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PURPOSE To ascertain if preoperative short-term radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy is not inferior to a standard schedule of long-term chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with distal or middle-third, clinical primary tumor stage 3-4 and/or regional lymph node–positive rectal cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) to short-term radiotherapy (25 Gy in five fractions over 1 week) followed by four cycles of chemotherapy (total neoadjuvant therapy [TNT]) or chemoradiotherapy (50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks, concurrently with capecitabine [chemoradiotherapy; CRT]). Total mesorectal excision was undertaken 6-8 weeks after preoperative treatment, with two additional cycles of CAPOX (intravenous oxaliplatin [130 mg/m2, once a day] on day 1 and capecitabine [1,000 mg/m2, twice a day] from days 1 to 14) in the TNT group and six cycles of CAPOX in the CRT group. The primary end point was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS Between August 2015 and August 2018, a total of 599 patients were randomly assigned to receive TNT (n = 302) or CRT (n = 297). At a median follow-up of 35.0 months, 3-year DFS was 64.5% and 62.3% in TNT and CRT groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.883; one-sided 95% CI, not applicable to 1.11; P < .001 for noninferiority). There was no significant difference in metastasis-free survival or locoregional recurrence, but the TNT group had better 3-year overall survival than the CRT group (86.5% v 75.1%; P = .033). Treatment effects on DFS and overall survival were similar regardless of prognostic factors. The prevalence of acute grade III-V toxicities during preoperative treatment was 26.5% in the TNT group versus 12.6% in the CRT group ( P < .001). CONCLUSION Short-term radiotherapy with preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery was efficacious with acceptable toxicity and could be used as an alternative to CRT for locally advanced rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To explore the risk factors of splenic vessel preservation in laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) and to guide with the appropriate selection of surgical methods through three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. METHODS Patients suffering from benign or low-grade malignant tumors of pancreatic body and tail having undergone LDP in Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital from January 2014 to September 2019 were selected for quantitative analysis of the anatomical data of patients' pancreas, tumors, splenic vessels and spleens by 3D reconstruction. According to the final surgical methods, the patients were divided into the laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with splenic vessel preservation (lap-SVP) group and the non-lap-SVP group. Clinical data of the two groups were compared to assess the risk factors for surgical failure of lap-SVP and logistic regression model was applied to predict the choice of surgical methods. RESULTS A total of 218 patients were included in the study, including 144 in the lap-SVP group and 74 in the non-lap-SVP group. Multivariate analysis confirms that large tumor volume, large contact area between the pancreas to be resected and the splenic vein, and large maximum ratio of the circumference of the splenic vessel embedded in the pancreas to be resected to the circumference of the splenic vessel are independent risk factors for surgical failure of lap-SVP (OR > 1, P

Rapid preparation of nanocrystalline γ-Fe2O3 powder with superparamagnetism was realized by cryomilling commercial Fe2O3 powder using liquid nitrogen. The effects of milling temperature and duration on the grain size, phase and microstructure of the nanocrystalline Fe2O3 powder were analyzed. Magnetic property of the nanocrystalline γ-Fe2O3 powder was also tested by magnetometer at room temperature. The results demonstrate that nanocrystalline γ-Fe2O3 powder with single phase can be prepared rapidly by cryomilling with liquid nitrogen. The mean particle size of γ-Fe2O3 powder can be reduced from 300 nm to 13 nm by cryomilling at −130 °C within 3 hours. The nanocrystalline γ-Fe2O3 powder shows superparamagnetism at room temperature.

We report on the synthesis of two acentric and one centrosymmetric Zn metal–organic complexes with 3-tetrazolemethyl pyridine spacers obtained in situ by hydrothermal routes. X-ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that they have the same equivalent nodes but with dissimilar topologies. The two acentric frameworks [Zn(Tzmp)Cl]n (1) and ([Zn(Tzmp)Br]n (2), HTzmp = 3-tetrazolemethyl pyridine) are isomorphism which exhibit an acentric 3D framework with (10, 3)-b net called “ths”, while the centrosymmetric complex ([Zn(Tzmp)N3]n (3)) features a distinctive 2D sheet with Shubnikov hexagonal plane net. Photo-luminescent studies suggest the ligand-field strength of coordinated negative ions (Cl− > Br− > N3−) has ordered adjusting effects on the emission redshift. The second harmonic generation (SHG) measurement shows that compounds 1 and 2 are nonlinear optically active, with SHG responses being 2/3 and half of the standard potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP), respectively.

