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2. ПОИСК НЕЙТРИНО УЛЬТРАВЫСОКИХ ЭНЕРГИЙ ПО ДАННЫМ НАЗЕМНОЙ РЕШЕТКИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТА TELESCOPE ARRAY

Author

Taka Tomida, J. Remington, Kenta Yashiro, Yasunori Saito, M. Abe, O. Kalashev, Jonathan Smith, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, Federico R. Urban, Yuichiro Tameda, H. Oda, Akimichi Taketa, T. Suzawa, Naoaki Hayashida, Shingo Kawana, Yasuhiro H. Takahashi, John N. Matthews, Isaac Myers, Vladim Kuzmin, William Hanlon, Elliott Barcikowski, Seok Ho Jeong, K. Nagasawa, B. G. Cheon, Hidemi Ito, Fumiya Shibata, Zach Zundel, J. Yang, S. Kitamura, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, R. Sahara, John Belz, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Fumio Kakimoto, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Toshitsugu Fujii, Daisuke Ikeda, R. Ishimori, Yuta Tanoue, D. R. Bergman, S. R. Stratton, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Tiffany Wong, Hideki Tanaka, K. Kadota, Inkyu Park, Motoki Hayashi, Hisono Tokuno, T. K. Sako, J. P. Lundquist, D. C. Rodriguez, Ben Stokes, Toru Nakamura, K. Yamazaki, Hongsu Kim, S. B. Thomas, Masahiro Fukushima, S. Kawakami, K. Hibino, Pierre Sokolsky, Ryo Nakamura, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, T.-A. Shibata, Eiji Kido, M. V. Kuznetsov, Kazuhiro Machida, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Keitaro Fujita, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, Y. Uchihori, Kei Nakai, Kohei Yada, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Kazuo Saito, Charlie Jui, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Mayuko Minamino, Michiyuki Chikawa, K. Honda, Yasunori Kitamura, Grigory Rubtsov, Masaaki Tanaka, Kalen Martens, M. Takita, H. Yoshii, Bokkyun Shin, Koichi Sekino, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Maxim Pshirkov, Jyunsei Chiba, P. Tinyakov, Dongsu Ryu, Y. Omura, Mai Takamura, Y. Takagi, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Priti Shah, Ryuji Takeishi, J. Ogura, M. Allen, K. Kasahara, Shoichi Kishigami, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Tsunesada, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Masaomi Ono, K. Tsutsumi, Rasha Abbasi, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, L. M. Scott, Y. Hayashi, K. Kawata, M. Yamamoto, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, A. Di Matteo, Ryota Fujiwara, R. Mayta, Heungsu Shin, Naoto Sakaki, Shigeharu Udo, R. Azuma, H. Kawai, T. Seki, T. Matsuyama, S. Ozawa, and Sergey Troitsky

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy
Published
2020

3. Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes

Author

Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Hidemi Ito, N. Inoue, Takashi Sako, D. Ikeda, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Takayuki Tomida, Toru Nakamura, Federico R. Urban, Yuya Oku, Oleg Kalashev, Fumiya Shibata, Kenichi Kadota, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Pierre Sokolsky, M. Takeda, Zach Zundel, Shigehiro Nagataki, Sergey Troitsky, Toshiyuki Nonaka, M. Byrne, Kengo Sano, R. Sahara, Matt Potts, K. H. Lee, Yasunori Saito, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Ben Stokes, T.-A. Shibata, Heungsu Shin, S. B. Thomas, H. Tokuno, H. Yamaoka, Yuta Tanoue, Motoki Hayashi, J. P. Lundquist, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Michiyuki Chikawa, J. Remington, Y. Hayashi, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Igor Tkachev, Naohiro Sone, Y. Zhezher, Yoshihiko Nakamura, Akimichi Taketa, J. D. Smith, T. Fujii, Keitaro Fujita, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Vladim Kuzmin, H. Oda, K. Kawata, D. C. Rodriguez, S. Ozawa, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, S. Jeong, B. K. Shin, D. Rodeheffer, Naoaki Hayashida, B. G. Cheon, T. Matuyama, Kenta Yashiro, Mayuko Minamino, M. Allen, Tiffany Wong, R. Takeishi, Yuichiro Tameda, Isaac Myers, K. Honda, Ryota Fujiwara, John N. Matthews, John Belz, Elliott Barcikowski, K. Kasahara, Masaki Fukushima, Akitoshi Oshima, Fumio Kakimoto, Dmitri Ivanov, Naoto Sakaki, Paul R. Krehbiel, M. Yamamoto, Y. Takahashi, Keijiro Mukai, Masaomi Ono, Masato Takita, M. Wallace, K. Yamazaki, H. Kawai, Masaaki Tanaka, Nobuyuki Sakurai, S. Kawakami, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Saori Kasami, A. Di Matteo, T. Seki, Takafumi Uehama, Y. Tsunesada, Maxim Pshirkov, R. Mayta, R. LeVon, Hongsu Kim, Y. Uchihori, Eiji Kido, Kei Nakai, M. V. Kuznetsov, Kazuhiro Machida, K. Sekino, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, Inkyu Park, Grigory Rubtsov, William Rison, D. R. Bergman, R. U. Abbasi, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, J. H. Kim, Y. Omura, Dongsu Ryu, Mark A. Stanley, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, Ryo Nakamura, Kazuo Saito, H. Yoshii, M. Yosei, and K. Hibino

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Conjunction (astronomy), Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Electron, Radio atmospheric, 01 natural sciences, Lightning, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Electric field, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric electricity, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic-ray observatory, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In this paper we report the first close, high-resolution observations of downward-directed terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) detected by the large-area Telescope Array cosmic ray observatory, obtained in conjunction with broadband VHF interferometer and fast electric field change measurements of the parent discharge. The results show that the TGFs occur during strong initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) in the first few milliseconds of negative cloud-to-ground and low-altitude intracloud flashes, and that the IBPs are produced by a newly-identified streamer-based discharge process called fast negative breakdown. The observations indicate the relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs) responsible for producing the TGFs are initiated by embedded spark-like transient conducting events (TCEs) within the fast streamer system, and potentially also by individual fast streamers themselves. The TCEs are inferred to be the cause of impulsive sub-pulses that are characteristic features of classic IBP sferics. Additional development of the avalanches would be facilitated by the enhanced electric field ahead of the advancing front of the fast negative breakdown. In addition to showing the nature of IBPs and their enigmatic sub-pulses, the observations also provide a possible explanation for the unsolved question of how the streamer to leader transition occurs during the initial negative breakdown, namely as a result of strong currents flowing in the final stage of successive IBPs, extending backward through both the IBP itself and the negative streamer breakdown preceding the IBP., Comment: Typo fixed and reference added. Manuscript is 36 pages. Supplemental Information is 42 pages. This paper is to be published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. Online data repository: Open Science Framework DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/Z3XDA

Published
2020

4. Gamma Ray Showers Observed at Ground Level in Coincidence With Downward Lightning Leaders

Author

Fumiya Shibata, R. W. Springer, Maxim Pshirkov, John Belz, Akitoshi Oshima, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Fumio Kakimoto, D. R. Bergman, Zach Zundel, K. Hibino, Koichi Sekino, K. Kasahara, Y. Tsunesada, Hideaki Shimodaira, Ryo Nakamura, R. LeVon, Hongsu Kim, Kazuo Saito, Shoichi Kishigami, Heungsu Shin, Shunsuke Ozawa, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Hidemi Ito, K. Martens, Toshitsugu Fujii, M. Yamamoto, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, G. Vasiloff, Ryuji Takeishi, Masato Takita, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Masaomi Ono, Priti Shah, Hideki Tanaka, Grigory Rubtsov, M. Ohnishi, H. Yoshii, Ryota Onogi, Ben Stokes, Daisuke Ikeda, Elliott Barcikowski, Sergey Troitsky, Masaaki Tanaka, T. Matuyama, Vladim Kuzmin, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, M. Allen, Helio Takai, Takayuki Tomida, Dmitri Ivanov, Tiffany Wong, B. G. Cheon, Keijiro Mukai, S. Jeong, Masaki Fukushima, B. K. Shin, K. Oki, Federico R. Urban, J. Remington, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Rasha Abbasi, William Rison, H. Kawai, Michiyuki Chikawa, M. Byrne, Naoaki Hayashida, S. Kawakami, Kiyoshi Tanaka, S. B. Thomas, Akimichi Taketa, Y. Hayashi, Toru Nakamura, K. Kawata, T. Seki, Kenichi Kadota, J. Lan, Igor Tkachev, R. Cady, J. P. Lundquist, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, D. Rodeheffer, Toshiyuki Nonaka, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, S. Yoshida, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Tom Stroman, Naoto Sakaki, Kenta Yashiro, D. C. Rodriguez, Isaac Myers, Inkyu Park, Y. Uchihori, H. Tokuno, K. Yamazaki, J. D. Smith, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, J. H. Kim, J. Yang, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Paul R. Krehbiel, T. Goto, Eiji Kido, Pierre Sokolsky, Kazuhiro Machida, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, R. J. Thomas, and O. Kalashev

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Telescope, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Electron avalanche, law, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Cosmic-ray observatory, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Lightning detection, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Lightning, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), Satellite, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Bursts of gamma ray showers have been observed in coincidence with downward propagating negative leaders in lightning flashes by the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD). The TASD is a 700~square kilometer cosmic ray observatory located in southwestern Utah, U.S.A. In data collected between 2014 and 2016, correlated observations showing the structure and temporal development of three shower-producing flashes were obtained with a 3D lightning mapping array, and electric field change measurements were obtained for an additional seven flashes, in both cases co-located with the TASD. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) information was also used throughout. The showers arrived in a sequence of 2--5 short-duration ($\le$10~$\mu$s) bursts over time intervals of several hundred microseconds, and originated at an altitude of $\simeq$3--5 kilometers above ground level during the first 1--2 ms of downward negative leader breakdown at the beginning of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes. The shower footprints, associated waveforms and the effect of atmospheric propagation indicate that the showers consist primarily of downward-beamed gamma radiation. This has been supported by GEANT simulation studies, which indicate primary source fluxes of $\simeq$$10^{12}$--$10^{14}$ photons for $16^{\circ}$ half-angle beams. We conclude that the showers are terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), similar to those observed by satellites, but that the ground-based observations are more representative of the temporal source activity and are also more sensitive than satellite observations, which detect only the most powerful TGFs.

Published
2018

5. The bursts of high energy events observed by the telescope array surface detector

Author

Hiroshi Yamaoka, T. Suzawa, Robert M. Anderson, Hideaki Shimodaira, Isaac Myers, M. Abe, Kenta Yashiro, T. Goto, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, Maxim Pshirkov, Sergey Troitsky, A. L. Sampson, Takaaki Ishii, Kanako Yamazaki, Priti Shah, K. Tsutsumi, S. Kitamura, Fumiya Shibata, D. C. Rodriguez, Hidemi Ito, S. Kawakami, J. P. Lundquist, Keiji Saito, Igor Tkachev, R. Ishimori, John Belz, R. W. Springer, Pierre Sokolsky, Naoaki Hayashida, Akimichi Taketa, Ben Stokes, K. Oki, Koichi Sekino, H. Yoshii, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, Federico R. Urban, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, Michiyuki Chikawa, Hiroyuki Sagawa, R. Zollinger, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Heungsu Shin, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, Ryuji Takeishi, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Uchihori, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, K. Nagasawa, S. B. Thomas, Tomohiro Matsuda, H. Kawai, Mai Takamura, T.-A. Shibata, Fumio Kakimoto, Peter Tinyakov, Gordon Thomson, K. Hibino, Samuel Blake, Byung Gu Cheon, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Shoichi Ogio, Zach Zundel, Hang Bae Kim, G. Vasiloff, L. M. Scott, J. Ogura, K. Martens, Hideki Tanaka, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, B. K. Shin, Takayuki Tomida, Masato Takita, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Yasunori Kitamura, Rasha Abbasi, A. Nozato, Y. Hayashi, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, M. Allen, Inkyu Park, S. R. Stratton, K. Kawata, Masaaki Tanaka, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Tiffany Wong, Masaki Fukushima, Douglas Bergman, Takahiro Fujii, V. Kuzmin, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, S. Yoshida, Naoto Sakaki, O. Kalashev, Toru Nakamura, Eiji Kido, Kazuhiro Machida, Kenichi Kadota, T. Matsuyama, S. Ozawa, Yasunori Saito, K. Kasahara, Shoichi Kishigami, R. Azuma, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, Masaomi Ono, G. Rubtsov, Shingo Kawana, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, J. Yang, H. Tokuno, J. D. Smith, J. Lan, and Toshiyuki Nonaka

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Gamma ray, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Lightning, Particle detector, law.invention, Telescope, Air shower, law, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010306 general physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Terrestrial gamma-ray flash
Abstract

The Telescope Array (TA) experiment is designed to detect air showers induced by ultra high energy cosmic rays. The TA ground Surface particle Detector (TASD) observed several short-time bursts of air shower like events. These bursts are not likely due to chance coincidence between single shower events. The expectation of chance coincidence is less than 10 − 4 for five-year's observation. We checked the correlation between these bursts of events and lightning data, and found evidence for correlations in timing and position. Some features of the burst events are similar to those of a normal cosmic ray air shower, and some are not. On this paper, we report the observed bursts of air shower like events and their correlation with lightning.

