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Prospective cohort study.To assess the differences in the clinical and radiological outcomes between oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF).Nowadays, there is still a controversy regarding whether OLIF is superior to MI-TLIF in the management of degenerative lumbar disease.Between August 3, 2019 and February 3, 2020, 137 patients were assigned to OLIF or MI-TLIF at their request and the surgeon's discretion: 71 in the OLIF group and 66 in the MI-TLIF group. The perioperative data, patient-reported outcomes, radiographic outcomes, and complications were compared between the two groups.The OLIF group showed shorter operation time (110.5 vs.183.8 minutes, P 0.001), lesser estimated blood loss (123.1 vs. 232.0 mL, P 0.001), shorter length of hospital stay (5.5 vs. 6.7 days, P 0.001), and lower serum creatine kinase (CK) (1 day postoperatively) (376.0 vs. 541.8 IU/L, P 0.01) than that of MI-TLIF group. Both groups showed no significant differences in the visual analog scale (VAS) scores of lower back and leg pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively (P 0.05). Compared with the MI-TLIF group, the OLIF group showed better restoration of disc height (DH) (4.7/4.6/4.7 vs. 3.7/3.7/3.7 mm, P 0.01) and lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) (10.5°/10.8°/11.1° vs. 5.8°/5.7°/5.3°, P 0.001), but not the value of segmental lordosis angle (SLA) (P 0.05) at 1 day, 1 month, and 1 year postoperatively, respectively. The complication rate of OLIF was higher than that of MI-TLIF (29.4% vs. 9.7%, P 0.01).Compared with MI-TLIF, OLIF showed similar results in terms of patient-reported outcomes, restoration of SLA and fusion rate, and superior results with respect to restoration of DH and LLA, operation time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and serum CK levels (1 day postoperatively). Even though the complication rate of OLIF is higher than that of MI-TLIF, it does not bring persistent and substantial damage to the patients.Level of Evidence: 3.

AIM: To explore the mechanism of rejection of bioengineered keratoplasty by the laser confocal microscope and immunopathological studies.METHODS: Retrospective case study. Five patients(5 eyes)who underwent bioengineered keratoplasty for infectious keratitis from Sep.2018 to Dec.2020 and were immunologically rejected included. All observers were monocular. Slit-lamp was used to examine corneal transparency and corneal neovascularization. The cornea was dynamically observed under laser confocal microscopy, the density of subepithelial langerhans cells and stromal inflammatory cells was recorded after graft rejection, and the contralateral eye was used as the control group for statistical analysis. The infiltration and distribution of CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells and inflammatory cells were observed after immunohistochemical staining of bioengineered corneas during corneal allograft.RESULTS: Confocal laser microscopy showed that a large number of langerhans cells were activated under the corneal epithelium of the intraoperative eye, and the activation ratio was significantly different from that of the contralateral eye(χ2=38.29, P

In this study, an ether-bridged aromatic carboxylic acid, 2-(2-carboxyphenoxy)terephthalic acid (H3cpta), was applied as the building block for the generation of two new Co(II)-based coordination polymers (CPs) with the chemical formulae of [Co3(μ5-cpta)2(2,2′-bipy)2]n (1, 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) [Co3(μ3-cpta)2(phen)3(py)3(H2O)3]n (2, phen =1,10-phenanthroline, py = pyridine) by reaction of the Co(NO3)2·6H2O with the H3cpta ligand in the presence of different N-donor co-ligands under the hydrothermal reaction conditions. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction study shows that compound 1 features a 2D layered structure which has been reported previously and compound 2 shows a ladder-like 1D network. Furthermore, the treatment effect of compounds 1 and 2 on the rats undergoing gastrointestinal surgery was evaluated. The hemodynamics of the rats was measured after compound 1 or 2 treatment. Besides, the Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale was also performed for the evaluation of rats' cognitive function after the treatment.

This study is to explore the effect of fabric parameters on fragrance retention, which was based on the olfactorymeasurement technology with the quantitative headspace method. The fragrance retention of different fabrics wasquantitatively evaluated by Electronic Nose (e-nose) at different time after volatilization. Quick-drying Tester was usedto test the fabric drying rate, which was related to fragrance retention. Besides, wicking property and porosity of fabrics,two factors of moisture transmission, were tested and calculated for analysis too. It was found that fabrics with the highercotton content had the better fragrance retention due to their hydrophilicity and water retention property of fibers. Plainfabric had the shorter fragrance retention than twill fabric since its lower porosity and the higher capillary pressure ledto the faster fragrance dissipation. As the fabric density increased or the yarn count decreased, the fragrance retentionincreased. Since their wicking properties decreased, the process of perfume diffusion would slow down. The data andmethods presented in this paper provide a basis for optimizing the parameters of fragrant fabric.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical effects and safety of surgical techniques in Descemet stripping automatic endothelial keratoplasty(DSAEK)in bullous keratopathy.METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 10 patients with bullous keratopathy treated in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 in our hospital, including 4 males(4 eyes), 6 females(6 eyes). Descemet stripping automatic endothelial keratoplasty(DSAEK)was performed with every patient. In addition to the conventional surgical procedures, the surgical technique such as the setting of the anterior chamber perfusion tube, the design of the incision, and the peripheral corneal puncture during the operation were performed. Follow-up for 6mo, the recovery of corneal grafts and postoperative dislocations, double anterior chambers, and other complications were observed, including best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), anterior segment optical coherence tomography, corneal endothelial cell count and incidence of postoperative complications.RESULTS: All patients had smooth surgery, no intraoperative complications occurred, and no postoperative dislocations or interlaminar effusions occurred; postoperative intraocular pressure was normal, and the BCVA was improved to different degrees than before surgery. The symptoms such as tearing and photophobia gradually reduced from 1d after surgery, and completely relieved after 2wk. Corneal stroma edema decreased within 1mo after operation, and the central corneal thickness(596.8±19.11μm)was significantly thinner than that before operation(874.0±58.64μm). During the follow-up period, all patients were stable and the corneal grafts remained transparent, but the corneal endothelial counts were reduced to varying degrees.CONCLUSION: The application of surgical techniques in DSAEK can significantly reduce intraoperative and postoperative complications, improve the safety of surgery, and has clinical value in bullous keratopathy.

