope food source analysis showed that the leaves of P. australis were one of the important food sources of H. tientsinensis in the field. There were temporal variations in the proportion of fresh leaves [May: (6.4±4.9)%, July: (5.8±4.9)%, September: (12.5±8.8)%] and dead leaves [May: (12.4±7.8)%, July: (15.5±9.9)%, September: (15.1±9.4)%]. Therefore, H. tientsinensis could inhibit P. australis's growth and affect litter decomposition through feeding disturbance behavior.

Objective: To explore the mechanisms of angiogenesis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) through detecting the levels of angiogenesis-related factors secreted from K562 cells after overexpression and interference of HIF-1α gene in K562 cells., Methods: The K562 cells were transfected by lentiviruses carried and interfered HIF-1α gene, then the transtected K562 cells with carried and interfered with HIF-1α gene were enrolled in overexpression and interference groups respectively, at the same time the K562 cells transfected by the empty virus were enrolled in control group. The cells were harvested after culture for 72 hours under normoxid condition. The transfection efficient in 3 groups was detected by fluorescence microscopy; the mRNA expression of HIF-1α gene and angiogenesis-related factors was detected by RT-PCR; the concentration of angiogenesis-related factors in the caltured supernatant was detected by ELISA., Results: The optimal MOI of K562 cells transfected with lentivirus was 10 and the transfection efficiency was about 50%. The positive rate of transfection after screening by puromycin was more than 90%. The mRNA expression of ANG-I, ANG-II, TGF-α and VEGF in the interference group was lower than that in the over-expression group, and the TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the interference group was higher than in the over-expression group. The mRNA expression of ANG-I and VEGF in the interference group was lower than that in the control group. TGF-αdid not could be detected, and the culture supernatant concentration of ANG-I and TNF-α in the interference group was lower than in the over-expression group, while the VEGF concentration in the interference group was higher than that in the over-expression group. All of the above-mentioned differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05)., Conclusion: The positive K562 cells transfected with leutivirus have been harvested by screening with puromycin. The HIF-1α mRNA positively regulates the mRNA expression of ANG-1, ANG-2, TGF-α, VEGF in K562 cells, promotes the antocrine ability of ANG-1 and TNF-α, moreover not stimulates the autocrine of TGF-α, the up-regulation of HIF-1α expression can inhibit the expression TGF-β1 in K562 cells and the autocrine of TGF-β1.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of bone marrow microvessel density(MVD) and angiogenesis related factors in multipic myeloma(MM)., Methods: Twenty cases of MM and 20 cases of simple fracture were selected and enrolled in MM group and control group respectively. The clinical data and results of laboratorial tests were collected; the bone marrow MVD of patients was detected by using the modified plastic-embedded pathologic sections of bone marrow tissue and histochemistry staining, the expression levels of amgiogenesis-related factors including VEGF, TNF-α, HGF, TGF-α, TGF-β1, bFGF, Ang-Ⅰ, Ang-Ⅱ in bone marrow supernatant were detected by ELISA; the mRNA expression levels of above-mentioned cytokines in bone marrow mononuclear cells were detected by real time-PCR; the pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of MVD with VEGF, HGF and bFGF levels., Results: The MVD in MM group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.001); the mRNA expression of VEGF, TGF-α, TGF-β1 and HGF in bone marrow mononuclear cells of MM group was higher than that of control group(P＜0.001); the levels of VEGF, HGF, bFGF and THF-α in bone marrow supernatant of MM group were higher than those in control group(P＜0.05), moreover, the MVD positively correlated with levels of VEGF, HGF and bFGF in bone marrow(r=0.488, 0.472 and 0.457)., Conclusion: The MVD and levels vessel-related factors in bone marrow supernatant of MM patients increase, among which the levels of VEGF and HGF in bone marrow supernatant are consistant with those mRNA expression level in bone marrow mononuclear cells, moreover, the MVD possitively cerrelates with levels of VEGF, HGF and bFGF in bone marrow supernatant, suggesting that the changes of bone marrow microenvironment vassel-related factors play an important role in angiogenesis and pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.

