1. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
- Author
-
Klionsky, DJ, Abdel-Aziz, AK, Abdelfatah, S, Abdellatif, M, Abdoli, A, Abel, S, Abeliovich, H, Abildgaard, MH, Abudu, YP, Acevedo-Arozena, A, Adamopoulos, IE, Adeli, K, Adolph, TE, Adornetto, A, Aflaki, E, Agam, G, Agarwal, A, Aggarwal, BB, Agnello, M, Agostinis, P, Agrewala, JN, Agrotis, A, Aguilar, PV, Ahmad, ST, Ahmed, ZM, Ahumada-Castro, U, Aits, S, Aizawa, S, Akkoc, Y, Akoumianaki, T, Akpinar, HA, Al-Abd, AM, Al-Akra, L, Al-Gharaibeh, A, Alaoui-Jamali, MA, Alberti, S, Alcocer-Gomez, E, Alessandri, C, Ali, M, Al-Bari, MAA, Aliwaini, S, Alizadeh, J, Almacellas, E, Almasan, A, Alonso, A, Alonso, GD, Altan-Bonnet, N, Altieri, DC, Alves, S, da Costa, CA, Alzaharna, MM, Amadio, M, Amantini, C, Amaral, C, Ambrosio, S, Amer, AO, Ammanathan, V, An, ZY, Andersen, SU, Andrabi, SA, Andrade-Silva, M, Andres, AM, Angelini, S, Ann, D, Anozie, UC, Ansari, MY, Antas, P, Antebi, A, Anton, Z, Anwar, T, Apetoh, L, Apostolova, N, Araki, T, Araki, Y, Arasaki, K, Araujo, WL, Araya, J, Arden, C, Arevalo, MA, Arguelles, S, Arias, E, Arikkath, J, Arimoto, H, Ariosa, AR, Armstrong-James, D, Arnaune-Pelloquin, L, Aroca, A, Arroyo, DS, Arsov, I, Artero, R, Asaro, DML, Aschner, M, Ashrafizadeh, M, Ashur-Fabian, O, Atanasov, AG, Au, AK, Auberger, P, Auner, HW, Aurelian, L, Autelli, R, Avagliano, L, Avalos, Y, Aveic, S, Aveleira, CA, AvinWittenberg, T, Aydin, Y, Ayton, S, Ayyadevara, S, Azzopardi, M, Baba, M, Backer, JM, Backues, SK, Bae, DH, Bae, ON, Bae, SH, Baehrecke, EH, Baek, A, Baek, SH, Bagetta, G, Bagniewska-Zadworna, A, Bai, H, Bai, J, Bai, XY, Bai, YD, Bairagi, N, Baksi, S, Balbi, T, Baldari, CT, Balduini, W, Ballabio, A, Ballester, M, Balazadeh, S, Balzan, R, Bandopadhyay, R, Banerjee, S, Bao, Y, Baptista, MS, Baracca, A, Barbati, C, Bargiela, A, Barila, D, Barlow, PG, Barmada, SJ, Barreiro, E, Barreto, GE, Bartek, J, Bartel, B, Bartolome, A, Barve, GR, Basagoudanavar, SH, Bassham, DC, Jr, RCB, Basu, A, Batoko, H, Batten, I, Baulieu, EE, Baumgarner, BL, Bayry, J, Beale, R, Beau, I, Beaumatin, F, Bechara, LRG, Beck, GR, Beers, MF, Begun, J, Behrends, C, Behrens, GMN, Bei, R, Bejarano, E, Bel, S, Behl, C, Belaid, A, Belgareh-Touze, N, Bellarosa, C, Belleudi, F, Perez, MB, Bello-Morales, R, Beltran, JSD, Beltran, S, Benbrook, DM, Bendorius, M, Benitez, BA, Benito-Cuesta, I, Bensalem, J, Berchtold, MW, Berezowska, S, Bergamaschi, D, Bergami, M, Bergmann, A, Berliocchi, L, Berlioz-Torrent, C, Bernard, A, Berthoux, L, Besirli, CG, Besteiro, S, Betin, VM, Beyaert, R, Bezbradica, JS, Bhaskar, K, Bhatia-Kissova, I, Bhattacharya, R, Bhattacharya, S, Bhattacharyya, S, Bhuiyan, MS, Bhutia, SK, Bi, LR, Bi, XL, Biden, TJ, Bijian, K, Billes, VA, Binart, N, Bincoletto, C, Birgisdottir, AB, Bjorkoy, G, Blanco, G, Blas-Garcia, A, Blasiak, J, Blomgran, R, Blomgren, K, Blum, JS, Boada-Romero, E, Boban, M, BoeszeBattaglia, K, Boeuf, P, Boland, B, Bomont, P, Bonaldo, P, Bonam, SR, Bonfili, L, Bonifacino, JS, Boone, BA, Bootman, MD, Bordi, M, Borner, C, Bornhauser, BC, Borthakur, G, Bosch, J, Bose, S, Botana, LM, Botas, J, Boulanger, CM, Boulton, ME, Bourdenx, M, Bourgeois, B, Bourke, NM, Bousquet, G, Boya, P, Bozhkov, PV, Bozi, LHM, Bozkurt, TO, Brackney, DE, Brandts, CH, Braun, RJ, Braus, GH, Bravo-Sagua, R, Bravo-San