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Research on longitudinal trends in readmission rates after diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is lacking. This retrospective study was aimed at identifying trends in readmissions after hospitalization for DKA, as well as trends in outcomes after readmission, over time among adults with type 1 diabetes in the United States. Findings indicate that the DKA readmission rate increased from 53 to 73 events per 100,000 between 2010 to 2018, and low-income and uninsured patients had higher odds of readmission. There was no significant change in mortality after readmission over time. Improved access to care and affordable management options may play a crucial role in preventing readmissions.

This retrospective study describes the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on epidemiologic trends and highlights disparities in outcomes among acute myocardial infarction (AMI) hospitalizations. The National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 to 2020 was searched for hospitalizations of adult patients with AMI as a principal diagnosis using Clinical Classifications Software Refined codes. The admission rate for each calendar year was obtained as admission per 1000 adults hospitalized. The primary outcome was a comparison of inpatient mortality, and the secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay and total hospital charge between prepandemic and pandemic years. During the pandemic (2020), the admission rate for AMI was 31.1 admissions per 1000 adults hospitalized compared to 33.4 admissions in 2019 (prepandemic) (P

The COVID-19 pandemic altered healthcare delivery in the United States. This study examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiological trends and outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding. We compared the admission rate, in-hospital mortality rate, and mean length of hospital stay between 2019 and 2020 to estimate the pandemic effect. The study highlighted disparities in outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding hospitalizations stratified by sex and race. We noted a 9.5% reduction in the total number of hospitalizations in 2020. We also observed a 13% increase in overall mortality during the pandemic (P

Longitudinal data on the trends in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) readmissions are limited. We aimed to study trends in 30-day readmissions of patients admitted for SLE flares and all SLE hospitalizations in the USA from 2010 to 2018.Data were obtained from the nationwide readmission database (NRD). We performed a retrospective 9-year longitudinal trend analysis using the 2010-2018 NRD databases. We searched for index hospitalizations of adult patients diagnosed with SLE using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Elective and traumatic readmissions were excluded from the study. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were used to calculate the adjusted p value trend for categorical and continuous outcomes, respectively.The 30-day readmissions following index admissions of all SLE patients and for SLE flares decreased from 15.6% in 2010 to 13.3% in 2018 (adjusted p trend 0.0001), and 20.3% in 2010 to 17.6% in 2018 (adjusted p trend = 0.009) respectively. Following SLE-flare admissions, hospital length of stay (LOS) decreased from 6.7 to 6 days (adjusted p trend = 0.045), while the proportion with a Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score ≥ 3 increased from 42.2 to 54.4% (adjusted p trend 0.0001) during the study period. SLE and its organ involvement, sepsis, and infections were common reasons for 30-day readmissions.About 1 in 5 SLE-flare admissions resulted in a 30-day readmission. The 30-day readmissions following index hospitalization for SLE flares and all SLE hospitalizations have decreased in the last decade. Although the readmission LOS was reduced, the CCI score increased over time. Key Points • The 30-day readmissions following index hospitalization for SLE flares and all SLE hospitalizations have reduced in the last decade although the CCI score increased over time. • SLE, its organ involvement, and infections are common reasons for readmission. • Infection control strategies, optimal management of SLE and its complications, and emphasis on an ideal transition of care are essential in reducing SLE readmissions.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT), generally considered rare, is becoming increasingly recognized with advanced imaging. Limited data exist regarding readmissions in PVT and its burden on the overall healthcare cost. This study aimed to outline the burden of PVT readmissions and identify the modifiable predictors of readmissions.The National Readmission Database (NRD) was used to identify PVT admissions from 2016 to 2019. Using the patient demographic and hospital-specific variables within the NRD, we grouped patient encounters into two cohorts, 30- and 90-day readmission cohorts. We assessed comorbidities using the validated Elixhauser comorbidity index. We obtained inpatient mortality rates, mean length of hospital stay (LOS), total hospital cost (THC), and causes of readmissions in both 30- and 90-day readmission cohorts. Using a multivariate Cox regression analysis, we identified the independent predictors of 30-day readmissions.We identified 17,971 unique index hospitalizations, of which 2,971 (16.5%) were readmitted within 30 days. The top five causes of readmissions in both 30-day and 90-day readmission cohorts were PVT, sepsis, hepatocellular cancer, liver failure, and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The following independent predictors of 30-day readmission were identified: discharge against medical advice (AMA) (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.86; P = 0.002); renal failure (aHR 1.44, P = 0.014), metastatic cancer (aHR 1.31, P = 0.016), fluid and electrolyte disorders (aHR 1.20, P = 0.004), diabetes mellitus (aHR 1.31, P = 0.001) and alcohol abuse (aHR 1.31, P ≤ 0.001).The readmission rate identified in this study was higher than the national average and targeted interventions addressing these factors may help reduce the overall health care costs.