Published
2017

6. First upper limits on the radar cross section of cosmic-ray induced extensive air showers

Author

John Belz, Eiji Kido, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Fumiya Shibata, Kazuhiro Machida, R. Ishimori, Takahiro Fujii, Helio Takai, M. Abou Bakr Othman, Maxim Pshirkov, J. H. Kim, W. R. Cho, C. Jayanthmurthy, O. Kalashev, R. W. Springer, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Charlie Jui, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Yasunori Kitamura, Masaaki Tanaka, G. Vasiloff, J. P. Lundquist, Toru Nakamura, Jyunsei Chiba, Kenichi Kadota, Akitoshi Oshima, Dongsu Ryu, Ryuji Takeishi, M. J. Chae, S. Kitamura, Hidemi Ito, K. Nagasawa, Y. Uchihori, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Fumio Kakimoto, T. Matsuyama, D. Z. Besson, M. Allen, Y. J. Kwon, Michiyuki Chikawa, Priti Shah, T. Suzawa, Hideyuki Ohoka, Isaac Myers, K. Oki, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, S. I. Lim, M. Ohnishi, Tomohiro Matsuda, S. Prohira, Masato Takita, Suresh Venkatesh, K. Yamazaki, J. Ogura, Mai Takamura, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, Ahmad RezazadehReyhani, Toshiyuki Nonaka, T. Goto, S. Udo, R. Azuma, Rasha Abbasi, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Pierre Sokolsky, Yuichiro Tameda, B. G. Cheon, John N. Matthews, L. M. Scott, Zach Zundel, Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny, Takaaki Ishii, Bokkyun Shin, A. Nozato, Y. Hayashi, Sergey Troitsky, Hongsu Kim, A. L. Sampson, K. Kawata, D. C. Rodriguez, V. Kuzmin, S. Kawakami, Akimichi Taketa, K. Martens, H. Kawai, S. Yoshida, Hideki Tanaka, M. Takeda, Daisuke Ikeda, M. Byrne, S. B. Thomas, S. R. Stratton, Shigehiro Nagataki, Tiffany Wong, Masaki Fukushima, J. Lan, Douglas Bergman, Ross Anderson, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Kenta Yashiro, K. Tsutsumi, R. Zollinger, Naoaki Hayashida, M. Abe, S. Kunwar, Igor Tkachev, R. Cady, David Schurig, K. Hibino, H. Yoshii, Y. Tsunesada, Shunsuke Ozawa, Ben Stokes, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, Federico R. Urban, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Inkyu Park, K. Kasahara, Masaomi Ono, G. Rubtsov, Takayuki Tomida, W.H. Gillman, H. Tokuno, J. D. Smith, Shingo Kawana, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, J. Yang, and J. C. Hanson

Subjects
Physics, Radar cross-section, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Pulse-Doppler radar, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Continuous-wave radar, Radar engineering details, Optics, Radar astronomy, law, Radar imaging, 0103 physical sciences, Radar, Radar display, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Remote sensing
Abstract

TARA (Telescope Array Radar) is a cosmic ray radar detection experiment colocated with Telescope Array, the conventional surface scintillation detector (SD) and fluorescence telescope detector (FD) near Delta, Utah, U.S.A. The TARA detector combines a 40 kW, 54.1 MHz VHF transmitter and high-gain transmitting antenna which broadcasts the radar carrier over the SD array and within the FD field of view, towards a 250 MS/s DAQ receiver. TARA has been collecting data since 2013 with the primary goal of observing the radar signatures of extensive air showers (EAS). Simulations indicate that echoes are expected to be short in duration (~10 microseconds) and exhibit rapidly changing frequency, with rates on the order of 1 MHz/microsecond. The EAS radar cross-section (RCS) is currently unknown although it is the subject of over 70 years of speculation. A novel signal search technique is described in which the expected radar echo of a particular air shower is used as a matched filter template and compared to waveforms obtained by triggering the radar DAQ using the Telescope Array fluorescence detector. No evidence for the scattering of radio frequency radiation by EAS is obtained to date. We report the first quantitative RCS upper limits using EAS that triggered the Telescope Array Fluorescence Detector., Comment: 21 pages, 30 figures

Published
2017

7. Search for EeV protons of galactic origin

Author

R. Ishimori, R. Zollinger, Kenta Yashiro, Yasunori Saito, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, K. Nagasawa, J. Yang, Y. J. Kwon, Eiji Kido, Hideyuki Ohoka, Kazuhiro Machida, J. Lan, S. Kitamura, Masato Takita, M. Abe, Byung Gu Cheon, Hidemi Ito, John Belz, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Elliott Barcikowski, Takayuki Tomida, Igor Tkachev, R. Cady, Motoki Hayashi, J. P. Lundquist, Ryuji Takeishi, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, K. Hibino, Ben Stokes, Inkyu Park, T. Matsuyama, L. M. Scott, S. Ozawa, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Tomohiro Matsuda, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, Federico R. Urban, A. Nozato, Y. Hayashi, K. Oki, M. Ohnishi, Yasunori Kitamura, T. Goto, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, K. Kawata, M. Allen, Douglas Bergman, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Masaaki Tanaka, Sergey Troitsky, Daisuke Ikeda, Hideaki Shimodaira, Toru Nakamura, Kenichi Kadota, S. R. Stratton, H. Kawai, K. Kasahara, Akitoshi Oshima, S. B. Thomas, O. Kalashev, Shoichi Kishigami, Koichi Sekino, Kanako Yamazaki, Takahiro Fujii, Tiffany Wong, Priti Shah, K. Saito, Masaki Fukushima, Masaomi Ono, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, B. K. Shin, Grigory Rubtsov, K. Martens, Hideki Tanaka, S. Yoshida, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, Vladim Kuzmin, H. Yoshii, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, A. H. Tirone, R. Yamane, Kiyoshi Tanaka, J. Ogura, Naoto Sakaki, Naoaki Hayashida, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Maxim Pshirkov, Shoichi Ogio, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Zach Zundel, Pierre Sokolsky, Hang Bae Kim, Akimichi Taketa, Heungsu Shin, Rasha Abbasi, M. Takeda, Fumio Kakimoto, Shigehiro Nagataki, Michiyuki Chikawa, K. Tsutsumi, R. Azuma, S. Kawakami, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Y. Uchihori, T. Suzawa, Isaac Myers, Takaaki Ishii, D. C. Rodriguez, Shingo Kawana, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, H. Tokuno, J. D. Smith, and Fumiya Shibata

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Galactic anticenter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Galactic plane, 01 natural sciences, Galactic tide, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Galactic corona, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Anisotropy, Longitude, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Cosmic rays in the energy range $10^{18.0}$ - $10^{18.5}$ eV are thought to have a light, probably protonic, composition. To study their origin one can search for anisotropy in their arrival directions. Extragalactic cosmic rays should be isotropic, but galactic cosmic rays of this type should be seen mostly along the galactic plane, and there should be a shortage of events coming from directions near the galactic anticenter. This is due to the fact that, under the influence of the galactic magnetic field, the transition from ballistic to diffusive behavior is well advanced, and this qualitative picture persists over the whole energy range. Guided by models of the galactic magnetic field that indicate that the enhancement along the galactic plane should have a standard deviation of about 20$^\circ$ in galactic latitude, and the deficit in the galactic anticenter direction should have a standard deviation of about 50$^\circ$ in galactic longitude, we use the data of the Telescope Array surface detector in $10^{18.0}$ to $10^{18.5}$ eV energy range to search for these effects. The data are isotropic. Neither an enhancement along the galactic plane nor a deficit in the galactic anticenter direction is found. Using these data we place an upper limit on the fraction of EeV cosmic rays of galactic origin at 1.3% at 95% confidence level.

Published
2017

8. Search for Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos with the Telescope Array Surface Detector

Author

Koichi Sekino, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, S. Kitamura, Hidemi Ito, K. Martens, Yuta Tanoue, Motoki Hayashi, J. P. Lundquist, K. Tsutsumi, John Belz, Heungsu Shin, Vladim Kuzmin, Takashi Sako, Toru Nakamura, Inkyu Park, Kenichi Kadota, Yana Zhezher, Hiroyuki Sagawa, D. R. Bergman, Maxim Pshirkov, Charlie Jui, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Mayuko Minamino, K. Yamazaki, M. Abe, K. H. Lee, K. Honda, Daisuke Ikeda, S. R. Stratton, Yasunori Kitamura, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Toshiyuki Fujii, Ryo Nakamura, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Masaaki Tanaka, Fumiya Shibata, M. Yamamoto, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Tiffany Wong, R. Takeishi, L. M. Scott, Hongsu Kim, Y. Hayashi, R. Ishimori, Masaki Fukushima, Kazuo Saito, Ben Stokes, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, Y. J. Kwon, Akimichi Taketa, Eiji Kido, B. G. Cheon, H. Kawai, K. Kawata, Federico R. Urban, M. V. Kuznetsov, Ryota Onogi, Hideyuki Ohoka, Pierre Sokolsky, A. Di Matteo, H. Yoshii, S. Udo, Kazuhiro Machida, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, R. Mayta, T. Seki, Seok Ho Jeong, S. B. Thomas, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Oleg Kalashev, Shoichi Ogio, Priti Shah, Igor Tkachev, Zach Zundel, S. Kawakami, Fumio Kakimoto, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, K. Nagasawa, H. Oda, H. Tokuno, R. Azuma, Toshiyuki Nonaka, K. Hibino, Kenta Yashiro, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Tsunesada, Keitaro Fujita, B. K. Shin, H. Yamaoka, Michiyuki Chikawa, Masato Takita, J. D. Smith, Sergey Troitsky, Y. Omura, J. Remington, J. H. Kim, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Jyunsei Chiba, Keijiro Mukai, Naoaki Hayashida, Shingo Kawana, Dongsu Ryu, Y. Takagi, Yasunori Saito, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, J. Yang, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, Kohei Yada, Hideki Tanaka, Takayuki Tomida, K. Kasahara, Shoichi Kishigami, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Grigory Rubtsov, M. Allen, Masaomi Ono, R. Sahara, Ryota Fujiwara, Naoto Sakaki, Y. Uchihori, Kei Nakai, Rasha Abbasi, T. Matsuyama, S. Ozawa, T. Suzawa, J. Ogura, Isaac Myers, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, and D. C. Rodriguez

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Observable, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Distribution function, law, 0103 physical sciences, Alternating decision tree, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, business, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present an upper limit on the flux of ultra-high-energy down-going neutrinos for $E > 10^{18}\ \mbox{eV}$ derived with the nine years of data collected by the Telescope Array surface detector (05-11-2008 -- 05-10-2017). The method is based on the multivariate analysis technique, so-called Boosted Decision Trees (BDT). Proton-neutrino classifier is built upon 16 observables related to both the properties of the shower front and the lateral distribution function., 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted to JETP

Published
2019

9. Search for point sources of ultra-high energy photons with the Telescope Array surface detector

Author

Yasunori Saito, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Takayuki Tomida, Heungsu Shin, D. C. Rodriguez, Fumio Kakimoto, Hideki Tanaka, Hideyuki Ohoka, Pierre Sokolsky, Elliott Barcikowski, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, K. Hibino, Dmitri Ivanov, Douglas Bergman, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Keijiro Mukai, Younghoon Kwon, T. Suzawa, K. Martens, Eiji Kido, Kenta Yashiro, M. V. Kuznetsov, K. Tsutsumi, Kazuhiro Machida, K. Yamazaki, Isaac Myers, Sergey Troitsky, K. H. Lee, Grigory Rubtsov, T.-A. Shibata, Hidemi Ito, J. Remington, Gordon Thomson, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, K. Kasahara, Tom Stroman, Shoichi Kishigami, Robert Cady, Mayuko Minamino, John Belz, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Kuzmin, Maxim Pshirkov, K. Honda, J. H. Kim, Toshio Seki, Y. Uchihori, Kei Nakai, Masaaki Tanaka, Naoaki Hayashida, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Omura, Fumiya Shibata, Masaomi Ono, Toshiyuki Nonaka, R. Sahara, M. Allen, Takashi Sako, R. Ishimori, Hongsu Kim, Toru Nakamura, Kohei Yada, Igor Tkachev, Kenichi Kadota, Inkyu Park, Shingo Kawana, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, H. Oda, T. Fujii, Keitaro Fujita, Y. Takagi, Akimichi Taketa, Ben Stokes, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, N. Inoue, B. G. Cheon, H. Kawai, B. K. Shin, M. Ohnishi, Federico R. Urban, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Oleg Kalashev, William Hanlon, S. B. Thomas, S. Kawakami, T. Okuda, Rasha Abbasi, Seok Ho Jeong, J. Yang, L. M. Scott, Y. Hayashi, M. Yamamoto, Priti Shah, K. Kawata, Zach Zundel, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Ryota Onogi, A. Di Matteo, Daisuke Ikeda, Ryota Fujiwara, R. Mayta, S. R. Stratton, Tiffany Wong, Naoto Sakaki, R. Takeishi, Ryo Nakamura, Kazuo Saito, Masaki Fukushima, H. Yoshii, R. Azuma, T. Matsuyama, S. Ozawa, Masato Takita, H. Yamaoka, Michiyuki Chikawa, H. Tokuno, J. D. Smith, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Yuta Tanoue, Motoki Hayashi, J. P. Lundquist, Koichi Sekino, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, and M. Abe

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Photon flux, Library science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Joint research, High energy photon, Science research, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Research policy, Science policy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Vice president
Abstract

The surface detector (SD) of the Telescope Array (TA) experiment allows one to indirectly detect photons with energies of order $10^{18}$ eV and higher and to separate photons from the cosmic-ray background. In this paper we present the results of a blind search for point sources of ultra-high energy (UHE) photons in the Northern sky using the TA SD data. The photon-induced extensive air showers (EAS) are separated from the hadron-induced EAS background by means of a multivariate classifier based upon 16 parameters that characterize the air shower events. No significant evidence for the photon point sources is found. The upper limits are set on the flux of photons from each particular direction in the sky within the TA field of view, according to the experiment's angular resolution for photons. Average 95% C.L. upper limits for the point-source flux of photons with energies greater than $10^{18}$, $10^{18.5}$, $10^{19}$, $10^{19.5}$ and $10^{20}$ eV are $0.094$, $0.029$, $0.010$, $0.0073$ and $0.0058$ km$^{-2}$yr$^{-1}$ respectively. For the energies higher than $10^{18.5}$ eV, the photon point-source limits are set for the first time. Numerical results for each given direction in each energy range are provided as a supplement to this paper., Comment: accepted to MNRAS, 11 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables; results in text-file format are supplemented to paper source

Published
2019
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10. Comparison of patient satisfaction after unilateral or simultaneous bilateral total hip arthroplasty through a direct anterior approach: Evaluation using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire

Author

Hideaki Shiratsuchi, Kazuhiro Oinuma, H. Yoshii, Tatsuya Tamaki, Yoko Miura, and Ryutaku Kaneyama

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual analogue scale, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, medicine.medical_treatment, Operative Time, Osteoarthritis, Hip, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Postoperative Complications, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient satisfaction, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Range of Motion, Articular, Societies, Medical, Aged, Pain Measurement, Retrospective Studies, Hip surgery, Pain, Postoperative, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, Age Factors, Retrospective cohort study, Recovery of Function, Bone fracture, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Arthroplasty, Prosthesis Failure, Surgery, Pulmonary embolism, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction, Anesthesia, Female, Range of motion, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to compare patients' perception of treatment outcome after unilateral or simultaneous total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the newly developed Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ). Methods This study included 429 patients treated with primary THA using a direct anterior approach, namely 304 cases of in the unilateral THA (58 males and 246 females; mean age, 62.3 years) and 125 cases of in the simultaneous bilateral THA (24 males and 101 females; mean age, 58.3 years). Items for evaluation included clinical outcomes and all four aspects of the JHEQ score, namely visual analog scale (VAS), pain, movement, and mental status. Results The mean operative time per hip was 51.3 ± 19.4 min (range, 22–180 min) in unilateral group and 46.2 ± 15.1 min (range, 26–106 min) in simultaneous bilateral group. The mean operative blood loss per hip was 421.2 ml ± 232.1 ml (range, 70–1300 ml) in unilateral group and 200.8 ± 149.8 ml (range, 30–1040 ml) in simultaneous bilateral group. The total JHEQ score (pain/motion/mental status) improved from 26.5 ± 13.6 (preoperative, 10.1/6.8/9.6) to 69.4 ± 14.8 (1 year postoperatively, 25.1/20.5/23.8) in unilateral group and from 21.0 ± 8.2 (preoperative, 11.9/2.3/6.9) to 74.9 ± 9.5 (1 year postoperatively, 27.2/22.6/25.0) in simultaneous bilateral group. These results demonstrated a significant improvement before and after surgery for patients in both groups. There were not major complications such as dislocation, bone fracture, nerve palsy or symptomatic pulmonary embolism were observed. Conclusion In this study, we observed greater improvement in JHEQ in patients treated with bilateral simultaneous THA than in those treated with unilateral THA. These findings demonstrated that bilateral simultaneous THA was related to high patient satisfaction as well as high safety.

