Search

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal hematopoietic stem cell disease caused by abnormal expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) on the cell membrane due to mutations in the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A(PIGA) gene. It is commonly characterized by intravascular hemolysis, repeated thrombosis, and bone marrow failure, as well as multiple systemic involvement symptoms such as renal dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, swallowing difficulties, chest pain, abdominal pain, and erectile dysfunction. Due to the rarity of PNH and its strong heterogeneity in clinical manifestations, multidisciplinary collaboration is often required for diagnosis and treatment. Peking Union Medical College Hospital, relying on the rare disease diagnosis and treatment platform, has invited multidisciplinary clinical experts to form a unified opinion on the diagnosis and treatment of PNH, and formulated the Expert Consensus of Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (2024), with the hope of promoting the standardization of PNH diagnosis and treatment.

Longwave radiation is a significant renewable energy technology for energy-saving in buildings. By evaluating the potential and distribution of longwave radiation in China, this study simplifies the calculation process in architectural design. Weather data from 115 stations across five typical thermal climates in China are used to simulate atmospheric longwave radiation effects throughout the year. Statistical regression analysis is conducted to identify key meteorological parameters affecting longwave radiation cooling. The results show that altitude significantly influences the potential for summer cooling (p = 0.79, R2 = 0.62), while winter cooling potential is positively correlated with latitude distribution (p = 0.88, R2 = 0.77). The study also reveals that dew point temperature, relative humidity, and cloud cover are important factors in the regression models for winter and summer, respectively. Overall, the empirical regression model demonstrates statistical significance and provides valuable insights for longwave radiation heat transfer calculations in buildings.

C11H10O5S2Cd, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 18.303(5) Å, b = 10.806(3) Å, c = 13.859(4) Å, β = 95.074(4)°, V = 2730.4(14) Å3, Z = 8, R gt(F) = 0.0186, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0488, T = 273.15 K.

Objective To explore the clinical application of quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) in predicting the early prognosis of acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy. Methods A total of 71 patients who underwent acute ischemic stroke mechanical thrombectomy from April 2021 to September 2022 were enrolled in He'nan Provincial People's Hospital, all of them performed qEEG after surgery. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the prognosis on the 90 d after the surgery. Univariate and multivariate backward Logistic regression analyses were used to screen risk factors for prognosis in acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to predict the value of qEEG for the prognosis of neural function. Results Patients in dismal prognosis group (mRS score 3-5, n = 28) had higher NIHSS score at admission (t = 2.686, P = 0.009), higher proportion of thrombectomy performed more than 3 times (χ2 = 4.201, P = 0.040), higher values of DTABR on the affected side (t = 2.183, P = 0.032), higher ratio of DTABR on affected side/ unaffected side (t = 6.230, P = 0.000), and higher proportion of immediately Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) < 2b after surgery (χ2 = 5.420, P = 0.020) compared to favorable prognosis group (mRS score 0-2, n = 43). Logistic regression analysis showed higher NIHSS score at admission (OR = 1.542, 95%CI: 1.368-1.725；P = 0.012), DTABR on affected side/unaffected side (OR = 3.428, 95%CI: 2.673-7.314; P = 0.008), percent alpha variability (PAV) grade Ⅱ (OR = 2.983, 95%CI: 2.625-4.682; P = 0.003) and grade Ⅲ (OR = 4.088, 95%CI: 3.825-5.349; P = 0.002), amplitude electroencephalography (aEEG) grade Ⅱ (OR = 2.536, 95%CI: 1.942-5.287; P = 0.005) and grade Ⅲ (OR = 3.924, 95%CI: 2.012-6.378; P = 0.003) were risk factors of dismal prognosis in acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy. ROC curve showed the area under the curve (AUC) of NIHSS score was 0.676 (95%CI: 0.554-0.782, P = 0.000), DTABR on affected side/unaffected side was 0.887 (95%CI: 0.789-0.950, P = 0.000), the PAV was 0.760 (95%CI: 0.643-0.853, P = 0.000), aEEG was 0.778 (95%CI: 0.664-0.868, P = 0.000), and the combined indicators classification was 0.943 (95%CI: 0.861-0.984, P = 0.000). Among them, the predictive power of the combined indicators is higher than that of the NIHSS score at admission (Z = 4.150, P = 0.000), PAV (Z = 4.006, P = 0.000) and aEEG (Z = 3.462, P = 0.001). Conclusions qEEG is an effective method to predict the early prognosis of acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy.

