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With drilling and seismic data of Transtensional (strike-slip) Fault System in the Ziyang area of the central Sichuan Basin, SW China plane-section integrated structural interpretation, 3-D fault framework model building, fault throw analyzing, and balanced profile restoration, it is pointed out that the transtensional fault system in the Ziyang 3-D seismic survey consists of the northeast-trending FI19 and FI20 fault zones dominated by extensional deformation, as well as 3 sets of northwest-trending en echelon normal faults experienced dextral shear deformation. Among them, the FI19 and FI20 fault zones cut through the Neoproterozoic to Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation, presenting a 3-D structure of an “S”-shaped ribbon. And before Permian and during the Early Triassic, the FI19 and FI20 fault zones underwent at least two periods of structural superimposition. Besides, the 3 sets of northwest-trending en echelon normal faults are composed of small normal faults arranged in pairs, with opposite dip directions and partially left-stepped arrangement. And before Permian, they had formed almost, restricting the eastward growth and propagation of the FI19 fault zone. The FI19 and FI20 fault zones communicate multiple sets of source rocks and reservoirs from deep to shallow, and the timing of fault activity matches well with oil and gas generation peaks. If there were favorable Cambrian–Triassic sedimentary facies and reservoirs developing on the local anticlinal belts of both sides of the FI19 and FI20 fault zones, the major reservoirs in this area are expected to achieve breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration.

The Tongnan secondary negative structure in central Sichuan Basin has controls and influences on the structural framework and petroleum geological conditions in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area. To clarify the controls and influences, the deformation characteristics, structural attributes and evolution process of the Tongnan negative structure were investigated through a series of qualitative and quantitative methods such as balanced profile restoration, area-depth-strain (ADS) analysis, and structural geometric forward numerical simulation, after comprehensive structural interpretation of high-precision 3D seismic data. The results are obtained in three aspects. First, above and below the P/AnP (Permian/pre-Permian) unconformity, the Tongnan negative structure demonstrates vertical differential structural deformation. It experiences two stages of structural stacking and reworking: extensional depression (from the Sinian Dengying Formation to the Permian), and compressional syncline deformation (after the Jurassic). The multi-phase trishear deformation of the preexisting deep normal faults dominated the extensional depression. The primary depression episodes occurred in the periods from the end of Late Proterozoic to the deposition of the 1st–2nd members of the Dengying Formation, and from the deposition of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation–Middle–Upper Cambrian until the Ordovician. Second, the multi-stage evolution process of the Tongnan negative structure controlled the oil and gas migration and adjustment and present-day differential gas and water distribution between the Tongnan negative structure and the Gaoshiti and Moxi-Longnüsi structural highs. Third, the Ordovician, which is limitedly distributed in the Tongnan negative structure and is truncated by the P/AnP unconformity on the top, has basic geological conditions for the formation of weathering karst carbonate reservoirs. It is a new petroleum target deserving attention.

Thermo-responsive hydrogels can dynamically modulate incident light, providing a broad prospect for development of smart windows, which are of pivotal importance for energy conservation in buildings. However, these hydrogels normally exhibit slow response speed and tend to contract over extended phase transition, compromising structural integrity of smart windows. In this study, a solid–liquid switchable thermochromic hydrogel, denoted as SL-PNIPAm, was synthesized by cross-linking PNIPAm with AMEO through dynamic imine bonds. Due to its distinctive solid–liquid transformation characteristics, SL-PNIPAm demonstrates rapid response time (within 5 s) and retains structural integrity without undergoing shrinkage during heating/cooling and freezing/thawing cycles. SL-PNIPAm can also be encapsulated within 2 glass panels to prepare smart windows, which showed extraordinary luminous transmittance (Tlum = 96.8%) and solar modulation ability (ΔTsolar = 89.7%) and effectively reduced the indoor temperature (22 °C) in a simulated indoor experiment. Energy consumption simulation investigations are performed in diverse cities. The results reveal that SLW is capable of achieving a remarkable 54% reduction of HVAC energy consumption, leading to substantial decrease in CO2 emissions by up to 40 kg m−2 annually. This work develops a new hydrogel system with outstanding durability for smart windows and will promote the development and renovation of thermochromic smart windows.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different factors (temperature, pH and ionic strength) on the stability of Pickering emulsion gel stabilized by starch-lipid complexes (SFAC) and uncover the underlying mechanism. The results of observation using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that SFAC particles could be adsorbed onto the oil-water interface, forming a tight barrier to wrap the dispersed oil droplets, leading to the formation of round emulsion droplets. The close packing of the emulsion droplets resulted in the formation of a stable gel network structure. Optical microscopic observation and analysis of particle size distribution and zeta potential showed that the hydrophobic starch emulsion gel maintained its structure and exhibited good storage stability at pH 3–9 and 0.1–0.9 mol/L ionic strength. In addition, the Pickering emulsion gel was thermally reversible; the particle size increased, the viscosity decreased and the gel melted at high temperatures, and the melted sample gelled again upon cooling. These results showed that hydrophobic starch Pickering emulsion gels are highly stable over a wide range of temperature, pH and ionic strength, and are suitable for the stabilization of different vegetable oils.