Spartina alterniflora has important ecological functions in its original place, such as bank protection and land reclamation, but often has negative impacts on the local ecosystem after it is introduced into new areas. This species is often considered as an invasive one. The invasion and control of S. alterniflora have caused a great concern. We reviewed the latest research progresses in the prevention and control of S. alterniflora from six different perspectives, including physical control, chemical control, biological control, biological substitution control, integrated control, and control strategies. The theoretical basis, technical details, control effect and environmental impact of the six kinds of control technologies were analyzed. We pointed out the shortcomings of existing control technologies and proposed some suggestions such as targeted control of different ecological risk zones.

The health of wetland ecosphere in an estuarine delta is determined by many factors, such as continuity of natural processes, ecosystem connectivity, habitat heterogeneity, and food web diversity. The contradiction between ecological and environmental protection and regional development in the estuarine delta is becoming more and more prominent. A series of man-made and natural processes directly and indirectly resulted in habitat fragmentation of wetlands, which has direct and strong impacts on the ecosphere health and the habitat function of wetlands. In this paper, we provided a perspective on researches on the basic theory of healthy wetland ecosphere, landscape ecological network system, hydrologic network construction, key food webs, and habitat heterogeneity. At the regional and landscape scales, with the linkages between land use and ecosystem integrity as the main line, we clarified the influences of habitat fragmentation on wetland ecological functions, especially the effects of landscape integrity and river connectivity on wetland habitat. At the community and ecosystem scales, emphasis should be given on the relationship between food web and ecosystem stability, especially the supporting role of food web diversity and habitat heterogeneity on the construction of wetland biosphere. Further efforts should focuse on the wetland habitats construction based on landscape integrity, hydrologic connectivity, habitat heterogeneity and food web diversity. These efforts could help to develop and optimize the theory and method of constructing wetland ecosphere and enhancing its ecological function, and promote the sound development of regional ecological environment and resource utilization in estuarine deltas.

Objective: MiR-381-3p plays an essential role in the progression of a variety of cancers, but its expression and role in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) progression have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of miR-381-3p and its function in PTC., Patients and Methods: The expression levels of miR-381-3p and low-density lipoprotein receptor‑related protein 6 (LRP6) mRNA in PTC tissues and cell lines were measured using RT-PCR. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed by cell viability assay and transwell assay. Luciferase assays and Western blotting were performed to demonstrate miR-381-3p target gene., Results: We found that miR-381-3p was significantly down-regulated in PTC tissues and cell lines. In vitro assay indicated that up-regulation of miR-381-3p significantly suppressed PTC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that miR-381-3p could target LRP6 by binding to the 3' UTR. Western blot and Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) showed that miR-381-3p overexpression suppressed the expression of LRP6 at both mRNA and proteins levels. In addition, functional experiment confirmed that LRP6 was involved in the suppressive effect of miR-381-3p-mediated PTC on cell proliferation, migration and invasion., Conclusions: Our findings suggested, for the first time, that miR-381-3p was lowly expressed in PTC tissues, and its up-regulation inhibited tumorigenesis of PTC by targeting LRP6.

As a unique hydrological characteristic, the tidal action can strongly affect carbon balance in a salt marsh despite their short duration. Using the eddy covariance technique, we measured the net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) and its environmental factors and tidal change over a salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta. It aimed to investigate the effect of tidal process and drying and wetting cycles induced by tides on NEE. The results showed that the tidal process promoted the daytime CO 2 uptake, but it didn't clearly affect the nighttime CO 2 release. Tidal inundation was a major factor influencing daytime NEE. The diurnal change of NEE showed a distinct U-shaped curve on both drought and wet stages, but not with substantial variation in its amplitude during the drought stage. The drying and wetting cycles enhanced the absorption of daytime CO 2 . Under drought stage, the mean of the maximum photosynthetic rate (A max ), apparent quantum yield (α) and ecosystem respiration (R eco ) were higher than those in wet stage. In addition, the drying and wetting cycles suppressed the nighttime CO 2 release from the salt marsh but increased its temperature sensitivity.