The study involved hospitalizations with a diagnosis of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTGAP). This cohort was grouped into plasmapheresis and nonplasmapheresis groups using ICD-10 codes (6A550Z3 and 6A551Z3). Information was obtained on inpatient mortality, length of stay, total hospital charges, as well as the occurrence of comorbid systemic immune response syndrome, sepsis, septic shock, acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, kidney failure, hypocalcemia, and need for transfusion of blood products. The study identified independent predictors of plasmapheresis. The plasmapheresis group had a higher proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity. Inpatient mortality was higher in the plasmapheresis group (0.86% vs 0.57%), and plasmapheresis was also associated with longer length of stay and higher total hospital charges. Overall, plasmapheresis was associated with higher proportions of inpatient complications. Patients with HTGAP had higher odds of undergoing plasmapheresis if they were in an urban location (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.14, 95% confidence Interval [CI] 1.86–20.28, P = 0.003), larger hospital (aOR 3.37, 95% CI 2.14–5.29, P

Background/Aims: Proinflammatory cytokines released from adipocytes can influence the development, progression, and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and may be associated with worse clinical outcomes. Methods: For 2016–2018, we analyzed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify adult (≥18 years) hospitalizations with a primary discharge diagnosis of IBD. The study sample was divided based on the presence or absence of obesity. The primary outcomes included inpatient mortality, while the secondary outcomes consisted of system-based complications and disease implications on the United States healthcare system.Results: We identified 282,005 hospitalizations of IBD from 2016 to 2018. Of these hospitalizations, 26,465 (9.4%) had a secondary diagnosis of obesity while 255,540 (90.6%) served as controls. IBD hospitalizations with obesity had a higher mean age (47.9 years vs. 45.2 years, PPPPP

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a well-established cause of acute pancreatitis often leading to significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. This study aimed to describe the rate, reasons, and predictors of HTG-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) in the USA.This retrospective study analyzed the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) for 2018 to determine all adults (≥ 18 years) readmitted within 30 days of an index hospitalization of HTG-AP. Hospitalization characteristics and adverse outcomes for 30-day readmissions were highlighted and compared with index admissions of HTG-AP. Furthermore, independent predictors for 30-day readmissions of HTG-AP were also identified. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.In 2018, the rate of 30-day readmission of HTG-AP was noted to be 13.5%. At the time of readmission, AP (45.2%) was identified as the most common principal diagnosis, followed by chronic pancreatitis (6.3%) and unspecified sepsis (4.8%). Compared to index admissions, 30-day readmissions of HTG-AP had a higher proportion of patients with Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores ≥ 3 (48.5% vs. 33.8%, P0.001). Furthermore, we noted higher rates of inpatient mortality (1.7% vs. 0.7%, odds ratio (OR): 2.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.83 - 3.57, P0.001), mean length of stay (LOS) (5.6 vs. 4.1 days, OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 - 1.7, P0.001), and mean total healthcare charge (THC) ($56,799 vs. $36,078, OR: 18,702, 95% CI: 15,136 - 22,267, P0.001) for 30-day readmissions of HTG-AP compared to index admissions. Independent predictors for 30-day all-cause readmissions of HTG-AP included hypertension, protein energy malnutrition (PEM), CCI scores ≥ 3, chronic kidney disease and discharge against medical advice.AP was the principal diagnosis on presentation in only 45.2% patients for 30-day readmissions of HTG-AP. Compared to index admissions, 30-day readmissions of HTG-AP had a higher comorbidity burden, inpatient mortality, mean LOS and mean THC.

BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is a chronic liver disease with varying disease severity. Readmissions of ALC are associated with poor outcomes. AIM To identify and assess trends of readmissions for ALC over an eight-year period. METHODS This retrospective interrupted trend study analysed 30-d readmissions of ALC in the United States from 2010 to 2018 using the National Readmissions Database. Hospitalization for ALC was the reason for index admission obtained using the International Classification of Diseases codes (571.2 and K70.3X). Biodemographic characteristics and hospitalization trends were highlighted over time. A multivariate regression analysis model was used to calculate the trend for risk-adjusted odds of 30-d all-cause ALC readmissions, ALC specific readmission rate, ALC readmission proportion, inpatient mortality, mean length of stay (LOS) and mean total hospital cost (THC) following adjustments for age, gender, grouped Charlson Comorbidity Index, insurance, mean household income, and hospital characteristics. RESULTS There was a trend towards increasing total 30-d readmissions of ALC from 7660 in 2010 to 15085 in 2018 (P < 0.001). Patients readmitted for ALC were noted to have an increasing comorbidity burden over time. We noted a rise in the risk-adjusted 30-d all-cause readmission of ALC from 24.9% in 2010 to 29.9% in 2018 (P < 0.001). ALC-specific readmission rate increased from 6.3% in 2010 to 8.4% in 2018 (P < 0.001) while ALC readmission proportion increased from 31.4% in 2010 to 36.3% in 2018 (P < 0.001). Inpatient mortality for 30-d readmissions of ALC declined from 10.5% in 2010 to 8.2% in 2018 (P = 0.0079). However, there was a trend towards increasing LOS from 5.6 d in 2010 to 6.3 d in 2018 (P < 0.001) and increasing THC from 13790 dollars in 2010 to 17150 dollars in 2018 (P < 0.001). The total days of hospital stay attributable to 30-d readmissions of ALC increased by 119.2% while the total attributable hospital costs increased by 149% by the end of 2018. CONCLUSION There was an increase in the 30-d readmission rate and comorbidity burden for ALC; however, inpatient mortality declined. Additionally, there was a trend towards increasing LOS and THC for these readmissions.

The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiological trends, outcomes in hospitalized patients, and the disease burden of hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This was a retrospective interrupted trends study involving hospitalizations for DKA in patients with T1DM in the US from 2008 to 2018 using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The total number of hospitalizations during each calendar year was obtained, and trends in inpatient mortality rate, mean length of hospital stay (LOS), and mean total hospital cost (THC) were calculated. Between 2008 and 2018, there was a trend toward increasing hospitalizations for T1DM with DKA (P-trend 1. There was no statistically significant change in adjusted inpatient mortality in patients with T1DM admitted for DKA over the study period despite an apparent trend of a decreasing crude mortality rate (P-trend = 0.063). There was a statistically significant decrease in both LOS and THC over the study period. In conclusion, there was a significant decrease in both LOS and THC, potentially reflecting improvements in the management of DKA in patients with T1DM.

