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1. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (79th, Anaheim, CA, August 10-13, 1996). Communication Theory and Methodology Division.

Author

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

Abstract

The communication theory and methodology section of the Proceedings contains the following 20 papers: "Political Adwatches and the Third-Person Effect" (Ekaterina Ognianova and others); "Understanding Adopters of Audio Information Services" (Kimberly A. Neuendorf and others); "A Principal-Agent Approach to the Study of Media Organizations: Toward a Theory of the Media Firm" (Philip Napoli); "Self-Perceived Knowledge and the Third-Person Effect: Media Influence During the O.J. Simpson Trial" (Michael B. Salwen and Paul D. Driscoll); "A Dialogue with the State" An Ellulian Conception of Media Hegemony and Human Agency" (Rick Clifton Moore); "Third-Person Perception and Support for Censorship of Sexually Explicit Visual Content: A Korean Case" (Changhyun Lee and Seungchan Yang);"Arousing Messages: Reaction Time, Capacity, Encoding" (Annie Lang and Robert F. Potter); "The Media and Voter Turnout: An Investigation of People's Willingness to Vote in the 1992 Presidential Election" (Nojin Kwak); "Amount of Invested Mental Effort and Learning from Media: A Conceptual Review" (Tom Kelleher); "Situational Influence of Political Involvement on Information Seeking: A Field Experiment" (Stacey Frank Kanihan and Steven H. Chaffee); "Let's Talk about What We're Watching: Parental Behavior towards Children's Gender and Age Regarding Television Viewing" (Kristine Kay Johnson and others); "A Model of Affect and Expertise: An Examination of Their Roles in Media Effects Research" (Li-Ning Huang and others); "The Interplay between Affective States in News Processing: An Examination of the 'Warmer' Side of Audience Activities" (Mei-Ling Hsu); "Willingness to Speak Out and the Spiral of Silence: A Meta-Analysis" (Carroll J. Glynn and others); The Bias of Political Science in the Study of Mass Media and Democracy" (Erik P. Bucy and Paul D'Angelo); "Paring Down to the Bare Bones of Communication Phenomena with Cognigraphics: An Elemental Analysis of Headline Impact on Ad Recall" (Fiona Chew and others); "A Comparative Assessment of the Effects of Exposure to Media Reports and Political Ads on Voter Learning and Voting Intention" (Mahmoud A.M. Braima and others); "Taking on the Tube: An Examination of Parents' Media Behavior, Attitudes and Discussion Regarding Television" (Erica Weintraub Austin and others); "Consideration for Choosing Triangulation as Mass Communication Research Method" (Donna A. Allen); and "Prime Time Stereotyping on the New Television Networks" (B. Carol Eaton). Individual papers contain references. (RS)

Published
1996

2. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (79th, Anaheim, CA, August 10-13, 1996). Mass Communication and Society Division.

Author

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

Abstract

The mass communication and society section of the Proceedings contains the following 17 papers: "Deviance in News Coverage of On-Line Communications: A Print Media Comparison" (Lisa M. Weidman); "Political Tolerance of Environmental Protest: The Roles of Generalized and Specialized Information" (Catherine A. Steele and Carol M. Liebler); "First Ladies: A Look at Coverage in Two Major Newspapers" (Erica Scharrer and Jacqueline Arnold); "Agenda-Setting with an Ethnic-Relevant Topic: Ethnicity and Public Salience of Illegal Immigration" (Michael B. Salwen and Frances R. Matera); "Media Dependency Theory and the Perception of Violence in Professional Ice Hockey" (Quint B. Randle); "The Mediating Role of Public Mood: New Explorations in the Relationship between Media Use and Political Knowledge/Attitudes" (Ekaterina Ognianova and others); "Finding the Smoking Gun: Local Media and Community Ties" (Debra Merskin and Mara Huberlie); "Roles Journalists Play: An Examination of Journalists' Roles as Manifested in Samples of Their Best Work" (Divya C. McMillin); "Online Cities: Are They Building a Virtual Public Sphere or Expanding Consumption Communities?" (Sally J. McMillan and Kathryn B. Campbell); "Drug Problems and Government Solutions: A Frame Analysis of Front-Page Newspaper Headlines about the Drug Issue, 1987-1994" (Robert W. Leweke); "The Press and the Not-So-Mean Streets: The Relative Influence of the Media on Public Knowledge of Crime Rates" (Thomas J. Johnson and others); "On the N- and F-Words: Quantifying the Taboo" (Paul Martin Lester); "Building the Terrorism Agenda, 1981-1994: The Media, the President and Real World Cues" (Patrick M. Jablonski and Christopher Sullivan); "'Sports Illustrated', 'The War on Drugs,' and the Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990: A Study in Agenda Building and Political Timing" (Bryan Denham); "News from Hell before Breakfast: The Clash of Military and Media Cultures during the Persian Gulf War" (Jay DeFrank); "The Private Line: How Theodore Vail of AT&T Invoked the Concept of 'Public Interest' to Enhance the Company's Position as a Monopoly" (Kerry Anderson Crooks); and "The Paradox of Parenting Magazines: Cultivation Theory and Information Seeking" (Valerie Barker and David Dozier). Individual papers contain references. (RS)