Published
2016

11. Testing a reported correlation between arrival directions of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and a flux pattern from nearby starburst galaxies using Telescope Array data

Author

H. Kawai, Grigory Rubtsov, T. Seki, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Toshitsugu Fujii, Shingo Kawana, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Oleg Kalashev, William Hanlon, T. Goto, K. Martens, T. Okuda, J. Yang, D. C. Rodriguez, K. Tsutsumi, M. Abe, Y. Uchihori, Elliott Barcikowski, S. Kitamura, Dmitri Ivanov, Hidemi Ito, T. Suzawa, Keijiro Mukai, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Maxim Pshirkov, Kenta Yashiro, Yasunori Saito, Toru Nakamura, Isaac Myers, Kenichi Kadota, R. Yamane, R. Sahara, K. Nagasawa, Heungsu Shin, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, Ben Stokes, Fumio Kakimoto, M. Allen, L. M. Scott, Y. Hayashi, K. Yamazaki, Vladim Kuzmin, Y. J. Kwon, M. Yamamoto, K. Hibino, K. Kawata, S. Jeong, B. G. Cheon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Charlie Jui, Ryo Nakamura, K. H. Lee, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Sergey Troitsky, Tom Stroman, Akimichi Taketa, Robert Cady, Kazuo Saito, J. H. Kim, Igor Tkachev, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, J. Remington, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, John Belz, Yasunori Kitamura, Y. Omura, S. Kawakami, H. Oda, D. R. Bergman, H. Yoshii, Masaaki Tanaka, A. Di Matteo, Inkyu Park, Fumiya Shibata, Ryota Onogi, R. Ishimori, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Naoaki Hayashida, Takayuki Tomida, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, Federico R. Urban, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Tsunesada, Pierre Sokolsky, S. Udo, Hongsu Kim, R. Mayta, M. Takeda, S. B. Thomas, J. Ogura, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, Eiji Kido, M. V. Kuznetsov, Kazuhiro Machida, K. Kasahara, Shoichi Kishigami, Hideki Tanaka, Zach Zundel, Daisuke Ikeda, R. Azuma, S. R. Stratton, Tiffany Wong, R. Takeishi, Masaki Fukushima, H. Yamaoka, Michiyuki Chikawa, Masaomi Ono, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Keitaro Fujita, B. K. Shin, Priti Shah, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Masato Takita, Motoki Hayashi, J. P. Lundquist, Koichi Sekino, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Y. Takagi, T. Matsuyama, S. Ozawa, Rasha Abbasi, S. Yoshida, Naoto Sakaki, H. Tokuno, and J. D. Smith

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Sigma, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Auger, law.invention, Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Anisotropy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Collaboration (Auger) recently reported a correlation between the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energies above 39 EeV and the flux pattern of 23 nearby starburst galaxies (SBGs). In this Letter, we tested the same hypothesis using cosmic rays detected by the Telescope Array experiment (TA) in the 9-year period from May 2008 to May 2017. Unlike the Auger analysis, we did not optimize the parameter values but kept them fixed to the best-fit values found by Auger, namely 9.7% for the anisotropic fraction of cosmic rays assumed to originate from the SBGs in the list and 12.9{\deg} for the angular scale of the correlations. The energy threshold we adopted is 43 EeV, corresponding to 39 EeV in Auger when taking into account the energy-scale difference between two experiments. We find that the TA data is compatible with isotropy to within 1.1{\sigma} and with the Auger result to within 1.4{\sigma}, meaning that it is not capable to discriminate between these two hypotheses., Comment: More accurate title, fixed an inconsistency in the declination range used, with a few figures slightly changing as a result, other minor revisions

Published
2018

12. Study of muons from ultrahigh energy cosmic ray air showers measured with the Telescope Array experiment

Author

S. Kitamura, Hidemi Ito, Kenta Yashiro, Eiji Kido, M. V. Kuznetsov, Kazuhiro Machida, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Y. Takagi, Douglas Bergman, Toshiyuki Nonaka, K. Nagasawa, Hideki Tanaka, Elliott Barcikowski, J. H. Kim, T. Goto, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Y. Omura, Keitaro Fujita, Dmitri Ivanov, Pierre Sokolsky, J. Ogura, Yasunori Saito, B. K. Shin, Igor Tkachev, D. C. Rodriguez, R. Sahara, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, Keijiro Mukai, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, Akimichi Taketa, Rasha Abbasi, H. Oda, K. Yamazaki, M. Yamamoto, L. M. Scott, Nobuyuki Sakurai, T. Suzawa, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, Sergey Troitsky, J. Remington, Y. Hayashi, Inkyu Park, Federico R. Urban, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Isaac Myers, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, K. Kawata, Ryota Onogi, Koichi Sekino, A. Di Matteo, K. H. Lee, S. B. Thomas, T.-A. Shibata, Naoaki Hayashida, Takayuki Tomida, Gordon Thomson, T. Matsuyama, S. Ozawa, R. Mayta, Hongsu Kim, Priti Shah, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Y. Zhezher, Grigory Rubtsov, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, K. Kasahara, Y. Uchihori, Shoichi Kishigami, S. Yoshida, Naoto Sakaki, R. Azuma, Masaomi Ono, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Motoki Hayashi, J. P. Lundquist, Shingo Kawana, William Hanlon, M. Allen, H. Kawai, T. Okuda, J. Yang, H. Tokuno, J. D. Smith, Daisuke Ikeda, S. R. Stratton, Tiffany Wong, R. Takeishi, T. Seki, Masaki Fukushima, Masato Takita, K. Martens, K. Tsutsumi, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Zach Zundel, Fumiya Shibata, R. Ishimori, Toshitsugu Fujii, Oleg Kalashev, H. Yamaoka, Michiyuki Chikawa, Ryo Nakamura, Kazuo Saito, H. Yoshii, Heungsu Shin, Toru Nakamura, K. Hibino, Kenichi Kadota, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Yasunori Kitamura, Masaaki Tanaka, John Belz, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Ben Stokes, B. G. Cheon, S. Kawakami, Maxim Pshirkov, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Tsunesada, M. Abe, Fumio Kakimoto, Vladim Kuzmin, and S. Jeong

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Muon, COSMIC cancer database, Particle number, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Nuclear physics, Air shower, 13. Climate action, law, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010306 general physics
Abstract

One of the uncertainties in interpretation of ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) data comes from the hadronic interaction models used for air shower Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The number of muons observed at the ground from UHECR-induced air showers is expected to depend upon the hadronic interaction model. One may therefore test the hadronic interaction models by comparing the measured number of muons with the MC prediction. In this paper, we present the results of studies of muon densities in UHE extensive air showers obtained by analyzing the signal of surface detector stations which should have high $\it{muon \, purity}$. The muon purity of a station will depend on both the inclination of the shower and the relative position of the station. In 7 years' data from the Telescope Array experiment, we find that the number of particles observed for signals with an expected muon purity of $\sim$65% at a lateral distance of 2000 m from the shower core is $1.72 \pm 0.10{\rm (stat.)} \pm 0.37 {\rm (syst.)}$ times larger than the MC prediction value using the QGSJET II-03 model for proton-induced showers. A similar effect is also seen in comparisons with other hadronic models such as QGSJET II-04, which shows a $1.67 \pm 0.10 \pm 0.36$ excess. We also studied the dependence of these excesses on lateral distances and found a slower decrease of the lateral distribution of muons in the data as compared to the MC, causing larger discrepancy at larger lateral distances.

Published
2018

13. Depth of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Induced Air Shower Maxima Measured by the Telescope Array Black Rock and Long Ridge FADC Fluorescence Detectors and Surface Array in Hybrid Mode

Author

R. Azuma, M. Yamamoto, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Ryota Onogi, A. Di Matteo, R. Mayta, B. G. Cheon, Fumiya Shibata, K. Martens, Hideki Tanaka, R. Ishimori, K. H. Lee, M. Abe, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, H. Tokuno, S. Kitamura, Priti Shah, T. Goto, K. Tsutsumi, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Rasha Abbasi, S. Kawakami, Akimichi Taketa, Hidemi Ito, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, J. D. Smith, J. Ogura, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Takagi, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Shunsuke Ozawa, O. Kalashev, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Y. Zhezher, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Keitaro Fujita, Yasunori Kitamura, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, D. C. Rodriguez, Shoichi Ogio, Ben Stokes, Toshitsugu Fujii, T. Matsuyama, Elliott Barcikowski, B. K. Shin, K. Yamazaki, Dmitri Ivanov, T. Suzawa, M. Allen, Masaaki Tanaka, K. Hibino, R. Sahara, Heungsu Shin, Zach Zundel, Ryo Nakamura, Keijiro Mukai, Isaac Myers, Kazuo Saito, Inkyu Park, Hongsu Kim, Pierre Sokolsky, S. Yoshida, Eiji Kido, Naoto Sakaki, Grigory Rubtsov, M. V. Kuznetsov, M. Takeda, John Belz, Vladim Kuzmin, H. Yoshii, Kazuhiro Machida, Shigehiro Nagataki, S. Jeong, Michiyuki Chikawa, H. Kawai, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, K. Nagasawa, Douglas Bergman, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Yasunori Saito, T. Seki, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, S. R. Stratton, Y. Uchihori, L. M. Scott, Tiffany Wong, R. Takeishi, Masaki Fukushima, Toru Nakamura, Y. Hayashi, Yuichiro Tameda, K. Kawata, John N. Matthews, Masato Takita, Kenichi Kadota, Sergey Troitsky, J. H. Kim, Y. Omura, Shingo Kawana, Naoaki Hayashida, William Hanlon, Igor Tkachev, T. Okuda, J. Yang, H. Oda, Kenta Yashiro, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, Federico R. Urban, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, S. B. Thomas, Takayuki Tomida, K. Kasahara, Shoichi Kishigami, Masaomi Ono, Maxim Pshirkov, Motoki Hayashi, J. P. Lundquist, Koichi Sekino, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, and Fumio Kakimoto

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Helium, Astroparticle physics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Air shower, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Ridge (meteorology), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, business
Abstract

The Telescope Array observatory utilizes fluorescence detectors and surface detectors to observe air showers produced by ultra high energy cosmic rays in the Earth's atmosphere. Cosmic ray events observed in this way are termed hybrid data. The depth of air shower maximum is related to the mass of the primary particle that generates the shower. This paper reports on shower maxima data collected over 8.5 years using the Black Rock Mesa and Long Ridge fluorescence detectors in conjunction with the array of surface detectors. We compare the means and standard deviations of the observed $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ distributions with Monte Carlo $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ distributions of unmixed protons, helium, nitrogen, and iron, all generated using the QGSJet~II-04 hadronic model. We also perform an unbinned maximum likelihood test of the observed data, which is subjected to variable systematic shifting of the data $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ distributions to allow us to test the full distributions, and compare them to the Monte Carlo to see which elements are not compatible with the observed data. For all energy bins, QGSJet~II-04 protons are found to be compatible with Telescope Array hybrid data at the 95% confidence level after some systematic $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ shifting of the data. Three other QGSJet~II-04 elements are found to be compatible using the same test procedure in an energy range limited to the highest energies where data statistics are sparse., Comment: 39 pages, 18 figures, 5 tables, published in The Astrophysical Journal. This is a peer-reviewed, un-copyedited version of an article published in The Astrophysical Journal. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabad7

Published
2018
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14. Evidence of Intermediate-Scale Energy Spectrum Anisotropy of Cosmic Rays E$\geq$10$^{19.2}$ eV with the Telescope Array Surface Detector

Author

N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, R. Sahara, Toru Nakamura, S. Udo, Kenichi Kadota, Maxim Pshirkov, K. Kasahara, M. Abe, Shoichi Kishigami, T. Goto, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Zach Zundel, S. B. Thomas, Fumio Kakimoto, Masaomi Ono, Jyunsei Chiba, Charlie Jui, Dongsu Ryu, B. K. Shin, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, Kenta Yashiro, Keitaro Fujita, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Ben Stokes, S. R. Stratton, Y. Takagi, Tiffany Wong, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Masaki Fukushima, H. Tokuno, Yasunori Kitamura, K. Martens, Masato Takita, Hideki Tanaka, Takayuki Tomida, Masaaki Tanaka, J. D. Smith, Fumiya Shibata, Sergey Troitsky, S. Kitamura, R. Ishimori, Keiji Saito, Igor Tkachev, Michiyuki Chikawa, Eiji Kido, M. V. Kuznetsov, D. R. Bergman, H. Oda, Kazuhiro Machida, Hidemi Ito, Pierre Sokolsky, Y. Uchihori, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, R. Takeishi, Yasunori Saito, Shigehiro Nagataki, Akitoshi Oshima, T. Matsuyama, Yana Zhezher, T. Suzawa, Shunsuke Ozawa, Shingo Kawana, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, Priti Shah, O. Kalashev, Vladim Kuzmin, William Hanlon, J. Ogura, F. Urban, S. Jeong, Isaac Myers, Motoki Hayashi, Peter Tinyakov, J. P. Lundquist, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, T. Okuda, J. Yang, M. Allen, Y. Omura, Naoaki Hayashida, Koichi Sekino, Elliott Barcikowski, K. Nagasawa, Dmitri Ivanov, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Keijiro Mukai, D. C. Rodriguez, S. Yoshida, Naoto Sakaki, Rasha Abbasi, Kiyoshi Tanaka, John Belz, R. Azuma, Inkyu Park, L. M. Scott, A. Nozato, Y. Hayashi, K. Kawata, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, K. H. Lee, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Hiroyuki Sagawa, T.-A. Shibata, R. Yamane, Gordon Thomson, Ryo Nakamura, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Hongsu Kim, Akimichi Taketa, Grigory Rubtsov, M. Yamamoto, H. Yoshii, Nobuyuki Sakurai, K. Yamazaki, Takahiro Fujii, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, A. Di Matteo, B. G. Cheon, R. Mayta, K. Hibino, S. Kawakami, Heungsu Shin, K. Tsutsumi, H. Kawai, T. Seki, and Y. Yoneda