AI-based educational models are gradually receiving widespread attention and application with the rapid development of information technology. In the course of digital circuits, by combining modern technology with educational theories, constructing an intelligent learning environment can provide students with more efficient and personalized learning experiences. This article explores the significance and challenges of building an intelligent learning environment in the digital circuits course. It combines the characteristics of intelligent education that differentiate it from traditional education and constructs methods and strategies for creating a “four attributes, one value” intelligent learning environment from the perspectives of diversity, adaptability, autonomy, contribution, and optimized instructional assessment.

针对导弹装备, 尤其是新研装备或历史经验数据欠缺的装备, 在设计阶段保障方案规划不合理的问题, 提出了一种多扰动下面向设计的导弹装备保障系统仿真方法。构建了分层分块的混合递阶仿真框架, 抽象出装备保障过程中的装备类、保障类、管理类、环境类智能体, 并根据保障流程确定了这4类智能体的交互机制及信息传递链路。分析了影响装备保障决策的2类扰动, 建立了装备故障扰动和人员失误扰动模型, 采用双时钟机制实现仿真过程中的扰动注入, 并根据装备维修保障流程及智能体状态跃迁过程建立了保障系统的恢复行为模型。选取了某型导弹装备开展实例仿真, 将保障资源仿真结果与装备初始设计方案和装备实际需求情况进行对比, 验证了仿真系统的正确性, 为在设计阶段制定合理科学的装备保障方案提供了新思路。

A high-sensitivity electrochemical sensor was fabricated via in situ growth of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the surface of a polypyrrole@poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PPy@PEDOT:PSS) film for detecting sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate (SHF) molecules in milk and rice flour samples. The sensor fabrication process involved randomly decorating Ag seed points on the porous PPy@PEDOT:PSS film via a chemical reduction process using a AgNO3 solution. Next, AgNPs were anchored on the PPy@PEDOT:PSS film surface using an electrochemical deposition method to prepare a sensor electrode. Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibits a good linear relation within a range of 1–130 ng/mL for real milk and rice flour samples and its limit-of-detection values were up to 0.58 and 0.29 ng/mL, respectively. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the byproducts of the chemical reaction, such as formaldehyde. This AgNP/PPy@PEDOT:PSS film–based electrochemical sensor offers a simple and rapid method for detecting SHF molecules in food products.

Using student and teacher open-ended questionnaires, and interviews with teachers and school principals and administrators, this study examined the bilingual learning difficulties faced by the Tibetan minority students in Qinghai Province, China, the challenges in meeting their needs, and the suggestions for coping with these challenges. The participants included 200 Tibetan minority students, 20 classroom teachers, and 10 school principals and administrators randomly selected from eight secondary schools located in eight different counties, where there are the most Tibetan minority students in Qinghai Province. The results showed that they experienced considerable difficulties in both spoken and written Chinese, which had prevented them from understanding the lectures, answering questions, interacting with peers in the classroom, and communicating with friends and classmates outside of classroom. The challenges in meeting their bilingual learning needs include: (a) a language choice dilemma for parents, (b) insufficient training of bilingual education teachers, (c) lack of bilingual education resources; (d) short of qualified teachers; (e) lack of parent-school communication; and (f) insufficient training of principals and administrators. Suggestions for coping with these challenges and educational implications are discussed.

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Despite numerous studies on the subject, the pathologies for AD are still unclear and there is still no ideal biomarker for diagnosis. The present study aimed to investigate clinical significance of human complement factor H (CFH) in patients with late-onset AD. Methods: The present prospective study included 187 late-onset AD patients who went to our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. One hundred patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 80 healthy individuals who were age and gender matched to AD patients were enrolled as controls. Demographic data such as age, gender, and education duration were recorded. Blood samples were collected and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), CFH, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score was measured for all patients. Results: No significant difference was found in age, gender, and education duration for all participants. The MMSE scores showed AD patients had lower MMES scores than the other two groups. All factors of CFH, CRP, and BDNF were dramatically decreased in AD patients compared with the MCI and the ealthy control. Levels of CFH were found to be positively correlated with levels of CRP; however, no significant correlation was found between CFH and BDNF, nor CFH and MMSE. Conclusion: CFH was decreased in late-onset AD patients, and serum levels of CFH was correlated with serum levels of CRP, but not MMSE and BDNF. These results may provide more clinical evidences for the role of CFH in AD patients.