Egg white protein has gelatinous, foaming, and emulsifying properties. In production and processing, the gelatinous properties and gelatinous stability of egg white protein are usually improved by modifying treatment. This paper reviewed the modification methods of egg white protein and the research status of the application of modified egg white protein in meat processing and prospected the innovation and application of modified egg white protein.

With the acceleration of the aging society, the incidence of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) tends to be younger, which brings great trouble to the society and patients. In order to effectively inhibit KOA lesions and assist KOA rehabilitation after joint replacement, all kinds of sports braces and rehabilitation training devices are used. Among them, rehabilitation aids play an important role in the rehabilitation training of KOA people. In order to study the application of rehabilitation robots in the rehabilitation training of KOA people more comprehensively, this research systematically reviews the research status of robot structure control in rehabilitation training for people with lower limb movement disorders based on the analysis of the rehabilitation needs of KOA population at different stages of disease. The key technologies of rehabilitation robots for KOA people are analyzed as well, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of rehabilitation robots for KOA people in the future.

With the in-depth implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, it is of great significance to study the supervision and governance mechanism of national audit in the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. As the main components with smaller contribution rates will be discarded when evaluating and analyzing the influencing factors of rural revitalization, it may affect the analytical judgment of the actual problem. Therefore, based on stepwise regression, this paper adopts ridge regression to correct multicollinearity, with the help of the ridge trace diagram to judge the correlation between independent variables intuitively and quickly, and through the ridge calculation as much as possible to retain the independent variables that have a greater impact on rural revitalization. The principal component-ridge regression model is proposed because it takes into account the advantages and disadvantages of various regression methods. To solve the problem of unstable regression coefficients caused by multiple covariances, to analyze the important influencing factors of state auditing on rural revitalization according to the regression coefficients, and to establish the governance optimization path of state auditing to promote rural revitalization. According to the regression results, the government audit variable has a significance level of 1%. The comprehensive governance function of government audit has a regression coefficient of -0.038 that shows significant and negative results at a 1% confidence level. The performance scores of rural sustainability as well as financial dimensions are in the range of 0.8 to 1, which is a good level.

In this paper, for the common behaviors of students in classroom teaching, deep learning and the improved student behavior detection algorithm based on YOLOv5s are used to transform the source data into another high-level and high-abstract data expression to realize the detection of students’ behavior in class. Then, taking into account the real conditions of college students and the internal logic of deep learning and classroom teaching, we sort out the target conditions of college students’ deep learning and their brand-new requirements for college classroom teaching and innovate the art teaching mode in colleges and universities. The innovative art teaching mode is applied in the art classroom teaching of W College of Fine Arts, and the teaching effect is analyzed. The results show that the mean values of students’ evaluation in the five core literacy skills of image literacy, art expression, aesthetic judgment, creative practice, and cultural understanding increased by 12.6, 14.95, 17.66, 12.27, and 19.1 points after the innovation compared with those before the innovation. The above data show that the innovation of art teaching mode can enhance students’ motivation to learn and stimulate their creative passion, thus cultivating their creative ability, making students learn to inherit and carry forward the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and enhancing their cultural self-confidence and national pride.

Background: Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are the reservoir source of various types of intestinal cells, and the decline of stem cell function in the gut may be a potential factor for aging-related disease. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer (Araliaceae, Panax genus) that could restore gut aging by enhancing intestinal function and regulating ISCs in aging mice based on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods: A total of 60 ICR male mice were randomly divided into control, model, metformin, and ginseng water decoction (GWD) 3.6, 1.8, and 0.9 g/kg groups. The aging model was induced by 1 % D-galactose (s.c. 0.1 mL/10 g) for 28 days. Moreover, GWD was given to aging mice intragastrically (i.g.) once a day for 28 successive days. The learning memory ability, pathological status, and function in the ileum tissue, the activity of digestive enzymes, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content in the colon were evaluated, and the related mechanism was investigated. Results: Ginseng can decrease the escape latency time and increase the swimming speed and the number of crossing platforms in aging mice. Moreover, the pathology of ileum tissue improved, the length of the intestinal villi increased, and the width of the villi and the depth of the crypts decreased. The activities of trypsin, α-amylase, and lipase increased in duodenal content and intestinal mucosa. In the colon, the content of SCFA, such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, increased, indicating that ginseng significantly improves intestinal function impairment. The mRNA expressions and protein levels of β-catenin, C-myc, GSK-3β, Lgr5, and Olfm4 were upregulated in the ginseng group. Conclusions: Ginseng improves intestinal function and regulates the function of ISCs in order to protect intestinal health by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in aging mice.

