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Colon cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancers among all gastrointestinal cancers and the treatment options for it are limited. Therefore, there is a need to explore novel and less toxic treatment options for colon cancer. Plants and plant derived products have been used as anticancer agents since decades. In the current study we evaluated the anticancer effects of thunder god vine (TGV) extract against colon cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that TGV extract reduces the cell viability of HTB-39 colon cancer cells in a concentration dependent manner. The IC50 of TGV extract was found to be 25 μg/ml against the HTB-39 colon cancer cells as compared to the IC50 of 130 μg/ml against normal CRL-1459 cells. DAPI and annexin V/PI staining revealed that TGV extract triggered apoptosis in HTB-39 colon cancer cells which was associated with upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, TGV extract could also induce G2/M cell cycle arrest in HTB-39 colon cancer cells at IC50 and the concentrations above it. The TGV extract was also evaluated in vivo in xenograft mice models and it was found that TGV extract could reduce tumor growth and volume in vivo indicating its anticancerous potential. We conclude that TGV exerts its anticancer effects via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. We strongly believe that TGV extract could prove a source of important anticancer molecules.

The prevention and treatment efficiency of ethanol-induced gastric epithelial injury are not satisfied. We have previously shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation exerts a pro-survival function in human gastric epithelial cells (GECs). miroRNA-451 (“miR-451”)’s inhibitor, antagomiR-451, can activate AMPK signaling. In the present study, we show that forced-expression of antagomiR-451 via a lentiviral vector depleted miR-451, leading to AMPK activation in established GES-1 cells and primary human GECs. AntagomiR-451 efficiently protected GES-1 cells and primary human GECs from ethanol-induced viability reduction and apoptosis. AMPK activation is required for antagomiR-451-induced GEC protection. AMPKα1 knockdown (by targeted-shRNAs) or knockout (by CRISPR-Cas-9 KO plasmid) blocked antagomiR-451-induced AMPK activation, and GEC protection against ethanol. Further experimental results show that antagomiR-451 significantly attenuated ethanol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Collectively, antagomiR-451 protects human GECs from ethanol via activating AMPK signaling.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. Standard treatment after early detection involves surgical excision (recurrence is possible), and metastatic gastric cancer is refractory to immuno-, radio-, and most harmful chemotherapies. Various natural compounds have shown efficacy in killing different cancers, albeit not always specifically. In this study, we show that dandelion root extract (DRE) specifically and effectively suppresses proliferation and migration in human gastric cells without inducing toxicity in noncancerous cells. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to promote tumorigenesis in many cancer types. Here, we showed that the lncRNA colon cancer-associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) was down-regulated in dandelion-treated GC cells. Furthermore, downregulation of CCAT1 inhibited proliferation and migration of gastric cells. We also found that DRE exerted its function in GC cells partially through targeting CCAT1. This data will provide a basis on which further research in cancer treatment through DRE can be executed.

This work investigates the removal of B in Si by the addition of Zr in the electromagnetic solidification refinement of silicon-aluminum melts. As Zr has a strong affinity for B and can form the thermodynamically stable compound of ZrB2, the B content of lower-grade Si is expected to be effectively removed by adding a small amount of Zr to the Si-55 at% Al melt. The results show that Zr is strongly responsible for the decrease in B content of refined Si. The removal fraction of B significantly increased from 60.2% to 97.3% by adding a small amount of Zr (0 to 3500 ppmw). In addition, the removal fraction of Zr from Si was found to be as high as 98.6%; however, its residual content in the refined Si was significantly larger than its solid solubility in Si, possibly due to the non-equilibrium solidification occurring during the refining process.

