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The objective of this work is to know the influence that emotional intelligence has on the development of different conflict resolution management styles. For this purpose, 155 students from the Early Childhood Education and Primary Education degrees responded to the Spanish adaptations of the Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), as well as the ROCI-II scale. The results showed how the most used conflict resolution style was Integration, characterized by high self- and others interest, and the least used style was Domination, characterized by high self-interest and low other people's interest. Likewise, it was observed how the dimension of Evaluation of the emotions of others contributed to developing resolution styles based on a high interest of others, and how the Regulation of emotions, paradoxically, contributed to developing positively styles focused on low self-interest, such as servility and avoidance, and contributed to reducing the Integration style, characterized by a high self-interest. The results reveal the necessity to introduce emotional intelligence in teaching planning in order to develop conflict resolution styles based on active listening, common interest, and assertive values, necessary conditions for the workplace of future teachers. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de conocer la influencia que tiene la inteligencia emocional en el desarrollo de diversos estilos de gestión de resolución de conflictos. Para este fin, 155 estudiantes de los grados de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria respondieron a las adaptaciones al español de la escala de Inteligencia Emocional Wong-Law (WLEIS), así como de la escala ROCI-II. Los resultados evidenciaron cómo el estilo de resolución de conflictos más usado fue el de Integración, caracterizado por un alto interés propio y ajeno, y el estilo menos usado fue la Dominación, caracterizado por un alto interés propio y bajo interés ajeno. Asimismo, se observó cómo la dimensión de Evaluación de las emociones de los demás contribuía a desarrollar estilos de resolución basados en un alto interés ajeno, y cómo la Regulación de las emociones, paradójicamente, contribuía a desarrollar estilos centrados en un bajo interés propio, como el servilismo y la evitación, y a reducir el estilo de Integración, caracterizado por un alto interés propio. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de introducir la inteligencia emocional en la programación docente con el fin de desarrollar estilos de resolución de conflictos basados en la escucha activa, el interés común, y los valores asertivos, condiciones necesarias para el ámbito laboral del futuro profesorado.

Unlike other fields of knowledge in which research is synonymous of progress, in the educational field, research is not seen as a pillar to improve teaching practice. Taking this problem as a starting point, open responses of 264 Spanish teachers from all educational stages were analysed on the reasons why teachers do not give importance to educational research, as well as the possible proposals to improve this situation. After an inductive analysis, the findings suggest that there was a total of 19 reasons why teachers do not give importance to educational research, and 15 proposals to improve their involvement, being these categories accepted unanimously regardless the educational stage of the teachers. On the one hand, the main reasons why educational research does not impact on teaching practice were 4: lack of training, lack of time, teachers’ comfort zone and difficulty of transference of the results to the classroom. On the other hand, the main proposals to improve this situation were also 4: training throughout the university degree and throughout working life, changing the distribution of time (fewer hours of teaching and more hours of research), distribution of incentives (economic, merits ...), and proposal of practical and real topics of what the teachers need in class.

En los últimos años estamos asistiendo a un cambio de paradigma en el que el emprendimiento ha dejado de ser un fenómeno exclusivamente empresarial para convertirse en un fenómeno también educativo. El docente emprendedor se caracteriza por ser una persona creativa, innovadora, flexible, capaz de asumir riesgos y orientar su práctica hacia la mejora educativa. En esta investigación se plantea la hipótesis de que tener una alta percepción de importancia, implicación y competencia en la investigación educativa puede contribuir significativamente al desarrollo de competencias docentes emprendedoras, al proporcionarles los conocimientos y herramientas suficientes para orientar su práctica y permitirles tomar las mejores decisiones. Para probar esta hipótesis participaron en este estudio 397 docentes mediante la cumplimentación de la Escala de Percepción hacia la Investigación Educativa y la Escala de competencias emprendedoras. Los resultados de un análisis de moderación revelaron una serie de beneficios potenciales para los profesores universitarios y no universitarios. En concreto, se valoró cómo tener una mayor implicación en la investigación educativa y tener una mayor competencia en la investigación educativa contribuía a mejorar la autoeficacia y la proactividad; y la capacidad de afrontar riesgos y dificultades; ambas, dimensiones relacionadas con la enseñanza del emprendimiento.

