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Before they begin in deep my topic, I will like to define what is a project life cycle? And what are the four stages of the project life cycle? The project life cycle is a 4-step framework designed to help project managers guide their projects successfully from start to finish. The purpose of the project life cycle is to create an easy to follow framework to guide projects.&nbsp

The goal of this study was to examine the lived experiences and perceptions of female drug offenders in a community programme, with an emphasis on the role of the family in their desistance. Female...

Aims: This study evaluated determinants that influence choice of Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices among smallholder farmers in Masaba South sub-county, Kisii, Kenya. Study Design: This study used a multivariate probit model to evaluate determinants that influence farmers’ choice of CSA practices. Place and Duration of Study: Masaba South sub-county, Kisii, Kenya between the second week of April 2019 and the last week of May 2019. Methodology: Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from 196 households, 3 focused group discussions and 7 key informant interviews. Information such as socio-economic, land ownership, climate change perception, crop production practices and institutional characteristics were collected from the households. Results: The results showed that crop diversification, change of crop varieties and crop rotation and/or mixed cropping are the dominant adaptation strategies in the study area. Access to credit, farm income, climate change perception and household size have a significant positive influence on adoption of most CSA practices. Small-sized farms, lack of access to extension services, level of education and inaccessibility to weather and climate information were major barriers influencing adoption of CSA practices. Conclusion: To reduce vulnerability of smallholder farmers to impacts of climate variability and change, the study recommends the need to enhance increased access to extension services and timely dissemination of climate information to farmers in the form they can easily understand and decode.

This PhD project has dealt with modern benthic foraminifera of Brunei from the nearshore shallow shelf locality and offshore carbonate atolls as well as fossil benthic foraminifera from an onshore locality. Identification of benthic foraminifera from both modern and fossil localities was done by assessing their taxonomy and systematics within the Indo-Pacific region. The importance of Brunei in the Indo-Pacific region was due to the fact that it is located at the edge of the Coral Triangle, which is the modern marine biodiversity hotspot of today. Benthic foraminifera from Brunei were understudied and recent findings have shown promising results on Brunei?s benthic foraminifera diversity. Within the modern localities, a total of 231 species of benthic foraminifera are found nearshore Brunei and 60 species on the carbonate atolls. There are species of benthic foraminifera from the modern localities which have shown different patterns of distribution as a result of environmental parameters such as substrate type, light intensity and hydrodynamics which change in different trophic conditions. The results revealed the difference in distribution of key species, Operculina ammonoides, Amphisorus hemprichii and Parasorites orbitolitoides from both nearshore Brunei and carbonate atolls. Furthermore, there are also other species of larger benthic foraminifera that have different depth distributions in both nearshore Brunei and carbonate atolls from the family Calcarinidae, Amphisteginidae and Nummulitidae. Smaller benthic foraminifera such as Pseudorotalia and Asterorotalia which are found in the nearshore locality display different depth distributions due to the difference in sediment composition. Therefore, these results can be used to compare benthic foraminifera distribution from different trophic conditions in carbonate and mixed carbonate-siliciclastic environments. A study conducted on fossil locality in the Lumapas area in the Brunei-Muara district observed the presence of larger benthic foraminifera. Geologically, Brunei?s sedimentology is mainly made up of sandstone and clay but only one locality with a limestone bed was found. From the available thin sections, only one species of larger benthic foraminifera was present and identified from the genus Miogypsina and its taxonomy was determined by comparing other conducted studies within the region. Similarly, to Miogypsina, there were different genera of corals identified from the Lumapas limestone bed which have been known to live in turbid water conditions. These results have provided insight of possible palaeoenviornmental conditions in Lumapas. However, more sampling and observation is required to further understand Brunei?s paleoenvironment during the Miocene in a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic condition. Subsequently, other projects have been simultaneously conducted towards the development of understanding the palaeoenvironment of Brunei by assessing modern and fossil localities. A study made on two transects (Muara and Tutong) focused on the sedimentological characterization throughout the core samples with depth whereby both transects have shown different sediment compositions which have been influenced by the river discharging fine sediments from inland towards the marine shelf. Biogenic components were also studied from both transects where benthic foraminifera flourish and it was found that they have different distributional patterns due to varying sediment compositions despite their presence at the same depth in both transects. This led to the building of a taxonomic data of benthic foraminifera within the shelf environment of Brunei in addition to the studies made on benthic foraminifera from reef and wreck sites in the same area. A study was also conducted on fossil localities onshore Brunei for their palaeontological and sedimentological characteristics where fossil foraminifera have been reported. The fossil localities are made up of different environments from shoreface to offshore marine settings where different genera of rotaliids were found. The genera found are Elphidium, Bolivina, Ammonia, Pseudorotalia, Asterorotalia and Operculina which have been known to be associated with muddy to sandy sediments where these rotaliids are also present today in the modern marine waters of Brunei. There is also a study on Palynology that was carried out by using pollen and spores for palaeoenvironment interpretation and although this study does not relate to foraminifera, it has played a role in further understanding the past environment of Brunei during the Neogene. These onshore fossil localities have an origin of a mangrove to marine environmental setting which can also be observed in Brunei today. Therefore, with all these studies integrated together, by studying both modern and fossil localities of Brunei, these results could give the complete representation on the palaeoenvironment of Brunei during the Neogene. Rotaliids have been very important in determining the palaeoenvironment as they have shed a light on how their depth distribution can vary depending on substrate type, light intensity and water movement in different trophic conditions. Having a taxonomic baseline of benthic foraminifera spanning from different marine environments such as the marine shelf, reefs, lagoons, deltas within various depths that consists of different substrate composition in a fully carbonate or mixed siliciclastic condition can be used as a guide for future studies within the region and can be used in unlocking and understanding the environmental variations of Brunei in the past.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assist the Malaysian electronics companies in reducing the non-value added practices and in return, will minimize the cost and improves productivity with the use of the fingerprint system. Methodology: This study uses a quantitative research approach and data were sampled from 137 front-line employees using simple random sampling technique. Result: The empirical findings of the study confirm that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use significantly affect the intention to use the fingerprint system. However, there was not enough evidence that relative advantage has any effect on the intention to use the system. Implications: The study results affirmed that business organizations, especially electronic companies should transform their use of conventional attendance system to fingerprint system in improving efficiencies and effectiveness within the human resource practices.