Background Irisin is a newly identified myokine in mice and humans. Many studies have reported irisin concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The large variations in irisin concentrations in different studies may be attributable to differences in sample size or populations. The aim of the present study was to establish an accurate confidence interval of irisin levels in T2DM patients using a case-control study and large-scale meta-analysis. Methods Serum irisin concentrations were determined in newly diagnosed T2DM patients (n = 50) and age- and body mass index-matched controls (n = 50) in a case-control study. Further, a meta-analysis was conducted to verify whether circulating irisin concentrations are lower in patients with T2DM. All publications regarding the association between irisin and T2DM in Medline, PubMed and EMBase were retrieved using the keywords “irisin” and “myokine”. Review Manager 5.0 (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) was used to pool the data. Results In the case-control study, irisin concentrations were lower in newly diagnosed T2DM patients compared with healthy controls. In the meta-analysis, the pooled data indicated that irisin concentrations were 24.46 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.31, 39.60; P = 0.002) lower in T2DM patients than healthy controls. Conclusions This study confirmed that circulating irisin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with T2DM.

Solar grade silicon and modified Al-Si alloys are widely used in the world. These two favored materials are expected to obtain by the electromagnetic directional solidification of hypereutectic Al-Si melts. The segregation of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy is feasible with respect to the process of either pull-up or drop-down in electromagnetic directional solidification. To explore the segregation efficiency, experiments have been conducted in a high-frequency induction furnace with different pulling conditions of hypereutectic Al-Si melts. The results show that the segregation efficiency of dropping-down is higher than that of pulling-up; the slower dropping-down rate lead to higher segregation efficiency in the electromagnetic directional solidification; increasing the temperature gradient may promote the separation efficiency. A separation mechanism model responsible for the formation of the distribution of primary silicon in the cross-sections is also proposed. Wish to provide theoretical basis for the more efficiency of the segregation of hypereutectic Al-Si melts.

In this paper, the intelligentized way is applied to detecting anomaly intrusion. Based on the global property of genetic algorithm and the locality of neural network, this method effectively improves the convergence speed of the network and the detection accuracy rate. It not only avoids the defect of the neural network, but also improves the precision.

The temperature distribution has important influence on the position and shape of solid-liquid interface during directional solidification process. So the calculation of temperature field is fairly significant for both structural analysis and temperature control. In this paper, the finite element method is applied to establish the 2D axisymmetric model for modeling the temperature distribution and the solid-liquid interface shape of multicrystalline silicon in semi-industrial directional solidification furnace. The numerical results show that the temperature field and solid-liquid interface shape can be controlled by adjusting the pulling rate in directional solidification process, and an optimized pulling rate of this system was obtained for large diameter silicon crystals with low defect density and uniform dopant distribution.

The temperature and velocity distribution of melting pool fields is very important effect to the silicon purification in vacuum induction furnace. A numerical model for the electromagnetic-thermal hydrodynamic coupling field has been developed by using the finite element method (FEM) and a two-dimension numerical simulation for temperature of metallurgical-grade silicon melting in vacuum induction furnace was carried out by using a software Multi-physics Comsol 4.2 in this paper. The results showed that the temperature field was dependent on induction heating times and melting pool position and the maximum temperature grads was 400K in constant temperature stage. With the silicon was molted gradually two vortexes were come into being for electromagnetic stirring in the smelting poor.

Based on the further study on the dynamic dimming algorithms, the Inverse of Mapping Function (IMF) method, the error correction method and the cumulative distribution function (CDF) method are analyzed and applied to get the dimming level in the bottom-lit backlight. 50 typical images are simulated. The power reduction, contrast ratio enhancement, and MSSIM are explored to evaluate the 3 above dimming algorithms, the simulation results show that: IMF method does not apply to the low average luminance images; error correction method is suitable for a wide range of images, but the energy-saving rate is not high; though the energy-saving rate of the CDF method is higher than the other two kinds of algorithms, the image quality has a some kind of distortion.

Multi-block gray statistics local dimming algorithm is proposed to automatically control the brightness of the backlight for reducing energy consumption and enhancing the image quality. The large blocks are used to determine the value of backlight matrix and small blocks are to determine the image block brightness. With the use of BMA (Blur-mask approach) to blur the backlight brightness matrix and compensate LCD control signal, local dimming function is realized.The simulation results show that: for pictures, the average backlight power consumption is decreased markedly by 19.9% and the contrast ratio is increased by 53%.