Background: Previous studies have shown conflicting results about the benefits of pretreatment with intravenous thrombolysis before endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusions (LVOs). This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of EVT alone vs. bridging therapy (BT) in patients with AIS with LVOs.Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis of all available studies comparing clinical outcomes between BT and EVT alone was conducted by searching the National Center for Biotechnology Information/National Library of Medicine PubMed and Web of Science databases for relevant literature from database inception to October 20, 2020.Results: A total of 93 studies enrolling 45,190 patients were included in the present analysis. In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, BT was associated with a higher likelihood of 90-day good outcome (crude odds ratio [cOR] 1.361, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.234–1.502 and adjusted OR [aOR] 1.369, 95% CI 1.217–1.540) and successful reperfusion (cOR 1.271, 95% CI 1.149–1.406 and aOR 1.267, 95% CI 1.095–1.465) and lower odds of 90-day mortality (cOR 0.619, 95% CI 0.560–0.684 and aOR 0.718, 95% CI 0.594–0.868) than EVT alone. The two groups did not differ in the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (cOR 1.062, 95% CI 0.915–1.232 and aOR 1.20, 95% CI 0.95–1.47), 24-h early recovery (cOR 1.306, 95% CI 0.906–1.881 and aOR 1.46, 95% CI 0.46–2.19), and number of thrombectomy device passes ≤ 2 (aOR 1.466, 95% CI 0.983–2.185) after sensitivity analyses and adjustment for publication bias.Conclusions: BT provides more benefits than EVT alone in terms of clinical functional outcomes without compromising safety in AIS patients with LVOs.

Two typical cross-section of welds, including nail shape and near X shape, are obtained in the process of fiber laser welding 2024-T4 Al alloy with filler wire. The correlations of the two weld appearances and other elements (such as microstructure, microhardness, and joint's tensile properties) were analyzed. The results show that the weld with near X shape cross-section during the welding process is more stable than that with nail shape cross-section, and the welding spatter of the former is smaller than that of the latter. The microstructure of the weld zone is columnar grains and equiaxed grains, the columnar grains are formed near the fusion line and growing along the vertical direction of the fusion line, the equiaxed grains are distributed in the center of the weld zone. The secondary dendrite of the grains in the center of the weld with nail shape cross-section grows better, and gradually forms to equiaxed dendrite, while the grains size of the weld with near X shape cross-section is relatively finer, exhibiting equiaxed cellular grain. Compared with the joint with nail shape cross-section of the weld, the joint with near X shape cross-section of the weld have some different characteristics, the precipitation strengthening phase θ(Al2Cu) content in weld zone of the latter is more than that of the former, the average microhardness value of the weld zone of the latter is higher than that of the former, the softening phenomenon of heat affect zone (HAZ) of the latter is weaker than that of the former, and the joint's tensile strength and plasticity of the latter are lower than that of the former slightly.

Deformation of metals has attracted great interest for a long time. However, the constitutive models for viscoplastic deformation at high strain rates are still under intensive development, and more physical mechanisms are expected to be involved. In this work, we employ the newly-proposed methodology of mesoscience to identify the mechanisms governing the mesoscale complexity of collective dislocations, and then apply them to improving constitutive models. Through analyzing the competing effects of various processes on the mesoscale behavior, we have recognized two competing mechanisms governing the mesoscale complex behavior of dislocations, i.e., maximization of the rate of plastic work, and minimization of the elastic energy. Relevant understandings have also been discussed. Extremal expressions have been proposed for these two mesoscale mechanisms, respectively, and a stability condition for mesoscale structures has been established through a recently-proposed mathematical technique, considering the compromise between the two competing mechanisms. Such a stability condition, as an additional constraint, has been employed subsequently to close a two-phase model mimicking the practical dislocation cells, and thus to take into account the heterogeneous distributions of dislocations. This scheme has been exemplified in three increasingly complicated constitutive models, and improves the agreements of their results with experimental ones.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of exercise training on heart function of mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four healthy C57 mice were randomly divided into three groups high-fat exercise group (n = 8), high-fat control group (n = 8), and low-fat control group (n = 8). High-fat groups were fed with a high-fat diet for 16 weeks, and the high-fat exercise group was subjected to aerobic treadmill exercise and resistance exercise for 8 weeks. After 24 weeks, the cardiac structure and function of the three groups were detected, and the indexes of the mouse heart were analyzed and compared. Results: The high-fat control group maintained hyperglycemia. The results of echocardiography showed that left ventricular eject fraction in the high-fat exercise group and the low-fat control group was significantly higher than that of the high-fat control group (68.99% ± 2.04% vs. 60.41% ± 2.31%, 66.16% ± 2.12% vs. 60.41% ± 2.31%, P < 0.01). In the diastolic function of the heart, blood flow peak velocities of the early peak at the mitral valve in the high-fat exercise group and the low-fat control group were significantly higher than that in the high-fat control group (709.73 ± 45.48 mm/s vs. 441.51 ± 44.83 mm/s, 632.92 ± 27.22 mm/s vs. 441.51 ± 44.83 mm/s, P < 0.01), the peak velocities of the atrial peak at the mitral valve were significantly lower than that of the high-fat control group (443.77 ± 18.09 mm/s vs. 523.67 ± 57.87 mm/s, 460.36 ± 18.24 mm/s vs. 523.67 ± 57.87 mm/s, P < 0.05), and the ratio of E/A was significantly higher than that of the high-fat control group (1.63 ± 0.06 vs. 0.85 ± 0.045, 1.38 ± 0.072 vs. 0.85 ± 0.045, P < 0.01). Myocardial performance index decreased (0.86 ± 0.095 vs. 0.97 ± 0.091, 0.88 ± 0.073 vs. 0.97 ± 0.091, P > 0.05), but there was no significant difference. Conclusion: The above data indicated that 8 weeks of exercise training can improve the heart function of mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy, especially diastolic heart function. Left ventricular systolic function had some trend to improve, but there is no statistical difference. Exercise intervention may promote the rehabilitation of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