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Monte Carlo method, Isotropy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Poisson distribution, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, symbols.namesake, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Anisotropy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

An intermediate-scale energy spectrum anisotropy has been found in the arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays of energies above $10^{19.2}$ eV in the northern hemisphere, using 7 years of data from the Telescope Array surface detector. A relative energy distribution test is done comparing events inside oversampled spherical caps of equal exposure, to those outside, using the Poisson likelihood ratio. The center of maximum significance is at $9^h$$16^m$, $45^{\circ}$. and has a deficit of events with energies $10^{19.2}$$\leq$$E$$

Published
2018
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15. Constraints on the diffuse photon flux with energies above $10^{18}$ eV using the surface detector of the Telescope Array experiment

Author

Rasha Abbasi, Fumiya Shibata, S. Yoshida, T. Matsuyama, S. Ozawa, Naoto Sakaki, Yasunori Saito, John Belz, K. Nagasawa, R. Ishimori, S. Kitamura, Hidemi Ito, Ryo Nakamura, Motoki Hayashi, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Hideki Tanaka, Kazuo Saito, J. P. Lundquist, M. Yamamoto, Ben Stokes, B. G. Cheon, Heungsu Shin, T. Suzawa, Yuichiro Tameda, Isaac Myers, Inkyu Park, John N. Matthews, Douglas Bergman, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Ryota Onogi, A. Di Matteo, Koichi Sekino, M. Allen, R. Mayta, Y. Zhezher, Grigory Rubtsov, Kenta Yashiro, K. Martens, K. Tsutsumi, Keitaro Fujita, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, L. M. Scott, H. Yoshii, Daisuke Ikeda, Eiji Kido, M. V. Kuznetsov, S. Kawakami, Y. Uchihori, R. Azuma, Toshitsugu Fujii, Kazuhiro Machida, S. R. Stratton, Y. Hayashi, Sergey Troitsky, B. K. Shin, Oleg Kalashev, Hongsu Kim, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Tiffany Wong, R. Takeishi, Charlie Jui, J. Remington, Pierre Sokolsky, K. Kawata, Masaki Fukushima, Akimichi Taketa, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, J. H. Kim, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, Mayuko Minamino, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, D. C. Rodriguez, H. Kawai, Y. Omura, Kiyoshi Tanaka, K. Kasahara, K. Honda, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Tsunesada, Shoichi Kishigami, Yasunori Kitamura, Naoaki Hayashida, Masaaki Tanaka, T. Seki, Masato Takita, J. Ogura, H. Yamaoka, Masaomi Ono, R. Sahara, Michiyuki Chikawa, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, Jyunsei Chiba, K. Hibino, Shingo Kawana, Fumio Kakimoto, Dongsu Ryu, K. Yamazaki, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, Maksim Piskunov, William Hanlon, M. Ohnishi, Takayuki Tomida, Y. Takagi, T. Okuda, J. Yang, Federico R. Urban, Toru Nakamura, S. Udo, K. H. Lee, Kenichi Kadota, T.-A. Shibata, H. Tokuno, Zach Zundel, J. D. Smith, Priti Shah, Gordon Thomson, S. B. Thomas, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Igor Tkachev, Maxim Pshirkov, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, H. Oda, Keijiro Mukai, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Vladim Kuzmin, T. Goto, S. Jeong, M. Abe, Y. J. Kwon, and Hideyuki Ohoka

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Muon, Photon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Curvature, 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Telescope, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Air shower, Distribution function, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), law, 0103 physical sciences, Waveform, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

We present the results of the search for ultra-high-energy photons with nine years of data from the Telescope Array surface detector. A multivariate classifier is built upon 16 reconstructed parameters of the extensive air shower. These parameters are related to the curvature and the width of the shower front, the steepness of the lateral distribution function, and the timing parameters of the waveforms sensitive to the shower muon content. A total number of two photon candidates found in the search is fully compatible with the expected background. The $95\%\,$CL limits on the diffuse flux of the photons with energies greater than $10^{18.0}$, $10^{18.5}$, $10^{19.0}$, $10^{19.5}$ and $10^{20.0}$ eV are set at the level of $0.067$, $0.012$, $0.0036$, $0.0013$, $0.0013~\mbox{km}^{-2}\mbox{yr}^{-1}\mbox{sr}^{-1}$ correspondingly., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures

Published
2018
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16. Mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with the Telescope Array Surface Detector Data

Author

J. Remington, Koichi Sekino, S. Kitamura, Hidemi Ito, M. Yamamoto, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Ryota Onogi, A. Di Matteo, R. Mayta, Naoaki Hayashida, J. H. Kim, H. Tokuno, B. G. Cheon, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Pierre Sokolsky, Y. Omura, T. Suzawa, J. D. Smith, S. Yoshida, Naoto Sakaki, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, T. Goto, Douglas Bergman, K. Nagasawa, Toshitsugu Fujii, K. Hibino, R. Azuma, Takayuki Tomida, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Kenta Yashiro, Yasunori Saito, Ryo Nakamura, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Isaac Myers, Yasunori Kitamura, S. Kawakami, Kazuo Saito, O. Kalashev, K. Tsutsumi, Fumio Kakimoto, John Belz, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, K. Martens, Toru Nakamura, Grigory Rubtsov, Maxim S. Piskunov, H. Yoshii, Masaaki Tanaka, Priti Shah, Fumiya Shibata, R. Ishimori, Kenichi Kadota, Hideki Tanaka, T. Matsuyama, L. M. Scott, Michiyuki Chikawa, K. Yamazaki, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Kohei Yada, Y. Hayashi, Shingo Kawana, R. Sahara, K. H. Lee, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Elliott Barcikowski, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Dmitri Ivanov, Motoki Hayashi, M. Allen, K. Kawata, S. Ozawa, William Hanlon, J. P. Lundquist, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, K. Kasahara, Shoichi Kishigami, Daisuke Ikeda, Keijiro Mukai, S. R. Stratton, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Keitaro Fujita, Masato Takita, T. Okuda, J. Yang, Hongsu Kim, Masaomi Ono, B. K. Shin, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Tiffany Wong, R. Takeishi, Heungsu Shin, Inkyu Park, Masaki Fukushima, Maxim Pshirkov, D. C. Rodriguez, Akimichi Taketa, Y. Takagi, Eiji Kido, Rasha Abbasi, M. V. Kuznetsov, Kazuhiro Machida, Kiyoshi Tanaka, H. Kawai, Igor Tkachev, J. Ogura, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, Vladim Kuzmin, T. Seki, S. Jeong, Zach Zundel, Yana Zhezher, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Y. Uchihori, H. Oda, Ben Stokes, M. Abe, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, Federico R. Urban, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Tsunesada, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, S. B. Thomas, and Sergey Troitsky

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Library science, FOS: Physical sciences, Mass composition, 01 natural sciences, Promotion (rank), State (polity), Work (electrical), George (robot), 0103 physical sciences, Science policy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Ultrahigh energy, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Administration (government), media_common
Abstract

The results on ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) mass composition obtained with the Telescope Array surface detector are presented. The analysis employs the boosted decision tree (BDT) multivariate analysis built upon 14 observables related to both the properties of the shower front and the lateral distribution function. The multivariate classifier is trained with Monte-Carlo sets of events induced by the primary protons and iron. An average atomic mass of UHECR is presented for energies $10^{18.0}-10^{20.0}\ \mbox{eV}$. The average atomic mass of primary particles shows no significant energy dependence and corresponds to $\langle \ln A \rangle = 2.0 \pm 0.1 (stat.) \pm 0.44 (syst.)$. The result is compared to the mass composition obtained by the Telescope Array with $\mbox{X}_{\mbox{max}}$ technique along with the results of other experiments. Possible systematic errors of the method are discussed., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures

Published
2018
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17. Estimation of the apparent glass transition temperature of spray-dried emulsified powders and yeast powders by their flavor release behavior under temperature ramping conditions

Author

H. Yoshii, A. Sultana, and J. L. Zhu

Subjects
Materials science, Absorption of water, Evaporation, Sublimation, Dewatering, Aroma sensor, Environmental, Diffusion, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Dehydration, Aroma, Flavor, Drying, Intensification, Energy, biology, Spray drying, Fructose, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Maltodextrin, Yeast, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Emerging technologies, Process control, Encapsulation, Products quality, Glass transition
Abstract

[EN] Flavor release from powders depends on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and water absorption. This study reports a simple method to estimate the apparent Tg by aroma sensing upon flavor release from spray-dried powders. Four different wall materials (maltodextrin (MD), MD blends with fructose at 20 and 40wt%, and yeast cells) were used to encapsulate flavors by spray-drying. The apparent Tg values of MD and MD with 20 and 40wt% fructose were determined as 130, 110, and 75 °C, respectively, similar to those calculated by the Gordon–Taylor equation. The slow flavor release from dried-yeast powder afforded the highest Tg., Afroza Sultana would like to thank the Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology for providing a scholarship (Monbukagakusho: MEXT).

Published
2018
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18. The hybrid energy spectrum of Telescope Array’s Middle Drum Detector and surface array

Author

R.U. Abbasi, M. Abe, T. Abu-Zayyad, M.G. Allen, R. Anderson, R. Azuma, E. Barcikowski, J.W. Belz, D.R. Bergman, S.A. Blake, R. Cady, M.J. Chae, B.G. Cheon, J. Chiba, M. Chikawa, W.R. Cho, T. Fujii, M. Fukushima, T. Goto, W. Hanlon, Y. Hayashi, N. Hayashida, K. Hibino, K. Honda, D. Ikeda, N. Inoue, T. Ishii, R. Ishimori, H. Ito, D. Ivanov, C.C.H. Jui, K. Kadota, F. Kakimoto, O. Kalashev, K. Kasahara, H. Kawai, S. Kawakami, S. Kawana, K. Kawata, E. Kido, H.B. Kim, J.H. Kim, S. Kitamura, Y. Kitamura, V. Kuzmin, Y.J. Kwon, J. Lan, S.I. Lim, J.P. Lundquist, K. Machida, K. Martens, T. Matsuda, T. Matsuyama, J.N. Matthews, M. Minamino, K. Mukai, I. Myers, K. Nagasawa, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Nonaka, A. Nozato, S. Ogio, J. Ogura, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, K. Oki, T. Okuda, M. Ono, A. Oshima, S. Ozawa, I.H. Park, M.S. Pshirkov, D.C. Rodriguez, G. Rubtsov, D. Ryu, H. Sagawa, N. Sakurai, A.L. Sampson, L.M. Scott, P.D. Shah, F. Shibata, T. Shibata, H. Shimodaira, B.K. Shin, H.S. Shin, J.D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, R.W. Springer, B.T. Stokes, S.R. Stratton, T.A. Stroman, T. Suzawa, M. Takamura, M. Takeda, R. Takeishi, A. Taketa, M. Takita, Y. Tameda, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, S.B. Thomas, G.B. Thomson, P. Tinyakov, I. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, S. Troitsky, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsutsumi, Y. Uchihori, S. Udo, F. Urban, G. Vasiloff, T. Wong, R. Yamane, H. Yamaoka, K. Yamazaki, J. Yang, K. Yashiro, Y. Yoneda, S. Yoshida, H. Yoshii, R. Zollinger, and Z. Zundel

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Drum, Scintillator, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Air shower, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The Telescope Array experiment studies ultra high energy cosmic rays using a hybrid detector. Fluorescence telescopes measure the longitudinal development of the extensive air shower generated when a primary cosmic ray particle interacts with the atmosphere. Meanwhile, scintillator detectors measure the lateral distribution of secondary shower particles that hit the ground. The Middle Drum (MD) fluorescence telescope station consists of 14 telescopes from the High Resolution Fly’s Eye (HiRes) experiment, providing a direct link back to the HiRes measurements. Using the scintillator detector data in conjunction with the telescope data improves the geometrical reconstruction of the showers significantly, and hence, provides a more accurate reconstruction of the energy of the primary particle. The Middle Drum hybrid spectrum is presented and compared to that measured by the Middle Drum station in monocular mode. Further, the hybrid data establishes a link between the Middle Drum data and the surface array. A comparison between the Middle Drum hybrid energy spectrum and scintillator Surface Detector (SD) spectrum is also shown.