In order to analyze the mechanical properties of the steel truss roof burst in the case of defective within, the use of non-linear display dynamic finite element analysis software ANSYS / LS-DYNA to study the different effects of different random defect structure. The measured defect data is obtained by a construction tube truss roof structure .To accord to the random sampling method, defects randomly distributed and the parametric statistical information is to establish. Defect structure antiknock performance is derived, considering the tube truss structure roofing layer, and unconsidering the two simulation models for pipe truss structure roofing layer, and taking into account the rod defects affect the dynamic characteristics of tube truss structure to explosivesposition, explosives equivalent parameters by analyzing and comparing the different parameters of the explosion of the power of the tube truss structure response. Roof layer, the location of the explosion, explosives equivalent with tube truss structure antiknock performance relationship and the weak position of the structure is determined to ensure that the building security to provide a theoretical basis . The results show that the tube truss structure system when the explosion shock wave loads, its dynamic response is a very complex process, the role of the explosion shock wave loading, pipe truss the plastic development process and the structure of the internal location of the explosion, explosivesweight, defects, and consider whether the the roofing layer has relationship.

Different from common commercial liquid crystal displays (LCDs), LCDs in military applications have some special requirements including high luminance, wide operating temperature, and night vision compatibility. This paper designs a direct-lit LED backlight for a 5 in×5 in LCDs and puts forward three solutions for heat dissipation. The simulation results show that the solution of 17×17 LED array on common opening FR4 PCB can satisfy the requirement.

This paper describes a backlight system that can not only reach high luminance but perform a wide color gamut with NVIS compatibility. The backlight consists of red (R), green (G), blue (B), and amber (A) four colors LEDs. During daytimes, RGBA LEDs are simultaneously turned on, providing more luminance and wider color gamut. When working in the night mode, the red LEDs are turned off. The simulation and practical results show that RGBA backlight present the characteristics of high luminance and wide color gamut with compatibility of night vision.

The paper proposes a global backlight dimming algorithm for CR enhancement and power reduction. S-shaped function is involved to help improve CR. Both the backlight dimming level and the turning point grayscale of the s-shaped curve are determined by the histogram of the input image. The pixels with the grayscales more than the turning point are compensated to become brighter and the pixels less than turning point become darker. The simulation results show that the proposed dimming algorithm can improve CR by average 34.95% and reduce power consumption by 11.30%.

A novel agarase-producing, non-endospore-forming marine bacterium, WH0801T, was isolated from a fresh seaweed sample collected from the coast of Weihai, China. Preliminary characterization based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that WH0801Tshared 96.1 % similarity withAgarivorans albusMKT 106T, the type species of the genusAgarivorans. A polyphasic taxonomic study was conducted and confirmed the phylogenetic affiliation of strain WH0801Tto the genusAgarivorans. Isolate WH0801Tproduces light-yellow-pigmented colonies; cells are Gram-stain-negative, straight or curved rods, which are motile with a single polar flagellum. Strain WH0801Tgrew in 0.5–5 % NaCl, with optimum growth at 3 % NaCl, and its optimal pH and cultivation temperature were 8.4–8.6 and 28–32 °C, respectively. Data from biochemical tests, whole-cell fatty acid profiling, 16S rRNA gene sequence studies and DNA–DNA hybridization clearly indicated that isolate WH0801Trepresented a novel species within the genusAgarivorans, for which the nameAgarivorans gilvussp. nov. is proposed. The type strain ofAgarivorans gilvussp. nov. is WH0801T(=NRRL B-59247T=CGMCC 1.10131T).

Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecules (ALCAM, also called CD166, MEMD) are cell surface immunoglobulins that are considered to be prognostic markers for breast cancer. CD166/ALCAM has gained increasing attention because of its significant association with tumor progression and the metastatic spread of breast cancer. Two polymorphisms have been identified in the CD166/ALCAM gene: 5'UTR C/T (rs6437585) and 3'UTR A/G (rs11559013). We analyzed the genotypes of 1033 individuals with breast cancer, and 1116 controls; odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. The effects and functions of polymorphisms were examined using luciferase gene expression assays and real-time PCR analyses. Our data demonstrated that individuals with the rs6437585 CT + TT genotype had an OR of 1.38 (95% CI, 1.11-1.72) for developing breast cancer, compared to those with the CC genotype. The T allele increased the risk of breast cancer in a dose-dependent manner (P (trend) < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences found between cases and controls at the rs11559013 A/G site. Additional experiments that we performed, which focused on reporter gene expression driven by CD166/ALCAM promoters, demonstrated that the presence of an rs6437585 T allele led to greater transcriptional activity than the rs6437585 C allele. This was consistent with the increased cancer risk that we observed in our case-control analysis.