Evaluating the impacts of human activity on river runoff has important implications for regional water resource management. Here, we used seven tree-ring width chronologies to establish a regional mean tree-ring width chronology from the northern mountain of Delingha, Qaidam Basin. We conducted the correlation, moving correlation and regression analysis of regional mean tree-ring width chronology with runoff data from Bayin River gauge station. Then, we stimulated the June runoff of Bayin River from 1956 to 2002. The results showed that the highest correlation coefficient was found for June runoff (评估人类活动对径流的影响,对区域水资源开发管理有借鉴和指导意义。利用柴达木盆地北部山区7个祁连圆柏树轮宽度数据,建立区域平均树轮宽度年表。通过对区域平均树轮宽度年表与巴音河水文站径流量进行相关、滑动相关和回归分析,模拟了巴音河1956—2002年6月天然径流量变化,进而分析出人类活动对径流量的影响。结果表明: 树轮平均年表与6月径流量的相关性最强(

AIM: To investigate the effect of comprehensive treatment of ocular alkali burn in different periods.METHOD: A retrospective analysis was performed on 124 cases(166 eyes)of ocular alkali burns admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 12. According to the severity of the disease, a number of comprehensive measures were taken to treat the ocular alkali burn with drugs and surgery respectively. The patients were followed up for 6-12mo to observe the healing of ocular alkali burn and the final outcome of disease.RESULTS: After treatment, the symptoms of all patients were relieved, the corneal conjunctiva healed, and no infection occurred. The average hospitalization time was 13d, totally 118 eyes were cured(71.1%), 43 eyes were improved(25.9%), 5 eyes were ineffective(3.0%). There was no complication in degree I and degree II of ocular alkali burn patients, degree III was better than degree IV, and the complication rate in degree III was lower than that in degree IV.CONCLUSION: According to the corneal conjunctiva and eyelid injury evaluation of ocular alkali burn degree, choose appropriate time to take corresponding treatment measures, and give systemic and local drug treatment. Combined with ocular surface irrigation, anterior chamber puncture, amniotic membrane transplantation, conjunctival flap covering, corneal transplantation, limbal stem cell transplantation and other comprehensive treatment methods can obtain good clinical effect.

AIM: To evaluate the application value of 3g/L sodium hyaluronate eye drops combined with corneal bandage contact lens in the early stage of pterygium excision surgery.METHODS: In this double blind randomized controlled study, 90 eyes of 90 patients with unilateral primary nasal pterygium who underwent surgical treatment from March 2017 to March 2018 were sorted into three groups, named as group A, group B and group C. Group A was treated with +3g/L sodium hyaluronate eye dropsand corneal bandage contact lens; group B was treated with +1g/L sodium hyaluronate eye drops and corneal bandage contact lens; and group C with +3g/L sodium hyaluronate and patching. Ocular surface irritation symptom scores, corneal epithelial healing time and conjunctival graft edema subsidence time of the three groups were compared after treatment.RESULTS: Ocular surface irritation symptom scores in group A were lower than those in group C at all observation time points postoperatively(all PP=0.001, P=0.002). The corneal epithelial healing time was significantly shorterin group A when compared with group B(P=0.018), but there were no significant differences in ocular surface irritation symptom scores and conjunctival graft edema subsidence time between the two groups.CONCLUSION: The combination of 3g/L sodium hyaluronate and corneal bandage contact lens has synergistic effect when applicated in the early stage after pterygium excision surgery, it can effectively shorten the corneal epithelial healing time as well as relieve irritation symptoms.

To study the Polymorphism of the human platelet antigen(HPA) gene 1-17 and human leukocyte antigen(HLA) gene-A and B locus in Shandong Han population.A total of 962 samples from routine voluntary platelet donors were genotyped for HPA1-17 system and HLA-A site, B by PCR-SSP and PCR-SSOP respectively．Gene frequencies were calculated by counting. HPA1-17 and HLA genotype combinations were analyzed by Arelequin 3.5.The gene frequencies of HPA-la, -1b, HPA-2a, -2b, HPA-3a, -3b, HPA-4a, -4b, HPA-5a, -5b, HPA-6a, -6b, HPA-15a, -15b were 0.9918, 0.0082, 0.9419, 0.0592, 0.5841, 0.4174, 0.9969, 0.0031, 0.9892, 0.0108, 0.9835, 0.0175,0.5488 and 0.4512, respectively． The most common HPA genotype combination was HPA-(1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7-14, 16, 17) aa-3ab-15ab (0.2048). Moreover, HLA-A*2(0.3094) and HLA-B*13(0.1513) showed the highest frequency in their respective locus. The most common HLA genotype combination was HLA-A*2-B*13(0.1397) .Distributions of HPA and HLA show high polymorphism in Shandong Han population. The ethnic and territorial difference of HPA distribution is also confirmed. It is imperative to establish local genetic database of volunteer platelet donors.山东汉族人群血小板抗原基因多态性分析.探讨山东汉族人类血小板抗原（human platelet antigen, HPA）1-17、人类白细胞抗原（human leukocyte antigen, HLA）A、B多态性分布.对山东地区962位无血缘关系的汉族血小板自愿捐献者采用PCR-SSP方法进行HPA1-17系统的基因分型，采用PCR-SSOP技术对HLA-A、B位点进行基因分型，直接计数法计算基因频率， HPA1-17及HLA基因型组合用Arelequin 3.5进行分析.HPA各等位基因频率分别是1a: 0.9918，1b: 0.0082，2a: 0.9419，2b: 0.0592，3a: 0.5841，3b: 0.4174，4a: 0.9969，4b: 0.0031，5a: 0.9892，5b: 0.0108，6a: 0.9835，6b: 0.0175，7-14a: 1，7-14b: 0，15a: 0.5488，15b: 0.4512，16a: 1，16b: 0，17a，17b: 0；频率最高的HPA基因组合型为： HPA-(1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7-14, 16, 17)aa-3ab15ab (0.2048)； HLA-A、B位点中频率最高的基因分别为A*2 (0.3094)、B*13 (0.1513)，频率最高的HLA基因组合型为： HLA-A*02~B*13（0.1397）.山东汉族人群HPA和HLA分布具有明显多态性，与其他人群相比显示出地域和种族性差异，应建立本地区的血小板捐献者HPA和HLA分型资料库.