At the core of translational challenges in tissue engineering is the mechanistic understanding of the underpinning biological processes and the complex relationships among components at different levels, which is a challenging task due to the limitations of current tissue culture and assessment methodologies. Therefore, we proposed a novel scale-down strategy to deconstruct complex biomatrices into elementary building blocks, which were resembled by thin modular substrate and then evaluated separately in miniaturised bioreactors using various conventional microscopes. In order to investigate cell colonisation within porous substrate in this proof-of-concept study, TEM specimen supporters (10-30 μm thick) with fine controlled open pores (100∼600 μm) were selected as the modular porous substrate and suspended in 3D printed bioreactor systems. Noninvasive imaging of human dermal fibroblasts cultured on these free-standing substrate using optical microscopes illustrated the complicated dynamic processes used by both individual and coordinated cells to bridge and segment porous structures. Further in situ analysis via SEM and TEM provided high-quality micrographs of cell-cell and cell-scaffold interactions at microscale, depicted cytoskeletal structures in stretched and relaxed areas at nanoscale. Thus this novel scaled-down design was able to improve our mechanistic understanding of tissue formation not only at single- and multiple-cell levels, but also at micro- and nanoscales, which could be difficult to obtain using other methods., (© 2017 The Authors. Journal of Microscopy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Microscopical Society.)

Objective: Individual susceptibility to sepsis has received increasing attention in recent years, and the study of genetic variations has become a hotspot regarding sepsis pathogenesis. We, therefore, investigated the association between mitochondrial genotype and sepsis susceptibility., Patients and Methods: One hundred patients admitted with sepsis and registered by five intensive care units (ICUs) in the People's Liberation Army Hospital and the Beijing Aerospace Center Hospital between January 2015 and January 2016 were enrolled as a case group, and 100 healthy persons were recruited as a control group. Patients' general information was obtained, and clinical evaluations and mitochondrial sequence screening were performed., Results: A total of 718 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in 708 loci in 100 patients. There were 1754 mutations in 456 loci in the coding region and 567 mutations were found in the RNA region. A total of 34 loci (from 40 cases) were novel mutations. A10398G (52.52%), C5178A (24.24%), C150T (17.17%), G3010A (17.17%), and T16189C (16.16%) were the most frequently observed conserved non-synonymous mutations that were differently expressed between the case and control groups (p<0.05). A5863T and C3270 deletion mutations were located on the genes encoding tRNATyr and tRNALeu, respectively. Small changes in the tRNA gene were likely to result in protein level changes., Conclusions: We suggest that mitochondrial SNPs may be associated with the pathogenesis of sepsis.

Soil and vegetation community were investigated using the method of kilometer grid sampling. In addition, using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and the GIS spatial analysis technique, the potential distribution of dominant species in the Yellow River Delta and their major environmental variables and ecological parameters were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the dominant species of the coastal wetland were Tamarix chinensis, Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa in the Yellow River Delta. Among the environmental variables, six variables were significant contributors to the potential distribution model of T. chinensis: NO 3 - -N, salt, slope, Mg, altitude and NH 4 + -N. The environmental variables influencing the distribution of P. australis were NO 3 - -N, salt, TP, pH, altitude and NH 4 + -N. NO 3 - -N, salt and NH 4 + -N were the significant factors determining the potential distribution of S. salsa. The probability of presence of dominant species of the coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta was positively correlated with salt, but it was negatively correlated with the other major environmental variables. The model predicted that the core potential distribution of dominant species in the Yellow River Delta was mainly in the coastal areas. In addition, P. australis had a wider range of distribution, compared with T. chinensis and S. salsa.

Objectives: To observe the changes of cystathionine β-synthase （CBS） expression in the cerebral cortex after brain contusion at different times., Methods: An experimental model of traumatic brain injury （TBI） in mice was established by an improved weight-drop device. Then Western blotting and immunohistochemical examination were used to detect the CBS expression in cerebral cortex around injury at different time points （1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d）., Results: The results of Western blotting revealed that the expression level of CBS was down-regulated and reached its lowest level at the 3rd days after injury, and then restored to normal level after 7 days. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that CBS was present in the normal brain cortex. CBS expression gradually decreased at the 3rd days after injury, and then restored to normal level after 7 days., Conclusions: CBS has the potential to be a reference index for time estimation after brain contusion in forensic practice., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine)

