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In 2007, as American housing markets started to decline, the government-sponsored enterprises dramatically increased their acquisitions of low FICO and high loan-to-value mortgages. By 2008, the agencies had reversed course by decreasing their high-risk acquisitions. I develop a theory in which large lenders temporarily increase high-risk activity at the end of a boom. In the model, lenders with many outstanding mortgages have incentives to extend risky credit to prop up house prices. The increase in house prices lessens the losses they make on their outstanding portfolio of mortgages. As the bust continues, lenders slowly wind down their mortgage exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the market for initial coin offerings (ICOs) as a laboratory, we provide evidence that entrepreneurs use retention to alleviate information asymmetry. The underlying technology and the absence of regulation make the ICO market well suited to study this question empirically. Using a hand-collected data set, we show that ICO issuers that retain a larger fraction of their tokens are more successful in their funding efforts and are more likely to develop a working product. Moreover, we find that retention is a stronger signal when markets are crowded, and investors do not have as much time to conduct due diligence. This paper was accepted by Will Cong, Special Section of Management Science: Blockchains and Crypto Economics. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4631. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: heterogeneous catalyst; 3-aminoalkylated indoles; solvent-free protocol; microwave-assisted; multicomponent reaction; one-pot synthesis EN heterogeneous catalyst 3-aminoalkylated indoles solvent-free protocol microwave-assisted multicomponent reaction one-pot synthesis 3153 3158 6 09/11/23 20231004 NES 231004 Graph Multicomponent reactions (MCRs), [1] primarily focusing on concepts such as atom economy and green chemistry have achieved considerable attention of scientific community globally. To the best of our knowledge no report has been published for the synthesis of 3-alkylaminoalkylated indoles with primary amines under microwave irradiation treated over heterogeneous catalyst in one-pot three-component reaction conditions. Heterogeneous catalyst, 3-aminoalkylated indoles, solvent-free protocol, microwave-assisted, multicomponent reaction, one-pot synthesis. [Extracted from the article]

Video summarization deals with the generation of a condensed version of the original video by including meaningful frames or segments while eliminating redundant information. The main challenge in a video summarization task is to identify important frames or segments corresponding to human perception which varies from one genre to another. In the past two decades, several summarization techniques ranging from conventional non-learning to deep learning based mechanisms have been developed. This study provides a comprehensive survey focusing on the massive literature with scope ranging from general to domain specific methods, single view to multi-view processes, generic to user-interaction based mechanisms and conventional to deep learning-based approaches. The presented work provides general pipeline and broad classification of video summarization systems. The survey also presents genre-wise datasets description, various evaluation techniques and future recommendations. The key-points of presented work lie in its approach of analyzing literature in a systematic manner and its wide coverage by including some of the domains that have been overlooked over the time like aerial videos, medical videos and user-customization based approaches. The research work in each category is investigated, compared and analyzed on the basis of various intrinsic characteristics. The main objective of this manuscript is to guide future researchers about state-of-the-art work done in various domains of the video summarization field, so that the scope and performance of automatic video summarization systems can be enhanced further by designing new approaches or by improving different existing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]