Bioethanol production from syngas using acetogenic bacteria has attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, low ethanol yield is the biggest challenge that prevents the commercialization of syngas fermentation into biofuels using microbial catalysts. The present study demonstrated that ethanol metabolism plays an important role in recycling NADH/NAD(+) during autotrophic growth. Deletion of bifunctional aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE) genes leads to significant growth deficiencies in gas fermentation. Using specific fermentation technology in which the gas pressure and pH were constantly controlled at 0.1 MPa and 6.0, respectively, we revealed that ethanol was formed during the exponential phase, closely accompanied by biomass production. Then, ethanol was oxidized to acetate via the aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase pathway in Clostridium ljungdahlii. A metabolic experiment using (13)C-labeled ethanol and acetate, redox balance analysis, and comparative transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that ethanol production and reuse shared the metabolic pathway but occurred at different growth phases. IMPORTANCE Ethanol production from carbon monoxide (CO) as a carbon and energy source by Clostridium ljungdahlii and “Clostridium autoethanogenum” is currently being commercialized. During gas fermentation, ethanol synthesis is NADH-dependent. However, ethanol oxidation and its regulatory mechanism remain incompletely understood. Energy metabolism analysis demonstrated that reduced ferredoxin is the sole source of NADH formation by the Rnf-ATPase system, which provides ATP for cell growth during CO fermentation. Therefore, ethanol production is tightly linked to biomass production (ATP production). Clarification of the mechanism of ethanol oxidation and biosynthesis can provide an important reference for generating high-ethanol-yield strains of C. ljungdahlii in the future.

OBJECTIVE To compare postoperative imaging results, clinical outcomes and complications between the multifidus muscle bundle (MMB) approach and the conventional open (CO) approach in one-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). METHODS Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 201 of 351 patients in our hospital were enrolled in this prospective study and underwent MMB-PLIF or CO-PLIF randomly: 111 patients in the MMB-PLIF group and 90 patients in the CO-PLIF group. A total of 100 patients failed to be followed up in the following 7-9 years. Therefore, in this study, 52 patients of the MMB group and 49 patients of the CO group were included. We evaluated the differences in terms of multifidus atrophy rate, intervertebral disc height and segmental lordosis restoration of the operation segment, lumbar lordosis restoration, fusion rate, visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), complication rates, and patient satisfaction rates between the two groups. Correlation between multifidus muscle degeneration and the incidence of complications was investigated, and we compared the multifidus muscle degeneration rate between patients with or without intractable back pain or adjacent segment degeneration. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis, segments distribution, and mean follow-up time between the MMB-PLIF group and the CO-PLIF group. In addition, no differences regarding sex, age, or BMI were found between the lost follow-up group and the successful follow-up group. In regard to imaging and clinical evaluation, at the final follow-up, there were significant differences in multifidus atrophy rates (27.0% ± 6.8% vs 38.7% ± 10.9%), lumbar lordosis restoration (4.6° ± 2.5° vs 3.0° ± 1.9°), postoperative VAS for back pain (1.1 ± 0.9 vs 1.8 ± 1.2), ODI (7.7 ± 5.0 vs 12.4 ± 6.7), and patient satisfaction rates (86.5% vs 61.2%) between MMB-PLIF and CO-PLIF groups. However, there were no significant differences in segmental lordosis, intervertebral height restoration, postoperative VAS for leg pain or fusion rate between the two groups. In regards to complications, there were significant differences in the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration (3.8% vs 14.3%), intractable back pain (3.8% vs 22.4%), and residual neurological symptoms (5.8% vs 20.4%) between the two groups (P < 0.05) at the final follow-up. In addition, patients with adjacent segment degeneration and intractable back pain were observed with more significant multifidus muscle atrophy than those without these two complications (31.9% ± 1.1% vs 39.6% ± 2.1% and 30.9% ± 1.1% vs 42.8% ± 2.1%). CONCLUSION Compared with CO-PLIF, MMB-PLIF had advantages in relation to protection of the multifidus muscle, better maintenance of lumbar lordosis, reduced lower back pain and ODI score, fewer complications, and a higher patient satisfaction rate. Protection of the multifidus muscle in lumbar surgery is an important aspect of minimally invasive surgery.

A new three-dimensional metal-organic complex, [{Fe (NCSe)2}3(TPB)4]x(guest), was prepared with the ligand of TPB (1,3,5-tris (4-pyridyl) benzene). The X-ray single crystal diffraction studied in 100 K and 173 K shown the change of bonds and angles of the framework. The guest exchange and magnetic properties indicated that the 3D framework can be responsible to the solvent guest molecules and shows guest-dependent spin-crossover behaviour.