Objective: This research attempts to identify the part the hippocampus plays in accelerated fracture-healing after traumatic brain injury as well as to test functions of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during this process., Materials and Methods: Experiments were carried out on Male Sprague-Dawley rats that were split into four groups at random: TBI-fracture group, fracture-only group, TBI-only group, and control group. In the first week, blood specimen would be drawn from rats among the groups except those of the control group at three-time points (24, 72 and 168 hours) post-damage. These rats would be assessed from the neurological perspective based on their grades of performance in a sequence of tests 24 hours before and 12 hours after brain injury. Blood samples were also taken from the control group 24 hours before the injury, and whole brain tissues in the injured groups were harvested at 72 and 168 hours post-injury. We compared the serum CGRP concentration, the distribution of CGRP, the CGRP expression, and the expression of CGRP in the hippocampus, the expression of CGRP in the hippocampus, the expression of CGRP in the hippocampus, and the expression of CGRP in the brain by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, RT- Of CGRP RNA expression levels., Results: Neurological examinations suggested that the functions of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem showed significant differences pre- and post-injury (p < 0.001). ELISA analysis indicated a great density of CGRP in TBI-fracture group at different time points. Furthermore, in the TBI-fracture group, CGRP in both hippocampus and the whole brain showed a noticeable augment in RT-PCR and western blot analysis at 72 and 168 h post-injury, and only in this group, immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that CGRP was present in the hippocampus at 168 hours post-injury., Conclusions: We observed that the hippocampus and CGRP were responsible for quick bone-healing mechanisms. We suggest a role for the hippocampus in accelerated fracture healing. CGRP expression, as determined by IHC, cannot be observed in other groups, indicating that the hippocampus may be the specific component of the brain that responds to "big stress".

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the genetic background of mitochondrial genes in young patients with Coronary heart disease (CHD) to provide a foundation for the early prevention of young patients with CHD., Methods: 115 cases of young (⋜ 45 years) CHD Chinese Han patients (case group), 100 cases of older (> 45 years) Chinese Han CHD patients (experimental group) hospitalized and 100 cases of healthy people through physical examination (control group) at the General Hospital of PLA between January 2014 and December 2015 were selected. General information, clinical assessment, pedigree analysis, and mitochondrial full sequence scanning were performed. The pedigrees of one patient harbouring the C5263T mutation were recruited. Mitochondrial functional analysis including cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were performed on pedigrees with the C5263T mutation (mutation group) and without the mutation (non-mutation group)., Results: The differences in biochemical tests (P > 0.05) between the case group and experimental group were not significant. The C5263T single-nucleotide mutation of the mitochondrial ND2 gene was observed in 2 young CHD patients in the case group. The premature CHD of these 2 patients followed a pattern of maternal inheritance. The mutation group (I1, II2) had higher ROS levels (4750.82 ± 1045.55 vs. 3888.58 ± 487.60, P = 0.022) and lower MMP levels (P = 0.045) than the non-mutation group (II1, III1, III2)., Conclusion: We speculated that the mitochondrial C5263T mutation might be associated with the occurrence CHD in Chinese Han young people., (Copyright © 2017 The Editorial Board of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. Published by China CDC. All rights reserved.)

In this study, 24 male and female broiler chickens at 30-day-old were divided into three groups with 8 animals in each group. The animals were administered with recombinant chicken interferon-α (rChIFN-α) at a dose of 1.0 × 10 6 IU/kg intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously, respectively. Serum samples were collected at different time points post administration, and the titers of rChIFN-α in the blood were determined by cytopathic effect inhibition assay. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic characteristics of rChIFN-α by intramuscular injection and subcutaneous injection were fitted to one compartment open model, and the T max was 3.21 ± 0.79 hr and 3.95 ± 0.85 hr, respectively, and the elimination half-life (T 1/2 ) was 6.20 ± 2.77 hr and 5.03 ± 3.70 hr, respectively. In contrast, the pharmacokinetics of rChIFN-α via intravenous injection was in line with the open model of two-compartment and was eliminated in the first order, and the elimination half-life (T 1/2 ) was 4.61 ± 0.84 hr. In addition, compared with those in the intravenous group and the subcutaneous group, the bioavailability of rChIFN-α in the intramuscular group was 82.80%. In conclusion, rChIFN-α was rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated after intramuscular administration of single dose of rChIFN-α aqueous formulations. Thus, rChIFN-α can be used as a commonly-used therapeutic agent.