The objective of this work was to take a close look at the profile of the digital competence of pre-service early childhood and primary school teachers. To this end, 200 students from Education deg...

Cisplatin is the standard of treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) that has demonstrated efficacy, either in locally advanced disease when combined with radiotherapy at high doses, or in metastatic/recurrent disease when combined with other agents. However, the usual toxicities related to cisplatin, such as neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and hematologic toxicities, especially when high doses have been administered, have important implications in the patients’ quality of life. The decision to administer cisplatin depends on several patient factors, such as age, performance status, weight loss, comorbidities, previous toxicities, chronic viral infection, or even the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In order to establish recommendations for the management of patients with SCCHN, a group of experts in medical and radiation oncology from Spain and Latin-American discussed how to identify patients who are not candidates for cisplatin to offer them the most suitable therapeutic alternative.

Background: About 80% of breast cancer (BC) cases express estrogen receptor (ER), which has been correlated with good prognosis and response to estrogen deprivation Aim: To characterize ER positive advanced BC (ABC) patients treated at our institution assessing the impact of clinical pre-sentation (stage IV, de novo disease at diagnosis versus systemic recurrence) and BC subtype on survival rates. Material and Methods: We evaluated 211 ER+ advanced BC (ABC) patients, treated between 1997 and 2017. Results: The median overall survival (OS) was 37 months. Median OS for the period 1997/2006 and 2007/2017 were 33 and 42 months, respectively (p = 0.47). Luminal A, ABC stage IV disease at diagnosis displayed better OS rates than Luminal B stage IV tumors (100 and 32 months respectively, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Clinical presentation (stage IV vs. systemic recurrence) and tumor subtype are key determinants of OS in ABC.

Background Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) such as Pembrolizumab have recently become the standard treatment for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (NSCLC) in patients without Epidermal Growth Factor (EGFR) gene alterations. Previous reports suggest no significant benefit from CPI treatments among EGFR mutant NSCLC patients and recommend the use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors such as Afatinib. Case presentation: Herein, we report a rare case of a 39-year old, light-smoker woman with a metastatic EGFR mutant NSCLC (exon-19 deletion) that exhibited rapid progression and an unusual clinical response to Afatinib without changes in tumor histology. Tumor was negative for PDL1. Biopsy analyses by NGS prior and after Afatinib treatment indicated an increase in focal somatic copy number alterations (fSCNAs) but no T790M or c-MET amplification, and a low Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB). Given her rapid progression and deterioration, and despite its PDL1- status and her low TMB patient started treatment with Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy. Surprisingly, patient displayed a complete response after just 4 cycles and is soon to complete a year in remission. Conclusions We speculate intratumoral heterogeneity, the combination of radiotherapy plus immunotherapy or the concomitant use of chemotherapy plus immunotherapy could explain the observed response in this patient. Also, based in our data we suggest the SBRT/CPI combination could be an option for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-refractory EGFR mutant NSCLC patients or as a second-line treatment.

It is believed that a positive perception that one has when performing a specific task, allows having a better positioning to be able to face the challenges demanded by the professional environment with greater ease and optimism, consequently, reducing the levels of Burnout. The main objective of this research is to verify by means of an analysis of mediation and moderation if this hypothesis, that connects self-efficacy, resilience and burnout, occurs amongst social and legal sciences faculty members. To this effect, 384 faculty members participated on this study. The results reveal that resilience works as a mediator between self-efficacy and burnout with the same strength regardless of the contextual variables, but not as moderator. The correlations between the three constructs resulted significant in all cases. Finally, meaningful differences were found between gender and between the type of university. In view of these results, theoretical and practical applicability is discussed.