Letter to the Editor

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of combined treatment for fungal corneal ulcer in Western China.METHODS: Totally 85 cases(85 eyes)of fungal corneal ulcer diagnosed in our hospital from November 2017 to February 2018 were determined according to the severity of the disease. Took 11 comprehensive measures to treat, they were treated with corresponding drugs and combined operation respectively, all patients were followed up for 6-8mo to observe corneal ulcer healing and final disease outcomes.RESULTS: The average length of hospital stay for fungal corneal ulcer was 12d, and 79 eyes were cured in 85 eyes. The cure rate was 93%, 5 eyes improved(6%), and 1 eye was invalid(1%).CONCLUSION: Systemic and local drug therapy for fungal corneal ulcer, the operation was performed by corneal debridement, iodine cautery, conjunctival flap covering, amniotic membrane transplantation and keratoplasty, which will receive ideal therapeutic effects and restore vision.

Bioethanol production from syngas using acetogenic bacteria has attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, low ethanol yield is the biggest challenge that prevents the commercialization of syngas fermentation into biofuels using microbial catalysts. The present study demonstrated that ethanol metabolism plays an important role in recycling NADH/NAD+ during autotrophic growth. Deletion of bifunctional aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE) genes leads to significant growth deficiencies in gas fermentation. Using specific fermentation technology in which the gas pressure and pH were constantly controlled at 0.1 MPa and 6.0, respectively, we revealed that ethanol was formed during the exponential phase, closely accompanied by biomass production. Then, ethanol was oxidized to acetate via the aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase pathway in Clostridium ljungdahlii. A metabolic experiment using 13C-labeled ethanol and acetate, redox balance analysis, and comparative transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that ethanol production and reuse shared the metabolic pathway but occurred at different growth phases. IMPORTANCE Ethanol production from carbon monoxide (CO) as a carbon and energy source by Clostridium ljungdahlii and “Clostridium autoethanogenum” is currently being commercialized. During gas fermentation, ethanol synthesis is NADH-dependent. However, ethanol oxidation and its regulatory mechanism remain incompletely understood. Energy metabolism analysis demonstrated that reduced ferredoxin is the sole source of NADH formation by the Rnf-ATPase system, which provides ATP for cell growth during CO fermentation. Therefore, ethanol production is tightly linked to biomass production (ATP production). Clarification of the mechanism of ethanol oxidation and biosynthesis can provide an important reference for generating high-ethanol-yield strains of C. ljungdahlii in the future.

To evaluate the feasibility of arthroscopic reduction percutaneous fixation (ARPF) in the treatment of isolated medial malleolar fracture and compare the results with those of conventional open reduction internal fixation (ORIF).This prospective study enrolled 77 patients with isolated medial malleolar fracture between November 2011 and February 2016. The patients were assigned to the ARPF (n = 34) and ORIF (n = 43) groups. The Olerud-Molander ankle score (OMAS), ankle range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale, and radiographic evaluation were determined at the scheduled follow-up.In the ARPF group, 11 of 34 patients (32.4%) had chondral lesions. Tears of the deltoid ligament and anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament were noted in 3 (8.8%) and 15 (44.1%) patients, respectively. The mean follow-up was 5 years. The mean OMAS was higher in the ARPF group than in the ORIF group. The differences were statistically significant at 6 months (mean ± standard deviation, 80.2 ± 4.0 for ARPF vs 77.2 ± 4.1 for ORIF, P = .005) and 1 year (92.9 ± 4.9 vs 88.1 ± 4.6, P.001), but not at the latest follow-up (P = .081). Ankle ROM was markedly improved in the ARPF group, unlike in the ORIF group at 6 months (dorsiflexion, P = .025; plantarflexion, P .001) and 1 year (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, P.001). The improvement remained at the latest follow-up in plantarflexion (P = .001) but not in dorsiflexion (P = .354).Arthroscopy-assisted reduction is a feasible alternative modality with superior short-term outcomes for treating isolated medial malleolar fracture, but its superiority may be attenuated in the intermediate term.Level III, comparative study.

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in combination with liposomal amphotericin B in fungal corneal ulcers. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were induced fungal corneal ulcers by scratching and randomly divided into 3 groups, i.e. control, treated with CXL, and combined therapy of CXL with 0.25% liposomal amphotericin B (n=5 each). The corneal lesions were documented with slit-lamp and confocal microscopy on 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28d after treatment. The corneas were examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at 4wk. RESULTS: A rabbit corneal ulcer model of Fusarium was successfully established. The corneal epithelium defect areas in the two treatment groups were smaller than that in the control group on 3, 7, 14 and 21d (P