To study the effects of aerobic exercise combined withFifty-five male Wistar rats were subjected to adaptive feeding for 4 days and weight-free swimming training for 3 days, 20 min/d. After eliminating 5 rats that were not suitable for swimming training, the others were randomly divided into 5 groups according to their weight: regular diet + quiet control group (RDC), high fat diet + quiet control group (HDC), high-fat diet +Compared with group RDC, Lee's index, serum free fatty acids (FFA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), myocardial FFA and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) increased significantly (Aerobic exercise and/or目的: 研究有氧运动联合黑果枸杞对高脂膳食大鼠心肌脂代谢某些指标的影响。方法: 55只雄性Wistar大鼠经过适应性饲养4 d后进行20 min/d的无负重游泳训练,连续3 d,筛选淘汰5只不适应游泳训练的大鼠后,按体重以数字随机分组法分为5组:普通膳食+安静组(RDC组)、高脂膳食+安静组(HDC组)、高脂膳食+黑果枸杞+安静组(HDLC组)、高脂膳食+有氧运动组(HDM组)、高脂膳食+黑果枸杞+有氧运动组(HDLM),每组10只。HDM组和HDLM组进行6周每周6次60 min/d的无负重游泳训练。RDC组大鼠以普通饲料常规喂养;其余各组以高脂饲料喂养;HDLC组和HDLM组大鼠灌胃黑果枸杞,灌胃剂量为4.48 g/(kg·d),灌胃体积为5 ml/kg,其余各组灌胃等量蒸馏水。6周后,测定大鼠Lee’s指数,取血、心肌检测相关生化指标。结果: 与RDC组比较,HDC组Lee’s指数,血清FFA、TNF-α、IL-6、TC、TG、LDL-C,心肌FFA、ICAM-1显著升高(

Background: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by mutations in ALDH18A1 have been reported as spastic paraplegia 9 (SPG9), with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive transmission (SPG9A and SPG9B). SPG9 is rare and has shown phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity in previous reports. Methods: This study screened ALDH18A1 mutations in autosomal recessive HSP patients using combined whole exome sequencing and RNA splicing analysis. We conducted in silico investigations, co-segregation analysis, and ELISA-based analysis of P5CS (Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase; encoded by ALDH18A1) concentration to validate the pathogenicity of the detected ALDH18A1 variants. All previously reported bi-allelic ALDH18A1 mutations and cases were reviewed to summarize the genetic and clinical features of ALDH18A1-related HSP. Results: A novel missense mutation c.880T>C, p.S294P and an intronic splicing mutation c.-28-13A>G were both detected in ALDH18A1 in an autosomal recessive family presenting with a complicated form HSP. ELISA assays revealed significantly decreased P5CS concentration in the proband's plasma compared with that in the healthy controls. Moreover, review of previously reported recessive cases showed that SPG9B patients in our cohort presented with milder symptoms, i.e., later age at onset and without cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The present study expands the genetic and clinical spectrum of SPG9B caused by ALDH18A1 mutation. Our work defines new genetic variants to facilitate future diagnoses, in addition to demonstrating the highly informative value of splicing mutation prediction in the characterization of disease-related intronic variants.

Reversible crystal state structural phase transitions molecular materials without metal have been received increasing interest recently. Here we successfully synthesized a novel ternary neutral co-crystallized organic adduct hexamethylenetetramine·1-adamantane carboxylic acid·chloroform, 1, which accompanies with an interesting reversible phase transition close to the zero temperature (263 K). We confirmed this reversible phase transition by its switchable thermal dielectric behaviors and unit cell constants anomalies around the phase transition temperature (Tc). X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis above (1-RTP) and below (1-LTP) Tc suggests that the order-disorder motion from the adamantane ring in 1-adamantane carboxylic acid triggered the reversible phase transition.

We experimentally study intracavity four-wave mixing (FWM) using Λ -type, three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) atoms confined in an optical ring cavity. The original dark-state peak disappears accompanying the generation of intracavity FWM when the coupling light is changed from traveling-wave to standing wave. Additionally, this FWM signal is on resonance with the optical cavity only when the coupling laser is detuned from the atomic resonance center, where the absorption is drastically reduced for both the probe and FWM fields. At last, we do theoretically analysis for the susceptibility of this composite atom–cavity system.

Basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (BHLHE40) is located in 3p26.1 and acts as a transcriptional repressor of the circadian rhythm by suppressing the expression of the clock genes and clock-controlled genes. Recent research indicated that BHLHE40 may be involved in regulating tumor cell progression. However the mechanism by which BHLHE40 regulates the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells is unclear. Our in vitro assays showed that BHLHE40 promoted tumor cell invasion while BHLHE40 silencing by siRNA suppressed tumor cell invasion of MCF-7 cells. BHLHE40 suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of CLDN1 CLDN4 and CDH1 and promoted the expression of SNAI1 and SNAI2. Reporter assays demonstrated that BHLHE40 suppressed CLDN1 transcription but not through direct binding to the E-box motifs in the CLDN1 promoter. Further studies demonstrated BHLHE40 suppressed CLDN1 transcription by preventing the interaction between SP1 and a specific motif within the promoter region of CLDN1. BHLHE40 could not further suppress CLDN1 transactivation after SP1 siRNA transfection that is, BHLHE40-induced suppression of CLDN1 relied on SP1. Furthermore our data indicated that SP1 was a major regulator of CLDN1 transcription by binding to a specific motif that was located at -233 to -61 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Immunoprecipitation and co-localization data revealed an interaction between BHLHE40 and SP1. By constructing deletion mutants we found that the BHLH and Orange regions are both essential for the BHLHE40-SP1 interaction. BHLHE40 probably acts as an inhibitory nuclear cofactor or perhaps recruits other inhibitory cofactors to inhibit the SP1-mediated CLDN1 transactivation. These results suggest that BHLHE40 facilitates cell invasion and may be used as a novel target for breast cancer prevention and treatment.

Purpose This study reports a case of primary mucinous carcinoma of the thyroid gland with signet-ring-cell differentiation, and reviews the literature to evaluate its real incidence and the prognosis of these patients. Patients and methods A 74-year-old Chinese woman, presenting with a mass in the right lobe of thyroid gland, came to the hospital. Computed tomography revealed a mass in the right lobe of the thyroid gland, accompanied with right neck lymphadenectasis and airway deviation caused by tumor compression. Thyroid imaging suggested a thyroid malignant tumor and suspicious lymph node metastasis. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by the tumor cells arranged in small nests or trabeculae with an abundant extracellular mucoid matrix. The tumor cells formed diffuse invasion among thyroid follicles. In the peripheral regions, prominent signet-ring-cells formed a sheet-like structure and extended into the extrathyroidal fat tissue. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and PAX8, while they were focally positive for pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and weakly expressed thyroglobulin. Results Based on the histological features and immunohistochemical profile, a diagnosis of primary mucinous carcinoma of the thyroid gland with signet-ring-cell differentiation was rendered. Conclusion Using a panel of immunohistochemical markers may be helpful for differential diagnosis and for determining whether the tumor is primary or not.

Herein, the crystallization behavior, thermal stability, phase composition, and magnetic properties of Co66.5Si15.5B12Fe4Ni2 amorphous alloy were determined via differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The heating rate was found to strongly affect the glass-transition and crystallization behavior of Co66.5Si15.5B12Fe4Ni2 solidified ribbon. Based on the crystallization behavior, the relationship between the glass-transition temperature (Tg) and the heating rate (lnβ) was derived as Tg = 6lnβ + 709 and the glass-transition activation energy, initial crystallization activation energy, first crystallization peak activation energy, and the second crystallization peak activation energy were also calculated. Based on the results, the nucleation mechanism of the crystallization of Co66.5Si15.5B12Fe4Ni2 amorphous alloy and the crystallization products of the annealing crystallization process were discussed. The phase composition after short-term annealing at a low temperature was found to be β-Co + α-Co + Ni3Fe + Ni4B + Ni2Si. Following high-temperature, long-term annealing, Ni2Si disappeared completely and a new phase, FeSi, was formed. By studying the coercivity, remanence, saturation magnetization, and magnetic anisotropy of the alloy, we obtained the best processing parameters for comprehensive soft magnetic properties. The results provide guidance on the development of new soft magnetic materials.