Resumen Se cree que una percepcion positiva de uno mismo al desarrollar una tarea concreta permite tener un mejor posicionamiento para hacer frente a los retos surgidos en el ambito profesional con mayor facilidad y optimismo, reduciendo consecuentemente los niveles de burnout. El principal objetivo de esta investigacion es verificar a traves de un analisis de mediacion y moderacion si esta hipotesis, que conecta, autoeficacia, resiliencia y burnout, es cierta entre el profesorado universitario de ciencias sociales y legales. Para ello 384 profesores participan en este estudio. De los resultados se observa como la resiliencia funciona como mediadora entre la autoeficacia y el burnout con la misma fuerza, independientemente de las variables contextuales, pero no como moderadora. De igual modo, las correlaciones entre los tres constructos resultan significativas en todos los casos. Finalmente, se hallan diferencias significativas en el genero y en el tipo de universidad. En vista de estos resultados, se discute su aplicabilidad teorica y practica.

Objective: Clinical guidelines recommend the use of endocrine therapy (ET) in advanced hormone receptor positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 negative (HER2-) breast cancer (...

Se está produciendo una transformación en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje universitario de un modelo centrado en el profesor hacia un modelo centrado en el estudiante. Se examinan los principales factores que influyen en el denominado aprendizaje profundo, consistente en un tipo de aprendizaje más comprometido y con mayor motivación intrínseca de los estudiantes. El objetivo principal es poner en valor la relevancia de la percepción de los estudiantes sobre su propio aprendizaje, basándose en la teoría y en el propio modelo de Rué (2009) cuyo instrumento ha sido la base de este estudio. La muestra participante en la investigación fue de 536 estudiantes de diferentes titulaciones de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL). La metodología empleada consistió en la aplicación de un cuestionario para conocer cómo los estudiantes evalúan la calidad de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en su contexto. Para analizar los resultados se ha llevado a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio después de un análisis de ítems. Los resultados obtenidos han permitido encontrar un modelo significativo para explicar el aprendizaje universitario, con validez y fiabilidad muy elevada, con cinco dimensiones: establecer vínculos, comunicación, planificación, orientación y evaluación. Por otra parte, se presenta un instrumento que puede ser una útil herramienta para el profesorado para conocer desde la perspectiva de sus estudiantes como valoran la enseñanza y aprendizaje que se desarrolla en su contexto., A transformation is taking place in the university teaching-learning process from a techer-centered model to a student-centered model. The main factors that influence the deep learning are examined, consisting of more committed type of learning and with greater intrinsic motivation of the students. The main objective is to value the relevance of the students’ perception of their own learning, base don the theory and on the model of Rué (2009), whose instrument has been the basis of this study. The sample participating in the research was 536 students from different degrees from the Private Technical University of Loja (UTPL). The methodology used consisted of the application of a questionnaire to learn how students evaluate the quality of teaching and learning that are developed in the classroom and outside the classroom. A confirmatory factor analysis has been carried out to analyse the results after an analysis of items. The results obtained have allowed finding a significant model to explain university learning, with very high validity and reliability, with five dimensions: establishing links, communication, planning, orientation and evaluation. On the other hand, an instrument is presented that can be a useful tool for teachers to know from the perspective of their students how they value the teaching and learning that develops in their context.