Published
1996

3. Teaching English through Newspapers.

Author

Kitao, Kenji

Abstract

Instructional techniques used for college-level English-as-a-Second-Language instruction using newspapers are described. The techniques begin with a class discussion of how reading newspapers can be useful to students of English, introduction of the English newspapers available locally (in this case, in Japan), and advice on getting started reading newspapers. Specific reading strategies are outlined: frequent reading; reading brief articles; reading similar articles at first; reading without a dictionary; understanding the article as a whole; and comparing Japanese and English language versions. Students are told the kinds of information they will find in a newspaper, beyond news stories, and how the paper is organized. Idiosyncratic features of headlines, including deleted words, verb tense, punctuation, and abbreviation, are explained. Organization and grammar of news articles are also detailed. Classroom activities applying and extending this knowledge are included within the text, and additional exercises are appended. Contains 23 references. (MSE)

Published
1995

4. Challenging Popular Media's Control by Teaching Critical Viewing.

Author

Couch, Richard A.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to express the importance of visual/media literacy and the teaching of critical television viewing. An awareness of the properties and characteristics of television--including camera angles and placement, editing, and emotionally involving subject matter--aids viewers in the critical viewing process. The knowledge of how television works can be used to help teachers, parents, and students understand the potential of media to manipulate. Parents and teachers can support critical viewing by asking children to control their viewing time, analyze what they see and hear, and share their judgements with other children and adults. Bias in newspapers and television news can be detected through selection and omission of details; headlines; photos, captions and camera angles; use of names and titles; and choice of words. (AEF)

Published
1995

5. Language and Memory: Implications for Multi-Lingual International News Organizations.

Author

Mansfield-Richardson, Virginia

Abstract

A study tested the ability of 40 students at Ohio University, 20 Americans and 20 Chinese, to recall parts of nine news headlines flashed at them on pieces of paper. Students in communication subjects or linguistics were excluded as being too knowledgeable in communication theories. The hypothesis for the study stated that native Chinese speakers (character-based language users) have stronger recall of the overall meaning in headlines, compared to native English speakers (phonetic-based language users), who have stronger recall of names and proper nouns but not of the headline's overall meaning. Quantitatively, this hypothesis was not supported. However, in looking specifically at the number of headlines remembered and what was recalled, the hypothesis was supported. Furthermore, in general, women test subjects were more likely to give brief one-to-four-word recall responses, while men were more likely to remember longer passages. Overall, Chinese students tested had much stronger memories than American students tested. This experimental project is very relevant to international mass communication as more and more publications opt to publish several different language versions of the same edition. This not only requires keen translation, but also an understanding that the language a person speaks determines how that person perceives the world. Contains 37 references. (TB)

Published
1994

6. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (75th, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, August 5-8, 1992). Part XIV: Newspapers.

Author

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

Abstract

The Newspapers section of the proceedings contains the following 11 papers: "News Items in the 'Shrinking Foreign Newshole': The Case of the New York Times" (Daniel Riffe and others); "Newspaper Coverage of Gays and Lesbians: Editors' Views of Its Longterm Effects" (Marilyn Greenwald and Joseph Bernt); "Effects of Staff Gender on Newspaper Content" (Terri Catlett); "Constructing Gay Death in the Newspaper: Three Stories of Men with AIDS" (Roger Simpson); "'Opening the Pandora's Box': Were American Media Guilty of Negligence in Disclosing Tiananmen Protestors' Identities?" (Lubo Li); "Coverage of Persons with Disabilities in Prestige and High Circulation Dailies" (John S. Clogston); "Editorial Treatment of U.S. Foreign Policy in the New York Times: The Case of Pakistan (1980-90)" (Mughees-uddin); "Tolerance of Senior Daily Newspaper Editors for Photographs of People with AIDS and Gays and Lesbians" (Joseph P. Bernt and Marilyn S. Greenwald); "Outside the Frame: Newspaper Coverage of the Sugar Ray Leonard Wife Abuse Story" (Michael A. Messner and William S. Solomon); "The International Flow of News in Major U.S. Newspapers: The 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre" (Kangcong Zhang and Guy E. Lometti); and "Newspaper Ties, Community Ties and the Evaluation of a Local Community" (Judith M. Buddenbaum). (HB)

Published
1992

7. RSS: Lo-Fi Content Syndication.

Author

Bannan, Karen J.

Abstract

Rich Site Summary (RSS) is an XML format designed to let content providers share news headlines and content with other sites without having to create a completely new Web page. Discusses three issues to consider before creating a newsfeed: content integrity, bandwidth issues, and spellcheck. Identifies resources for getting started and the two main RSS competitors. (AEF)

Published
2002

8. CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. May 1999.

Author

Turner Educational Services, Inc., Newtown, PA. and Cable News Network, Atlanta, GA.