Soil respiration (R s ) is the main efflux of carbon pool from soil to atmosphere. Increasing R s caused by rising temperature can result in significant change in the global carbon balance. Global mean land-surface temperature is predicted to rise by 0.3-4.8 ℃ by the end of 21 century. Therefore, how R s responds to simulated experimental warming in the natural field is one of the critical issues in global change research. Here, we reviewed the response characteristics of R s to simulated warming under different temporal and spatial patterns. Experimental warming can increase R s at the short time scale, but there was no uniform law in the long-term warming experiments, and there were differences among different ecosystems. This paper also reviewed the mechanism underlying the simulated warming response of R s . Warming can directly affect R s , and warming can also affect R s indirectly by affecting the environmental factors (e.g., soil water, soil salt, soil physical and che-mical properties), and the regulation of biological factors (e.g., photosynthesis, litter decomposition). Furthermore, we synthesized the formation mechanism of adaptability of R s to warming, including adaptability of microbes, roots and enzymes to warming, water restriction, and regulation by excessive nitrogen and the substrate supply. Finally, the future research directions were proposed. The study of micro-ecosystem of rhizosphere, characteristics and mechanism of R s under asymmetric warming should be strengthened. Also, more attention should be paid to the measurement of R s in typical phenological periods and typical weather in different seasons. The research network of R s response to simulated warming should be constructed for networking test.

Using the eddy covariance technique, we measured the net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) and its environmental and biotic factors over a coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta to investigate the diurnal and seasonal variation in NEE and quantify the effect of environmental and biotic factors on NEE. The results showed that the diurnal change of NEE showed a distinct U-shaped curve during the growing season, but not with substantial variation in its amplitude during the non-growing season. During the growing season, the wetland acted as a significant net sink for CO 2 , while it became carbon source during the non-growing season. On the scale of a whole year, the wetland functioned as a strong carbon sink of -247 g C·m -2 . Daytime NEE was mainly dominated by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Apparent quantum yield (α) and daytime respiration of ecosystem (R eco,d ) reached maximum in August, while maximum photosynthesis rate (A max ) reached its maximum in July. Nighttime NEE had an exponential relationship with air temperature (T a ). The mean value of temperature sensibility coefficient (Q 10 ) was 2.5, and it was positively related to soil water content (SWC). During the non-growing season, NEE was negatively correlated with net radiation (R n ), but not with other environmental factors significantly. However, during the growing season NEE was significantly correlated with R n , T a , soil temperature at 10 cm depth (T s 10 ) and leaf area index (LAI), but not with aboveground biomass (AGB). Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that R n and LAI explained 52% of the variation in NEE during the growing season.

Using the Li-8150 multichannel automatic soil CO 2 efflux system, soil respiration was measured continuously over a one-year period in a coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta, China. Environmental and biological factors were measured simultaneously, including temperature, soil water content, aboveground biomass and leaf area index. The results showed that the diurnal variation of soil respiration presented a single-peak curve, but it appeared as multiple peaks when disturbed by soil freezing and surface flooding. Soil respiration showed obvious seasonal dynamics and a single peak curve. The average annual soil respiration was 0.85 μmol CO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 , and the mean soil respiration rate was 1.22 μmol CO 2 ·m -2 ·s -1 during the growing season. On one-year scale, soil temperature was a major factor influencing soil respiration in the coastal wetland, which explained 87.5% of the variation in soil respiration. On the growing season scale, soil water content and leaf area index accounted for 85% of the seasonal variation of soil respiration.

Wetland can be a potential efficient sink to reduce global warming due to its higher primary productivity and lower carbon decomposition rate. While there has been a series progress on the influence mechanism of ecosystem CO2 exchange over China' s wetlands, a systematic metaanalysis of data still needs to be improved. We compiled data of ecosystem CO2 exchange of 21 typical wetland vegetation types in China from 29 papers and carried out an integrated analysis of air temperature and precipitation effects on net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (Reco), gross primary productivity (GPP), the response of NEE to PAR, and the response of Reco to temperature. The results showed that there were significant responses (P<0.05) of NEE (R2 = 50%, R2=57%), GPP (R2 = 60%, R2 = 50%) Reco (R2 = 44%, R2=50%) with increasing air temperature and enhanced precipitation on the annual scale. On the growing season scale, air temperature accounted for 50% of the spatial variation of NEE, 36% of GPP and 19% of Reco, respectively. Both NEE (R2 = 33%) and GPP (R2 =25%) were correlated positively with precipitation (P<0.05). However, the relationship between Reco and precipitation was not significant (P>0.05). Across different Chinese wetlands, both precipitation and temperature had no significant effect on apparent quantum yield (α) or ecosystem respiration in the daytime (Reco,day, P>0.05). The maximum photosynthesis rate (Amax) was remarkably correlated with precipitation (P <0.01), but not with air temperature. Besides, there was no significant correlation between basal respiration (Rref) and precipitation (P>0.05). Precipitation was negatively correlated with temperature sensitivity of Reco (Q10, P<0.05). Furthermore, temperature accounted for 35% and 46% of the variations in temperature sensitivity of Reco (Q10) and basal respiration (Rref P<0.05), respectively.