Dielectric relaxations have widely applied on high permittivity capacitors, dielectric switches, ferroelectrics, pyroelectrics, and electrical insulating materials. However, few investigations of large dielectric relaxation behaviors on organic–inorganic hybrid materials have been documented before. Here we present a novel two-dimensional succinimide lithium(I) hybrid compound, [Li(PDD)2ClO4]n, 1, (PDD = 2,5-pyrrolidinedione = succinimide) which shows reversible phase transition behavior in the vicinity of 228 K accompanied by an unusual symmetry breaking from I41/amd to C2/c. X-ray single crystal diffractions analysis indicates the twist motion of pyrrolidine heterocycles, and order–disorder motion of ClO4– anions triggered the reversible phase transition. By means of an intuitive crystallographic model (rattling ion model), we further illustrated the mechanism of the interesting reversible phase transition. Particularly, 1 shows ultralarge dielectric relaxation behavior in the vicinity of the phase tran...

Solid-to solid-state reversible phase transitions are widely used in switchable dielectrics, ferroelectrics, piezoelectrics, and pyroelectric and non-linear optical materials. Herein we report a new crown ether clathrate, [Habf-(18-crown-6)1.5]+ [PF6]- (Habf = p-ammonium benzene formamide) which shows an interesting reversible phase transition near room temperature (263 K). X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis shows that the synergetic rotation motion between the 18-crown-6 crown ethers and the order-disorder motions of both hexafluorophosphate guest anions and 18-crown-6 crown ether host molecules lead to the phase transition. This reversible phase transition is confirmed by an evident thermal anomaly behavior around 263 K. The apparent step-like dielectric change around the phase transition indicates that it has potential application in dielectric switches.

Hot atoms can exhibit non-magnetic optical non-reciprocal transmission due to their chiral properties, which are characteristic of most alkali metal atoms. In fact, the nonreciprocity in hot atoms depends on the propagation direction of the coupling field due to the Doppler effect. Herein, the reciprocal to non-reciprocal conversion based on the single- and double-dark states is realized by controlling the bidirectional coupling fields in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparent medium coupled with a ring cavity. Tuning the frequency difference between the two coupling fields causes the multi-frequency-channel reciprocity and nonreciprocity manipulation to occur. The experimental proof can be applied to quantum communications and quantum networks, such as optical transistors, all-optical switching or routing and logic gate operation.

In a Λ-type three-level atomic system coupled by an off-resonant standing-wave, the reflected four-wave mixing (FWM) spectrum is studied. It shows that the maximum reflection efficiency occurs when both of the coupling and probe fields are tuned off resonances from the atomic transitions. The essence of enhanced reflection is that the nonlinear efficiency of the FWM based on coherent atoms is improved due to the significant reduction of phase mismatch. The theoretical analysis shows good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the influence of the atomic number density on the coupling frequency detuning of the optimum reflection efficiency and the linewidth are also investigated.

Molecular ferroelectrics have displayed a promising future since they are light-weight, flexible, environmentally friendly and easily synthesized, compared to traditional inorganic ferroelectrics. However, how to precisely design a molecular ferroelectric from a non-ferroelectric phase transition molecular system is still a great challenge. Here we designed and constructed a molecular ferroelectric by double regulation of the anion and cation in a simple crown ether clathrate, 4, [K(18-crown-6)]+ [PF6 ]- . By replacing K+ and PF6- with H3 O+ and [FeCl4 ]- respectively, we obtained a new molecular ferroelectric [H3 O(18-crown-6)]+ [FeCl4 ]- , 1. Compound 1 undergoes a para-ferroelectric phase transition near 350 K with symmetry change from P21/n to the Pmc21 space group. X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis suggests that the phase transition was mainly triggered by the displacement motion of H3 O+ and [FeCl4 ]- ions and twist motion of 18-crown-6 molecule. Strikingly, compound 1 shows high a Curie temperature (350 K), ultra-strong second harmonic generation signals (nearly 8 times of KDP), remarkable dielectric switching effect and large spontaneous polarization. We believe that this research will pave the way to design and build high-quality molecular ferroelectrics as well as their application in smart materials.