Abstract

These classroom guides, designed to accompany the daily CNN (Cable News Network) Newsroom broadcasts for the month of May, provide program rundowns, suggestions for class activities and discussion, links to related World Wide Web sites, and lists of related news terms. Top stories include: Reverend Jesse Jackson secures release of U.S. soldiers held captive by the Yugoslavian government, Columbine students resume studies, tornadoes lay waste to entire neighborhoods in Oklahoma and Kansas, President Clinton visits Europe to refocus attention on NATO's military objectives, foreign ministers agree to Kosovo peace plan (May 3-7); China's government allows demonstrations against the U.S. embassy, President Clinton convenes a strategy session on school violence, global politics of the Kosovo conflict have changed, Robert Rubin resigns as Treasury Secretary, Israelis are divided about upcoming parliamentary elections (May 10-14); Israeli's voters choose Ehud Barak as their new prime minister, supporters of Barak are cautiously optimistic, National Science Foundation study focuses on natural hazards, six students shot by a classmate in Georgia (May 17-21); President Clinton highlights concerns about violence and family values in a commencement address, congressional report details allegations of Chinese nuclear espionage, space shuttle Discovery is poised for return to the International Space Station, United Nations War Crimes Tribunal indicts Yugoslavia's President Milosevic (May 24-28). (AEF)

Published
1999

9. CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. March 1999.

Author

Cable News Network, Atlanta, GA. and Turner Educational Services, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

Abstract

CNN Newsroom is a daily 15-minute commercial-free news program specifically produced for classroom use and provided free to participating schools. These daily classroom guides present top stories, headlines, environmental news, and other current events, along with suggested class discussion topics and activities to accompany the broadcasts for one month. Top stories for the month of March include: Lebanese guerrillas bomb a convoy, killing four Israelis; Olusegun Obasanjo wins the Nigerian presidency; United State Senate panel releases an interim progress report about the Year 2000 (Y2K) problem; United States Supreme Court rules public school districts must pay for professional nurses to accompany disabled students in school; Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun dies at age 90; Libya accepts a U.S.-British proposal to hand over the Lockerbie bombing suspects; Joe DiMaggio dies at age 84; U.S. Senate panel to examine Chinese spying allegations; conflicts between the Chinese government and Tibetans escalate; Poland joins NATO; fighting intensifies as Kosovo peace talks begin round two; ethnic Albanian Kosovars agree to sign the peace accord, while Serbs continue to reject NATO troops; European Union commissioners resign under allegations; Paris negotiators "go through the motions" in Kosovo; China responds to allegations of espionage and U.S. policy toward China; U.S. Envoy Richard Holbrooke heads to Yugoslavia; U.S. and NATO poised to launch attacks over the issue of Kosovo; diplomacy fails in Yugoslavia; NATO launches airstrikes against Yugoslavia; Allies and others react to "Operation Allied Force" and NATO's actions within the bounds of international law; NATO intensifies airstrikes; evidence of a Serb campaign to redesign the ethnic composition of Kosovo; and Russia's diplomatic efforts are rejected by NATO and Ethnic Albanians leave Kosovo. (AEF)

Published
1999

10. CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. February 1999.

Author

Turner Educational Services, Inc., Newtown, PA. and Cable News Network, Atlanta, GA.

Abstract

These classroom guides, designed to accompany the daily CNN (Cable News Network) Newsroom broadcasts for the month of February, provide program rundowns, suggestions for class activities and discussion, links to related World Wide Web sites, and lists of related news terms. Topics include: Monica Lewinsky scheduled to be deposed for the Senate, Monica Lewinsky testifies, Vernon Jordan testifies for House managers, White House Aide Sidney Blumenthal offers testimony in the impeachment trial, Senators vote to allow excerpts of taped witness testimony to be played before closing arguments (February 1-5); the death of Jordan's King Hussein, House prosecutors and White House lawyers wrap-up impeachment arguments, efforts to open Senate's deliberations fall short by eight votes, politicians consider how the impeachment will impact elections in the year 2000, Senate enters the final phase of impeachment deliberations (February 8-12); the President is acquitted on both Articles of Impeachment, Iraq threatens to attack U.S. and British bases in Turkey if allied planes continue to patrol Iraqi no-fly zones, Kurdish demonstrators protest throughout Europe in support of Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Ocalan, Kurdish demonstrators continue their global protest, NATO prepares to send troops to Kosovo (February 15-19); new deadline for a peace agreement looms over Serbia, the war of words and weapons escalates as negotiators try to reach a peace deal for Kosovo, background report on the recent history of Kosovo, "hate" is alive and well in the U.S., new fears over the ongoing conflict in Kosovo (February 22-26). (DLS)