Rare alleles at the HRAS1 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) locus have been implicated in breast cancer risk. Although many studies have showed that rare HRAS1 alleles may be associated with breast cancer risk, this relationship remains controversial. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the potential association between rare HRAS1 alleles and breast cancer risk. A database search found a total of 13 studies involving 1926 breast cancer cases and 2800 controls. Crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to test the strength of association. When all the studies were combined into the meta-analysis, we found that breast cancer cases had a significantly higher frequency of rare alleles (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.34, 3.10). In the subgroup analysis by race, we found that breast cancer cases had a significantly higher frequency of rare alleles (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.37, 3.36) among Caucasians. In the subgroup analysis by study design, we found that breast cancer cases had a significantly higher frequency of rare alleles (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.62, 3.79) among groups with hospital-based controls. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested that rare alleles at the HRAS1 VNTRs may contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. More population-based case-control studies were needed especially in Asians in the future.

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) can degrade various components of the extracellular matrix and its functional genetic polymorphisms may be associated with breast cancer risk. However, this relationship remains controversial. A meta-analysis was conducted in order to investigate the potential association between four polymorphisms in the MMP gene and breast cancer risk. A database search yielded a total of 9 studies involving 2,597 cases and 2,618 controls. Four polymorphisms were included in the meta-analysis: MMP-1 -1607 2G/1G (rs1799750), MMP-2 -1306 C/T (rs243865), MMP-3 -1171 6A/5A (rs3025058) and MMP-9 -1562 C/T (rs3918242). Crude odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the strength of association. When all the studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, we found that breast cancer cases had a significantly higher frequency of CC genotype (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.47; P = 0.001) and lower frequency of CT genotype (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.67, 0.91; P = 0.001) of MMP-2. No significant difference was found in any genotype of MMP-1, MMP-3 or MMP-9. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested that MMP-2 -1306 C/T polymorphism may contribute to breast cancer susceptibility. More studies were needed especially in Asians in the future.

Half of the world's population experiences Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, which is a main cause of gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcer, and gastric cancers. In the current study, we investigated the potential role of compound 13 (C13), a novel α1-selective small molecule activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), against H. pylori-induced cytotoxicity in cultured gastric epithelial cells (GECs). We found that C13 induced significant AMPK activation, evidenced by phosphorylation of AMPKα1 and ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase), in both primary and transformed GECs. Treatment of C13 inhibited H. pylori-induced GEC apoptosis. AMPK activation was required for C13-mediated GEC protection. Inhibition of AMPK kinase activity by the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, or silencing AMPKα1 expression by targeted-shRNAs, alleviated C13-induced GEC protective activities against H. pylori. Significantly, C13 inhibited H. pylori-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in GECs. C13 induced AMPK-dependent expression of anti-oxidant gene heme oxygenase (HO-1) in GECs. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) and tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), two HO-1 inhibitors, not only suppressed C13-mediated ROS scavenging activity, but also alleviated its activity in GECs against H. pylori. Together, these results indicate that C13 inhibits H. pylori-induced ROS production and GEC apoptosis through activating AMPK–HO–1 signaling. - Highlights: • We synthesized compound 13 (C13),more » a α1-selective small molecule AMPK activator. • C13-induced AMPK activation requires α1 subunit in gastric epithelial cells (GECs). • C13 enhances Helicobacter pylori-induced pro-survival AMPK activation to inhibit GEC apoptosis. • C13 inhibits H. pylori-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in GECs. • AMPK-heme oxygenase (HO-1) activation is required for C13-mediated anti-oxidant activity.« less