The classification of the breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) refers to the classification of the degree of lesions according to the image signs of lesions, which is usually subjective. Moreover, the benign and malignant lesions of BI-RADS 3-5 are overlapping, which is prone to unnecessary invasive treatment due to high diagnostic categories in clinical diagnosis. To address these problems, this research applied radiomics for feature extraction and fusion of T1-weighted (T1W) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DEC) MRI. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to screen out the optimal feature collection of each type of MR image. Support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and logistic regression (LR) algorithms were applied for BI-RADS 3-5 classification, based on which the benign and malignant lesions were further classified. The results showed that the classification accuracy of breast BI-RADS 3-5 by four radiomics models based on feature fusion was 81.25%, 87.50%, 78.38%, and 81.25%, respectively. Their accuracy in distinguishing the benign and malignant breast lesions was 90.91%, 93.55%, 92.73%, and 94.55%, respectively. This indicates that the combination of radiomics and machine learning correlation algorithm has a good effect on breast MRI BI-RADS classification and benign and malignant differentiation, and feature fusion can further improve the accuracy of classification prediction.

C21H22N2O7S2Mn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.544(6) Å, b = 9.636(4) Å, c = 17.087(7) Å, β = 96.664(6)° $96.664(6){}^{\circ}$ , V = 2378.5(17) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt ${R}_{\mathit{g}\mathit{t}}$ (F) = 0.0349, wRref $w{R}_{\mathit{r}\mathit{e}\mathit{f}}$ (F 2) = 0.1036, T = 273.15 K.

The complement system is a self-protection mechanism of the human body. The abnormal activation of the complement system is involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases. The application of complement inhibitors in many rare diseases was a milestone in leading to the progress of such disease as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), and others. Recently, the application of complement inhibitors has gradually expanded to other complement-related diseases. This review summarizes the literature on the current application of complement inhibitors in rare diseases and looks into the prospects of the application in the rare diseases.

Cyclic thrombocytopenia (CTP) is a rare hemorrhagic disorder characterized by cutaneous and mucosal bleeding and periodic fluctuations platelet count. The clinical characteristics and treatment response of a patient with CTP were analyzed. The patient is a 30-year-old male with recurrent cutaneous and mucosal bleeding for 5 years. Skin petechiae, oral blood blister, conjunctival hemorrhage, by tracing the history, monitoring changes in blood routine diagnosis of CTP, further testing of reticulocyte platelets and platelet hormone, and periodically promoting bone marrow megakaryocyte with changes of platelet, confirmed that the patient's periodic reduction in bone marrow hematopoiesis, was causing more damage. Periodic changes of reticulocyte, erythropoietin and erythroid hematopoiesis in bone marrow were also observed. The patient had normal Treg levels, no significant telomere length shortening in peripheral blood nucleated cells, and no clear pathogenic gene mutation was found by whole exon gene sequencing. Recombinant human thrombopoietin(rhTPO) treatment shortened the time of thrombocytopenia and increased the minimum platelet value. The average age of onset of CTP was 35 years old, some patients had severe bleeding, and more than half of the patients were misdiagnosed as primary immune thrombocytopenia. At present, the pathogenesis of CTP has not been clarified and there is no effective treatment. The experience of this patient suggests that rhTPO may be effective. This case of CTP complicated with periodic anemia is the first report. The exploration of its pathogenesis provides important information for understanding CTP.