Published
1999

11. Coverage of the Rosenberg Case: May 20-June 22, 1953.

Author

Lewis, Cherie

Abstract

This study examines the coverage of the Rosenberg case in the "New York Times,""Chicago Tribune," and the "New Orleans Times-Picayune," from 20 May until 22 June 1953, the month prior to the execution. These three major metropolitan dailies represent different geographical areas and political orientations. It was hypothesized that bias was shown in the use of inflammatory headlines, anticommunist labels, and stereotypes; the lack of coverage of actions by defense attorney Bloch; and the more frequent reference to government officials and prosecuting attorneys than to defense attorneys and Rosenberg supporters. The study found that all three newspapers reflected some anticommunist bias, the "New York Times" most subtly. The "Chicago Tribune" made much use of labels and inflammatory headlines, appearing to reflect the strongest bias of the three papers. The "New Orleans Times-Picayune" obtained most of its material from the wire services; little bias was reflected in its news stories. The study concludes that journalists did reflect the biases of their day in the coverage of the Rosenberg case. (Author/JM)

Published
1976

12. Handbook for Journalists. Revised.

Author

University of Southern California, Los Angeles. School of Journalism. and Copperud, Roy H.

Abstract

This handbook was developed for the University of Southern California "Daily Trojan" student newspaper staff and the School of Journalism. It is a compendium of suggestions based on the problems that inexperienced reporters, copyreaders, and new staff members encounter. Contents include "In General," which discusses censorship, responsibility, and standards on the "Daily Trojan"; "Reporting," which examines the role of the reporter, journalistic accuracy, and information gathering; "Copyreading," which reviews editing policy and rules; "Pictures," which stresses accuracy in cutlines and the importance of cropping; "Proofreading," which treats the kinds of corrections that may be made on proofs; and "Stylebook," which sets down principles of style to ensure consistency. (RB)

Published
1973

13. Professional Journalism Skills.

Author

Civil Service Commission, Chicago, IL. Regional Training Center.

Abstract

This paper provides guidelines and exercises designed for a three-day seminar to encourage effective journalistic writing. Among the topics discussed are communication theory, general rules in writing, the news story, editing, the feature story, interviews, and headlines. Appendixes include an Associated Press style-guide exercise, news and feature story fact sheets, and a bibliography. (KS)

Published
1977

14. The Use of Graphic Devices in a Competitive Situation: A Case Study of 10 Cities.

Author

Utt, Sandra H. and Pasternack, Steve

Abstract

Through an examination of the appearance of the front pages of separately owned, competitive newspapers in 10 cities in the United States, a study explored the extent to which these newspapers have become modern in their use of graphic devices. Specifically, the study investigated (1) the relationship between a market's newspaper circulation gap and the likelihood of appearance similarity between the two daily newspapers, (2) whether the circulation trailer tended to use more modern graphic devices than the circulation leader, (3) whether morning newspapers tended to be more traditional in their appearance than evening or all-day newspapers, and (4) whether a newspaper's total circulation is related to its use of modern graphic devices. Data revealed that pairs of competing newspapers tended to be more similar in their use of graphic devices than those not in close competition, that newspaper trailers tended to use more modern graphics than leaders, and that larger circulation newspapers tended to use more traditional graphics than smaller circulation newspapers. The findings suggest that as competition increases, sameness in newspaper appearance increases. (Copies of scales used in the study are appended). (CRH)

Published
1984

15. Headlines in Newspapers and Libel Law: A Need to Reconsider the Traditional Approach?

Author

Pasternack, Steve

Abstract

Noting that the impressions left by the large, bold type of newspaper headlines have frequently resulted in libel suits, a study explored the individual and interactive roles played by defamatory headlines and news articles in a reader's perception of the contents. Four separate versions of a news article and its headline were prepared by the researcher. Subjects, 40 students from an undergraduate biology course at New Mexico State University, were randomly divided into four groups. Each group was then given one of four versions of a news article and headline prepared by the researcher. Each member of the group read the article and completed a questionnaire. The results indicated that a headline that identifies someone and falsely defames that person could cause more damage than a libelous article. These results suggest that courts should be aware of the fact that a medium-sized headline can significantly damage a reputation, regardless of what the article states. Therefore, the current trend of examining the accompanying article to such a headline in order to determine libel must be reevaluated. (DF)

Published
1986

16. Reporting Lebanon the Christian Way: The Media in the United States on Lebanon: Part I, A Media Source Guide, Issues for the '80s.

Author

Council on International and Public Affairs, New York, NY. and Peretz, Don

Abstract

This guide is intended to provide journalists with a critical analysis of U.S. media coverage of Lebanon and the underlying issues which make it such a difficult story to cover. It is one of a series of guides treating topics of concern to the U.S. media. The major portion of the guide contains an article, "Reporting Lebanon the Christian Way," in which specific examples of oversimplification, misinformation, and biased selectivity on the part of the media in their coverage of the missile crisis in Lebanon during 1981 are described. For example, during this period most of the media featured news that inevitably led to the conclusion that the crisis was just another battle by Israel and the West against international Soviet instigated terrorism. The guide also contains annotated listings of universities and research centers and nonacademic information sources on the Middle East. The names and addresses of U.S.-based scholars informed about Lebanon are also provided. (RM)