Eleven noteworthy liverworts are reported from Brunei, Indonesia (Seram), and Malaysia (Sabah). Cololejeunea koponenii and Allorgella zantenii previously endemic to New Guinea are newly reported for Indonesia. The poorly known monospecific genus (Cephalolejeunea) is new to Brunei. Cololejeunea streimannii previously known only from Papua New Guinea is newly found in Borneo. Cheilolejeunea obcordata is discovered for the first time except for the type locality. Porella geheebii is new to Seram. Oil bodies of Cephalolejeunea parvilobula, Cheilolejeunea obcordata, Cololejeunea koponenii, C. streimannii, Leptolejeunea spinistipula, and Pictolejeunea mizutanii are reported for the first time. The photographs of Allorgella zantenii, Cephalolejeunea parvilobula, Cheilolejeunea obcordata, Cololejeunea koponenii, Drepanolejeunea blumei., and Porella geheebii are provided.

Summary A comparative study of four Malayan ferns, Christensenia aesculifolia (Bl.) Maxon, Tectaria singaporeana (Wall.) Ching, Abacopteris multilineata (Wall.) Ching and Hymenophyllum polyanthos Sw. from shady habitats and another four, Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.) Und., Lygodium scandens (L.) Sw., Blechnum orientate Linn, and Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.) Bedd. from sunlit habitats showed that the total chlorophyll content expressed on a gram fresh weight basis was greater in the shade ferns. There was little difference in the chlorophyll content between the sun and shade ferns when it was expressed on a per unit leaf area basis. The protein and protohaem content was greater in the sun ferns. Measurements of the in vitro photochemical activities of the photosystems I and II in isolated chloroplasts by means of an oxygen electrode showed higher rates in the sun ferns. As determined by spectrophotometric analysis, the photosynthetic cytochrome content from isolated chloroplasts was greater in the sun ferns. The results indicate that the sun ferns have physiological characteristics favouring greater capacity for photosynthesis. Mitochondria isolated from the sun ferns showed faster rates of electron transport using exogenous NADH as substrate.

Vitalianthus R.M.Schust. & Giancotti (Lejeuneaceae), previously known only from the Neotropics and Southwestern China, is a small genus with three species. A fourth species, Vitalianthus lamyii, is newly described based on collections made in lowland rainforests of Brunei Darussalam, Borneo. This is the first record of Vitalianthus from Sundaland. A key to species of Vitalianthus is provided.

Private universities in Malaysia are facing difficulties in retaining Generation Y academics due to divergence in attributions with leadership styles (head of department). In this study, 150 academics were participated to determine patterns of attributions most suited transformational leadership style by using association rules technique. Results showed all the attributions have met the minimum support level which is 30% except for four attributions (seek new ways to solve problems, creative and rethinker); however according to association rules technique, these attributes have shown a unique finding whereby it found strongly significant relationship with intellectual stimulation leadership style. As a result, apart from 150, 76 Generation Y academics have chosen intellectual stimulation leadership style as their choice.

Aim of this study is to indicate the elements that affect the jobseekers’ intention to use JobsMalaysia system. The research analyzed the relationship between five variables perceive usefulness, perceive compatibility, perceive ease of use, attitude toward using and intention to use Jobs Malaysia system. Throughout the study, three hypotheses are not supported and has no significant relationship out of total eight hypothesis tested in this study, which is the correlation between perceived compatibility and attitude towards using, perceived ease of use and attitude towards using, perceived ease of use and Intention to use JobsMalaysia system. The findings have highlighted that the information in JobsMalaysia are not compatible to the expectations of the user. Significant indicators towards the intention to use Jobs Malaysia system are provided by researchers to help the government in understanding how the job seeker accept and adopt such the system. Besides, several limitations and recommendation had been suggested by the researchers for future researchers to refer.