To explore the safety and feasibility of intraoperative, intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy with lobaplatin for colorectal cancer (CRC).From November 1, 2016 to January 15, 2017, a total of 100 patients with CRC in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, who had undergone radical surgery, were randomized into two groups as follows: the lobaplatin group (50 patients) and the control group (50 patients). The time of recovery of postoperative intestinal functions, hematotoxicity, hepatic-renal toxicity, and postoperative complications were observed and analyzed, with the goal of exploring the safety and feasibility of the drug administration.The time to first gas exhaust in lobaplatin and the control group was 3.08 days and 3.20 days, respectively (p=0.392). The time of defecation in lobaplatin and the control group was 4.38 days and 4.50 days, respectively (p=0.524). There was no statistically significant difference between them in terms of the time of gas exhaust and defecation. One case with intra-abdominal hemorrhage, 1 case with anastomotic leakage, 3 cases with incision complication, 1 case with adhesive intestinal obstruction, and 1 case with pulmonary infection occurred in lobaplatin group compared to 1 case with anastomotic bleeding, 1 case with anastomotic leakage, 2 cases with incision complication, 2 cases with adhesive intestinal obstruction, 2 cases with pulmonary infection, and 1 case with lymphatic fistulas occurred in control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the total incidence of postoperative complications (p=0.790). No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of leukocyte and platelet levels on the first, third, and fifth postoperative day. There was also no statistically significant difference in terms of platelet level 2 weeks after surgery. Both the lobaplatin and control group had 2 cases with postoperative abnormal hepatic-renal function. A total of 6 cases in the lobaplatin group and 7 cases in the control group developed gastrointestinal reactions, showing no statistically significant difference (p=0.766).Intraoperative intraperitoneal perfusion chemotherapy with lobaplatin showed no effect on short-term recovery in patients with CRC.

To study the effects and mechanisms of curcumin alleviating oxidative stress induced by overtraining and inhibiting renal apoptosis in rats.Male Wistar rats of 7 weeks old were divided into control group (C group, 12), overtraining group (OM group, 11), curcumin + overtraining group (COM group, 14). Group C did not undergo any exercise intervention. Rats in OM group and COM group underwent 8-week incremental load swimming training. During the training, the COM group was treated with curcumin at the dose of 200 mg/(kg·d) in the volume as 5 ml/kg by intragastric administration, and the other groups was treated with an equal volume of 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose. Twenty-four hours after the last training, renal histopathological changes were observed by light microscopy, related biochemical indicators in blood and renal tissue were detected.The results showed that after 8 weeks of incremental load swimming training, the renal tissue structure of group C was normal under light microscope; histopathological changes were observed in OM group; COM group was significantly relieved compared with OM group. Compared with group C, serum levels of corticosterone (Cor), creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in OM group were increased (The 8-week incremental load swimming training triggered excessive training in rats, aggravated oxidative stress and accelerated renal apoptosis, leading to pathological changes and dysfunction of kidney. Curcumin can up-regulate expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, effectively alleviates oxidative stress induced by overtraining, thereby increasing Bcl-2 expression, decreasing Bax expression, inhibiting renal apoptosis and protecting renal tissue structure and function properly.

To study the effects of aerobic exercise combined with chlorella pyrenoidos of disintegrated cell wall on the lipid metabolism in rats with high-fat diet.Fifty-five male Wistar rats were subjected to adaptive feeding for 4 days and weight-free swimming training for 3 days, 20 min/d. After eliminating 5 rats that were not suitable for swimming training, the other rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to their body weight:control group (C group), high fat diet group (H group), high-fat diet + chlorella group(HC group), high fat diet + aerobic exercise group (HM group), high fat diet + chlorella + aerobic exercise group (HMC group), 10 in each group. The HM and HMC group were subjected to 60 min/d swimming training for 6 weeks with non-weight-bearing. Group C were fed regular diet. The other groups were fed with high-fat diet, the rats in group HC and HMC were intragastrically treated with chlorella pyrenoidos of disintegrated cell wall at the dose of 3.9 g/(kg·d), the volume was 5 ml/kg, and the other groups are given equivalent saline. The Lee's index and biochemical indexes of blood and liver were measured after 6 weeks.Compared with group C, Lee's index, serum levels of free fatty acids(FFA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), liver FFA and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were increased significantly (Aerobic exercise and chlorella pyrenoidos of disintegrated cell wall can improve lipid metabolism in rats with high-fat diet and reduce the lipid toxicity caused by obesity. Joint intervention is more effective than single intervention.

