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In large public facilities, such as airport terminals or open-plan office spaces, the HVAC system typically consumes substantial amounts of energy. However, individuals often gather at specific areas while other zones are occupied by transient or occasional users. To minimize operational energy usage, this paper aims to reduce thermal comfort demands in non-targeted areas. This paper introduces a method for regulating the thermal environment around occupants exclusively in the variable-air-volume (VAV) air conditioning running mode. The investigation utilizes Airpak modeling and experimental verification techniques. Additionally, an analysis of temperature field and velocity field distributions within the room under the "personal space" operation mode is presented. The results suggest that adjusting the numbers of air vents, openings, airflow velocities, and air supply orientations can establish a comfortable thermal environment for inhabitants and reduce the overall ADPI value. The combined air supply mode leads to a 16.7% reduction in power usage compared to traditional full-space operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell-free RNA (cfRNA) allows assessment of health, status, and phenotype of a variety of human organs and is a potential biomarker to non-invasively diagnose numerous diseases. Nevertheless, there is a lack of highly efficient and bias-free cfRNA isolation technologies due to the low abundance and instability of cfRNA. Here, we developed a reproducible and high-efficiency isolation technology for different types of cell-free nucleic acids (containing cfRNA and viral RNA) in serum/plasma based on the inclusion of nucleic acids by metal-organic framework (MOF) materials, which greatly improved the isolation efficiency and was able to preserve RNA integrity compared with the most widely used research kit method. Importantly, the quality of cfRNA extracted by the MOF method is about 10-fold that of the kit method, and the MOF method isolates more than three times as many different RNA types as the kit method. The whole transcriptome mapping characteristics of cfRNA in serum from patients with liver cancer was described and a cfRNA signature with six cfRNAs was identified to diagnose liver cancer with high diagnostic efficiency (area under curve = 0.905 in the independent validation cohort) using this MOF method. Thus, this new MOF isolation technique will advance the field of liquid biopsy, with the potential to diagnose liver cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(A) The expression of the FTO gene shows significant down-regulation in patients with T2D+AMI, relative to patients with T2D (***p < 0.001). N6-methyladenine profiling of low-input multiplex clinical samples on transcriptome reveals RNA modifications implicated in type 2 diabetes and acute myocardial infarction (J) The volcano plot shows m6A enriched genes in T2D+AMI samples and T2D samples. (H) The histogram shows a globally higher m6A modification level in patients with T2D+AMI, relative to patients with T2D. [Extracted from the article]

Hundreds of modified bases have been identified and enzymatically modified to transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to regulate RNA function in various organisms. 2-Methylthio- N 6 -isopentenyladenosine (ms 2 i 6 A), a hypermodified base found at tRNA position 37, exists in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. ms 2 i 6 A is traditionally identified by separating and digesting each tRNA from total RNA using RNA mass spectrometry. A transcriptome-wide and single-base resolution method that enables absolute mapping of ms 2 i 6 A along with analysis of its distribution in different RNAs is lacking. Here, through chemoselective methylthio group bioconjugation, we introduce a new approach ( re dox a ctivated c hemical t agging seq uencing, ReACT-seq) to detect ms 2 i 6 A transcriptome-wide at single-base resolution. Using the chemoselectivity between the methylthio group and oxaziridine group, ms 2 i 6 A is bio-orthogonally tagged with an azide group without interference of canonical nucleotides, advancing enrichment of methylthio group modified RNAs prior to sequencing. ReACT-seq was demonstrated on nine known tRNAs and proved to be highly accurate, and the reverse transcription stop (RT-stop) character enables ReACT-seq detection at single-base resolution. In addition, ReACT-seq identified that the modification of ms 2 i 6 A is conservative and may not exist in other RNAs.

Studies of chemical modifications on RNA have ushered in the field of epitranscriptomics. N 6 -Methyladenosine (m 6 A) is the most typical RNA modification and is indispensable for basic biological processes. This study presents a chemical pulldown method (m 6 A-ORL-Seq) for transcriptome-wide profiling of m 6 A. Moreover, chemical labeling results in a specific reverse transcription (RT) truncation signature. This study has identified four thousand high-confidence m 6 A sites at single-base resolution in the human transcriptome. Unlike previously reported methods based on m 6 A-antibody or m 6 A-sensitive enzymes, the antibody/enzyme-free chemical method provides a new perspective for single-base m 6 A detection at the transcriptome level., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)