Published
1982

17. CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. November, 1998.

Author

Cable News Network, Atlanta, GA. and Turner Educational Services, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

Abstract

These classroom guides, designed to accompany the daily Cable News Network (CNN) Newsroom broadcasts for the month of November, provide program rundowns, suggestions for class activities and discussion, student handouts, and a list of related news terms. Topics include: Iraq refuses to cooperate with United Nations weapons inspectors, expansion of a Jewish settlement threatens to delay implementation of the Wye Accord, voting for House, Senate, and governors' seats in this year's midterm elections, assistance in the wake of Hurricane Mitch, and devastation in Honduras and Nicaragua caused by Hurricane Mitch (November 2-6); House Speaker Newt Gingrich announces his intention to resign, relief workers scramble to get basic necessities to stranded victims of Hurricane Mitch, standoff over weapons inspections in Iraq, the United States sends more military hardware and troops towards Iraq as diplomats evacuate, and Iraq continues to defy United Nations (UN) inspection demands (November 9-13); the showdown with Iraq is temporarily averted, the Leonid Meteor Shower returns, weapons inspectors are back in Iraq, impeachment hearings of President Clinton begin on Capitol Hill, and impeachment hearing questioning of Independent Counsel Ken Starr (November 16-20); Iraq must officially answer a United Nations request for weapons documents, and the possible AOL/Netscape merger (November 23-24); and widespread hunger continues in Somalia in spite of international aid (November 30). (AEF)

Published
1998

18. CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. August 1998.

Author

Cable News Network, Atlanta, GA. and Turner Educational Services, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

Abstract

These Classroom Guides, designed to accompany the daily CNN (Cable News Network) Newsroom broadcasts for the month of August, provide program rundowns, suggestions for class activities and discussion, links to pertinent World Wide Web sites, and lists of related news terms. Topics include: meetings over weapons inspections in Iraq could either defuse or ignite another crisis, Iraq talks collapse, the fate of the West Bank is the latest roadblock in the Mideast peace process, Monica Lewinsky testifies before the grand jury today as the political drama continues, stock market recovers, (August 3-7); terrorist bombings claim lives in the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, July 1998 was the hottest month on record, two boys are sentenced for a school shooting in Jonesboro, Arkansas, the Surveyor satellite sends more pictures of the Martian surface, new crew for Mir (August 10-14); a drop in oil prices causes economic problems around the world, "Real IRA" apologizes for bombing, world leaders react to American attacks (August 17-21); hurricane Bonnie gains strength, flood toll rises in China, torrential rains in Texas, President Clinton unveils a system to detect possible violent behavior in youth (August 24-28); and Russia situation update (August 31). (DLS)

Published
1998

19. CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. June 1998.

Author

Cable News Network, Atlanta, GA. and Turner Educational Services, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

Abstract

CNN Newsroom is a daily 15-minute commercial-free news program specifically produced for classroom use and provided free to participating schools. These daily classroom guides present top stories, headlines, environmental news, and other current events, along with suggested class discussion topics and activities to accompany the broadcasts for one month. Top stories for the month of June include: an earthquake in Afghanistan; the legal tug-of-war between Bill Clinton and Ken Starr; lift-off of the shuttle Discovery; relief efforts for earthquake victims in Afghanistan; United States Supreme Court rejection of Ken Starr's request for a hearing; the first global "Drug Summit"; death of Nigerian president Sani Abacha; violence on the border of Ethiopia and Eritrea; curbing supply as the focus of the Drug Summit; ethnic cleansing in Kosovo; Iraq and UNSCOM agreement on a plan to address disarmament; President Clinton's agenda for his trip to China; Albanians in Kosovo abandon non-violence in favor of armed insurrection; World Cup ticket scams; Israel's plan to expand Jerusalem may put the brakes on the peace process; the Clinton administration's efforts to eliminate tobacco use among teens; President Clinton's preparation to embark on a controversial trip to China; a proposed telecommunications mega-merger; Supreme Court strikes down the line item veto; impact of the Tiananmen Square massacre on U.S./China relations; and President Clinton visits Shanghai. (AEF)

Published
1998

20. CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. May 1-29, 1998.

Author

Cable News Network, Atlanta, GA. and Turner Educational Services, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

Abstract

CNN Newsroom is a daily 15-minute commercial-free news program specifically produced for classroom use and provided free to participating schools. These guides are designed to accompany the program broadcasts for May 1-29, 1998. Top stories include: effects of a labor strike on Denmark's economy (May 1); the new currency of the European Union, the "euro" (May 4); attempts at Middle East peace agreements in London (May 5); a new proposal by the United States aimed at jumpstarting the Mideast peace process (May 6); an explosion in space (May 7); an international merger, creating the world's fifth largest automaker (May 8); Sinn Fein approves the Northern Ireland peace agreement (May 11); the international community reacts to nuclear testing by India (May 12); attention on the"Seinfeld" finale (May 13); President Clinton calls for tough sanctions against India for its nuclear testing (May 14); violence over the economic and political situation in Indonesia (May 15); the 50th anniversary of the "Declaration of Human Rights" (May 18); the United States Department of Justice accuses Microsoft of unfair competition in the software industry (May 19); Indonesian President Suharto's resignation (May 21); Northern Ireland's citizens approve the peace accord (May 26); students at Thurston High return to school (May 27); a High School in Oregon is the site of gun violence (May 22); firefighters battle blazes in Florida (May 28); and Pakistan defies threats of international sanctions and denotes five nuclear devices (May 29). (AEF)