En un clima de polarización como el que se vive actualmente, el recurso al miedo y a la descalificación, tan común en las estrategias políticas electoralistas, se topa con límites éticos y legales vinculados al discurso del odio y al enaltecimiento del terrorismo. Por ello, estudiar las dinámicas de redes que rozan la radicalización violenta, en general, y los discursos del odio, en particular, se torna vital. El objetivo del presente estudio es, en primer lugar, caracterizar los discursos en torno a la inmigración que proceden de los representantes políticos de los partidos principales de España y, en segundo lugar, evaluar dichos discursos en función del nivel de riesgo en el que incurren de cometer delitos relacionados con el discurso del odio. Para este fin, se utiliza una red social como sistema de análisis, Twitter, en la que se analizan 500 tweets relacionados con las palabras «inmigrantes», «menas» y «refugiados» de un total de 132.249 tweets de los diversos partidos políticos más influyentes. Los hallazgos apuntan a la existencia de un patrón estadísticamente significativo y antagónico entre los discursos de los partidos políticos PSOE y Vox ante la inmigración ilegal. Concretamente, se aprecia cómo mientras el primero destaca la parte más humanística de la inmigración y considera que es un problema que debe ser tratado internacionalmente, el segundo subraya las consecuencias negativas que puede tener esta situación en la seguridad de la ciudadanía española. Finalmente, se proponen diversas implicaciones educativas relacionadas con la competencia mediática y el empoderamiento del profesorado y del alumnado. In a climate of polarization like the one we are currently experiencing, the use of fear and disqualification, so common in electoral political strategies, runs up against ethical and legal limits linked to hate speech and the praise of terrorism. For this reason, studying the dynamics of networks that are on the verge of radicalization, in general, and hate speech, in particular, becomes vital. The objective of this study is, firstly, to characterize the speech related to immigration that comes from the political representatives of the main parties in Spain and, secondly, to evaluate this speech based on the level of risk of committing crimes related to hate speech. For this purpose, a social network is used as an analysis system, Twitter, in which 500 tweets related to the words «immigrants», «menas» (unaccompanied minors) and «refugees» are analyzed from a total of 132,249 tweets from the more influential political parties. The findings point out the existence of a statistically significant and antagonistic pattern between the PSOE’s and Vox’s political parties’ speech regarding illegal immigration. Specifically, it is appreciated how while the first highlights the most humanistic part of immigration and considers that it is a problem that should be solved internationally, the second underlines the negative consequences that this situation could have on the security of Spanish citizens. Finally, various educational implications related to media competence and the empowerment of teachers and students are proposed. Este artículo surge dentro del proyecto de investigación «Prevención de la radicalización violenta en España», LCF/PR/PR13/51080004, financiado por dos años (noviembre 2019-noviembre 2021) por la Fundación la Caixa y la Fundación Caja Navarra, y que desarrolla a través de I-Communitas de la Universidad Pública de Navarra. También se da dentro del proyecto nacional de prueba de concepto Smart War: viejas guerras, nuevas tecnologías (PDC2021-121472-I00).

Background Recreational running has greatly increased over the last decade, and different research has tried to understand the motivation that leads these amateur athletes to run. However, most research has focused on adult athletes, while the motivation behind older adult athletes has been overlooked. Methods The aim of this research was to analyse the motivational aspects of amateur runners aged over 50 years, and to consider the influence that years of practice, type of participation and some socio-demographical variables have on these older adults’ motivation behind running. 244 older adult amateur athletes in total completed an online survey with the 56 items contained in the motivation of marathoners scales (MOMS), 108 of whom were female (44%), and 136 were male runners (56%). Athletes were asked about their years’ running experience ( 10 years), their participation in running events (recreationally, half marathon, marathon, ultramarathon) and age (ranges 50–60, more than 60 years), gender (male, female), family life (whether in a relationship or not), and whether they had children (yes, no). Results The results showed statistical differences in the nine MOMS dimensions in terms of years’ running experience and participation in different running events. Moreover, older adult runners’ gender and age subsequently showed statistical differences with five and six motivational factors respectively, while athletes that did not have children were more likely to run regarding competition and showing recognition. Family life did not show any statistical association with any of the dimensions on the scale in this population, while regression analyses showed that, mainly, years’ running experience and participation were positively predicted, together with most motivational dimensions, while having children was negatively predicted in some of them. Conclusions This study showed that older adult runners’ reasons for participating differ from those obtained in previous studies, especially regarding training experience and participation in events. Therefore, the older adult population should be specifically addressed.