OBJECTIVE: To compare postoperative imaging results, clinical outcomes and complications between the multifidus muscle bundle (MMB) approach and the conventional open (CO) approach in one‐level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). METHODS: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 201 of 351 patients in our hospital were enrolled in this prospective study and underwent MMB‐PLIF or CO‐PLIF randomly: 111 patients in the MMB‐PLIF group and 90 patients in the CO‐PLIF group. A total of 100 patients failed to be followed up in the following 7–9 years. Therefore, in this study, 52 patients of the MMB group and 49 patients of the CO group were included. We evaluated the differences in terms of multifidus atrophy rate, intervertebral disc height and segmental lordosis restoration of the operation segment, lumbar lordosis restoration, fusion rate, visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), complication rates, and patient satisfaction rates between the two groups. Correlation between multifidus muscle degeneration and the incidence of complications was investigated, and we compared the multifidus muscle degeneration rate between patients with or without intractable back pain or adjacent segment degeneration. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis, segments distribution, and mean follow‐up time between the MMB‐PLIF group and the CO‐PLIF group. In addition, no differences regarding sex, age, or BMI were found between the lost follow‐up group and the successful follow‐up group. In regard to imaging and clinical evaluation, at the final follow‐up, there were significant differences in multifidus atrophy rates (27.0% ± 6.8% vs 38.7% ± 10.9%), lumbar lordosis restoration (4.6° ± 2.5° vs 3.0° ± 1.9°), postoperative VAS for back pain (1.1 ± 0.9 vs 1.8 ± 1.2), ODI (7.7 ± 5.0 vs 12.4 ± 6.7), and patient satisfaction rates (86.5% vs 61.2%) between MMB‐PLIF and CO‐PLIF groups. However, there were no significant differences in segmental lordosis, intervertebral height restoration, postoperative VAS for leg pain or fusion rate between the two groups. In regards to complications, there were significant differences in the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration (3.8% vs 14.3%), intractable back pain (3.8% vs 22.4%), and residual neurological symptoms (5.8% vs 20.4%) between the two groups (P < 0.05) at the final follow‐up. In addition, patients with adjacent segment degeneration and intractable back pain were observed with more significant multifidus muscle atrophy than those without these two complications (31.9% ± 1.1% vs 39.6% ± 2.1% and 30.9% ± 1.1% vs 42.8% ± 2.1%). CONCLUSION: Compared with CO‐PLIF, MMB‐PLIF had advantages in relation to protection of the multifidus muscle, better maintenance of lumbar lordosis, reduced lower back pain and ODI score, fewer complications, and a higher patient satisfaction rate. Protection of the multifidus muscle in lumbar surgery is an important aspect of minimally invasive surgery.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical effect of vitamin A palmitate eye gel on early ocular surface reconstruction after thermal or chemical injuries. METHODS: Seventy-eight cases with thermal or chemical injuries to eyes were selected and divided into two groups by randomized, double-blind, positive drug parallel controlled method: group A(40 cases were treated with vitamin A palmitate eye gel)and group B \〖38 cases were treated with basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)\〗. The bFGF and vitamin A palmitate eye gel were used 4 times a day. The treatment course was 14d. Restoration of epithelial defect, Schirmer's test values, tear break-up time(BUT), and subjective assessment of symptoms and signs were observed on D1, D3, D5, D7, D10 and D14.RESULTS: In group A, 31 cases were cured, 5 cases were effective, with the cure rate of 76% and efficiency 90%. In group B, 32 cases were cured, 3 cases were effective, with the cure rate of 84% and efficiency 92%. There were no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05). However, there were significant differences on the results of Schirmer's test and BUT(PPCONCLUSION: Vitamin A palmitate eye gel is valuable and safe on early ocular surface reconstruction of the eyes suffered from thermal or chemical injuries.

AIM:To observe the effect of different concentrations of sodium hyaluronate on ocular surface change of dry eye. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits with dry eye was prepared and treated with 0.1% and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate drops fluid respectively, which were regarded as low concentration treatment group(group B)and high concentration treatment group(group C)respectively. However, the rabbits treated with saline were regarded as control group(group A). And then, corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer test, conjunctival goblet cells, mucin expression and histological changes were observed.RESULTS: On D7 and D14 after treatment, corneal fluorescein staining scores were lower in group B and group C than that in group A(PP PCONCLUSION: The sodium hyaluronate can improve ocular surface damage of dry eye in New Zealand rabbits. The high concentration of sodium hyaluronate has better effect than low concentration.

AIM: To establish dry eye model of rats induced by botulinum toxin B(BTX-B)and provide the basis for the pathogenesis and experimental treatment of dry eye caused by inflammation. METHODS: Thirty-six healthy female SD rats were selected and divided into four groups randomly, and the experimental group included three groups, which were individually injected 0.1mL 1.25, 5, and 10mU BTX-B solution on the right lacrimal gland; the control group was injected 0.1mL normal saline on the right lacrimal gland, then received Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt)and examination of corneal fluorescein(FL)staining respectively at the 3, 7, 14 and 28d. The other 32 rats were selected and divided into two groups randomly, the rats in the experimental group were injected 0.1mL 1.25mU BTX-B solution on the right lacrimal gland and then five rats were randomly chosen to be removed lacrimal gland tissue respectively at the 3, 7, 14, 21, 42d. The Lacritin protein was detected in the qualitative and quantitative way by immunofluorescence and Western-blot, and the histopathological test was received by routine HE staining. RESULTS: The three groups in the experimental group during the preparation of the model appeared that tear secretions decreased and corneal epithelium got damaged at 3d, but there was no significant difference for each other of two changes(P>0.05). The change was reached the peak at 7d and improved at 14d. The tear secretions returned to normal level at 28d, but the damage of corneal epithelium was still existed. The expression of Lacritin protein was only observed in acinar cells of both experimental group and control group, and the content of Lacritin protein in the experimental group decreased significantly. The decreasing situation appeared at 3d, reached the peak at 7d, improved at 14d, began to recover at 28d, and returned to the normal level at 42d. CONCLUSION: Dry eye model of SD rats can be successfully established by lacrimal gland injection of 1.25mU BTX-B solution, with symptoms of dry eyes such as tear secretions reducing and corneal epithelial injury, which can provide experimental basis and foundation for the research on the pathogenesis and experimental treatment of dry eye. Lacritin protein only expresses in acinar cells of lacrimal gland, and the content of Lacritin protein has a synchronous change with tear secretions and degree of dry eye, which provides a new basis for perfecting the standards on evaluating the degree of dry eye.