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, especially in Asia. The development of GC is a multifactorial process and numerous studies have linked genetic variation to GC risk. In this study, we evaluated the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CD226 on GC susceptibility in Chinese populations including 687 cancer patients and 936 control subjects. We found that the G allele of the rs727088AG polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region of CD226 was significantly associated with risk of GC using logistic regression (P10(-3)). GC patients who harbored the rs727088G allele had significantly increased cancer risk (odds ratio=1.43, 95% confidence interval=1.23-1.67) compared with those patients harboring the rs727088A allele. Moreover, functional relevance was further performed that individuals carrying the rs727088G allele were correlated with lower expression level of CD226 than individuals carrying the rs727088AA homozygous genotype. These findings indicated that functional polymorphism rs727088AG in CD226 might modify the susceptibility for the development of GC.

In recent years, the iron and steel industry’s operation condition has been continuously worsening, profitability reducing, thus the product mix decision (PMD) for the iron and steel enterprises became research focus to reduce manufacturing costs and maximize profits. Taking into account unit-level, batch-level and product-level cost, an integrated model conducting product mix decision for steelmaking, continuous casting and hot rolling (SM-CC-HR) process was proposed in this paper. A numerical example was presented to illustrate data input, solution method and result analysis. By comparing the model with two traditional ones, it was showed that the model attained higher profit and smoother implementation, because it traced the cost appropriately and effectively reduced the volume of left slabs in manufacturing processes and that of left steel products after order-delivery.

Multi-view stereoscopic display systems based on lenticular lens work as naked display systems with the principle of lenticular splitting, forming viewing zones(VZ) in front of display. To improve the 3-D effect of the display system, the forming cause and the sensitive parameters of VZ need to be studied and analyzed, which are the optical parameters of the system. In this paper, the relations between viewing-zone and the optical parameters of lenticular focal length, sub-pixel etc. are discussed. Quality value is adopted to be a parameter of evaluating 3-D effect, in addition, the corresponding formulas and diagrams are given. Finally, using the above results, a 47-inch autostereoscopic display based on lenticular lens is produced, the above theory is verified. The experiment shows that the formula obtained is consistent with the test data.

In the title coordination polymer, [CuI(C14H18N4S2)]n, the CuI center is trigonally coordinated by two pyrimidine N-atom donors from two distinct dithioether ligands and one iodide anion. The Cu and I atoms are located on a twofold axis, whereas the midpoint of the central C—C bond of the dithioether ligand is located on an inversion center. Each organic ligand, acting in a bidentate mode, bridges two CuI ions, resulting in the formation of polymeric zigzag chains. The dihedral angle between the two pyrimidine units bonded to the metal center is 88.01 (2)°. The crystal packing is mainly stabilized by van der Waals forces and π–π stacking interactions, with an interplanar distance between the pyrimidine rings of adjacent chains of 3.638 (3) Å.

With improved luminous efficiency, reduced cost, long lifetime, wide color gamut, fast response, LEDs are becoming a suitable solution for LCD backlight. Backlight consisting of white LEDs has the merit of high luminous efficiency while is not possible to change color temperature. Backlight with colorful LEDs of red, green, blue to form white lights can reach various color temperatures while luminous efficiency is not as high as white LED backlight. A mixed backlight combining white and colorful LEDs is presented in this paper to preserve the merits of both kinds of LED backlights. High luminous efficiency white LEDs provide most of luminance and colorful LEDs are only lightened when color temperature is to change. An implementation is realized. The experimental results show that the theoretical model is appropriated and the mixed backlight presents the high luminous efficiency with less LEDs and possibility to change color temperature.