Flipped classroom is an educational methodology whereby students complete the most theoretical part of a lesson at home, usually by viewing educational videos or using other similar tools. This allows them to dedicate more class time to developing higher order thinking skills via the completion of practical tasks. Since its introduction in the classroom few years ago, the number of primary education teachers using the method has increased steadily, but teachers sometimes lack reliable data on its effectiveness. The objective of this research was to address this by analysing how the methodology affects primary education students’ self-concept. To this end, data were collected on 822 students (Age = 10.84; SD = .873), who were divided into a control group (437 students) and an experimental group (385 students). The experimental group underwent a 7-month flipped classroom intervention. Both groups completed the AF-5 scale before and after the intervention. The results suggest, firstly, that the flipped classroom methodology neither significantly improved nor significantly worsened any of the dimensions of self-concept more than the group that did not apply this methodology. Meanwhile, however, both groups did show improvements in the social, emotional and family dimensions of their self-concept. The paper concludes with a discussion of these outcomes and suggestions for future research topics.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in Chile, causing >3,000 deaths every year. Epidemiological LC data in Chile is scarce and scattered. Here, we aimed to quantify the prevalence of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in a Chilean cancer center. These data may identify individuals that could benefit from targeted therapies such as Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs). Methods: A total of 1,405 Biopsies from 1,381 LC patients were retrospectively analyzed retrieving clinical data from EGFR mutants including age, gender, histological type, smoking habits and type of EGFR mutation. We also analyzed overall survival (OS) rates. Results: From all patients 21.7% had clinically relevant EGFR mutations, and a median age at diagnosis of 65 years. Most were female (64%), classified as adenocarcinomas (94.5%), and non-smokers/light smokers (93.1%). The most prevalent mutation was exon-19 deletions (50.6%) followed by Leucine-to Arginine 858; OS was 15 months. Clinical follow-up information was available for 83 patients. The use of TKIs in these patients significantly improved OS. Conclusion: The prevalence of EGFR mutations in the studied population was 21.7%, comparable to other countries in Latin America. The most frequent EGFR mutation was exon-19 deletion, OS in this group was 15 months, and TKIs significantly improved OS.

Objective: Tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC) patients is a predictor for overall survival. The aim of our study was to determine a relationship between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) prior to NAC, BC subtypes and the probability of a pathologic complete response (pCR). Materials and Methods: Medical records were collected retrospectively from Centro de Cancer at Red Salud UC-Christus. Clinical data collected included peripheral blood cell counts, BC subtype at diagnosis and the pathology report of surgery after chemotherapy. Results: A total of 88 patients were analyzed. Approximately, a 25% had a pCR, and displayed a significant correlation between BC subtype and pCR (p= 0.0138 Chi2); this was more frequent in epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) enriched subtype patients (54%). Luminal B BC patients with a pCR had significantly lower NLR levels (t test, p= 0.0181). Conclusions: HER2-enriched tumors had a higher probability of pCR. In Luminal B tumors, NLR had a statistically significant relationship with the probability of pCR. In this subtype, NLR could be a useful biomarker to predict tumor response to NAC. Further studies including other clinical parameters for systemic inflammation such as platelet counts, intratumoral NLR or body mass index could help identify patients that would get the most benefit from NAC.