Published
1998

21. CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. April 1-30, 1998.

Author

Cable News Network, Atlanta, GA. and Turner Educational Services, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

Abstract

CNN Newsroom is a daily 15-minute commercial-free news program specifically produced for classroom use and provided free to participating schools. These daily Classroom Guides are designed to accompany the broadcast, and contain activities for discussing top stories, headlines, and other current events topics; each guide also includes World Wide Web links. A program rundown with segment and program times is provided at the beginning of each daily guide. The topics of top stories for April, 1998 are: President Clinton in Africa (April 1); the judge's dismissal of Paula Jones' civil case against President Clinton (April 2); pilgrims in Mecca making a journey known as Hajj (April 3); South Korea's welcome of North Korea's proposal for renewed peace talks (April 6); the Moslem trek to Mount Arafat as part of the Hajj (April 7); peace talks in Northern Ireland (April 8); tobacco companies backing out of settlement talks with the United States Government (April 9); President Clinton's visit to tobacco farmers in Kentucky (April 10); a peace agreement in Northern Ireland (April 13); merger of two banking giants in the United States (April 14); President Clinton's hosting of a town hall meeting focusing on sports and racial issues (April 15); Columbia astronauts' mission to study the nervous system in space (April 16); death of Pol Pot (April 17); Summit of the Americas (April 20); Chinese dissident Wang Dan, exiled to the United States wanting to return to Beijing (April 21); Earth Day (April 22); possible epidemic of AIDS in eastern Europe (April 23); death of James Earl Ray (April 24); conflict in Kosovo (April 27); United Nations continued sanctions against Iraq (April 28); reprieve for social security and Medicare (April 29); and the 50th anniversary of the birth of the Israeli nation (April 30).

Published
1998

22. Typography Rules, Part 2: Tips and Terms.

Author

Schaub, Laura

Abstract

Offers definitions of terminology associated with typography. Notes several questions designers of high school and college student publications can use to evaluate their work. (SR)

Published
1998

23. News Research for Better Newspapers. Volume 2.

Author

American Newspaper Publishers Association Foundation, Washington, DC. and Bush, Chilton R.

Abstract

This volume is a reproduction of summaries by the American Newspaper Publishers Association Foundation (ANPAF) designed to put to the test of public response some of the various components which go into making a newspaper, including headline and type size, the use of captions, and story location. The main purpose is to supply data which editors can use in making their own judgments, but an effort is made not to tell editors how to edit. Of the 74 summaries in this volume, 39 represent research done in the universities, 6 were sponsored by the ANPAF, 21 represent research done by individual newspapers, and 8 represent research done by others. The studies are arranged under the following chapter headings: "How and When the Newspaper Is Read,""Some Audience Characteristics,""Readership,""Readership by Teenagers,""Some Communication Behavior,""Typography,""Headlines,""News and Editorial Policy,""Free Press and Fair Trial," and "Miscellaneous." (RB)

Published
1967

24. Helpful Hints for the Journalism Teacher and Publication Adviser.

Author

Journalism Education Association. and Matlock, C. Marshall

Abstract

This book is designed to help journalism teachers and publications advisors improve the journalistic skills of high school students in the classroom through yearbook and newspaper activities. Hundreds of techniques and suggestions for teaching students to write, prepare headlines, design layout, and sell and prepare advertisements are presented. The suggestions on writing include teaching students how to write columns, features, and editorials, as well as how to report on news and sports. The document concludes with sample forms that are useful to high school journalism staffs in obtaining information and releases for purposes of publication. (RB)

Published
1972

25. CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. September 1997.

Author

Turner Educational Services, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

Abstract

CNN Newsroom is a daily 15-minute news program specifically produced for classroom use and provided free to participating schools. These classroom guides, designed to accompany the daily CNN (Cable News Network) Newsroom broadcasts for September 2-29, 1997, provide program rundowns, suggestions for class activities and discussion, student handouts, and a list of related news terms. Top stories include: Princess Diana's death; investigation by French authorities into Princess Diana's death; debate about British monarchy and preparations for Princess Diana's funeral; suicide bombs in a Jerusalem mall; death of Mother Teresa of Calcutta; good and bad news on the Mir space station; United States Secretary of State Albright heads for the Middle East; NASA's Mars "Global Surveyor" goes into orbit; mourning for Mother Teresa's death; Mother Teresa's funeral; Northern Ireland peace talks; famine in North Korea; the United States opts not to sign the Oslo Landmine Ban Treaty; Chelsea Clinton heads for college; Attorney General Janet Reno reviews charges of illegal fundraising against President Clinton and Vice President Gore; Yugoslavia elections; United States Congressional hearings on the Internal Revenue Service; the "Little Rock Nine" and the 40-year anniversary in the fight to desegregate public schools; Mir repairs and United States assistance; and United States astronaut David Wolf to board Mir. (AEF)