Published
2015

19. A NORTHERN SKY SURVEY FOR POINT-LIKE SOURCES OF EeV NEUTRAL PARTICLES WITH THE TELESCOPE ARRAY EXPERIMENT

Author

R. Ishimori, R. W. Springer, John Belz, Gordon Thomson, Federico R. Urban, K. Hibino, W. R. Cho, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Tomohiro Matsuda, Pierre Sokolsky, Sergey Troitsky, Masayuki Tanaka, ByongGu Cheon, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, Younghoon Kwon, M. J. Chae, K. Martens, Y. Yoneda, S. I. Lim, Thomas Stroman, M. Ohnishi, S. Kawana, Kenichi Kadota, M. Abe, Il Hung Park, Douglas Bergman, H. Yoshii, S. Kitamura, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Fumio Kakimoto, H. Kawai, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Mayuko Minamino, S. Nagataki, S. Kawakami, A. L. Sampson, K. Oki, Yasunori Kitamura, A. Oshima, Takaaki Ishii, S. B. Thomas, Elliott Barcikowski, Hirotaka Ito, Maxim Pshirkov, Masaomi Ono, K. Nagasawa, Dmitri Ivanov, Tatsunobu Shibata, Toshio Matsuyama, H. Shimodaira, HangBae Kim, Kenta Yashiro, Kenichi Tanaka, T. Suzawa, H. Tanaka, Isaac Myers, T. Goto, M. Takamura, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Shunsuke Ozawa, Naoya Inoue, K. Tsutsumi, J. Ogura, Priti Shah, B. T. Stokes, Igor Tkachev, Jon Paul Lundquist, Grigory Rubtsov, Akimichi Taketa, Oleg Kalashev, Takayuki Tomida, Masahiro Takeda, Naoaki Hayashida, L. M. Scott, H. Yamaoka, Ken Honda, A. Nozato, Y. Hayashi, V.A. Kuzmin, Zach Zundel, K. Machida, K. Yamazaki, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, K. Mukai, H. Ohoka, J. Yang, J. Lan, R. Zollinger, B. K. Shin, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, S. R. Stratton, S. Yoshida, Katsuaki Kasahara, Tiffany Wong, R. Takeishi, Masaki Fukushima, Mark Allen, Masato Takita, Michiyuki Chikawa, Yukio Uchihori, Takahiro Fujii, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, J. H. Kim, Kazumasa Kawata, R. Azuma, J. D. Smith, D. Rodriguez, H. Tokuno, Eiji Kido, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Ruth A. Anderson, William Hanlon, Rasha Abbasi, Robert Cady, T. Okuda, G. Vasiloff, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, and Fumiya Shibata

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Scintillator, Coincidence, law.invention, Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Neutron flux, Sky, law, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Order of magnitude, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, media_common
Abstract

We report on the search for steady point-like sources of neutral particles around 10$^{18}$ eV between 2008 May and 2013 May with the scintillator surface detector of the Telescope Array experiment. We found overall no significant point-like excess above 0.5 EeV in the northern sky. Subsequently, we also searched for coincidence with the Fermi bright Galactic sources. No significant coincidence was found within the statistical uncertainty. Hence, we set an upper limit on the neutron flux that corresponds to an averaged flux of 0.07 km$^{-2}$ yr$^{-1}$ for $E>1$ EeV in the northern sky at the 95% confidence level. This is the most stringent flux upper limit in a northern sky survey assuming point-like sources. The upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the neutron flux from Cygnus X-3 is also set to 0.2 km$^{-2}$ yr$^{-1}$ for $E>0.5$ EeV. This is an order of magnitude lower than previous flux measurements., 27 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

Published
2015

20. Energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays observed with the Telescope Array using a hybrid technique

Author

S. Y. Roh, S. Yoshida, T. Kanbe, John Belz, Y. Murano, Thomas Stroman, Akitoshi Oshima, R. Zollinger, S. Kitamura, K. Nagasawa, Takayuki Tomida, Michiyuki Chikawa, Isaac Myers, H. Tokuno, K. Kitamoto, R. W. Springer, Igor Tkachev, R. Cady, Elliott Barcikowski, R. Aida, Eiji Kido, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Dmitri Ivanov, H. Fujii, H. Tanaka, Byung Gu Cheon, Yukio Uchihori, J. H. Kim, Pierre Sokolsky, Naoya Inoue, T. Fujii, Mayuko Minamino, Tatsunobu Shibata, Tomohiro Matsuda, Ross Anderson, Peter Tinyakov, Yasunori Kitamura, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Toshio Matsuyama, K. Kobayashi, X. Zhou, Y. Yoneda, K. Tsutsumi, S. I. Lim, Zach Zundel, Sergey Troitsky, S. Machida, K. Martens, Hirotaka Ito, Younghoon Kwon, Shunsuke Ozawa, Mark Allen, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Hiroyuki Sagawa, S. Kawana, H. Kawai, E. J. Cho, H. Shimodaira, M. Tanaka, S. Iwamoto, Y. Kondo, K. Oki, Tomoyuki Nakamura, S. Kawakami, Masaomi Ono, S. B. Thomas, S. Nagataki, Naoaki Hayashida, K. Miyata, R. Azuma, T. Matsuura, Fumiya Shibata, Y. Tsuyuguchi, Jon Paul Lundquist, Yoji Kobayashi, Kiyoshi Kuramoto, T. Shirahama, Takaaki Ishii, Gordon Thomson, B. T. Stokes, Yoshiki Tsunesada, K. Hibino, R. Ishimori, Daisuke Ikeda, S. R. Stratton, H. Yamaoka, Grigory Rubtsov, K. Hayashi, Hang Bae Kim, Katsuaki Kasahara, Akimichi Taketa, Tiffany Wong, T. Fukuda, Kenichi Tanaka, Masaki Fukushima, A. L. Sampson, S. Suzuki, Hyun-Il Kim, Douglas Bergman, Federico R. Urban, Masato Takita, Nobuyuki Sakurai, D. Oku, K. Hiyama, H. Yoshii, William Hanlon, Yukio Takahashi, G. Vasiloff, K. Ikuta, J. I. Shin, T. Okuda, Jyunsei Chiba, Maxim Pshirkov, Dongsu Ryu, Fumio Kakimoto, Y. Yamakawa, S. W. Nam, H. Ukai, Priti Shah, T. Iguchi, J. D. Smith, D. Rodriguez, Masahiro Takeda, Ken Honda, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, M. Ohnishi, L. M. Scott, Y. Hayashi, V.A. Kuzmin, B. K. Shin, K. Yamazaki, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, H. Ohoka, J. Yang, J. Lan, W. R. Cho, Kenichi Kadota, Il Hung Park, Y. Wada, and Oleg Kalashev

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, Spectral line, Computational physics, law.invention, Telescope, Air shower, law, Energy spectrum, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray
Abstract

We measure the spectrum of cosmic rays with energies greater than 10 18.2 eV with the fluorescence detectors (FDs) and the surface detectors (SDs) of the Telescope Array Experiment using the data taken in our first 2.3-year observation from May 27, 2008 to September 7, 2010. A hybrid air shower reconstruction technique is employed to improve accuracies in determination of arrival directions and primary energies of cosmic rays using both FD and SD data. The energy spectrum presented here is in agreement with our previously published spectra and the HiRes results.

Published
2015

21. Gain monitoring of telescope array photomultiplier cameras for the first 4 years of operation

Author

Y. Uchihori, X. Zhou, B. G. Cheon, Takaaki Ishii, T. Kanbe, Robert M. Anderson, J. Martineau, D. C. Rodriguez, Grigory Rubtsov, Isaac Myers, Y. Kobayashi, A. L. Sampson, S. Kawakami, H. Yoshii, K. Tsutsumi, H. Tokuno, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, L. M. Scott, Y. Hayashi, Hiroyuki Sagawa, J. D. Smith, Takayuki Tomida, K. Kitamoto, R. Azuma, T. Matsuura, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Yasunori Kitamura, S. Yoshida, Vladim Kuzmin, R. Zollinger, R. Aida, Masaaki Tanaka, Hideaki Shimodaira, K. Hibino, Yoshiki Tsunesada, K. Yamazaki, Daisuke Ikeda, Fumiya Shibata, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, R. Ishimori, S. R. Stratton, Ben Stokes, Tiffany Wong, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, T. Fukuda, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, Masaki Fukushima, T. Shirahama, S. Y. Roh, Hyun-Il Kim, S. Kitamura, M. Allen, T. Matsuyama, Samuel Blake, E. J. Cho, Y. Kondo, Shoichi Ogio, K. Oki, Michiyuki Chikawa, Inkyu Park, K. Nagasawa, Shingo Kawana, T. Fujii, Eiji Kido, William Hanlon, Sergey Troitsky, S. Machida, R. W. Springer, J. I. Shin, Naoaki Hayashida, Y. Tsuyuguchi, Maxim Pshirkov, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, H. Fujii, K. Hayashi, H. Kawai, K. Kasahara, Fumio Kakimoto, Tomohiro Matsuda, K. Ikuta, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Akitoshi Oshima, K. Kobayashi, Shunsuke Ozawa, John Belz, Y. Murano, Pierre Sokolsky, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, K. Kuramoto, Yasuhiro H. Takahashi, Masato Takita, Zach Zundel, O. Kalashev, T. Iguchi, M. Wood, P. Tinyakov, Y. Yamakawa, K. Martens, Hideki Tanaka, Y. J. Kwon, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Hideyuki Ohoka, J. Yang, H. Ukai, Priti Shah, K. Miyata, Hongsu Kim, Bokkyun Shin, Akimichi Taketa, S. Suzuki, Douglas Bergman, D. Oku, K. Hiyama, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, S. I. Lim, M. Ohnishi, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, S. B. Thomas, S. W. Nam, W. R. Cho, Toru Nakamura, Kenichi Kadota, Y. Wada, T. J. Sonley, S. Iwamoto, G. Vasiloff, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, and J. H. Kim

Subjects
Physics, Telescope, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Optics, business.industry, law, Night sky, Optoelectronics, Scintillator, business, Instrumentation, law.invention
Abstract

The stability of the gain of the photomultiplier (PMT) camera for the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Telescope Array experiment was monitored using an 241 Am loaded scintillator pulsers (YAP) and a diffused xenon flasher (TXF) for a selected set of 35 PMT-readout channels. From the monitoring of YAP pulses over four years of FD operation, we found slow monotonic drifts of PMT gains at a rate of −1.7~+1.7%/year. An average of the PMT gains over the 35 channels stayed nearly constant with a rate of change measured at −0.01±0.31(stat)±0.21(sys)%/year. No systematic decrease of the PMT gain caused by the night sky background was observed. Monitoring by the TXF also tracked the PMT gain drift of the YAP at 0.88±0.14(stat)%/year.

Published
2014

23. The energy spectrum of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays measured by the Telescope Array FADC fluorescence detectors in monocular mode

Author

T. Kanbe, Y. Kobayashi, Fumiya Shibata, S. Kitamura, Robert M. Anderson, R. Ishimori, Hidemi Ito, Sergey Troitsky, Grigory Rubtsov, Isaac Myers, T. Matsuyama, Y. Yamakawa, S. Yoshida, H. Ukai, Priti Shah, Yuichiro Tameda, S. Suzuki, Taka Tomida, T. Shirahama, John N. Matthews, Douglas Bergman, Pierre Sokolsky, R. Zollinger, D. Oku, K. Hiyama, Y. J. Kwon, Hiroyuki Sagawa, K. Ikuta, Hideyuki Ohoka, Hideaki Shimodaira, M. Takeda, J. H. Kim, M. Allen, T. J. Sonley, Shigehiro Nagataki, K. Oki, Charlie Jui, J. Ogura, Y. Kondo, Akimichi Taketa, Naoaki Hayashida, Y. Tsuyuguchi, K. Kasahara, K. Kitamoto, J. P. Lundquist, Takaaki Ishii, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, S. Y. Roh, B. G. Cheon, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, T. Iguchi, A. L. Sampson, D. C. Rodriguez, S. Iwamoto, John Belz, Inkyu Park, K. Miyata, Masaomi Ono, J. I. Shin, Yasunori Kitamura, K. Yamazaki, Bokkyun Shin, S. Kawakami, Y. Murano, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Vladim Kuzmin, R. Yamane, T. Fujii, K. Tsutsumi, Hiroshi Yamaoka, R. Aida, Masaaki Tanaka, G. Vasiloff, R. Azuma, T. Matsuura, Elliott Barcikowski, T.-A. Shibata, L. M. Scott, K. Hibino, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Y. Hayashi, Hongsu Kim, Dmitri Ivanov, H. Fujii, Y. Uchihori, O. Kalashev, W. R. Cho, H. Kawai, Hyun-Il Kim, Kiyoshi Tanaka, H. Yoshii, Eiji Kido, Yoshiki Tsunesada, K. Kuramoto, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, S. I. Lim, Daisuke Ikeda, Toru Nakamura, Kenichi Kadota, S. R. Stratton, M. Ohnishi, S. Machida, S. Udo, J. Yang, Y. Wada, Tiffany Wong, J. Lan, S. B. Thomas, Nobuyuki Sakurai, S. W. Nam, T. Fukuda, Masaki Fukushima, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, E. J. Cho, Michiyuki Chikawa, Yasuhiro H. Takahashi, Zach Zundel, Masato Takita, K. Martens, Hideki Tanaka, H. Tokuno, J. D. Smith, R. W. Springer, Tomohiro Matsuda, K. Kobayashi, Shingo Kawana, William Hanlon, Maxim Pshirkov, K. Hayashi, Fumio Kakimoto, Akitoshi Oshima, Shunsuke Ozawa, and Ben Stokes

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, business.industry, Aperture, Monte Carlo method, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, business, Event reconstruction
Abstract

We present a measurement of the energy spectrum of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays performed by the Telescope Array experiment using monocular observations from its two new FADC-based fluorescence detectors. After a short description of the experiment, we describe the data analysis and event reconstruction procedures. Since the aperture of the experiment must be calculated by Monte Carlo simulation, we describe this calculation and the comparisons of simulated and real data used to verify the validity of the aperture calculation. Finally, we present the energy spectrum calculated from the merged monocular data sets of the two FADC-based detectors, and also the combination of this merged spectrum with an independent, previously published monocular spectrum measurement performed by Telescope Array’s third fluorescence detector [T. Abu-Zayyad et al., The energy spectrum of Telescope Array’s middle drum detector and the direct comparison to the high resolution fly’s eye experiment, Astroparticle Physics 39 (2012) 109-119, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2012.05.012 , Available from: ]. This combined spectrum corroborates the recently published Telescope Array surface detector spectrum [T. Abu-Zayyad, et al., The cosmic-ray energy spectrum observed with the surface detector of the Telescope Array experiment, ApJ 768 (2013) L1, http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/768/1/L1 , Available from: ] with independent systematic uncertainties.