Background: Thymic epithelial tumors are rare and highly heterogeneous. Reports from the United States suggest an overall incidence of 0.15 per 100,000/year. In contrast, the incidence of these tumors in Latin America is largely unknown and reports are scarce, somewhat limited to case reports.Methods: Herein, we report a series of 38 thymic tumors from a single institution, retrospectively incorporated into this study. Patient characteristics and outcomes including age, sex, stage, paraneoplastic syndromes, treatment regimens and the date of decease were obtained from medical records.Results: Most cases in our series were females and young age (

Background Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death for Chilean women. About 11% of cases are triple-negative (TN) BC. These are characterised by poor prognosis, higher risk of early recurrence and visceral dissemination versus other BC subtypes. Current standard treatment for early-stage non-metastatic TNBC patients consists of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by surgery and radiotherapy. Pathological complete response (pCR) to NACT is associated with an increase in survival rates. In general, NACT and adjuvant regimens involve similar cytotoxic drugs. Recent studies have postulated that the use of platinum compounds in TNBC would increase response rates. However, their effects on patient survival remain uncertain. Materials and methods We retrieved and analysed medical records from a total of 156 Chilean stage I-III TNBC female patients that received NACT and compared survival rates using carboplatin (Cb)-containing versus non-Cb-containing regimens at two health cancer centres. Results Median age was 51 years (range: 24-81); 13.5% (n = 21) received Cb-containing regimens, 80.1% (n = 125) received sequential anthracyclines plus taxanes; 29.5% (n = 46) of the total group achieved pCR, 28% for the standard treatment and 35% (n = 8) for the Cb-containing group (p = 0.59). We confirmed pCR was associated with prolonged overall survival, invasive and distant disease-free survival (Log-rank p = 0.0236). But the addition of Cb was not associated with differences in survival measures (Log-rank p = 0.5216). Conclusions To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first report on real-world data in the Chilean population assessing the effect of Cb-containing NACT in TNBC. The authors' results suggest no survival benefit by the addition of Cb to standard NACT. However, we confirm an increase in survival associated to pCR regardless of treatment.

It is though that those students who better manage their time and perceive themselves to be more effective in the tasks they perform are thought to be due, in part, to a stronger understanding and command of digital competence. This competence allows students to know and use a greater number of tools and techniques to respond to the problems that arise in their academic career, favouring the reduction of perceived stress. To test this hypothesis, a total of 200 students from different degrees of Education and universities participated in the study, who answered the Digital Competence Questionnaire in University Students, the Spanish version of Time Management Behaviour Questionnaire, the Scale of Perceived Self-efficacy in academic situations, and the Scale of Global Perception of Stress. The results show how the starting hypothesis is fulfilled in that time management and academic self-efficacy function as mediators between digital competence and types of positive or negative stressors. Finally, these findings implications are discussed. post-print 411 KB

In our globalised, pluralistic, and often information-swamped society, critical thinking is recognised as an important competence to be developed in university education. In order to investigate this, 142 Latin American and Spanish teachers were asked about the importance of and potential for developing critical thinking in university education. Their responses were subjected to an inductive analysis, which lead to 13 categories about the reasons why it is important, and 11 categories about the potential and limitations for developing it in university education. These categories were found to remain statistically unchanged regardless of age, years of teaching experience, area of knowledge, gender and geographical area. Results show that teachers consider important to teach critical thinking at university and mainly for students to become good professionals in a complex world. Teachers believe it is possible to teach it, as long as active methodologies are used, in addition to other reasons, such as taking into account the lack of interest and preparation about critical thinking that students bring to university. Getting to know university teacher´s views about the importance and possibilities of teaching and learning critical thinking is crucial for the establishment of meaningful curriculum plans and learning activities for its development. post-print 502 KB