Published
1997

26. CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. August, 1997.

Author

Turner Educational Services, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

Abstract

These guides are designed to accompany CNN Newsroom, a daily 15-minute news program produced for classroom use and provided free to participating schools. Top stories include: peace talks stalled due to a suicide bombing in a Jerusalem market; inauguration of Iran's new president; UPS strike; budget agreement signed into law; news on teenage drug use; launching of space shuttle Discovery and updates on space station Mir; President Clinton's line-item veto; U.S. envoy tries to jumpstart Mideast peace process; drought in North Korea; McVeigh sentencing; E. Coli contamination in beef; tentative agreement in UPS strike; UPS strike settlement; Montserrat's erupting volcano; new allegations in facing the Teamsters Union; developments in the Tobacco industry; F. W. deKlerk resigns from politics in South Africa; Japan's government reports a 15-year old nuclear waste disposal accident; and scientists find evidence of "rivers" of gases on the sun. (AEF)

Published
1997

27. Typography Rules: Are They Made To Be Broken? Part 1.

Author

Schaub, Laura

Abstract

Notes that, when choosing type for newspapers, yearbooks, or other student-produced pieces, designers should always keep in mind the "target audience." Suggests a basic set of 16 rules designers should follow when selecting types for printed publications. Concludes that it is important to be creative when choosing type, but making sure the type is readable is paramount. (RS)

Published
1997

29. Playing the Percentages: Sex in Connecticut.

Author

MacNeal, Edward

Abstract

Remarks on the "odd" headlines relating to sex in Connecticut, noted as being the only state having a law that bans the use of contraceptives. Cites many incidences of false headlines, in which the body of the article invalidates the headline. States that examples include "92% of young men have AIDS virus"--a gross distortion of the facts. (PA)

Published
1996

30. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (78th, Washington, DC, August 9-12, 1995). Communication Theory and Methodology Division.

Author

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.

Abstract

The Communication Theory and Methodology section of the proceedings contains the following 18 papers: "The Continuing Question of Motivation in the Knowledge Gap Hypothesis" (Tom Weir); "Memory Decay and the Agenda-Setting Effect: An Examination of Three News Media" (Wayne Wanta and Melissa J. Roy); "Open, Closed, or Both: Expanding the Flexibility of Question Formats in Survey Research" (Paul S. Voakes); "Telling the Truth: Respondent Accuracy in Mass Media Polling" (James Simon and others); "Cultivation Theory Revisited: Another Look at the Theory and Implications for Future Research" (Shinichi Saito); "The Influence of Severity, Vulnerability, and Response Efficacy on Information Seeking and Behavioral Intention" (Kurt Neuwirth and others); "Cultivation and the Influence of Media in Public Opinion Homogenization" (Kimberly Neuendorf and others); "Measuring the Ideological Center in Press Coverage of Election Campaigns" (Tien-tsung Lee and Anthony Y.H. Fung); "The Role of the Self in the Third-Person Effect: A View from Cognitive and Motivational Perspectives" (Li-Ning Huang); "Community Newspapers, Community Pluralism and the Local Impact of Non-Local Groups" (Douglas Blanks Hindman); "Redefining 'Know Nothings'" (Dixie Evatt); "A Spatial Model of Ideology and Political Communication: Voter Perceptions of News Reporting" (James W. Endersby and Ekaterina V. Ognianova); "Family Communication Patterns and Family Functioning: A New Look at an Old Construct" (Joan L. Conners and Lewis R. Horner); "Agenda Setting Reconsidered: The Process at Work in Music Radio" (Joseph E. Burns); "Call-In Media Exposure and Strength of Candidate Preference: An Analysis of the 1992 NES Pre-/Post-Election Survey" (Erik P. Bucy); "Schematic Frames and Reader Learning: The Effect of Headlines" (Glen L. Bleske); "The Influence of Presidential Agenda-Setting on the Mass Media's Coverage of the 'Information Superhighway'" (Lisa A. Beinhoff); and "Reconsidering the Theoretical Linkage between Risk Communication and Relative Personal Invulnerability: A Path Analysis" (Yu-Wei Hu). (RS)

Published
1995

31. Effects of Headings and Headlines in a Corporate Annual Report on Text Recall and Attitudes about the Organization.

Author

Seidman, Steven A.