Published
2013

24. Search for anisotropy of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays with the telescope array experiment

Author

T. Abu-Zayyad, R. Aida, M. Allen, R. Anderson, R. Azuma, E. Barcikowski, J. W. Belz, D. R. Bergman, S. A. Blake, R. Cady, B. G. Cheon, J. Chiba, M. Chikawa, E. J. Cho, W. R. Cho, H. Fujii, T. Fujii, T. Fukuda, M. Fukushima, W. Hanlon, K. Hayashi, Y. Hayashi, N. Hayashida, K. Hibino, K. Hiyama, K. Honda, T. Iguchi, D. Ikeda, K. Ikuta, N. Inoue, T. Ishii, R. Ishimori, D. Ivanov, S. Iwamoto, C. C. H. Jui, K. Kadota, F. Kakimoto, O. Kalashev, T. Kanbe, K. Kasahara, H. Kawai, S. Kawakami, S. Kawana, E. Kido, H. B. Kim, H. K. Kim, J. H. Kim, K. Kitamoto, S. Kitamura, Y. Kitamura, K. Kobayashi, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, K. Kuramoto, V. Kuzmin, Y. J. Kwon, S. I. Lim, S. Machida, K. Martens, J. Martineau, T. Matsuda, T. Matsuura, T. Matsuyama, J. N. Matthews, M. Minamino, K. Miyata, Y. Murano, I. Myers, K. Nagasawa, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, S. W. Nam, T. Nonaka, S. Ogio, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, K. Oki, D. Oku, T. Okuda, A. Oshima, S. Ozawa, I. H. Park, M. S. Pshirkov, D. C. Rodriguez, S. Y. Roh, G. Rubtsov, D. Ryu, H. Sagawa, N. Sakurai, A. L. Sampson, L. M. Scott, P. D. Shah, F. Shibata, T. Shibata, H. Shimodaira, B. K. Shin, J. I. Shin, T. Shirahama, J. D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, T. J. Sonley, R. W. Springer, B. T. Stokes, S. R. Stratton, T. Stroman, S. Suzuki, Y. Takahashi, M. Takeda, A. Taketa, M. Takita, Y. Tameda, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, S. B. Thomas, G. B. Thomson, P. Tinyakov, I. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, S. Troitsky, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsutsumi, Y. Tsuyuguchi, Y. Uchihori, S. Udo, H. Ukai, G. Vasiloff, Y. Wada, T. Wong, M. Wood, Y. Yamakawa, R. Yamane, H. Yamaoka, K. Yamazaki, J. Yang, Y. Yoneda, S. Yoshida, H. Yoshii, X. Zhou, R. Zollinger, and Z. Zundel

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Isotropy, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010306 general physics, Right ascension, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

We study the anisotropy of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) events collected by the Telescope Array (TA) detector in the first 40 months of operation. Following earlier studies, we examine event sets with energy thresholds of 10 EeV, 40 EeV, and 57 EeV. We find that the distributions of the events in right ascension and declination are compatible with an isotropic distribution in all three sets. We then compare with previously reported clustering of the UHECR events at small angular scales. No significant clustering is found in the TA data. We then check the events with E>57 EeV for correlations with nearby active galactic nuclei. No significant correlation is found. Finally, we examine all three sets for correlations with the large-scale structure of the Universe. We find that the two higher-energy sets are compatible with both an isotropic distribution and the hypothesis that UHECR sources follow the matter distribution of the Universe (the LSS hypothesis), while the event set with E>10 EeV is compatible with isotropy and is not compatible with the LSS hypothesis at 95% CL unless large deflection angles are also assumed. We show that accounting for UHECR deflections in a realistic model of the Galactic magnetic field can make this set compatible with the LSS hypothesis., 10 pages, 9 figures

Published
2012

25. The Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 10$^{17.2}$ eV Measured by the Fluorescence Detectors of the Telescope Array Experiment in Seven Years

Author

K. Hibino, T. Goto, Grigory Rubtsov, H. Yoshii, Akitoshi Oshima, Ben Stokes, Kazumasa Kawata, R. Azuma, H. Kawai, K. Nagasawa, Kenta Yashiro, M. Abe, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, K. Martens, Federico R. Urban, Mayuko Minamino, T. Suzawa, John Belz, K. Honda, S. Kitamura, Hang Bae Kim, Priti Shah, Hideki Tanaka, Yasunori Kitamura, Mai Takamura, Hidemi Ito, Isaac Myers, K. Tsutsumi, Byung Gu Cheon, Masaaki Tanaka, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Bokkyun Shin, Eiji Kido, Fumiya Shibata, Igor Tkachev, Pierre Sokolsky, J. H. Kim, Kazuhiro Machida, Y. Tsunesada, Zach Zundel, S. Kawakami, Douglas Bergman, Fumio Kakimoto, R. Ishimori, K. Kasahara, Kanako Yamazaki, K. Oki, Toshiyuki Nonaka, J. P. Lundquist, M. Takeda, Sergey Troitsky, Inkyu Park, R. W. Springer, Shigehiro Nagataki, G. Vasiloff, Heungsu Shin, Y. Mukai, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Jyunsei Chiba, Y. Yoneda, Akimichi Taketa, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Dongsu Ryu, Hiroshi Yamaoka, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, Masaomi Ono, Ryuji Takeishi, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Tomohiro Matsuda, S. B. Thomas, Toshihiro Fujii, Naoaki Hayashida, M. Allen, Shingo Kawana, O. Kalashev, W. R. Cho, Y. Uchihori, William Hanlon, Toru Nakamura, T. Okuda, J. Ogura, Kenichi Kadota, Takayuki Tomida, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, H. Tokuno, Takaaki Ishii, J. D. Smith, D. C. Rodriguez, J. Yang, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, J. Lan, Masato Takita, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, L. M. Scott, A. Nozato, Y. Hayashi, Hideaki Shimodaira, Vladim Kuzmin, T. Matsuyama, S. Ozawa, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, Maxim Pshirkov, Michiyuki Chikawa, S. Yoshida, Daisuke Ikeda, S. R. Stratton, Rasha Abbasi, Tiffany Wong, Masaki Fukushima, and R. Zollinger

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, law.invention, Telescope, Orders of magnitude (time), law, 0103 physical sciences, Energy spectrum, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The Telescope Array (TA) experiment is the largest detector to observe ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in the northern hemisphere. The fluorescence detectors at southern two stations of TA are newly constructed and have now completed seven years of steady operation. One advantage of monocular analysis of the fluorescence detectors is a lower energy threshold for cosmic rays than that of other techniques like stereoscopic observations or coincidences with the surface detector array, allowing the measurement of an energy spectrum covering three orders of magnitude in energy. Analyzing data collected during those seven years, we report the energy spectrum of cosmic rays covering a broad range of energies above 10$^{17.2}$ eV measured by the fluorescence detectors and a comparison with previously published results., Submitted to Astroparticle Physics

Published
2015

26. Publisher’s Note: Measurement of the proton-air cross section with Telescope Array’s Middle Drum detector and surface array in hybrid mode [Phys. Rev. D92, 032007 (2015)]

Author

Hideki Tanaka, K. Nagasawa, R. Zollinger, Hisono Tokuno, L. M. Scott, Pierre Sokolsky, A. Nozato, Y. Hayashi, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, K. Kawata, K. Hibino, Hidemi Ito, P. Tinyakov, Mai Takamura, Dmitri Ivanov, Rasha Abbasi, M. Takita, Inkyu Park, Daisuke Ikeda, S. R. Stratton, O. Kalashev, B. G. Cheon, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Tsunesada, Kalen Martens, R. W. Springer, Hideaki Shimodaira, Tiffany Wong, T. Goto, Charlie Jui, Ryuji Takeishi, Maxim Pshirkov, Sergey Troitsky, Mayuko Minamino, Yuichiro Tameda, K. Oki, K. Honda, Masaki Fukushima, Shunsuke Ozawa, Grigory Rubtsov, K. Yamazaki, T.-A. Shibata, Yasunori Kitamura, J. D. Smith, Takeshi Okuda, Vladim Kuzmin, Gordon Thomson, Igor Tkachev, Tom Stroman, H. Yoshii, Masaaki Tanaka, Robert Cady, Fumiya Shibata, Tomohiro Matsuda, Taka Tomida, Akimichi Taketa, R. Ishimori, M. Allen, S. B. Thomas, S. Kawakami, T. Matsuyama, Bokkyun Shin, John Belz, G. Vasiloff, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, J. Ogura, Eiji Kido, Kazuhiro Machida, Elliott Barcikowski, M. J. Chae, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Shingo Kawana, K. Kadota, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, D. R. Bergman, Naoaki Hayashida, Heungsu Shin, Y. Uchihori, William Hanlon, S. Yoshida, Y. J. Kwon, Toshitsugu Fujii, J. Yang, K. Kasahara, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Hideyuki Ohoka, John N. Matthews, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Fumio Kakimoto, Zach Zundel, M. Abe, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, S. I. Lim, Masaomi Ono, W. R. Cho, J. H. Kim, M. Ohnishi, Takaaki Ishii, Ben Stokes, Hongsu Kim, Federico R. Urban, D. C. Rodriguez, T. Suzawa, Toru Nakamura, H. Kawai, Isaac Myers, S. Kitamura, Kenta Yashiro, K. Tsutsumi, Priti Shah, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Michiyuki Chikawa, Y. Mukai, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Shigeharu Udo, R. Azuma, J. P. Lundquist, and J. Lan

Subjects
Physics, Surface (mathematics), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, business.industry, Detector, Drum, Astrophysics, Cosmology, law.invention, Gravitation, Telescope, Cross section (physics), Optics, law, business
Published
2015

27. The study of early recurrence risk factor for pancreatic cancer

Author

E. Nomura, H. Izumi, H. Makuuchi, H. Yoshii, and M. Mukai

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Hepatology, business.industry, Early Recurrence, Pancreatic cancer, Internal medicine, Gastroenterology, Medicine, Risk factor, business, medicine.disease
Published
2018

28. Measurement of ultra-high energy cosmic rays by telescope array (ta)

Author

H. Kawai, S. Yoshida, J. H. Kim, S. Roh, Dongsu Ryu, H. Yoshii, S. Nam, I. H. Park, J. Yang, B. G. Cheon, E. J. Cho, Hang Bae Kim, J. Kim, K. Tanaka, F. Cohen, M. Fukushima, N. Hayashida, K. Hiyama, D. Ikeda, E. Kido, Y. Kondo, T. Nonaka, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, S. Ozawa, H. Sagawa, N. Sakurai, T. Shibata, H. Shimodaira, M. Takeda, A. Taketa, M. Takita, H. Tokuno, R. Torii, S. Udo, Y. Yamakawa, H. Fujii, T. Matsuda, S. Y. Suzuki, M. Tanaka, H. Yamaoka, K. Hibino, T. Benno, K. Doura, M. Chikawa, T. Nakamura, M. Teshima, K. Kadota, Y. Uchihori, K. Hayashi, Y. Hayashi, S. Kawakami, T. Matsuyama, M. Minamino, S. Ogio, A. Ohshima, T. Okuda, N. Shimizu, H. Tanaka, Hyesung Kang, J. H. Lim, D. R. Bergman, G. Hughes, D. Ivanov, L. Scott, S. Stratton, G. B. Thomson, A. Endo, N. Inoue, S. Kawana, Y. Wada, R. Azuma, T. Iguchi, F. Kakimoto, S. Machida, K. Misumi, Y. Murano, Y. Tameda, Y. Tsunesada, J. Chiba, K. Miyata, T. Abu-Zayyad, M. Allen, J. W. Belz, S. A. Blake, O. Brusova, R. Cady, Z. Cao, P. Huentemeyer, C. C. H. Jui, K. Martens, J. N. Matthews, D. Rodriguez, P. Shah, J. D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, R. W. Springer, J. R. Thomas, S. B. Thomas, L. R. Wiencke, K. Honda, T. Ishii, S. Iwamoto, T. Tomida, Y. Tsuyuguchi, H. Ukai, K. Kasahara, I. S. Cho, W. R. Cho, and Y.-J. Kwon

Subjects
Physics, Telescope, law, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics, law.invention
Abstract

The Telescope Array (TA) is a large scale ground experiment in Utah, USA for the measurement of extensive air showers from the ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Its construction is completed in March, 2008 and the data taking started.

Published
2009

29. The cosmic ray primary composition at the knee region from lateral distributions of atmospheric C˘erenkov photons in extensive air showers

Author

Y. Yamada, Y. Kurashina, T. Mizobuchi, A. Velarde, H. Yoshii, S. Shimoda, S. Ogio, H. Tokuno, Yoshiki Tsunesada, T. Kaneko, O. Burgoa, Yoshimi Matsubara, P. Miranda, K. Kadota, K. Murakami, M. Kubo, Y. Toyoda, E. Gotoh, N. Tajima, K. Nishi, Yoshihiko Mizumoto, H. Nakatani, Fumio Kakimoto, A. Morizawa, Y. Shirasaki, D. Harada, and K. Yamada

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Mass number, Range (particle radiation), Photon, Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Mixing ratio, Empirical formula, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray
Abstract

We have measured the lateral distributions of atmospheric C˘erenkov photons associated with extensive air showers to study the chemical composition of the primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 10 14.5 to 10 16 eV, so called knee region. The atmospheric C˘erenkov photon detectors were installed in the EAS array at Mt. Chacaltaya. The measured lateral distributions were fitted with an empirical formula with a parameter which is sensitive to mass numbers of primary cosmic rays. A three species model (proton, carbon, and iron nuclei) is used for the chemical composition study of the present experiment. To determine the mixing ratio of the three species, the distributions of the parameter for the observed events were examined to reproduce those for the simulated ones calculated with the CORSIKA code using the QGSJET hadronic interaction model. From the obtained mixing ratio of the three species, we determined the mean logarithmic mass numbers of primary cosmic rays, 〈ln A 〉, in the knee region. The present result shows that the values of 〈ln A 〉 are higher than the logarithmic mass number for carbon and the proton component is no more dominant at the knee.

Published
2008

30. Telescope Array Experiment

Author

A. Ohshima, Shigeharu Udo, Shoichi Ogio, K. Ikuta, Hideaki Shimodaira, Michael J. Taylor, R. Azuma, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Y. Yamakawa, Hiroyuki Sagawa, T. Iguchi, J. D. Smith, H. Fujii, Yukio Uchihori, K. Hayashi, Yuichiro Tameda, R. Torii, Gareth Hughes, Z. Cao, K. Kadota, Nobuyuki Sakurai, K. Hashimoto, K. Hibino, M. Mostofa, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, H. Yamaoka, Fumio Kakimoto, Y. Kondo, John Belz, Y. Murano, Shunsuke Ozawa, Hideyuki Ohoka, Takayuki Tomida, Hisono Tokuno, M. Chikawa, H. Yoshii, T. Kanbe, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Akira Endo, K. Martens, T. Benno, Robert Cady, J. R. Thomas, Eiji Kido, Vincent B Wickwar, Y. Hayashi, R. W. Springer, Masato Takita, K. Doura, N. Hayashida, K. Miyata, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, Takaaki Ishii, S. R. Stratton, Tomohiro Matsuda, F. Cohen, Shingo Kawana, Masaki Fukushima, Thomas D. Wilkerson, S. Machida, John N. Matthews, Mayuko Minamino, Pierre Sokolsky, Noritaka Shimizu, M. Takeda, Masaaki Tanaka, Toshiyuki Nonaka, H. Kawai, Jyunsei Chiba, K. Misumi, S. Kawakami, P. Huentemeyer, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, C. C. H. Jui, S. B. Thomas, Takeshi Okuda, T. Doyle, Akimichi Taketa, Y. Wada, Lawrence Wiencke, Douglas Bergman, S. Yoshida, Katsuaki Kasahara, K. Hiyama, K. Honda, H. Tanaka, T. Matsuyama, Masahiro Teshima, and Toru Nakamura

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Observatory, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detector array, Anisotropy, business, Hybrid data, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The TA observatory is a hybrid detector system consisting of both a surface detector array as well as a set of fluorescence detectors. The observatory will measure the energy spectrum, anisotropy and composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The surface detectors are being deployed and the array should be complete by the end of February, 2007. We will soon be collecting hybrid data at the Telecope Array.