In the title coordination polymer, [CuI(C(14)H(18)N(4)S(2))](n), the Cu(I) center is trigonally coordinated by two pyrimidine N-atom donors from two distinct dithio-ether ligands and one iodide anion. The Cu and I atoms are located on a twofold axis, whereas the midpoint of the central C-C bond of the dithio-ether ligand is located on an inversion center. Each organic ligand, acting in a bidentate mode, bridges two Cu(I )ions, resulting in the formation of polymeric zigzag chains. The dihedral angle between the two pyrimidine units bonded to the metal center is 88.01 (2)°. The crystal packing is mainly stabilized by van der Waals forces and π-π stacking inter-actions, with an inter-planar distance between the pyrimidine rings of adjacent chains of 3.638 (3) Å.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Pt(C23H17N2)Cl], contains two independent molecules with distinct dihedral angles between the central pyridyl and methylbenzene rings [7.77 (2) and 24.07 (2)°]. Short intermolecular distances [3.582 (6) and 3.600 (6) Å] between the outer pyridine and the PtNC3 and PtN2C2 rings, respectively, indicate the existence of π–π interactions, which link the molecules into stacks along the a axis. The crystal structure is further stabilized by weak C—H...π interactions.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Pt(C(23)H(17)N(2))Cl], contains two independent mol-ecules with distinct dihedral angles between the central pyridyl and methylbenzene rings [7.77 (2) and 24.07 (2)°]. Short inter-molecular distances [3.582 (6) and 3.600 (6) Å] between the outer pyridine and the PtNC(3) and PtN(2)C(2) rings, respectively, indicate the existence of π-π inter-actions, which link the mol-ecules into stacks along the a axis. The crystal structure is further stabilized by weak C-H⋯π inter-actions.

We read with great interest the article by Su et al. [1] published in May 2012. This retrospective study reported some interesting observations and discussions on vitamin D intake and incidence of proliferative benign breast disease from a large population. However, we feel that it might be necessary to discuss some concerns on the methods and conclusions out of interpretation in this study. Recently, some interesting articles about the associations between the vitamin D and breast diseases have been published in this journal [2–8]. However, vitamin D intake does not represent the extent of vitamin D deficiency, which is mostly defined by the serum vitamin D level (25(OH) D.\20–30 ng/mL) [2, 3, 6, 9]. Because vitamin D deficiency is related to dietary, sun exposure, and/or metabolic factors: 20 % vitamin D is obtained from food (fish, eggs, animal livers, dairy products), while 80 % from skin synthesis as a product of skin 7-dehydrocholesterol transformations, induced by ultraviolet radiation [10]. In their study, it might be unreliable to use vitamin D intake to determine the associations between vitamin D status and incidence of proliferative benign breast disease. We believe that the sun exposure should be taken into consideration as covariate, and also the true serum vitamin D levels should be included for sample grouping as previous studies conducted [2, 3, 11, 12]. If these analyses could not be conducted, these confounding factors should be welldiscussed in this article. Another point is that whether lifestyles of the subjects were changed after high school. If the lifestyles were changed significantly, researchers may consider its influence when drawing the final conclusions. We believe that information on these issues mentioned above would, with no doubt, help readers understand the findings of this article more clearly.

The soluble small molecule organic semiconductor, 6,13 bis(tri-isopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene, is inkjet printed on thermally grown silicon dioxide via an orthodichlorobenzene solvent. This paper studies the effect of surface treatment on the size and geometry of sessile drops, as well as the film growth and crystallization behavior on the substrate. The mechanism of morphology control of inkjet-printed arrayed isolating dots or thin film involves the interaction at the interface between the solute molecules and solid substrate. The size and geometry of microscale isolating dots depend on the substrate’s surface uniformity, while the thin film morphology is less affected by this uniformity. Crystallization of the semiconductor requires a relatively high solute concentration at the contact line and is usually accompanied by solute diffusion driven under a concentration gradient. The polar contribution of the surface energy enhances pinning interaction between the substrate and solute molecules and favors the formation of a continuous film.

In the title coordination polymer, [CuI(C14H18N4S2)]n, the CuI center is trigonally coordinated by two pyrimidine N-atom donors from two distinct dithio­ether ligands and one iodide anion. The Cu and I atoms are located on a twofold axis, whereas the midpoint of the central C—C bond of the dithio­ether ligand is located on an inversion center. Each organic ligand, acting in a bidentate mode, bridges two CuI ions, resulting in the formation of polymeric zigzag chains. The dihedral angle between the two pyrimidine units bonded to the metal center is 88.01 (2)°. The crystal packing is mainly stabilized by van der Waals forces and π–π stacking inter­actions, with an inter­planar distance between the pyrimidine rings of adjacent chains of 3.638 (3) A.