The $\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{b}}_{\mathrm{I}}$ antisite was reported to be a possible deep-level recombination-center defect in $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{Pb}{\mathrm{I}}_{3}$ solar cells with a concentration higher than ${10}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ under I-poor conditions. However, whether it is really an effective nonradiative recombination center and limits the photovoltaic efficiency depends also on its cross sections for capturing the electron or hole carriers, which is difficult to determine in both experiment and theory. Here we use a recently developed method to overcome the high computational cost of electron-phonon coupling calculation and implement it in the standard first-principles code quantum espresso so that we can calculate the carrier-capture cross sections effectively for the point defects in complicated semiconductors, such as $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{Pb}{\mathrm{I}}_{3}$. The calculation showed that both the hole- and the electron-capture cross sections and capture rates of $\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{b}}_{\mathrm{I}}$ are large relative to those of the point defects in conventional semiconductors, such as Si or GaP, which is attributed mainly to the heavy Pb-I atoms and the soft phonon modes in this Pb halide. Nonradiative recombination increases the thermal energy by exciting the phonons in the soft Pb-I lattice, whereas the contribution of the organic $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ group is negligible. Since $\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{b}}_{\mathrm{I}}$ has a higher concentration under I-poor conditions, especially when the semiconductor is $p$-type, our results suggest that the minority-carrier lifetime and thus the photovoltaic efficiency should be very limited in $p$-type $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{Pb}{\mathrm{I}}_{3}$ and $p$-type doping should be avoided for fabricating high-efficiency $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{Pb}{\mathrm{I}}_{3}$ solar cells under I-poor conditions. Similar calculations can be used for studying the influence of various defects on the photovoltaic performance of other organic-inorganic hybrid and inorganic halide perovskites, shedding light on the design of high-efficiency solar cells.

With the popularization of computer, the design of planetary gear trains is headed in the automatic direction. Based on the theoretical research of closed differential planetary gear transmission mechanism, a kind of software was developed to automatically calculate the tooth number with computer technology applied to the design of gear trains. Some research and analysis were done to the transmission mode of closed differential planetary gear transmission mechanism with the help of universal design method on gear trains. Five constraint conditions were summarized, which are gear ratio condition, adjacency condition, assembly condition, concentricity condition, and other conditions, and a optimum condition. With windows 7 as the platform, MyEclipse 8.5 as a tool, translating these conditional formulae into Java language, the software of the selection of tooth number for closed differential planetary gear transmission mechanism was developed. Multi-group datum of tooth number and also a set of optimal data can be obtained after running the software, which reduces the workload of manual calculation.

The analysis method on contact stresses between balls and inner/outer ring raceways of a large-sized four contact-point slewing bearing with negative axial play was present. The contact stresses and contact areas between balls and inner/outer ring raceways of a slewing bearing were computed at different negative axial plays without applied load. The results show that a ball contacts with inner/outer ring raceways at four points whose contact areas and contact stress distribution are approximately same. The contact stresses between balls and inner ring raceway are slightly higher than those at outer ring raceway. Contact stress and contact area increase with absolute value of negative axial play increasing. Startup friction torque can be improved by increasing the absolute value of negative axial play.

A quasi-static analysis of a large-sized four contact-point slewing bearing with negative axial play is performed. The values of normal contact loads of a slewing ring bearing between balls and inner/outer ring were computed at different negative axial plays without applied load. The results show that the normal loads of the four contact points increase as the absolute value of negative axial play increases. Slightly changing negative axial play makes big change on normal contact load. Startup friction torque can be improved largely by increasing slightly the absolute value of negative axial play.

In order to carry out the construction scheme of oversize transmission overhead lines stringing successfully, the paper has done research on the construction scheme by the example of Su Tong oversize Transmission Overhead Lines so that a general scheme can be formed and promoted the use. As a result, the tension of wires and pulling ropes was obtained according to the formula of tension calculation giving and then achieved the selection of pulling rope and wires. Finally, the paper developed a strategy for the construction of oversize Transmission Overhead Lines Stringing. The research will play a key role in the general construction scheme of Oversize Transmission Overhead Lines Long Span in the future.

Aim: To compare neural resolution and detection limits of the human mid-/long-wavelength and short-wavelength cone systems with anatomical estimates of photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cell spacings and sizes. Method: Detection and resolution limits were measured from central fixation out to 35° eccentricity across the horizontal visual field using a modified Lotmar interferometer. The mid-/long-wavelength cone system was studied using a green (550 nm) test stimulus to which S-cones have low sensitivity. To bias resolution and detection to the short-wavelength cone system, a blue (450 nm) test stimulus was presented against a bright yellow background that desensitized the M- and L-cones. Participants were three trichromatic males with normal visual functions. Results: With green stimuli, resolution showed a steep central-peripheral gradient that was similar between participants, whereas the detection gradient was shallower and patterns were different between participants. Detection and resolution with blue stimuli were poorer than for green stimuli. The detection of blue stimuli was superior to resolution across the horizontal visual field and the patterns were different between participants. Conclusion: The mid-/long-wavelength cone system’s resolution is limited by midget ganglion cell spacing and its detection is limited by the size of the M- and L-cone photoreceptors, consistent with previous observations. We found that no such simple relationships occur for the short-wavelength cone system between resolution and the bistratified ganglion cell spacing, nor between detection and the S-cone photoreceptor sizes.

This article makes use of analytic hierarchy process (shortened for AHP) to set up an evaluation system about the innovation ability of textile and apparel industry in China. Based on the guidelines released by National Bureau of Statistics and the particular cases in this industry, the article makes an assessment of the technological innovation and creates four first-level indexes, which are respectively indexes of potential resources for technology innovation, technology innovation activity, output ability of technology innovation and technology innovation environment. By comparison and analysis of different data in different years, it comes to the conclusion that the ability of technological innovation is on the rise.