Background Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in the USA. Currently, there are limited data on the inpatient outcomes of patients admitted with a diagnosis of NVUGIB stratified according to teaching hospital status. We analyzed data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) intending to evaluate these outcomes. Methods We queried the NIS 2016 and 2017 databases for NVUGIB hospitalizations by teaching hospital status. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality while secondary outcomes were rate of endoscopy for hemostasis, rate of early endoscopy (endoscopy in 1 day or less), mean time to endoscopy, rate of complications including acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory failure (ARF), need for blood transfusion, development of sepsis, need for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation as well as healthcare utilization. Results There were over 71 million weighted discharges in the combined 2016 and 2017 NIS database. A total of 94,900 NVUGIB cases were identified with 63.4% admitted in teaching hospitals. The in-hospital mortality for patients admitted with an NVUGIB in teaching hospitals was 1.98% compared to 1.5% in non-teaching hospitals (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08 - 1.77, P = 0.010) when adjusted for biodemographic and hospital characteristics as well as comorbidities. Patients admitted with a diagnosis of NVUGIB in teaching hospitals had a 10% adjusted increased odds of getting endoscopy for hemostasis (27.0% vs. 24.5%, aOR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02 - 1.19, P = 0.016) compared to patients in non-teaching hospitals. There was, however, no difference in early endoscopy between the two groups. Conclusion Patients admitted at teaching hospitals for an NVUGIB had worse outcomes during hospitalizations including mortality, median length of stay, and total hospital charges when compared to NVUGIB patients managed at non-teaching hospitals.

The goal of this study was to examine healthcare burden, hospitalizations, mortality, and healthcare cost utilization from hyperthyroidism to further our understanding of the effect of changes in thyroid disease management over the past decade. This was a retrospective longitudinal trends study involving hospitalizations for hyperthyroidism in the US from 2008 to 2018. We trended crude hospitalization rate, estimated incidence of hospitalizations, trends in inpatient mortality rate, mean length of hospital stay, and mean total hospital cost of patients with hyperthyroidism. The number of hyperthyroid hospitalizations decreased from 12,689 in 2008 to 9110 in 2018 (28.2%) (P trend

Background This study was designed to determine the epidemiological trends and adverse outcomes of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). Methods This retrospective interrupted trend study analyzed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for the years 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 to identify adult (≥ 18 years) hospitalizations with a diagnosis of HPS. We highlighted epidemiological trends for HPS. Inpatient mortality, mean length of stay (LOS) and mean total hospital charge (THC) were estimated using multivariate regression trend analysis. Results We observed an increase in the total number of HPS hospitalizations from 1,565 in 2012 to 2,495 in 2018, with mean age ranging from 55.8 to 58.1 years. There was a trend towards increasing hospitalizations (P-trend < 0.001) with increasing mean age (P-trend = 0.003) for HPS. Whites made up most of the study population. The inpatient mortality for HPS ranged from 12.4% to 12.6%, but there was no statistically significant trend for mortality (P-trend = 0.534) between 2012 and 2018. Additionally, there was no change in both mean LOS (P-trend = 0.545) and mean THC (P-trend = 0.534) for HPS for these years. Conclusions Hospitalizations and mean age for HPS were on the rise. Inpatient mortality ranged from 12.4% to 12.6%; however, a statistically significant trend for mortality was absent.

BACKGROUND Pacemaker implantation in the U.S. is rising due to an aging population. The aim of this analysis was to identify risk factors associated with increased mortality and complications in hospitalized patients requiring pacemaker implantation. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis using the National Inpatient Sample database, identifying hospitalized patients who underwent pacemaker implantation using International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Independent predictors of inpatient mortality were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS There were 242,980 hospitalizations with pacemaker implantation during 2016 and 2017. The most frequently encountered indications for hospitalizations involving pacemaker insertion included sick sinus syndrome (SSS) (27.60%), complete atrioventricular (AV) block (21.57%), and second-degree AV block (7.83%). Chronic liver disease was associated with the highest adjusted odds of inpatient mortality (aOR = 5.76, 95% CI: 4.46 to 7.44, p