Published
2008

31. Satellite structures of Kr and Xe studied by high-resolution threshold photoelectron spectroscopy

Author

Y Morioka, H Yoshii, Tatsuji Hayaishi, and T. Aoto

Subjects
Physics, Photoemission spectroscopy, Photoionization, Electronic structure, Photon energy, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, symbols.namesake, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Rydberg formula, symbols, Atomic physics, Ground state, Line (formation)
Abstract

A high-resolution threshold photoelectron spectrum of Xe was measured in the photon energy region of the 5s25p4nl states. The peak width of the measured Xe 5s−1 main line was close to 5 meV. A previously measured spectrum of Kr was also analysed. Rich satellite peaks were clearly observed, including many peaks not observed in previous optical, photoelectron and threshold photoelectron studies. The satellite peak energies and their assignments for Kr and Xe are listed. The observed Rydberg series converging to the Xe2+ ground state was assigned to the (3P2)ng series by detailed analysis. The energy level of the Xe2+ 3P2 state as the converging limit of the observed Rydberg series was obtained as 38.355 eV.

Published
2007

32. Site-specific photoemission dynamics of N2O molecules probed by fixed-molecule core-level photoelectron angular distributions

Author

H Yoshii, K. Ito, Jun-ichi Adachi, Piero Decleva, Masakazu Yamazaki, Mauro Stener, and Akira Yagishita

Subjects
Physics, Shape resonance, Triatomic molecule, Photoionization, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Angular distribution, Ionization, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Molecule, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Wave function
Abstract

The site-specific 1s core-level photoionization of N2O molecules has been studied experimentally and theoretically at a time-dependent density functional level. The photoelectron angular distributions have been measured from the oriented molecules. The effects of site of ionization, of energy dependence and of configurations of molecular axis and polarization vector, have been discussed. The presence of two shape resonances is reflected in the particular behaviours observed in the photoelectron angular distribution, while their nature has been assessed in terms of the calculated photoelectron wavefunction. Comparison with isoelectronic CO2 molecules suggests that symmetry lowering does not play an important role, except for the resonant energy region.

Published
2006

33. Multiple photoionization following 3d5/2-shell threshold ionization of Xe

Author

S Kawakita, Jun-ichi Adachi, Tatsuji Hayaishi, E Murakami, Y Morioka, H. Yoshii, Akira Yagishita, T Matsui, and K. Tsukamoto

Subjects
Physics, Auger effect, Branching fraction, Photoionization mode, Photoionization, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, Auger, Ion, symbols.namesake, Ionization, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, symbols, Atomic physics
Abstract

Multiple photoionization of Xe near the 3d5/2-shell threshold photoionization region is studied by threshold electron–ion coincidence spectroscopy. The coincidence spectra of Xe3+ to Xe7+ ions exhibit characteristic profiles associated with multi-step post-collision interactions in Auger cascades following 3d5/2-shell threshold photoionization. The Auger cascade decay channels leading to the formation of multiply charged ions are deduced from the energies of the profile peaks, which increase gradually with increasing charge state. The formation of Xe3+ to Xe5+ ions is found to arise from cascades of normal Auger decays, whereas the formation of Xe6+ and Xe7+ ions involves double Auger decays. The branching ratio of double to normal Auger decays is estimated to be 0.25 (±0.1) for the decays following the creation of 3d5/2-hole states in Xe.

Published
2004

34. The Energy Spectrum and the Chemical Composition of Primary Cosmic Rays with Energies from 1014to 1016eV

Author

Y. Toyoda, S. Shimoda, H. Yoshii, E. Gotoh, H. Nakatani, N. Tajima, Fumio Kakimoto, Y. Tsunesada, H. Tokuno, Yoshihiko Mizumoto, K. Murakami, P. Miranda, Y. Shirasaki, Y. Yamada, A. Velarde, S. Ogio, D. Harada, Yoshimi Matsubara, T. Kaneko, O. Burgoa, K. Nishi, A. Morizawa, and Y. Kurashina

Subjects
Mass number, Nuclear physics, Physics, Air shower, Primary energy, Proton, Space and Planetary Science, Primary (astronomy), Mixing ratio, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Chemical composition
Abstract

We have measured extensive air showers with primary energies above 6 TeV at Mount Chacaltaya in Bolivia. The data were collected by an air shower array called the Minimum Air Shower (MAS) array starting in 2000 March. We applied an equi-intensity analysis method to the extensive air showers extended over the region of their maximum development. We varied the mixture of protons and iron in our simulations and compared these to the data to determine the mixing ratio of protons as a function of the primary energy. Using this, we derived the primary energy spectrum from 1014 to 5 × 1016 eV. Consequently, we conclude that the power-law index of the spectrum changes gradually around 1015.5 eV and that the obtained proton ratio decreases with increasing energy. We directly measured the longitudinal development of air showers generated by primaries with energies around the knee. We found that the average mass number of primary cosmic rays shows a steady increase with energy above 1014.5 eV and that the dominant component around the knee is not protons.

Published
2004

35. The Stark Quantum Beat of Ne Fluorescence in the Vacuum Ultra Violet Region

Author

T. Aoto, H Tokunaga, Y Morioka, H. Yoshii, H Yoshida, and Tatsuji Hayaishi

Subjects
Physics, Beat (acoustics), Field dependence, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Synchrotron, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Amplitude, Quantum beats, law, Electric field, Rydberg formula, symbols, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Quantum, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The Stark quantum beats between the M = 0 and |M| = 1 magnetic sublevels of Ne atom Rydberg states were observed in electric fields up to 5 kV/cm, using synchrotron vacuum ultra violet radiation. It was confirmed that the beat frequencies depend on the electric field strength squared. The angular correlation of the fluorescence intensities and the Stark beat amplitudes of some Rydberg states were measured and the experimental results agree with the theoretical predictions. The tensor polarizabilities of the 26 Ne Rydberg states were determined from the field dependence of the M = 0 and |M| = 1 splitting. A comparison between the experimental frequencies and the values calculated using the jl coupling scheme and the MQDT analysis was attempted.

Published
2003

36. Decay processes of the C2 2Π1/2u states of Ar2+, Kr2+, and Xe2+

Author

T. Aoto, Tatsuji Hayaishi, T. Onuma, K. Ito, H. Yoshii, and Y. Morioka

Subjects
Dimer, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy, Photoionization, Photon energy, Molecular physics, Dissociation (chemistry), Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Xenon, chemistry, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
Abstract

The threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectra of the rare gas dimers Ar2, Kr2, and Xe2 have been measured in the photon energy region between the first and second dissociation limits of the dimer ions. It has been found that the C2 2Π1/2u states of Kr2+ and Xe2+ completely dissociate via an optical transition to the repulsive B2 2Π1/2g state, while that of Ar2+ does not dissociate.

Published
2002

37. Cascade processes after 3p-shell threshold photoionization of Kr

Author

Tatsuji Hayaishi, T. Aoto, Y. Morioka, E Murakami, H. Yoshii, T Matsui, T. Onuma, A Higurashi, and Akira Yagishita

Subjects
Physics, Cascade, Ionization, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Photoionization, Electron, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, Coincidence, Auger, Ion
Abstract

Yield spectra of the multiply charged ions Kr2+, Kr3+, Kr4+ and Kr5+ in coincidence with threshold electrons (Ek≤0.03 eV) have been measured near the 3p-shell ionization region of Kr. Profiles of post-collision interaction (PCI) effects induced by Auger cascades following 3p-shell threshold ionization are derived from these coincidence spectra. On the basis of the PCI profiles, the number of Auger cascade steps for each of the decay channels leading to the formation of the multiply charged ions in 3p3/2- and 3p1/2-shell threshold ionization of Kr was determined, and the branching ratios of the decay channels were estimated.

Published
2002

38. Upper Limit on Gamma-Ray Flux above 10[TSUP]19[/TSUP] [CLC]e[/CLC]V Estimated by the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array Experiment

Author

N. Kawasumi, Nobuyuki Sakurai, M. Sasaki, T. Yamamoto, H. Ohoka, Fumio Kakimoto, Michiyuki Chikawa, S. Mizobuchi, I. Tsushima, N. Inoue, M. Sasano, M. Nagano, K. Shinozaki, S. Kawakami, Naoaki Hayashida, K. Honda, R. Torii, S. Kawaguchi, H. Yoshii, Masaki Fukushima, K. Kamata, S. Osone, Yoshiya Kawasaki, Y. Morizane, Y. Uchihori, Ayman Mahrous, K. Kadota, K. Mase, R. A. Vázquez, S. Yoshida, Masahiro Takeda, Naoto Sakaki, and Masahiro Teshima

Subjects
Physics, Muon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Gamma ray, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Akeno Giant Air Shower Array, Astrophysics, Nuclear physics, Earth's magnetic field, Space and Planetary Science, Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect
Abstract

The origin of the highest energy cosmic rays (≥1020 eV) is not well understood. Interesting models called "top-down" scenarios have been proposed to explain the origin. The γ-ray flux in ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is a key parameter for giving constraints on such models. To study the properties of γ-ray showers, we carry out simulation studies that take into account both the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect and electromagnetic interactions in the geomagnetic field. Based on an analysis of muons in air showers observed by the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array, the upper limits on the γ-ray flux are estimated to be 28% above 1019 eV and 67% above 1019.5 eV in the observed air showers at a confidence level of 95%. Above 1020 eV, the primary composition is in agreement with an extrapolation from lower energies, and there is no indication that the observed events are mostly γ-ray showers. These results provide observational constraints for origin models up to the highest energies.

Published
2002

39. Vibrationally resolved threshold photoelectron–photoion coincidence spectra of ArXe

Author

Y. Morioka, T. Aoto, H. Yoshii, T. Onuma, K. Ito, and Tatsuji Hayaishi

Subjects
Chemistry, Excited state, General Physics and Astronomy, Synchrotron radiation, Photoionization, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Photon energy, Atomic physics, Ground state, Molecular physics, Bond-dissociation energy, Spectral line, Ion
Abstract

High-resolution threshold photoelectron–photoion coincidence spectra of ArXe were measured in the photon energy region 11.9–15.9 eV using the penetrating field technique and synchrotron radiation. Six vibrational progressions were observed and ascribed to the production of the six electronic states of ArXe+ ions (X 1/2, A1 3/2, A2 1/2, C1 3/2, B 1/2, and C2 1/2) via photoionization of the ground state ArXe dimer. The lowest vibrational level ν=0 of the ground X 1/2 state and some of the other vibrational levels were observed for the first time in the present measurements. The vibrational constants were obtained from observed vibrational energy levels. The dissociation energy of the ground state (X 1/2) was obtained as D00=1432±8 cm−1.

Published
2002

40. Rotationally Resolved ZEKE Spectra of the X2Σg+(v+= 0 to 3), B2Σu+(v+= 0) and C2Σu+(v+= 0) states of N2+

Author

T. Aoto, H. Yoshii, Y Morioka, and Tatsuji Hayaishi

Subjects
Physics, Analytical chemistry, Value (computer science), Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Molecular electronic transition, Spectral line, symbols.namesake, Field desorption, Model simulation, Rydberg formula, symbols, Atomic physics, Ground state, Mathematical Physics, Spectral simulation
Abstract

Rotationally resolved zero-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectra of the N2+ X 2Σg+ (v+ = 0 to 3), B 2Σu+ (v+ = 0) and C 2Σu+ (v+ = 0) states were recorded using the pulsed field ionization method with synchrotron radiation dark gap. This experiment allows the determination of accurate spectroscopic constants. The term value for the B 2Σu+ (v+ = 0, N+ = 0) state from the N2 1Σg+ (v'' = 0, N'' = 0) ground state, was determined to be 151234.3±2.5 cm-1. That for the C 2Σu+ (v+ = 0, N+ = 0) state was found to be 190209.6±4.9 cm-1. The C 2Σu+ (v+ = 0) band N (N+-N'' = -3) branch intensities were extraordinarily strong in the ZEKE spectrum. Spectral simulation confirmed that the C 2Σu+ (v+ = 0) band overlaps the X 2Σg+ (v+ = 51) band and both bands are influenced by the autoionizing Rydberg states. The relative cλ coefficients, which are associated with the electronic transition moments, were determined by comparing the experimental results with the BOS theoretical model simulation. The ratio c2/c0 for the X 2Σg+ (v+ = 0) ← N2 X 1Σg+ (v'' = 0) transition was 0.18 and the ratio c3/c1 for the B 2Σu+ (v+ = 0) ← N2 X 1Σg+ (v'' = 0) transition was 0.35.