In view of problems of false alarming and triboelectrification existed in existing coal conveying belt system with coal piling sensor to detect state of coal piling of belt, a non-contact detection method of coal piling of belt based on vision measurement was proposed. The method uses monocular vision technology in visual inspection to construct small hole imaging model, and can measure coal piling of belt. The experimental results show that the method has advantages of high real-time property and good detection effect with detection accuracy of about 95%, which complies with design requirements.

Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) have great potential for biomedical applications, due to their distinctive optical, chemical, and catalytic properties. In this study, we aimed to develop green-synthesized SNPs from extracts of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) roots (CTR), stems (CTS), leaves (CTL), and fruit (CTF) and to evaluate their physicochemical, photocatalytic, and biological properties. CTR, CTS, CTL, and CTF extracts were evaluated and compared for their total phenol and flavonoid content, reducing capacity, and antioxidant activity. The results revealed that CTR, CTS, CTL, and CTF extracts have high phenol and flavonoid content, as well as a powerful antioxidant and reducing capacity. CTR and CTS extracts showed the strongest effects. The results from UV-Vis spectra analysis, dynamic light scattering, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed the successful formation of CT-SNPs with surface morphology, crystallinity, reduction capacity, capsulation, and stabilization. Synthesized CT-SNPs successfully photocatalyzed methylene blue, methyl orange, rhodamine B, and Reactive Black 5 within 20 min. The CTR- and CTS-SNPs showed better antibacterial properties against different pathogenic microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enteritidis) than the CTL- and CTF-SNPs. CTS- and CTR-SNPs showed the most effective cytotoxicity and antiapoptosis properties in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 and SK-Hep-1). CT-SNPs also seemed to be more biologically active than the CT extracts. The results of this study provide evidence of the establishment of CT extract SNPs and their physicochemical, photocatalytic, and biological properties.

NOSH-NBP, a novel nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing hybrid, protects brain from ischemic stroke. This study mainly aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of NOSH-NBP on ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanisms. In vivo, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was performed in C57BL/6 mice, with NO-NBP and H2S-NBP as controls. NO and H2S scavengers, carboxy-PTIO and BSS, respectively, were used to quench NO and H2S of NOSH-NBP. In vitro, BV2 microglia/BMDM were induced to the M1/2 phenotype, and conditioned medium (CM) experiments in BV2 microglia, neurons and b.End3 cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) were performed. Microglial/macrophage activation/polarization was assessed by flow cytometry, Western blot, RT-qPCR, and ELISA. Neuronal and EC survival was measured by TUNEL, flow cytometry, MTT and LDH assays. Transmission electron microscopy, EB extravasation, brain water content, TEER measurement and Western blot were used to detect blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and function. Interestingly, NOSH-NBP significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume and ameliorated neurological deficit, with superior effects compared with NO-NBP and/or H2S-NBP in mice after tMCAO. Both NO and H2S-releasing groups contributed to protection by NOSH-NBP. Additionally, NOSH-NBP decreased neuronal death and attenuated BBB dysfunction in tMCAO-treated mice. Furthermore, NOSH-NBP promoted microglia/macrophage switch from an inflammatory M1 phenotype to the protective M2 phenotype in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome were involved in the inhibitory effects of NOSH-NBP on M1 polarization, while peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma signaling contributed to NOSH-NBP induced M2 polarization. These findings indicated that NOSH-NBP is a potential therapeutic agent that preferentially promotes microglial/macrophage M1–M2 switch in ischemic stroke.