Percutaneous left atrial appendage device closure has been offered as an alternative to anticoagulation for high-risk patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Given the relative novelty of the procedure, we aimed to analyze the rates and causes of immediate (30 days) and short-term (90 days) readmission after the procedure.We performed a retrospective observational study using the Nationwide Readmissions Database for 2018. We studied 29 449 hospitalizations for percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) device closure.In both the 30- and 90-day cohorts, the most common causes of readmissions were gastrointestinal bleeding (16.1% and 14.8%), heart failure exacerbation (11.1% and 11.6%), and atrial fibrillation (6.2% and 7.2%). Female sex, liver disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic pulmonary disease, presence of heart failure, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome status, and diabetes mellitus were independently associated with higher odds of readmission in both cohorts.Our study highlights the need for further deliberation on the choice and duration of anticoagulation periprocedurally after percutaneous LAA closure, especially among those with high bleeding risk. It also highlights the need for optimization of heart failure status periprocedurally to avoid readmissions for exacerbations.

Background Heart failure constitutes significant morbidity and mortality among the pediatric population. Few data exist on the prevalence and mortality rate of pediatric heart failure (pHF) in the United States. Objectives This study aimed to determine the in-hospital mortality and the principal diagnoses in pediatric patients with heart failure who died while being hospitalized in the United States. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 Kid Inpatient Database (KID). The KID contained data on hospitalized children below 21 years of age. Using Stata 17 software (StataCorp LLC, College Station, Texas), the data were searched for heart failure diagnoses using International Classification of Diseases 10th revision Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes. By using the "rank" command in Stata, the most common principal diagnoses were placed in descending order of frequency, and these were further divided into different ICD-10 code categories. Results There were 16,206 pHF admissions in 2019. Of these admissions, 1,023 (6.31%) patients died. The top five principal ICD 10 code categories among all pHF deaths in descending order were circulatory system (17.95%), congenital/chromosomal abnormalities (17.43%), respiratory system (10.28%), infectious diseases (9.24%, and perinatal diseases (7.90%). Among all pHF deaths, sepsis of unspecified organisms (5.14%), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) (3.19%), and acute respiratory failure with hypoxia (3.14%) were the most common primary diagnoses. Conclusion and significance Pediatric heart failure in-hospital overall mortality is 6.31%, and sepsis of unspecified organisms, HLHS, and acute respiratory failure are the most common principal diagnoses among these children. Preventive measures and prompt treatment of infections are paramount to reducing pHF mortality.

Background: With increasing utilization of cannabis in the United States (US), clinicians may encounter more cases of Gastroparesis (GP) in coming years.Objective: The primary outcome was inpatient...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe rates and characteristics of non-elective 30-day readmission among patients hospitalized for adrenal insufficiency and to assess predictors of readmission. DESIGN We analysed the 2018 National Readmission Database. Adrenal insufficiency hospitalizations were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revisions, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes for principal diagnostic codes of primary adrenal insufficiency, Addisonian crisis, drug-induced adrenocortical insufficiency, and other and unspecified adrenocortical insufficiency. PATIENTS During the study period, 7738 index hospitalizations were identified as patients with AI who met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 7691 were discharged alive. MEASUREMENTS We utilized chi-squared tests to compare baseline characteristics between readmissions and index hospitalizations. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify independent predictors of readmission. RESULTS The 30-day all-cause readmission rate for AI was 17.3%. About 1 in 5 readmissions was for AI. Other reasons for readmission included sepsis (10.8%), unspecified pneumonia (3.1%) and acute renal failure unspecified (1.6%). Readmission was associated with significantly higher odds of inpatient mortality. Independent predictors of 30-day all-cause readmissions included index hospitalizations with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥3 (adjusted hazards ratio (aHR): 2.53, 95% CI: 1.85-3.46, p

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive anaerobic spore forming bacillus that can cause infection in a setting of antibiotic use. Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in an inpatient setting and is frequently associated with significant antibiotic administration. This study aims to compare the outcomes of C. difficile infection (CDI) with and without pneumonia to determine the impact of pneumonia in hospitalized patients with CDI. This population-based retrospective observational propensity matched analysis study uses data from the National Inpatient Sample database for the years 2016 and 2017. The primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, total hospital charges, and mean length of stay. Secondary outcomes were the rates of sepsis, septic shock, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), acute renal failure, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. In-hospital mortality was noted to be higher in patients with pneumonia than those without (6.5% vs 1.2%, adjusted OR (aOR) 3.85; 95% CI 2.90 to 5.11, p