Objective This study was designed to investigate the effects of curcumin on inflammatory factors and ECM expression in exercise-induced renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Sixty 7-week-old male SD rats were divided randomly into three groups: group A (normal control group, n=12), group B (overtraining group, n=24) and group C (curcumin + overtraining group, n=24). Group B and C performed 6 weeks of incremental load training on the treadmill. 24 hours after the last training, the rats were anesthetized intraperitoneally, the morphology of renal tissue and the deposition of glomerular ECM were observed using light microscope，the related biochemical indexes were tested. Results (1) the renal structure of rats in group A were normal, histopathological changes were observed in group B and C, Paller score of group B were significantly higher than group A(P

Objective Silt diaphragm is the most important and bioactive membrane structure in the filtration barrier of kidney, and the root cause of proteinuria is the structural and functional abnormalities of Silt diaphragm. So far, there is little literature on the changes of silt diaphragm caused by overtraining. This research establishes a model of rats with exercise-induced proteinuria with long-term intensitive treadmill exercise, and it simulates the progressive-load training in the cycle of athletes. Histological and ultrastructural changes of kidney immediately and 24 h after exercise are observed, and it aims to analyze the change law of silt diaphragm during the occurrence of persistent proteinuria. Methods this study selects 36 Sprague-Dawley rats, which are randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group (group C, 12), a group drawn immediately after exercise(group EI, 12), a group drawn 24 h after exercise(group EA, 12). Group C does not train. The rats in group EI and EA train on the treadmill with an increasing load for 6 weeks(10% grade, 6 d/w): in the first week, the rats run for 10 min at 10 m/min. Starting from the second week, the running speed increases by 5m/min/w, and the training time increases by 30min/w. In the last week the rats run to exhaustion if they could not maintain the target intensity. Record the exhausting time of rats, then group EI and group EA are respectively drawn immediately and 24 hours after exercise. Observe the histological changes of renal glomerulus by optical microscope, and the ultrastructure of silt diaphragm by TEM. Detect urine total protein by BCA, serum and urine creatinine by Jaffe, serum testosterone and corticosterone by radioimmunoassay, serum urea by two-point dynamic method, and the expression of Nephrin by western-blot. Results The rats in group EI and EA gradually lose weight at the first weekend of training, and their weight drop significantly from the third weekend to the end, it shows a significant difference compared with group C(p0.05). Conclusions The rats suffer from overtraining syndrome caused by intensitive training, and with persistent proteinuria, their renal function is disordered and cannot be effectively recovered after 24 h rest. Meanwhile, the renal morphology and ultrastructure of silt diaphragm in rats undergo "pathogenical-like" changes, which do not significantly decrease with the extension of recovery time. It is revealed that the injury of renal structure and ultrastructure of silt diaphragm caused by overtraining are the structural basis of continuous exercise-induced proteinuria.

Objective Long-term intensive training may led to ischemia oxygen reaction and increase the ROS. Astaxanthin, as the super antioxidant, was investigated to against anti-oxidative stress. By supplementing the astaxanthin, we wanted to observe if it can mediated Nrf2 reduces myocardial cell oxidative injury in rats after high intensity training of 6 weeks. Methods 7-week SD male rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: control group ( C group，n =10)，high intensity training group ( HT group，n = 15)，astaxanthin and high intensity training group (HTA group，n = 15) . The rats in HTA group were given with astaxanthin 20 mg /kg·d and in HT group were given with oil during the training day．The serum cTnI，myocardial apoptosis index, the expression of myocardial BAX, Bcl2, Nrf2, HO-1, myocardial MDA，SOD and T- AOC activity were measured 24 hours after the last training． Results After 6-week tranning of high intensity, compared with group C, the serum cTNI, myocardial apoptosis index, the expression of BAX and myocardial MDA were significantly higher in group HT(P

To study the protective effects ofThe model was based on intensive endurance training. Sixty-five male aged 42 days Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group (C group), general training group (M group), low doseSerum ALT, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), creatine kinase(CK), a-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase(a-HBDH), ET, myocardial MDA and ET in M group were significantly higher than those in C group (The different doses of

To study the effect of 6-week intensive training on renal function in rats and the mechanism of exercise-induced proteinuria.Thirty-six male SD rats, aged 6 weeks, were divided into two groups, including a control group(C,Compared with group C, the serum testosterone/cortisone(T/C) of group M was decreased significantly (The effects of 6-week intensive training on renal function in rats and the mechanism of exercise-induced proteinuria may be that overtraining can induce the continuous excitation of Reninrenin activity in renal and circulating blood, down-regulated the expression of Nephrin, lead to abnormality of renal structure and function, and proteinuria.