Objective To explore the application value of six prediction models reported at home and abroad for adverse outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP) in eastern and western China. Methods For all patients who delivered in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Sichuan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from May 1, 2011 to April 30, 2019 and were diagnosed with HDP, their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Six models, fullPIERS, miniPIERS, Zwertbroek, PREP, Ngwenya, and Ma Guojun, were used to predict the risk of adverse outcomes for the patients. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated in terms of discrimination and calibration. Results A total of 2978 patients were eligible. Combined adverse outcomes occurred in 13.6% (405/2978) of women within 48 h of admission, and 22.0% (655/2978) at any time during admission. The delivery < 34 weeks (49.4%, 200/405), need for blood product transfusion (43.5%, 176/405), and placental abruption (23.5%, 95/405) were the most common adverse outcomes within 48 hours of admission. The area under of the curve of the six models for predicting adverse outcomes in the patients with HDP within 48 hours of admission/during hospitalization ranged from 0.600 to 0.897, the sensitivity ranged from 57.1% to 69.5%, and the specificity ranged from 60.1% to 76.6%. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that except for the PREP model (which had a small validation population and was not evaluated for calibration), the P-values of all the other 5 models were less than 0.05. Conclusions The six prediction models have certain application value in the prediction of adverse outcomes of HDP patients in the eastern and western regions of China, but the fitting is poor. The predictors involved in some models are not routine inspection indicators, and the feasibility of large-scale model application is still open to question. It is still necessary to establish a better prognostic model suitable for local areas based on Chinese characteristics.

Key Clinical Message The high‐risk “Shark Fin” electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern has been associated with transmural ischemia but can also result from electrolyte anomalies. Therefore, the decision for invasive coronary catheterization requires a detailed history and dedicated biochemical tests. Abstract Pseudo‐infarction ECG pattern resembling “Shark Fin” was demonstrated in a 76‐year‐old lady with a previous total thyroidectomy who presented with unspecific symptoms. An incidental finding of hypokalemia and hypocalcemia was thought to be related to delayed onset hypoparathyroidism. Potential etiologies like coronary vasospasm and catecholamine‐associated myocardial injury were suggested.

With the aging of the population, the decline of human body function leads to the decline of limb flexibility, and the severe cases lose the ability to walk. Research shows that the lower limb exoskeleton can assist human walking. In this paper, a lower limb exoskeleton is designed, which can collect the energy of the healthy side of the lower limb and release it when the affected side of the lower limb walks. The unilateral lower limb is used to compensate the movement of the affected limb, assist walking, and realize the collection, management and migration of human motion energy. The results showed that the root mean square value of rectus femoris decreased by 10%, and the EMG integral value of lateral gastrocnemius muscle decreased by 12%. The effect of exoskeleton on lower limb muscles is obvious. The walking assisted exoskeleton can provide auxiliary tension for lower limb movement and reduce muscle activity.

A young female patient presented with fever, arthralgia, and rash was diagnosed with adults still's disease. When treated with glucocorticoid steroid, the above patient progressed to anuria, sudden, and confusion. After a teamwork involving different departments, the patient was finally diagnosed with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and treated with good outcome. aHUS is a rare disease, while Eculizumab is an orphan drug. The diagnosis and treatment of the patient reveals the importance of multidisciplinary team on the diagnosis and treatment of rare and difficult diseases.

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2021.12.014

This paper mainly reviews the concept and characteristics of odour fingerprinting technology, the main steps of constructing fingerprint profiles, and the application of odour fingerprinting technology in the fields of meat product traceability and variety identification, process control, storage period and quality control, and provides an outlook on the research directions and development prospects of odour fingerprinting technology in the application of meat products.

Coronary physiology assessment is an important factor in guiding myocardial revascularization. A growing body of research highlights the value of using fractional flow reserve, FFR and other pressure-based indicators for functional assessment of stable coronary stenoses. Invasive functional coronary assessment techniques have evolved from intracoronary wire-based to wire-free approaches as a result of technological advancements. In addition, several software programs on the market have been thoroughly investigated and validated against invasive FFR, and have shown good accuracy and correlation. However, use of FFR remains modest. Hence, this review provides an overview of angiography-based FFR solutions and compares their technologies. Additionally, a systematic scoping review was performed to understand the research landscape in wire-free coronary physiology assessment, to complement the narratives of existing FFR trials on wire-free FFR. Furthermore, future developments and strategies that could expand the use of wire-free computed coronary functional assessment in the Asia Pacific region are discussed.