Abstract

A study of 57 undergraduate/graduate students to determine the effects of headings and headlines in corporate annual reports on recall of textual information and attitudes of readers about the company. Study found no statistical differences in cognitive performance or attitudes. Results suggest a relationship might exist between headings and headlines and improved learning. Recommends further research. (Author/PEN)

Published
1995

32. What's in It for Me?

Author

Salopek, Jennifer Jackson

Abstract

Graphic design expert Jan White presents five principles to make alumni magazines more dynamic and more relevant to readers: (1) reach the reader; (2) write better captions; (3) pack photographs with power; (4) keep the design consistent; and (5) effectively integrate visual material and text. (MDM)

Published
1995

33. Theory of Synesthesia Applied to Persuasion in Print Advertising Headlines.

Author

Nelson, Michelle R. and Hitchon, Jacqueline C.

Abstract

Tests the persuasive impact of synesthetic metaphors (which equate sense A to sense B) in advertising headlines. Finds that in some circumstances, synesthetic headlines produce less, rather than more, favorable attitudes toward the advertisement and brand than literal equivalents. (SR)

Published
1995

34. Designing Instructional Text for Older Readers: A Literature Review.

Author

Hartley, James

Abstract

Reviews research literature on the design of text for older readers. Topics include improving typographically simple layouts through the use of larger type, more readable text, clearer layouts, and summaries, headings and signals; and improving typographically complex texts such as income tax forms, diagrams, and procedural instructions. (31 references) (KRN)

Published
1994

35. News Discourse: The Paratextual Structure of News Texts.

Author

Frandsen, Finn

Abstract

This paper examines the paratextual structure of news texts, i.e., the headline system (superheadline, main headline, and subheadline) and the lead. In the first part of the paper T. A. van Dijk's interdisciplinary theory (1988) of "news in the press" is reviewed with special reference to the status and function assigned to the paratext. In the second part of the paper, an alternative theoretical framework is presented. The fundamental hypothesis of this theory is that the paratextual units of news texts constitute a coherent and relatively autonomous microsystem, despite certain structural and functional differences, and that this microsystem is placed as a text strategic field (threshold) between the sender and receiver of news text. Appended are samples of news text to illustrate the theory. (Author/JP)

Published
1992

36. Using Newspapers to Study Media Bias.

Author

Kirman, Joseph M.

Abstract

Suggests that students can learn to recognize media bias by studying media reports of current events or historical topics. Describes a study unit using media coverage of the second anniversary of the Palestinian uprising against Israel. Discusses lesson objectives, planning, defining bias teaching procedures, and criteria for determining bias. (DK)

Published
1992

37. Marquee Value.

Author

Fyten, David

Abstract

Suggestions are offered to campus editors on ways to make periodical article headlines more arresting. Stressed are the need for accuracy, appropriate length, use of poetics, and cleverness. Examples of good and poor headlines are offered and the need to devote adequate time to headline preparation is stressed. (DB)

Published
1992

38. Design Trends in U.S. Front Pages, 1885-1985.

Author

Barnhurst, Kevin G. and Nerone, John C.

Abstract

Analyzes the visual form of three newspapers' front pages from 1885 to 1985. Finds that front pages became a more uniform, more efficient map of the news. Concludes that ideas behind this "design revolution" (with their sources in design theory and news ideology rather than in economics or technology) have been influencing front pages for over 50 years. (SR)

Published
1991

39. Creating Better Newsletters.

Author

Ekhaml, Leticia

Abstract

Presents tips for creating a successful schoolwide newsletter by using desktop publishing software applications. Provides examples of information to include in a library media center newsletter. Discusses readers' needs, layout and format, graphics, news leads and headlines, and visual images, as well as various newswriting and editing techniques. (AEF)

Published
1996

40. Newspaper Design.

Author

Turner, Ralph J.

Abstract

Provides a step-by-step guide to choosing the most appropriate layout for a school newspaper. States that although content is the most important factor, layout is also an integral factor in catching reader interest. Describes formats, the use of body type, headline treatments, and the use of art. Presents a 13-item bibliography with more sources for consultation. (PA)

Published
1996

41. Have You 'Hugged' Your Readers Today?

Author

Turner, Ralph J.

Abstract

Discusses ways to write effective headlines that can help make newspapers more "reader friendly." (SR)

Published
1993

45. The Graphic Journalist Comes of Age.

Author

Sullivan, Dolores P.

Abstract

Presents a formula for structural page design that can help the student journalist create graphically pleasing pages that emphasize news content. (MM)

Published
1984

46. Stick Your Neck Out! Write a Better Headline.

Author

Arnold, George T.

Abstract

Discusses some of the pitfalls inherent to writing news headlines. Distinguishes between feature and editorial headlines and news headlines. (HTH)

Published
1984

47. Yearbooks, Magazines, Newspapers.

Abstract

Provides photographs and descriptions of attention-getting layouts used in high school and college yearbooks, magazines, and newspapers. (DF)

Published
1986

50. Cles pedagogiques (Teaching Ideas).

Author

Bertocchini, Paola

Abstract

Three ideas for class activities are described: comprehension of newspaper and magazine headlines and titles; the pronunciation, formation, and use of acronyms; and the extraction and elaboration of a story from a popular song. (MSE)

Published
1986

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