Context Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious endocrine emergency, associated with morbidity and mortality. Readmissions play a significant but sometimes preventable role in healthcare cost burden on the US. Objective This study aimed to describe rates and characteristics of nonelective 30-day readmission among adult patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) hospitalized for DKA and also identify predictors of readmission. Methods The study analyzed the 2018 Nationwide Readmission Database. DKA hospitalizations in patients with T1DM were classified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. We utilized chi-squared tests to compare baseline characteristics between readmissions and index hospitalizations. Multivariable Cox regression was employed to identify independent predictors of readmission. Following this, we developed a 30-day readmission risk scoring system based on independent predictors. Results The 30-day all-cause readmission rate for DKA was 19.4%. A majority of patients (64.8%) had DKA as the principal diagnosis on readmission. Readmitted patients had a significantly higher mean age (35.3 vs 34.9 years, P = .018) and a higher proportion of females (52.8 vs 49.6%, P Conclusion The readmission rate for DKA in T1DM patients is high, and most patients have DKA as the principal diagnosis on readmission. A CCI equal to or greater than 3, hypertension, female sex, and being discharged AMA were significant predictors of readmission.

This study aimed to describe the trends, inpatient outcomes, and disease burden of hospitalizations for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Our study included data on hospitalizations with a principal discharge diagnosis of CD and UC gathered from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. Individuals ≤18 years and elective hospitalizations were excluded. From 2008 to 2018, we noted a rising trend for UC hospitalizations (P trend < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant trend for CD hospitalizations (P trend = 0.249). The overall inpatient mortality for UC downtrended from 1.09% in 2008 to 0.42% in 2014 (P trend < 0.001). Additionally, inpatient mortality for CD also downtrended with a decrease from 0.28% in 2008 to 0.17% in 2016 (P trend = 0.002). Odds of inpatient mortality from 2008 to 2018 were significantly higher for UC than for CD. In conclusion, both CD and UC saw a significant decline in mortality over the study period, but UC hospitalizations had a higher odds of inpatient mortality for all study years.

Immunotherapy is rapidly evolving secondary to the advent of newer immunotherapeutic agents and increasing approval of the current agents by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat a wide spectrum of cancers. Immunotherapeutic agents have gained immense popularity due to their tumor-specific action. Immunotherapy is slowly transforming into a separate therapeutic entity, and the fifth pillar of management for cancers alongside surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, like any therapeutic entity it has its own adverse effects. With the increasing use of immuno-therapeutic agents, it is vital for physicians to acquaint themselves with these adverse effects. The aim of this review is to investigate the common systemic adverse effects and toxicities associated with the use of different classes of immunotherapeutic agents. We provide an overview of potential adverse effects and toxicities associated with different classes of immunotherapeutic agents organized by organ systems, as well as an extensive discussion of the current recommendations for treatment and clinical trial data. As we continue to see increasing usage of these agents in clinical practice, it is vital for physicians to familiarize themselves with these effects.