By using eddy covariance technique, this paper measured the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in a reed (Phragmites australis) wetland in the Yellow River Delta of China during the growth season of 2011, and investigated the variation patterns of the NEE and related affecting factors. The average diurnal variation of the NEE in different months showed a U-type curve, with the maximum net CO2 uptake rate and release rate being (0.44 +/- 0.03) and (0.16 +/- 0.01) mg CO2 x m(-2) x s(-1), respectively. The NEE, ecosystem respiration (R(eco)), and gross primary productivity (GPP) were all higher in vigorous growth season (from July to September) and lower in early growth season (from May to June) and late growth season (from October to November). Both R(eco) and NEE reached their maximum values in August, while GPP reached its peak value in July. During the growth season, the ecosystem CO2 exchange was mainly dominated by photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), soil temperature (T(s)), and soil water content (SWC). There was a rectangular hyperbolic relationship between the daytime NEE and PAR. The nighttime ecosystem respiration (R(eco,n)) was exponentially correlated with the T(s) at 5 cm depth, and the temperature sensitivity of the ecosystem respiration (Q10) was 2.30. SWC and T(s) were the main factors affecting the R(eco,n). During the entire growth season, the reed wetland ecosystem in the Yellow River delta was an obvious carbon sink, with the total net carbon sequestration being 780.95 g CO2 x m(-2).

Objective: To investigate the roles of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand I-TAC in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)., Methods: A total of 48 ITP patients were enrolled in this study: 30 with newly diagnosed or relapse ITP and 18 in remission after treatment, and 24 healthy volunteers were as controls. IFNγ and I-TAC in plasma were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression of CXCR3 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) was determined by quantitative RT-PCR., Results: The IFNγ level in the plasma of ITP patients before the treatment was obviously increased than those in the remission group and controls [(71.45 ± 17.62) ng/L vs (36.94 ± 14.86) ng/L and (25.28 ± 12.85) ng/L, all P < 0.05] and those in the remission group was higher than in the controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, there were no statistic differences of the levels of I-TAC among the three groups [(455.56 ± 144.70) ng/L, (488.24 ± 164.70) ng/L and (382.97 ± 167.43) ng/L, P > 0.05]. Both ITP patients before the treatment and remission groups expressed more CXCR3 mRNA [6.76 (3.03, 37.00), 1.76 (0.45, 14.18) vs 0.12 (0.04, 0.28), P < 0.05]. After effective therapy, CXCR3 mRNA expression decreased, while it was still higher than that in the controls., Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that Th1 cytokine (IFNγ) dominance is reflected in ITP. Simultaneously, the CXCR3(+) cell may play a role in cell-mediated immunity through chemotaxis in ITP.

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognostic factors of gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)., Methods: Clinicopathological data of 217 GIST patients from January 2005 to September 2010 in Wuhan Union Hospital were analyzed retrospectively and the prognostic factors were evaluated., Results: There were 103 males and 114 females with a median age of 55 years old. Two hundred and thirteen patients underwent R0 resection and 4 R1 resection due to extensive invasion. Thirty-five patients underwent laparoscopic resection. Forty-eight patients received imatinib mesylate therapy after surgery. A total of 178 patients(82.0%) were followed up for 3 to 74 months. Sixteen patients(9.0%) developed recurrence or metastasis. Logistic regression analysis showed that tumor location (OR=2.547, 95% CI:1.466-4.424) and mitotic count(OR=6.556, 95% CI:2.974-14.449) were independent factors for post-operative recurrence or metastasis. Five patients survived with tumor, and 11 patients(6.2%) died of GIST including intestinal GIST(n=7) and extraintestinal GIST(n=4). Cox regression analysis showed that the mitotic count (RR=2.654, 95% CI:1.094-6.438) and post-operative recurrence or metastasis (RR=32.988, 95% CI:3.879-280.529) were independent prognostic factors., Conclusions: Tumor location and mitotic count are independent risk factors for post-operative recurrence or metastasis in GIST. Mitotic count and post-operative recurrence or metastasis are independent indicators of poor prognosis. Surgical radical resection combined with targeted therapy can achieve satisfactory outcomes in patients with GIST.