An environment-friendly soy protein isolate (SPI)-based adhesive for wood was prepared using denatured alcohol-modified SPI, calcium hydroxide and sodium silicate. On the basis of the single factor test results, an orthogonal test of 4 elements and 3 levels was carried out to optimize formula ingredients. The modified SPI adhesive contained more calcium hydroxide than unmodified SPI adhesive and exhibited good performance. The shear strength of the specimen bonded with the modified adhesive was 82.3 MPa; after three cycles of water-soaking and air-drying, the decrease in shear strength was as low as 7.9%.

Heat generation of a bearing was studied based in this paper. Computational models of power loss were built. The total heat generation was gotten. Influences on total heating were analyzed at various inner ring rolling velocities and applied loads. The results show that bearing rolling velocity and axial load affect heat generation strongly. Meanwhile sliding friction, which exists between balls and the cage pocket, cages and the surface of outer ring, is the main factors of bearing heating. Bearings with shaft are mainly used in gyro motors of aviation, aerospace, marine navigational systems, which own a long life and high reliability. Heat generated by friction affects its performance, life and reliability, and consequently influences control precision and life of gyro motors. If the rate of heat dissipation is less than the rate of the heat generation, the system temperatures will raise, the hardness of bearing ring and rolling element steel decrease, and resulting in plastic deformations, lubricant deterioration occurs, ultimately, heat imbalance failure leads to breakage of bearing components and bearing seizure[1,2].So precise evaluating heat generation of bearings with shaft is important for design, manufacture and application of bearing. The heat generation of bearing comes from power loss of friction. The traditional methods contain the local method and integral method [3]. Palmgren who used the integral method based on experimental results advanced an empirical formula of total friction moment [4]. The calculation result is lower than the fact because ignoring infection of lubricant flux. Astringe and Smith improved the above formula .But it was just for roller bearing. Harris established a local method for the ball bearing and rolling bearing [5]. Pouly et al [6, 7] analyzed part power loss of the high speed rolling bearing based on local method. Compared with the integral method, the local method calculated heating of all heat sources. The results were more accurate. Liu Zhi-quan, Han Min-zheng et al computed the heat of high speed rolling and ball bearing by the local method [8, 9]. This paper studies heat generation mechanism of bearing with shaft from a gyro motor. Different heat sources from bearings are calculated by a self-made program. All factors which influence heat generation would be gotten by analyzing at different working conditions. It would offer a theoretical basis for optimal design and proper use of bearings with shaft.

Based on the quasi-static analysis and the power loss analysis, the temperature distribution is calculated by ANSYS.The different part temperatures of bearing are obtained. The influences of rotational speed, axial load and radial load on the temperature distribution are analyzed. The results reveal that axial load and rotational speed affect temperature distribution strongly. The effect of radial load is not signifcant,and the maxtemperature of bearing is at the point between balls and the inner ring. Bearings with shaft are widely used in gyro motors of aviation, aerospace, marine navigational systems. In a few applications, however, heat generated by friction can affects its performance, life and reliability, and consequently influences control precision and life of gyro motors[1]. So it’s important to evaluate heat generation of bearings with shaft for the design, manufacture and its application. A few researchers [2, 3] have analyzed the concentrated contact temperature. Their researches have been mainly focused on the temperature of contact surface. In addition, some researchers (Chinese and foreign) have calculated the temperature of bearing under the thermal network method [4, 5]. The above methods are easy to carry out, but only can the temperatures of some point be found. Compared with the thermal network method, the finite element model can get the temperature of the whole model. The temperature analysis has been pursued by some foreign and Chinese researchers under the method [6, 7]. The steady temperature field of bearing with shaft from a gyro motor is studied in the paper. The speed of ball and the temperature distribution are analyzed and studied by VC6.0++ and ANSYS. The temperature distribution under different axial load, speed of inner ring and radial load is calculated. Therefore the main effect of temperature distribution can be found.

Background and Purpose— Randomized trials have demonstrated reduced morbidity and mortality with stroke unit care; however, the effect on length of stay, and hence the economic benefit, is less well-defined. In 2001, a multidisciplinary stroke unit was opened at our institution. We observed whether a stroke unit reduces length of stay and in-hospital case fatality when compared to admission to a general neurology/medical ward. Methods— A retrospective study of 2 cohorts in the Foothills Medical Center in Calgary was conducted using administrative databases. We compared a cohort of stroke patients managed on general neurology/medical wards before 2001, with a similar cohort of stroke patients managed on a stroke unit after 2003. The length of stay was dichotomized after being centered to 7 days and the Charlson Index was dichotomized for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the length of stay and case fatality in 2 cohorts, adjusted for age, gender, and patient comorbid conditions defined by the Charlson Index. Results— Average length of stay for patients on a stroke unit (n=2461) was 15 days vs 19 days for patients managed on general neurology/medical wards (n=1567). The proportion of patients with length of stay >7 days on general neurology/medical wards was 53.8% vs 44.4% on the stroke unit (difference 9.4%; P 7 days was reduced by 30% ( P Conclusions— We observed a reduced length of stay and reduced in-hospital case-fatality in a stroke unit compared to general neurology/medical wards.

The emergence of the electron-pocket only iron-based superconductor AxFe2-ySe2 (A = alkali metal) challenges the Fermi-surface nesting picture established in iron-pnictides. It was widely believed that magnetism is correlated with the superconductivity in AxFe2-ySe2. Unfortunately, the highly anisotropic exchange parameters and the disagreement between theoretical calculations and experimental results triggered a fierce debate on the nature of magnetism in AxFe2-ySe2. Here we find that the strong magnetic anisotropy is from the anisotropic biquadratic interaction. In order to accurately obtain the magnetic interaction parameters, we propose a universal method, which does not need including other high energy configurations as did in conventional energy mapping method. We show that our model successfully captures the magnetic interactions in AxFe2-ySe2 and correctly predicts the spin wave spectrum, in quantitative agreement with the experimental observation. These results suggest that the local moment picture, including the biquadratic term, can describe accurately the magnetic properties and spin excitations in AxFe2-ySe2, which sheds new light on the future study of the high-Tc iron-based superconductors.