Background Gastroparesis (GP), meaning “gastric palsy”, is a chronic medical condition characterized by delayed or absent gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. The primary objective of this study was to determine the patient-specific outcomes and the burden of GP on the US healthcare system. Methods This was a population-based, retrospective study designed to analyze data available from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for 2016 and 2017. Using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes, we identified adult (18 years or older) hospitalizations with a principal diagnosis of GP. The study sample was further classified into two distinct groups based on the presence or absence of GP, namely diabetic GP (DGP) and non-diabetic GP (NDGP). The primary outcome of our study was inpatient mortality secondary to GP while the secondary outcomes included the odds of system-based complications and the burden of the disease on the United States healthcare system. Results We identified 99,695 adult (≥ 18 years) hospitalizations with a principal discharge diagnosis of GP in 2016 and 2017. Of these patients, 78.1% (77,885) had DGP and 21.9% (21,810) were classified in the NDGP group. We noted a higher proportion of women (79.3% vs. 63.4%, P < 0.001), patients with a history of smoking (35.8% vs. 31.7%, P < 0.001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (10.7% vs. 7.6%, P < 0.001) in the NDGP group. After adjusting for common confounders excluding age, the inpatient mortality for GP was found to be 0.25%. Furthermore, after adjustments were made for the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), we noted higher odds of mortality in the NDGP group (0.30% vs. 0.23%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.75 - 5.79, P < 0.001) compared to the DGP group. Additionally, patients with NDGP had a higher mean length of stay (5 vs. 4.1 days, P < 0.001) and higher mean total hospital charge ($44,100 vs. $35,500, P < 0.001) compared to those with DGP. The NDGP group also had higher odds of sepsis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE); however, the odds of developing acute kidney injury (AKI) were lower than that of the DGP group. Conclusions The inpatient mortality for GP was found to be 0.25%. After adjusting for CCI, patients with NDGP had higher odds of inpatient mortality compared to the DGP group. Additionally, patients with NDGP were associated with a longer length of hospital stay, mean total healthcare cost and higher odds of complications such as sepsis, DVT and PE during the hospitalization.

Introduction Several comorbidities have been associated with the syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). However, not much literature documents an association between SIADH and obesity, and there is a marked paucity of research documenting the impact of obesity on outcomes in patients hospitalized with SIADH. Method We extracted data from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for 2019. The NIS contains hospital discharge information estimating yearly US hospitalizations. We included hospitalizations with a principal discharge diagnostic code for SIADH using the ICD-10-CM code (E22.2). The study excluded hospitalizations of patients less than 18 years. This cohort was divided based on the secondary diagnosis of obesity. Outcomes included comparing inpatient mortality rates, mean length of hospital stay (LOS), mean hospitalization cost (THC), rates of septic shock, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute respiratory failure (ARF), acute renal failure (AKI), acute pulmonary edema (PE) between the subgroups. An adjustment was made for age, sex, race, primary payer, median household income by zip code, Carlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), hospital location, bed-size, and teaching status using multivariate regression analysis. Statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. Results In 2019, a total of 39,110 hospitalizations involved patients with SIADH as the reason for the admission and 7.7% of these admissions had comorbid obesity. A higher proportion of hospitalizations involved females, with more of the obese cohort being females (65.7 vs 61.4%, p=0.034). Patients with obesity comparatively had a lower mean age (67.9±13.1 vs 73±13.3 years, p2, and a higher proportion of Whites. In patients with SIADH, obesity was associated with no difference in mortality (1.1 vs 1.3%, p=0.589) or THC, but patients with obesity had higher odds of increased LOS (5.6 vs 4.9 days, p=0.007), AKI (20 vs 11.3%, aOR: 1.88, p Conclusions Comorbid obesity was associated with higher LOS and odds of AKI and ARF, but there was no difference in mortality, THC, CVA, PE, septic shock or AMI compared to SIADH hospitalizations without obesity. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

Syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a disease of unsuppressed secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and its continued action on the Vasopressin (V2) receptors. It is characterized by hyponatremia in a setting of hypervolemia or euvolemia. In this study, we aimed to identify and compare demographic characteristics, adverse outcomes, and complications of SIADH hospitalizations with and without comorbid atrial fibrillation (AF). We analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for 2019 to identify all adult (≥18 years) hospitalizations with a principal diagnosis of SIADH using the ICD-10-CM code (E22.2). Patients 2 compared to the non-AF cohort. Although there was a higher proportion of females in the AF cohort (61.4% vs 63.1%, p=0.252), we did not find a statistically significant difference for gender between the two subgroups. SIADH hospitalizations with AF were associated with higher adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of inpatient mortality (2.1 vs 0.9%, aOR: 2.45, p Presentation: No date and time listed