Based on the 23 sheets of remote sensing images from 1976 to 2009, in combining with the water and sediment data from Lijin station and the annual precipitation data of Yellow River Basin from 1976 to 2008, this paper quantitatively analyzed the features of water and sediment discharge from Yellow River, and the evolution process of Yellow River Delta and related driving mechanisms. In 1976-2008, the annual runoff and the annual sediment discharge into sea changed largely and frequently, but overall, presented a decreasing trend. Since the course of the Yellow River changed its direction to Qingshui channel in 1976, the Delta coastline and area were generally in a silting-up state. The evolution process of the Delta could be approximately divided into three stages, i.e., 1976-1985, 1986-1995, and 1996-2009, and the increasing rate of the Delta decreased with the stages. The coastline and area of the Delta were significantly exponentially correlated to the sediment accumulated at Lijin station, and the inter-annual variation of the precipitation of the Yellow River Basin had a strong correlation with that of the sediment at Lijin station, suggesting that the annual variation of the precipitation in Yellow River Basin was the main factor affecting the runoff and sediment discharge into sea.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of laparoscopy-assisted modified Soave procedure for Hirschsprung disease in adults., Methods: Twenty-eight patients with a preoperative diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease underwent laparoscopy-assisted modified Soave procedure between March 2005 and December 2009. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed., Results: There were no conversions to open surgery. The mean operative time was (165±12) minutes (range: 135-185 minutes). Estimated blood loss ranged from 50 to 250 ml, and no patients required intraoperative blood transfusion. Postoperative pathologic examination showed Hirschsprung diseases in 19 patients and Hirschsprung allied diseases in 9. Only two patients developed rectal cuff infection and three mild seepage. Other patients had no postoperative complications. The mean hospital stay was (17.5±1.0) days. No fecal incontinence or recurrent constipation occurred during follow-up., Conclusion: Laparoscopy- assisted modified Soave procedure is safe and effective for Hirschsprung disease.

The hydrothermal reaction of Co(II)/Cu(II), 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid and dipyridophenazine leads to the generation of two 3D chiral coordination polymers, [M(hip)(DPPZ)](n) (M = Co(), Cu(), H(2)hip = 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, DPPZ = dipyridophenazine), which contain M-hip-M helical chains (M = Co, Cu) and possess a new four-connected 6(6) topological net. The resulting crystals were not a racemic mixture but an enantiomeric excess, which was confirmed by the measurement of optical rotation of the bulk samples using solid state vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and solid circular dichroism (CD) based on the large crystals from one crystallization. The magnetic properties of 1 and 2 have been investigated by variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements, and the results reveal that antiferromagnetic interactions exist in 1 and 2.

To search for a new method of determining, we developed a new flow injection analyzer, applied to the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, relying on it without flame in place of visible spectrophotometer, and studied the appropriate condition for the determination of aluminum in sediments, thus built up a kind of new analytical test technique. Three peak and two valley absorption values (A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5) can be continuously obtained simultaneously that all can be used for quantitative analysis, then we discussed its theory and experiment technique. Based on the additivity of absorbance (A = A1+A2+A3+A4+ A5), the sensitivity of FIA is enhanced, and its precision and linear relation are also good, raising the efficiency of AAS. The simple method has been applied to determining Al in sediments, and the results are satisfactory.