In this paper, particular CVD processes of so-called Se method with solid substances as starting materials was investigated to fabricate ZnSe. On the basis of detailed experimental researches, the growth model and dominant regime of deposition rate were discussed. ZnSe of high optical properties was produced under optimized process conditions. The grain size of CVD ZnSe by Se method is less than 10μm, and its average transmittance in the wavelength range of 0.55~20μm is up to 70%.

Aim Retinal anatomical studies have used the Drasdo & Fowler three-refracting surface schematic eye to convert between retinal distances and object field angles. We compared its performance at this task with those of more sophisticated four-refracting surface schematic eyes. Method Raytracing was performed for Drasdo & Fowler, Lotmar, Navarro, Liou & Brennan, Kooijman and Atchison schematic eyes, and some of their variants. Results The Drasdo & Fowler eye gives a greater rate of change of object field angle with retinal distance at the retinal centre of about 5% than the other schematic eyes. This rate of change also increases much more quickly into the peripheral retina for the Drasdo & Fowler eye than for the other eyes. The reason for these differences is only that the Drasdo & Fowler eye is shorter than the other eyes. The relationship between retinal distance and visual field angle appears robust to changes in retinal radius of curvature when the retina is spherical. The retinal asphericity of Kooijman and Atchison eyes appears to play a role beyond 14 mm (~50°). Conclusion Changing the length of the Drasdo & Fowler eye, to match those of the four-refracting surface schematic eyes, gives similar relationships between retinal distance and object field angle up to a retinal distance of approximately 14 mm (~50°). The relationship will change with refractive error as this is related to axial length and to retinal shape, and this should be taken into consideration for accurate conversions. For distances and angles beyond 14 mm and ~50°, retinal shape should be taken into account.

To investigate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) in the cardioprotection of intermittent hypoxia (IH) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts were used to measure variables of left ventricular function during baseline perfusion, ischemia, and reperfusion period. Nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) content in myocardium was measured using a biochemical method. iNOS mRNA and protein expression in rat left ventricles were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Myocardial function recovered better in IH rat hearts than in normoxic control hearts. The iNOS-selective inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) (100 μmol/L) significantly inhibited the protective effects of IH, but had no influence on normoxic rat hearts. The baseline content of NOx in IH hearts was higher than that in normoxic hearts. After 30 min ischemia, the NOx level in normoxic hearts increased compared to the corresponding baseline level, whereas there was no significant change in IH hearts. However, the NOx level in IH hearts was still higher than that of normoxic hearts during ischemia and reperfusion period. AG 100 μmol/L significantly diminished the NOx content in IH and normoxic hearts during ischemia and reperfusion period. The baseline levels of iNOS mRNA and protein in IH hearts were higher than those of normoxic hearts. Compared to the corresponding baseline level, iNOS mRNA and protein levels in normoxic rat hearts increased and those in IH rat hearts decreased after reperfusion. The addition of AG 100 μmol/L significantly decreased iNOS mRNA and protein expression in IH rat hearts after I/R. IH upregulated the baseline level of iNOS mRNA and protein expression leading to an increase in NO production, which may play an important role in the cardiac protection of IH against I/R injury.

The aim of this study was to investigate the protection afforded by intermittent hypoxia (IH) against ischemia/reperfusion injury and its effects on calcium homeostasis during ischemia/reperfusion. The roles of KATP channels in these two actions were to be explored. Isolated hearts from IH and normoxic rats were subjected to 30 min global ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion. Cardiac function was less deteriorated during ischemia and reperfusion in the IH rat hearts compared to normoxia rat hearts. Amplitude of the maximal contracture during ischemia was lower, while time to maximal contracture was extended in IH hearts. Post-ischemic recovery of left ventricular developed pressure and +/-dP/dtmax were higher in IH hearts than in normoxic hearts. KATP antagonist glibenclamide (10 microM) completely abolished these protective effects of IH, but had no appreciable influence on normoxic hearts. In cardiomyocytes isolated from normoxic hearts, [Ca2+]i, measured as arbitrary units of fluorescence ratio (340 nm/380 nm) of fura-2, gradually increased during 20 min simulated ischemia and kept at high level during 30 min reperfusion (1.081 +/- 0.004 and 1.088 +/- 0.006 respectively, p0.01 vs pre-ischemia perfusion). However, in cardiomyocytes isolated from IH hearts, [Ca2+]i kept at normal level during ischemia and reperfusion (1.012 +/- 0.006 and 1.021 +/- 0.002 respectively, P0.05 vs pre-ischemia perfusion). 10 microM glibenclamide and 100 microM 5-hydroxydecanoate (a selective mitochondria KATP antagonist) respectively abolished this effect of IH; calcium overloading reappeared during ischemia (1.133 +/- 0.007 and 1.118 +/- 0.007 respectively, P0.01) and reperfusion (1.091 +/- 0.004 and 1.095 +/- 0.012 respectivly, P0.01). However they had no effects on simulated ischemia and reperfusion-induced calcium overloading in normoxic myocytes. 50 microM pinacidil, a KATP opener, attenuated calcium overloading during ischemia and reperfusion in normoxic myocytes, but had no effect on [Ca2+]i change in IH myocytes. These results suggested that KATP channels contributed to the cardiac protection induced by IH against ischemia/reperfusion injury; the elimination of calcium overloading during ischemia/reperfusion by IH might underlie the mechanism of protection.