BackgroundPlastic scintillators have potential for application in neutron detection. Two sizes (ø2.54 cm×2.54 cm, ø5.08 cm×5.08 cm) of plastic scintillators are self-developed by scientific research team in the school of physics, Sichuan University.PurposeThis study aims to experimental test the neutron/gamma (n-) discrimination performance for two self-developed plastic scintillators.MethodsA photomultiplier tube (PMT) was used to build detection systems, and high speed oscilloscope (LECROY HDO6104A) was employed to sample signal of detector for the energy calibration of the self-developed plastic scintillator. The pulse amplitude spectrum of 137Cs γ radiation source was measured and compared with the MCNP5 simulation spectrum to obtain the position information of the Compton edge and accurately calibrate the energies of γ rays. The data obtained from a 241Am-Be neutron source were analyzed using the charge integration method, and parameters such as the figure of merit (FOM), peak-to-valley ratio for neutrons, and the proportion of leaked neutrons over all neutron events were used to quantify the n-γ discrimination in different energy zones. The detection efficiencies of two self-developed plastic scintillators relative to the Commercial off-the-Shelf (COTS) EJ-299-33A were determined.ResultsThe results show that the FOM of ø2.54 cm×2.54 cm self-developed plastic scintillator is higher that of ø5.08 cm×5.08 cm self-developed plastic scintillator, and the detection efficiency of two self developed plastic scintillators relative to EJ-299-33A is about 0.49 and 1.0, respectively.ConclusionsThe performance of the ø5.08 cm×5.08 cm self-developed plastic scintillator is comparable to that of the COTS plastic scintillator EJ-299-33A with near the same discrimination ability.

The increase in risk prevention investments in the port-hinterland service network (PHSN) effectively enhances the network’s ability to resist risks and improve the sustainability and stability of ocean transportation. Based on the construction of the PHSN risk prevention investment utility model, the equilibrium strategy, the related characteristics of each participant in the complementary networks and the complete network are analyzed. Similarly, the subsidy policy of the government under the utility maximization of the whole service network is studied. We further propose new types of subsidy strategies based on the key nodes and key groups given the resources available and the subsidy efficiency constraints imposed, while also validating the advantages of this method based on a case analysis. The results indicate that the (1) equilibrium risk prevention investment is closely related to the Katz-Bonacich centrality, network interaction intensity, cost of unit risk prevention investment and competition intensity; (2) an undifferentiated subsidy strategy cannot improve the risk prevention effectiveness of the whole network; (3) the subsidy strategy based on key nodes and key groups effectively improves the risk prevention efficiency; and (4) the subsidy strategy of key groups is superior to the subsidy strategy of key nodes. Accordingly, the results of this study provide a reference for participants and managers in the PHSN when making risk prevention investment decisions.

Ubiquitin specific proteases 22 (USP22) is a highly conserved ubiquitin hydrolase in mammals. It mainly prevents proteins degradation by deubiquitinating substrate proteins and regulates life processes such as genetic transcription, DNA damage repair and embryonic development. USP22 has been proved to promote cancer development by regulating multiple signal pathways. This article focuses on the relevant mechanisms of USP22 regulating tumorigenesis and development through deubiquitinating modification.