Aim: To examine the effects of cyclin D1 antisense oligodexoyneucleotides (ASODN) on growth and chemosensitivity of gastric carcinoma cell lines SGC7901 and its mechanism., Methods: Phosphorothioate modified cyclin D1 ASODN was encapsulated by LipofectAMINE2000 (LF2000) and transfected into cells, the dose-effect curves and growth curves were observed. 5-FU, MTX, CDDP of different concentrations were given after transfecting cells with cyclin D1 ASODN for 24 h the dose-effect responses were observed and IC50s were calculated. The mRNA expression of cyclin D1, thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was detected by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) at 24 h and 48 h after transfection., Results: Dose-dependent inhibitory effect was caused by cyclin D1 ASODN in SGC7901 cells. Transfecting gastric carcinoma cells with 0.2 micromol/L cyclin D1 ASODN for 24 h could inhibit growth significantly and reduce expression of cyclin D1 mRNA. Cyclin D1 ASODN could increase the chemosensitivity to 5-FU, MTX, CDDP in cells. The IC50s of different chemotherapeutic agents in ASODN plus chemotherapy groups were significantly lower than those in controls. Transfection with cyclin D1 ASODN leaded to an increase in TS and DHFR mRNA and a decrease in TP mRNA as determined by RT-PCR at 24 h, the alterations were more significant at 48 h., Conclusions: Cyclin D1 ASODN can decrease mRNA expression of cyclin D1, inhibit growth and enhance the chemosensitivity by changing the expression of enzymes related to metabolism of chemotherapeutic agents in SGC7901 gastric carcinoma cells.

Objective: To study the safety and immunogenicity of the Bilive combined hepatitis A and B vaccine produced by Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd., Methods: Samples were selected from first year students of a senior high school (adults group) and first to fifth grade 1-5 students of 3 primary schools (children group). Those who were susceptible to both hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), HAV only or HBV only were assigned to group AB, A and B respectively and were vaccinated with three doses (0, 1 and 6 month schedule) of Bilive combined hepatitis A and B vaccine, inactivated hepatitis A vaccine and recombined hepatitis B vaccine respectively. The dosage for adult group was 500 U hepatitis A antigen and/or 10 micro g hepatitis B surface antigen and the dosage for children group was half the dosage of adult group. The potential adverse effects were observed within 72 hours after vaccination. Serum samples were collected for testing anti-HAV and anti-HBs at month 2 and 7 after the initial dose., Results: The rates of local adverse effects were 0.58% and 2.56% in children AB group and adults AB group and the general adverse effects rates were 9.88% and 5.45% respectively. Both local and general adverse effect rates were not significantly different to the control group. The sero-conversion rate of anti-HAV in children and adults AB group reached 100%, one month after 3 doses. The geometric mean titer (GMTs) reached 33,910 mIU/ml and 23,435 mIU/ml respectively, significant higher than that in control group (group A). The sero-conversion rates of anti-HBs were 97.30% and 96.63%, and GMTs were 103 mIU/ml and 102 mIU/ml in children and adults AB group respectively. No significant difference on sero-conversion and GMT was observed when compared with control group., Conclusion: The Bilive combined hepatitis A and B vaccine had good safety profile, and the immunogenicity both on anti-HAV and anti-HBs was similar to that of separated components.

Aim: To study the chemical constituents of Bletilla striata., Methods: Various column chromatographies with silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 were employed for the isolation and purification. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral analyses and chemical methods., Results: Three compounds were isolated from the roots of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f. and identified as 5-hydroxy-4-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-3'-3-dimethoxybibenzyl (I), schizandrin (II), 4,4'-dimethoxy-(1,1'-biphenanthrene)-2,2',7,7'-tetrol (III)., Conclusion: Compound I is a new bibenzyl derivative and II was isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Bletilla striata., Method: The constituents were separated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel, and identified by NMR, MS and physical data., Result: Three compounds were isolated and identified as hexacosanoic alcohol 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzol)-trans-acryliceylenate(1), physcion(2) and cyclobalanol(3)., Conclusion: Compound 1 was a new compound and compound 3 was isolated from this plant for the first time.

In 1980-81 an outbreak of dengue fever occurred in Guangdong province and in Guangxi-Zhuang autonomous region in the central-southern part of China. Subsequently, a nationwide survey indicated that the vector of the disease, Aedes aegypti, was confined to the coastal strip of Guangdong and Guangxi-Zhuang. Since the first case in the outbreak occurred in Guangxi-Zhuang, a community-based programme to control A. aegypti was set up in eight fishing villages of this region where the mosquito was breeding in household water containers. The principal method of control was use of the indigenous edible fish Clarias fuscus (Chinese cat fish), which is highly larvivorous and tolerant of harsh environmental conditions. Each container was stocked with a young fish, which could survive there for periods of up to a year. A team of primary medical personnel (barefoot doctors) made sure that the programme was correctly implemented. The programme was monitored from 1981 to 1985 in three of the villages, and the results indicated that the Breteau index remained at a low level throughout this period.