Published
2002

41. Study of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Composition Using Telescope Array's Middle Drum Detector and Surface Array in Hybrid Mode

Author

J. D. Smith, Michiyuki Chikawa, Hideaki Shimodaira, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Mayuko Minamino, Inkyu Park, K. Honda, Yasunori Kitamura, Igor Tkachev, Douglas Bergman, Kazumasa Kawata, R. Azuma, Masaaki Tanaka, S. Kitamura, Hidemi Ito, Rasha Abbasi, K. Yamazaki, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Vladim Kuzmin, K. Martens, K. Oki, T. Goto, M. J. Chae, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, S. I. Lim, M. Ohnishi, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Takahiro Fujii, J. H. Kim, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Elliott Barcikowski, Grigory Rubtsov, F. Kakimoto, L. M. Scott, S. B. Thomas, Kenta Yashiro, Dmitri Ivanov, A. Nozato, Y. Hayashi, Sergey Troitsky, H. Yoshii, Masato Takita, Akimichi Taketa, Bokkyun Shin, Mai Takamura, Fumiya Shibata, R. W. Springer, M. Abe, Takayuki Tomida, B. G. Cheon, R. Ishimori, R. Zollinger, A. L. Sampson, S. Yoshida, Tomohiro Matsuda, S. Kawakami, Zach Zundel, J. P. Lundquist, J. Yang, Hideki Tanaka, G. Vasiloff, Yoshiki Tsunesada, T. Matsuyama, Daisuke Ikeda, Hongsu Kim, J. Lan, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, S. R. Stratton, K. Hibino, Tiffany Wong, Masaki Fukushima, Federico R. Urban, Takaaki Ishii, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Maxim Pshirkov, K. Kasahara, Priti Shah, D. C. Rodriguez, Akitoshi Oshima, Masaomi Ono, Shunsuke Ozawa, Naoaki Hayashida, Toshiyuki Nonaka, T. Suzawa, Robert M. Anderson, Oleg Kalashev, W. R. Cho, K. Nagasawa, Y. Mukai, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Toru Nakamura, Isaac Myers, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Kenichi Kadota, Shingo Kawana, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, Y. Uchihori, H. Tokuno, Heungsu Shin, Ryuji Takeishi, M. Allen, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, H. Kawai, John Belz, Eiji Kido, Kazuhiro Machida, K. Tsutsumi, Pierre Sokolsky, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, J. Ogura, and B. T. Stokes

Subjects
Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Resolution (electron density), Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Auger, law.invention, Computational physics, Telescope, Observatory, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

Previous measurements of the composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays(UHECRs) made by the High Resolution Fly's Eye(HiRes) and Pierre Auger Observatory(PAO) are seemingly contradictory, but utilize different detection methods, as HiRes was a stereo detector and PAO is a hybrid detector. The five year Telescope Array(TA) Middle Drum hybrid composition measurement is similar in some, but not all, respects in methodology to PAO, and good agreement is evident between data and a light, largely protonic, composition when comparing the measurements to predictions obtained with the QGSJetII-03 and QGSJet-01c models. These models are also in agreement with previous HiRes stereo measurements, confirming the equivalence of the stereo and hybrid methods. The data is incompatible with a pure iron composition, for all models examined, over the available range of energies. The elongation rate and mean values of Xmax are in good agreement with Pierre Auger Observatory data. This analysis is presented using two methods: data cuts using simple geometrical variables and a new pattern recognition technique., Comment: 23 pages, 30 figures

Published
2014
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42. Upper limit on the flux of photons with energies above1019 eVusing the Telescope Array surface detector

Author

S. Kitamura, K. Kasahara, B. G. Cheon, John Belz, T. Shirahama, Y. Murano, T. Iguchi, X. Zhou, H. Kawai, Maxim Pshirkov, W. R. Cho, Fumiya Shibata, M. Tanaka, K. Nagasawa, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, S. I. Lim, M. Ohnishi, R. Ishimori, Y. Kondo, K. Martens, Hideki Tanaka, R. Azuma, T. Matsuura, A. L. Sampson, S. Udo, K. Oki, Yasuhiro H. Takahashi, H. Ukai, Priti Shah, Ben Stokes, K. Kuramoto, Grigory Rubtsov, Zach Zundel, M. Wood, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, L. M. Scott, H. Yoshii, S. B. Thomas, S. W. Nam, Shoichi Ogio, Toru Nakamura, Y. Uchihori, E. J. Cho, Y. Hayashi, S. Y. Roh, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Naoaki Hayashida, R. Zollinger, Kenichi Kadota, T. Kanbe, Michiyuki Chikawa, S. Iwamoto, S. Kawakami, Robert M. Anderson, J. H. Kim, S. Machida, Isaac Myers, S. Suzuki, Tomohiro Matsuda, Charlie Jui, J. Yang, K. Kitamoto, Inkyu Park, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, J. Lan, Hideaki Shimodaira, K. Kobayashi, Mayuko Minamino, K. Hayashi, S. R. Stratton, Douglas Bergman, Hiroyuki Sagawa, K. Honda, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Tiffany Wong, T. Fukuda, Masaki Fukushima, Yasunori Kitamura, T. Fujii, Vladim Kuzmin, R. Aida, Hiroshi Yamaoka, S. Yoshida, Fumio Kakimoto, Y. Wada, K. Hibino, D. Oku, Sergey Troitsky, K. Tsutsumi, J. I. Shin, K. Hiyama, K. Yamazaki, Takaaki Ishii, Taka Tomida, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, T.-A. Shibata, Y. Yamakawa, Gordon Thomson, Elliott Barcikowski, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, D. C. Rodriguez, Dmitri Ivanov, H. Fujii, G. Vasiloff, Akitoshi Oshima, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Masato Takita, Y. Tsuyuguchi, Igor Tkachev, Shunsuke Ozawa, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Hyun-Il Kim, T. Matsuyama, Hongsu Kim, Akimichi Taketa, M. Allen, Eiji Kido, Y. Kobayashi, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, H. Tokuno, J. D. Smith, K. Miyata, Bokkyun Shin, Pierre Sokolsky, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Shingo Kawana, K. Ikuta, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, Dmitry Gorbunov, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, and O. Kalashev

Subjects
Physics, Surface (mathematics), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Limit (mathematics), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We search for ultra-high energy photons by analyzing geometrical properties of shower fronts of events registered by the Telescope Array surface detector. By making use of an event-by-event statistical method, we derive upper limits on the absolute flux of primary photons with energies above ${10}^{19}$, ${10}^{19.5}$, and ${10}^{20}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$ based on the first three years of data taken.

Published
2013

43. NEW NEUTRON-RICH ISOMERS OBSERVED AMONG FISSION FRAGMENTS OF 345 MEV/U 238U AND EVOLUTION OF NUCLEAR STRUCTURE

Author

D. KAMEDA, T. KUBO, T. OHNISHI, K. KUSAKA, A. YOSHIDA, K. YOSHIDA, M. OHTAKE, N. FUKUDA, H. TAKEDA, K. TANAKA, N. INABE, Y. YANAGISAWA, Y. GONO, H. WATANABE, H. OTSU, H. BABA, T. ICHIHARA, Y. YAMAGUCHI, M. TAKECHI, S. NISHIMURA, H. UENO, A. YOSHIMI, H. SAKURAI, T. MOTOBAYASHI, T. NAKAO, Y. MIZOI, M. MATSUSHITA, K. IEKI, N. KOBAYASHI, Y. KAWADA, N. TANAKA, S. DEGUCHI, Y. SATOU, Y. KONDO, T. NAKAMURA, K. YOSHINAGA, C. ISHII, H. YOSHII, Y. MIYASHITA, N. UEMATSU, Y. SHIRAKI, T. SUMIKAMA, J. CHIBA, E. IDEGUCHI, A. SAITO, T. YAMAGUCHI, I. HACHIUMA, T. SUZUKI, T. MORIGUCHI, A. OZAWA, T. OHTSUBO, M. A. FAMIANO, H. GEISSEL, A. S. NETTLETON, O. B. TARASOV, D. BAZIN, B. M. SHERRILL, S. L. MANIKONDA, and J. A. NOLEN

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Cluster decay, Fission, Nuclear structure, Neutron
Published
2013

44. Energy spectrum of TeV gamma rays from Mrk 501 obtained by stereoscopic analysis

Author

T. Yuda, H. Kitamura, M. Takeda, M. Sasano, N. Ito, N. Inoue, K. Honda, D. Nishikawa, S. Kawakami, S. Hayashi, R. Torii, K. Hibino, E. C. Loh, Y. Uchihori, To. Saito, S. Yoshida, Tetsuya T. Yamamoto, Pierre Sokolsky, H. Shimodaira, H. Lafoux, M. Ohnishi, K. Mizutani, Masahiro Teshima, Y. Yamamoto, Michiyuki Chikawa, H. Yoshii, F. Kajino, T. Matsuyama, A. Shiomi, Masaki Nishizawa, K. Kuramochi, F. Ishikawa, Y. Hayashi, T. Kashiwagi, S. Kabe, H. Ohoka, T. Nishiyama, S. F. Taylor, N. Chamoto, N. Sakaki, T. Ouchi, Yoshiya Kawasaki, N. Kawasumi, M. Tsukiji, T. Takahashi, H. Hirasawa, M. Sakata, Naoaki Hayashida, Jun Nishimura, E. Kusano, N. Hotta, and M. Nagano

Subjects
Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Photon, Infrared, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Differential index, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Stereoscopy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, law.invention, Telescope, law, Energy spectrum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We have observed flares of TeV-gamma rays from Mrk501 in 1997 using three telescopes of the Utah Seven Telescope Array at Dugway, Utah. Determination of the energy spectrum from such Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is very important, because the gamma-ray spectrum is expected to steepen around 10 TeV from objects like Mrk501 by the interaction of the infrared photons. We have developed the method to estimate energies of the gamma rays by stereoscopic analysis using multiple telescopes. The differential index of the energy spectrum obtained is well expressed by −2.5 between 700 GeV and 3 TeV. This spectrum seems to become steeper above several TeV.

Published
1999

45. Post-collision interaction effects of threshold photoelectrons in Kr -shell photoionization

Author

Y Morioka, Tatsuji Hayaishi, T. Tanaka, Eiji Shigemasa, Fumihiro Koike, E Murakami, H. Yoshii, and Akira Yagishita

Subjects
Physics, Photoemission spectroscopy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Shell (structure), Photoionization, Photoelectric effect, Condensed Matter Physics, Interaction, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, Coincidence, Auger, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics
Abstract

A threshold photoelectron spectrum and its component spectra of Auger cascades following Kr -shell photoionization have been measured by a threshold photoelectron-ion coincidence technique. These spectra exhibit characteristic profiles of post-collision interaction effects induced by the Auger cascades. Peak shifts of the profiles increase gradually according to the times of the interactions, but peak widths of the profiles are almost independent of the times of interactions. These characteristics are analysed in terms of a simple model based on the assumption that double-Auger (Auger shake-off) decays reduce the effective number of steps of the Auger cascades.

Published
1999

46. Observations of T[CLC]e[/CLC]V Gamma-Ray Flares from Markarian 501with the Telescope Array Prototype

Author

N. Hotta, M. Sasaki, K. Honda, M. Nagano, Naoaki Hayashida, Yoshihiko Mizumoto, Tetsuya T. Yamamoto, Jun Nishimura, Y. Yamamoto, H. Kitamura, Masaki Nishizawa, E. Kusano, H. Yoshii, H. Lafoux, M. Ohnishi, M. Chikawa, Y. Kawasaki, M. Sakata, T. Matsuyama, Y. Hayashi, Masahiro Teshima, S. Kabe, N. Chamoto, T. Sugiyama, S. F. Taylor, K. Sakumoto, S. Kawakami, T. Ouchi, N. Sakaki, S. Yoshida, Y. Uchihori, T. Yuda, H. Hirasawa, H. Shimodaira, T. Takahashi, N. Ito, To. Saito, R. Torii, H. Kuramochi, T. Kashiwagi, E. C. Loh, F. Kajino, N. Kawasumi, N. Inoue, M. Tsukiji, K. Mizutani, Pierre Sokolsky, H. Ohoka, I. Tsushima, A. Shiomi, D. Nishikawa, F. Ishikawa, K. Hibino, and M. Sasano

Subjects
Physics, Oscillation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, law.invention, Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, law, Energy spectrum
Abstract

We will report the observations of TeV gamma ray flares from Markarian 501 using Telescope Array Prototype. The observation were carried out continuously from the end of March to the end of July in 1997. The energy spectrum, and the time variation of the gamma ray intensities are shown. The intensity has been changed by the order of magnitude in this period and the possible quasi periodic oscillation of 12.7days were discovered., 16 pages, 4 figures

Published
1998

48. High-resolution threshold photoelectron spectra of molecular oxygen in the 18–24 eV region

Author

K. Ito, H. Yoshii, Tatsuji Hayaishi, T. Tanaka, Y. Morioka, and R I Hall

Subjects
Photoemission spectroscopy, Chemistry, Synchrotron Radiation Source, General Physics and Astronomy, Ionic bonding, chemistry.chemical_element, Molecular oxygen, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Multiplicity (chemistry), Atomic physics, Quantum number, Oxygen, Spectral line
Abstract

A high-resolution threshold photoelectron spectrum of molecular oxygen has been studied between 18 and 24 eV using the penetrating field technique and a synchrotron radiation source. Nine ionic states are observed, and three of them for the first time. Higher vibrational levels of the b 4Σg− state and the 2Φu state are also studied. Furthermore, the doublet structure of the 2Φu state is resolved for the first time. Two new states with quartet multiplicity are assigned to the 4Πg and the 4Πu states which dissociate to the limit, [O(3P)+O+(2D)], at 22.059 eV. Also we tentatively assign another newly observed band to the 2Πu state. The long vibrational progression of the 3 2Πu state is clearly observed in the region 22.3–23.8 eV with doublet splitting which increases with increasing of the vibrational quantum number.

Published
1998

49. High resolution threshold photoelectron spectrum of oxygen in the 12–19 eV region

Author

K. Ito, Tatsuji Hayaishi, T. Tanaka, T Akahori, H. Yoshii, and Y. Morioka

Subjects
Photoemission spectroscopy, Chemistry, Synchrotron Radiation Source, Extrapolation, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Synchrotron radiation, High resolution, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Photon energy, Atomic physics, Oxygen, Dissociation (chemistry)
Abstract

The threshold photoelectron spectrum of oxygen has been measured with high resolution in the photon energy range of 12–19 eV using a penetrating field technique and a synchrotron radiation source. The long vibrational progression of the X2Πg state of O2+ was observed to v′=45. An extrapolation in a Birge–Sponer plot (ΔG versus v′+1/2) gives a maximum vibrational level vmax′=56. The A2Πu state was also measured in detail. Most vibrational levels of the A2Πu state of O2+ (from v′=0 to 24) were observed for the first time. A Birge–Sponer plot of the A2Πu state gives a maximum vibrational level vmax′=31. The dissociation limit of the A2Πu state is slightly higher (76 meV) than the well-known dissociation limit O(3P2)+O+(3S0) 18.733 eV. Therefore the A2Πu state may be considered to have a hump. We observed new states which were assigned to 4Σg+ and 2Σu+ according to a previous theoretical investigation [Beebe et al., J. Chem. Phys. 64, 2080 (1976)]. Potential curves of the X2Πg and A2Πu states were calculated ...

Published
1997

50. Further development of data acquisition system of the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array

Author

H. Ohoka, I. Tsushima, Y. Uchihori, N. Kawasumi, K. Kadota, K. Honda, K. Murakami, Fumio Kakimoto, K. Kamata, Yutaka Matsubara, H. Yoshii, S. Yoshida, N. Inoue, Masahiro Teshima, M. Nagano, M. Takeda, Naoaki Hayashida, S. Kawaguchi, and Morihiro Honda

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Data acquisition, Astronomy, Stage (hydrology), Astrophysics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Akeno Giant Air Shower Array, Instrumentation
Abstract

The data acquisition system of the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA) is described. The AGASA array covers an area of about 100 km2 and has been operated since 1990 to study the origin of extremely high energy cosmic rays. In the early stage of our experiment, AGASA was divided into four sub-arrays called branches for topographical reasons so that air showers were observed independently at each branch. In December 1995, we have improved the data acquisition system and unified the four branches into a single detection system. By this unification, the effective detection area of the AGASA increases by about 1.7 times in the early stage.

Published
1997

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