To compare the potency of recipient-derived, antigen-specific regulatory T cells induced by different dendritic cells (DCs; iTregs) and freshly isolated natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) in preventing mouse graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). CD4+ T cells from recipient BALB/c mice were stimulated with DCs from recipient BALB/c (syn-DCs), donor B6 (allo-DCs), and third-party C3H (third-party-DCs) mice to induce different iTregs. In parallel, nTregs were isolated from spleen cells of recipient BALB/c (syn-nTregs) and donor B6 (allo-nTregs) mice using magnetic-activated cell sorting. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assays were performed to evaluate the suppressive ability of these various regulatory T cells (Tregs). Both the iTregs and nTregs were transfused to GVHD mice on Days 0, 1, 3, and 5. Body weight, GVHD score, and survival time were monitored. Peripheral Tregs were subsequently examined on Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after BMT, while chimerism was evaluated on Days 14 and 60. Histopathology of colon, liver, and spleen were also performed. DCs markedly induced CD25+ and Foxp3+ expression on CD4+ T cells. The allo-DC-induced Tregs (allo-iTregs) suppressed the proliferation of alloreactive T cells better than the other iTregs/nTregs in MLR assays (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, transfusion of the allo-iTregs reduced the severity of GVHD (P < 0.05), increased survival time compared with the GVHD group (P < 0.05), and enhanced the chimerism proportion. On Day 28 after BMT, the allo-iTregs group had the highest frequency of peripheral Tregs (P < 0.05). Recipient-derived allo-iTregs induced by donor DCs included predominant clones that specifically recognized donor antigens. These allo-iTregs not only prevented GVHD by suppressing the proliferation of donor-alloreactive T cells, but also promoted engraftment, and prolonged the survival of GVHD mice. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:825-836, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a serious disease which is life-threatening. Since it is crucial for APE patients to assess the changes of cardiac function safely and timely, the imaging research of cardiac morphology and function is becoming more and more important. The correlation of computed tomography (CT) measured cardiac parameters and pulmonary obstruction index (POI) was analyzed to discuss the morphological changes of the heart of APE patients in order to provide a new method to evaluate cardiac functions accurately and effectively. 118 APE patients confirmed with CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) were divided into high-risk group (47 cases, POI ≥ 20) and low-risk group (71 cases, POI

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a constraint and corresponding algorithm enhancing the evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) method, aiming to circumvent its structure break down problem in some special cases, such as the tie-beam problem. Design/methodology/approach – A virtual soft material introduced to an element will change the stiffness of the element and may consequently change the stress distribution of that element and its neighbors. With this property, the virtual stiffness of the selected element is calculated and the threshold of the stress changes is derived. The stress threshold is used to evaluate the role of an element on the load path and therefore decide the contribution of the element to the structure. Adding this checking operation into the original ESO iterations enables validation of element removal. Findings – The reason for structure break down with the ESO method is that the element removal criterion of ESO only works for certain optimal objectives. It cannot guarantee that the structure does not fail. The proposed operation offers a stronger and stricter constraint condition for ESO’s element removal process, preventing the structure from breaking down in some special cases. Originality/value – The tests on several examples reported in the literature show that the proposed method has the same ability to achieve an optimum solution as the original ESO methods do, while avoiding incorrect deletion of structurally important elements. The benchmark tie-beam problem is solved successfully with this algorithm. The method can be used in other situations as well.

The effect of applied forging pressure on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy was examined. The results showed that the ultimate tensile strength, elongation and hardness of the alloy after heat-treated treatment increase with the applied forging pressure, and the corresponding highest values, 365MPa, 11.52% and 146.53HV, were obtained at the applied forging pressure of 120MPa. Compared to casting condition without forging pressure, the ultimate tensile strength, elongation and hardness can be increased by 22.8%, 98.2% and 48.7%, respectively. The defects such as the shrinkage pores and cracks were absent in the microstructure due to the applied forging pressure. The SEM observation indicated that the fracture mode of 6061 aluminum alloy is more ductile at higher applied forging pressure.

We report an experimental scheme of three-channel all-optical switching based on the conversion between single and double dark states in an atom-ring-cavity system driven by a coherent standing-wave coupling field. By turning on and off the counter-propagating part of the coupling field, the switching for the probe field at three different frequencies is simultaneously achieved. We give a theoretical interpretation to the experimental results via the intracavity susceptibility for thermal atoms at different velocities. The switching performance is experimentally analyzed by introducing an additional coherent pumping light.