High chemical activity and unique electrochemical behaviour are responsible for the complicated corrosion mechanism of magnesium. Importantly, the anodic hydrogen evolution on Mg electrodes when applied anodic polarization is one of the greatest important characteristics for Mg corrosion. The phenomenon, referred to as negative difference effect (NDE), has always been of an interest in terms of Mg electrochemistry corrosion. In this article, the research progress of hypotheses and theories proposed to interpret this phenomenon was reviewed: assuming that univalent Mg+ existed during anodic polarization of Mg. According to this, increasing oxidation rate of magnesium by applying an anodic polarization increased the rate of hydrogen evolution since the rate of Mg+ entering into electrolyte increased at the same time. However, this theory has raised criticism since Mg+ has never been experimentally detected, despite the requirement of its finite lifetime. Film theory declared that the dark corrosion products containing bilayer of MgO and Mg(OH)2 films form on the corroded surface of magnesium were believed to exhibit enhanced catalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution as well. In addition, this declaration has been proved experimentally: hydrogen evolution rate on the dark corroded regions was faster than that on the uncorroded regions at free corrosion, especially at the boundaries of the corroded/uncorroded regions. However, the latest experiments demonstrated that the increase in cathodic activity of the corroded regions during anodic polarization provided a minor contribution to the increase in hydrogen evolution rate during anodic polarization, and rather the enhanced hydrogen evolution at anodic potentials (NDE) was dominated by the regions where the net anodic reaction occurred. Assuming that enrichment of impurities such as Fe and Mg atoms took place in corrosion products of Mg. It is believed that Fe enrichment was capable of enhancing catalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution. There were indeed evidences (microscope images) showing the enrichment of Fe atoms around the interface of metal/solution. Unfortunately, the accumulation of these atoms on the electrode only contributed to a very small part to hydrogen evolution in NDE in further studies. Further, some researchers asserted the great possibility of the existence of MgH2 which had a similar mechanism of NDE to univalent Mg+. Still, the experimental existence and stability of such intermediate agents were of great concern. Another study proposed a theory that H2O molecules were always of absorption and desorption on Mg electrode, which provided sufficient H atoms for NDE to take place. Though all these assumptions contributed to explaining the NDE phenomenon to some extent, they were still not so reasonable to be generally accepted. At last, it was pointed that the future development direction of the NDE phenomenon by using advanced in-situ electrochemistry techniques and adjusting the electrochemical parameters, to expect a reasonable NDE mechanism, further to develop the corrosion theory of metals.

Scientists have accumulated considerable experience in the study of the concept of “linguistic contacts”. Multidimensionality and multifunctionality of this phenomenon, its research in various fields of scientific knowledge determine the existence of various interpretations of this concept, each of which reflects its different points. The analysis of scientific works by Chinese, Russian, Western scientists in which the understanding of the concept of “linguistic contacts” is presented, made it possible to identify the following aspects in the interpretation of this concept: an emphasis on linguistic interaction and interaction in the process of linguistic contact; definition of linguistic contacts as an interaction between languages as a result of the interaction of communities speaking these languages; the study of linguistic contacts in the aspect of the existing variety of linguistic phenomena caused by the contact of languages. The paper defines the essential characteristics of the pidgin, identifies the factors of occurrence and features of the Russian-Chinese pidgin. Based on the analysis of scientific approaches to the study of pidgin, the reasons for their appearance, conditions of functioning, it was concluded that the main factor in the emergence of the Russian-Chinese pidgin was border trade, which occupied a special place in relations between Russia and China.The research materials can be applied in studying the features of language contacts, the interaction between Russia and China.