espanolEn el presente estudio se ha tratado de conocer cuales son los motivos que tienen los estudiantes para esforzarse en el proceso de aprendizaje a traves de la teoria de metas academicas en funcion del curso y el sexo. En esta linea, tomaron parte 1059 estudiantes (539 chicas y 520 chicos) de 4o, 5o o 6o de Educacion Primaria, quienes rellenaron el Cuestionario de Metas Academicas (Garcia et al., 1998). Los resultados apuntan a que existia una correlacion significativa de intensidad leve-moderada entre las diferentes metas. De igual modo, los chicos presentaron puntuaciones significativamente superiores a las chicas en las metas de valoracion social, y las chicas significativamente mayores a los chicos en las metas de aprendizaje. Respecto al curso, tambien se aprecio como tanto las metas de aprendizaje como las metas de valoracion social disminuian con el paso de los cursos. Estos resultados concuerdan casi en su totalidad con investigaciones desarrolladas en otro tipo de poblacion. EnglishThe purpose of the current research study has been toknow which are the reasons students have to strive in the learning process through the goal theory, analysing course and sex differences. In this line, 1059 students (539 girls and 520 boys) of 4th, 5th and 6th grade of Primary Educa-tion took part fillingout the Academic Goals Question-naire (Garcia et al., 1998). The results suggest that there was a significant correlation of mild-moderate intensity between the different goals. Likewise, the boys showed significantly higher scores than girls in socialassessment goals, and the girls significantly higher that the boys in learning goals. With regard to the course, it was also no-ticed that learning goals and social assessment goals de-creased with the passage of time.These findings agree al-most entirely withinvestigations developed in another type of population

Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. In recent decades, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) defined GC molecular subtypes. Unfortunately, these systems require high-cost and complex techniques and consequently their impact in the clinic has remained limited. Additionally, most of these studies are based on European, Asian, or North American GC cohorts. Herein, we report a molecular classification of Chilean GC patients into five subtypes, based on immunohistochemical (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) methods. These were Epstein&ndash, Barr virus positive (EBV+), mismatch repair-deficient (MMR-D), epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like, and accumulated (p53+) or undetected p53 (p53&minus, ). Given its lower costs this system has the potential for clinical applicability. Our results confirm relevant molecular alterations previously reported by TCGA and ACRG. We confirm EBV+ and MMR-D patients had the best prognosis and could be candidates for immunotherapy. Conversely, EMT-like displayed the poorest prognosis, our data suggest FGFR2 or KRAS could serve as potential actionable targets for these patients. Finally, we propose a low-cost step-by-step stratification system for GC patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Latin American report on a molecular classification for GC. Pending further validation, this stratification system could be implemented into the routine clinic

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women. We retrieved medical records from >2,000 Chilean BC patients over the 1997–2018 period. The objective was to assess changes in clinical presentation or prognosis of our patients throughout these 20 years of practice. Although most variables did not display significant variations, we observed a progressive increase in stage IV BC over this period. Our data showed that tumour stage III/IV or HER2-enriched subtype tumours were associated with poorer prognosis. In contrast, we found that patients diagnosed by mammography had better overall survival. We speculate that better screenings and more sensitive imaging could explain the unexpected rise in stage IV cases. Our results support mammography screenings as an effective measure to reduce BC-related mortality.

Objective: Apply three prognostic models “online” (Nothingham index (NPI), Adjuvantonline! (AO) and PREDICT used in routine oncology practice in order to stratify patients and define the use of adjuvant therapies in patients with stage I breast cancer (BC) to evaluate its correlation and overall survival (OS) in our population. Methods: We obtained patients’ medical records data with invasive BC T1N0M0, treated at the Cancer Center of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, from January 1997 to December 2003. Results: We analyzed data from 125 patients. Median age was 55 years (3580). Most tumors were infiltrating ductal carcinoma (72.8%), estrogen receptor positive (88.8%), 80% received endocrine therapy (ET). The estimated ET and chemotherapy benefit was not significantly different according to the AO and PREDICT models (1.3% and 1% for CT, p = 0.13, 0.9% and 1% for ET p = 0.8, respectively). The estimated median OS on NPI (96%) was higher than calculated by AO (90.9%) and PREDICT (92.5%). Interestingly diseasespecific mortality estimated was 3%, similar to that observed (3.2%). While the estimated median OS by all models in the group of deceased patients was lower than in surviving, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.85). Conclusion: The prognostic models applied effectively predict OS in Chilean patients with T1N0M0 BC, but in this series, they do not sufficiently discriminate patients with poor prognosis. The addition of co- morbidities to AO does not alter the results.