Bone tissue engineering, as an emerging method for the treatment of jaw defects caused by oral and maxillofacial trauma, inflammation, tumors and other diseases, has been a research hotspot due to its advantages of wide sources of materials, low risk of immune rejection and personalized treatment. However, due to functional activities such as chewing and expression in the oral and maxillofacial regions, the mechanical strength of scaffolds is highly required. A single component of scaffolds can not fully meet the requirements of oral and maxillofacial bone defect repair. In this paper, the methods of strengthening the mechanical strength of jaw bone tissue engineering scaffolds are summarized by summarizing the research on strengthening the mechanical strength of scaffolds in recent years. A review of the literature showed that, composite modification, crosslinking, coating, bionic scaffolding and other new processing methods have been used to enhance the mechanical strength of scaffolds. Among these studies, research on compound modification occurred the earliest. Although this process is simple, other substances have been introduced to increase the number of degradation products, and the compounding ratio needs to be adjusted. The crosslinking method has the risk of cytotoxicity due to the use of crosslinking agents; the coating method does not change the original structure and only changes the surface modification; however, it can be better utilized if the problem of stress concentration between interfaces is solved. Biomimetic scaffolds and microregulatory scaffolds are emerging technologies in recent years that can improve the internal molecular arrangement of materials, thus enhancing mechanical strength. Therefore, on the basis of perfecting the traditional method, future research will focus on new nanoscale materials, bionic scaffolds and new methods for the precise control of scaffold microstructure.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of bedside ultrasound measurement of optic nervesheath diameter (ONSD) in the prognosis of severe traumatic brainin jury (sTBI). Methods Atotal of 78 sTBI patients admitted to Department of Neurosurgery ICU of He'nan Provincial People's Hospital from April 2017 to April 2019 were enrolled. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring probe was placed when the patient was admitted, and bedside ultrasound was used to detect the ONSD. The values of ONSD in supine position and 30° head⁃up position, 30min before and after ventilation, and 30min before and after mannitol treatment were observed and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive value of ONSD for unfavourable prognosis of sTBI patients. Results The mean ICP in unfavourable prognosis group [Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score 1-3] was higher than that in favourable prognosis group (GOS score 4-5; t=2.111, P=0.038). After 30° head⁃up position, 30 min after ventilation and mannitol treatment, the values of ONSD were lower than supine position (F=6.644, P= 0.012),and30 min befor eventilation (F=4.492, P=0.037) and mannitol treatment (F=5.552, P=0.021), and ONSD in unfavourable prognosis group were higher than those in favourable prognosis group (posture change: F=16.751, P=0.000; ventilation treatment: F=29.776, P=0.000; application of mannitol: F= 12.465, P=0.002). There was a positive correlation between ONSD and ICP (r=0.691, P=0.000). ONSD at 5.53 mm was the optimal threshold for unfavourable prognosis, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.776 (95%CI: 0.826-0.978, P =0.000). The sensitivity was 91.52% and the specificity was 87.14%. Conclusions Dynamic detection of ONSD by bedside ultrasound is helpful to evaluate the prognosis of sTBI, and guide the precise treatment of severe ICP. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.08.006

Multi-aspect SAR is a new SAR mode that has two advantages, i.e., long-term observations and a large synthetic-aperture azimuth angle. Previous studies have reported that these unique advantages enable even single-channel systems to have a relatively strong capability for detecting moving targets, i.e., multi-aspect SAR expands and improves the moving-target-related capabilities of the earlier SAR satellite system without increasing its complexity. As such, multi-aspect SAR-GMTI has become a trending topic for research. After reviewing the recent progress and research basis of multi-aspect SAR-GMTI, in this paper, we present our research on the Gaofen-3 SAR, which includes: moving-target detection methods that use the staring spotlight mode, dual-channels GMTI mode, and the dual-channel spotlight GMTI mode. With the results obtained by this research, we hope to establish a basis for the engineering implementation of current and future spaceborne single-channel SAR-GMTI modes and the design of a future spaceborne multi-aspect SAR mode capable of retrieving time-series and dynamic scene information.

In this paper, the preparation methods of porous silicon nitride materials with controllable dielectric constant and pore structure were systematically studied. By using microwave sintering technology, porous silicon nitride materials with high closed pore ratio were prepared by adjusting the content of sintering additives and sintering process parameters, and controlling the grain boundary phase and pore structure and size. The effects of sintering conditions on the total porosity, closed porosity, pore structure and dielectric properties of materials were systematically studied. Keywords: Porous silicon nitride ceramics, Microwave sintering technology, Agglomeration process, Law of influence

The skull defects are challenging to self-heal, and autologous bone graft repair has numerous drawbacks. The scaffolds for the rapid and effective repair of skull defects have become an important research topic. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP) composite scaffolds containing icariin (ICA) were prepared through direct-ink three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. β-TCP in the composite scaffold had osteoconductive capability, and the ICA molecule had osteoinductive capacity. The β-TCP and ICA components in the composite scaffold can enhance the capability to repair skull defects. We show that ICA exhibited a slow-release behaviour within 80 days. This behaviour helped the scaffold to continuously stimulate the formation of new bone. The results of in vitro cell compatibility experiments showed that the addition of ICA molecules contributed to the adhesion and proliferation of MC-3T3-E1 cells. The level of alkaline phosphatase secretion demonstrated that the slow release of ICA can promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC-3T3-E1 cells. The introduction of ICA molecules accelerated the in situ bone regeneration in in vivo. It is concluded that the 3D-printed PVA scaffold with β-TCP and ICA has a wide range of potential applications in the field of skull defect treatment.