Pedro, JM, Brest, P, Bringer, MA, Briones-Herrera, A, Broaddus, VC, Brodersen, P, Alvarez, EMC, Brodsky, JL, Brody, SL, Bronson, PG, Bronstein, JM, Brown, CN, Brown, RE, Brum, PC, Brumell, JH, Brunetti-Pierri, N, Bruno, D, Bryson-Richardson, RJ, Bucci, C, Buchrieser, C, Bueno, M, Buitrago-Molina, LE, Buraschi, S, Buch, S, Buchan, JR, Buckingham, EM, Budak, H, Budini, M, Bultynck, G, Burada, F, Burgoyne, JR, Buron, MI, Bustos, V, Buttner, S, Butturini, E, Byrd, A, Cabas, I, Cabrera-Benitez, S, Cadwell, K, Cai, JJ, Cai, L, Cai, Q, Cairo, M, Calbet, JA, Caldwell, GA, Caldwell, KA, Call, JA, Calvani, R, Calvo, AC, Barrera, MCR, Camara, NO, Camonis, JH, Camougrand, N, Campanella, M, Campbell, EM, Campbell-Valois, FX, Campello, S, Campesi, I, Campos, JC, Camuzard, O, Cancino, J, de Almeida, DC, Canesi, L, Caniggia, I, Canonico, B, Canti, C, Cao, B, Caraglia, M, Carames, B, Carchman, EH, Cardenal-Munoz, E, Cardenas, C, Cardenas, L, Cardoso, SM, Carew, JS, Carle, GF, Carleton, G, Carloni, S, Carmona-Gutierrez, D, Carneiro, LA, Carnevali, O, Carosi, JM, Carra, S, Carrier, A, Carrier, L, Carroll, B, Carter, AB, Carvalho, AN, Casanova, M, Casas, C, Casas, J, Cassioli, C, Castillo, EF, Castillo, K, Castillo-Lluva, S, Castoldi, F, Castori, M, Castro, AF, Castro-Caldas, M, Castro-Hernandez, J, Castro-Obregon, S, Catz, SD, Cavadas, C, Cavaliere, F, Cavallini, G, Cavinato, M, Cayuela, ML, Rica, PC, Cecarini, V, Cecconi, F, Cechowska-Pasko, M, Cenci, S, Ceperuelo-Mallafre, V, Cerqueira, JJ, Cerutti, JM, Cervia, D, Cetintas, VB, Cetrullo, S, Chae, HJ, Chagin, AS, Chai, CY, Chakrabarti, G, Chakrabarti, O, Chakraborty, T, Chami, M, Chamilos, G, Chan, DW, Chan, EYW, Chan, ED, Chan, HYE, Chan, HH, Chan, H, Chan, MTV, Chan, YS, Chandra, PK, Chang, CP, Chang, CM, Chang, HC, Chang, K, Chao, J, Chapman, T, Charlet-Berguerand, N, Chatterjee, S, Chaube, SK, Chaudhary, A, Chauhan, S, Chaum, E, Checler, F, Cheetham, ME, Chen, CS, Chen, GC, Chen, JF, Chen, LL, Chen, L, Chen, ML, Chen, MK, Chen, N, Chen, Q, Chen, RH, Chen, S, Chen, W, Chen, WQ, Chen, XM, Chen, XW, Chen, X, Chen, Y, Chen, YG, Chen, YY, Chen, YQ, Chen, YJ, Chen, ZS, Chen, Z, Chen, ZH, Chen, ZJ, Chen, ZX, Cheng, HH, Cheng, J, Cheng, SY, Cheng, W, Cheng, XD, Cheng, XT, Cheng, YY, Cheng, ZY, Cheong, H, Cheong, JK, Chernyak, BV, Cherry, S, Cheung, CFR, Cheung, CHA, Cheung, KH, Chevet, E, Chi, RJ, Chiang, AKS, Chiaradonna, F, Chiarelli, R, Chiariello, M, Chica, N, Chiocca, S, Chiong, M, Chiou, SH, Chiramel, AI, Chiurchiu, V, Cho, DH, Choe, SK, Choi, AMK, Choi, ME, Choudhury, KR, Chow, NS, Chu, CT, Chua, JP, Chua, JJE, Chung, H, Chung, KP, Chung, S, Chung, SH, Chung, YL, Cianfanelli, V, Ciechomska, IA, Cifuentes, M, Cinque, L, Cirak, S, Cirone, M, Clague, MJ, Clarke, R, Clementi, E, Coccia, EM, Codogno, P, Cohen, E, Cohen, MM, Colasanti, T, Colasuonno, F, Colbert, RA, Colell, A, Coll, NS, Collins, MO, Colombo, MI, Colon-Ramos, DA, Combaret, L, Comincini, S, Cominetti, MR, Consiglio, A, Conte, A, Conti, F, Contu, VR, Cookson, MR, Coombs, KM, Coppens, I, Corasaniti, MT, Corkery, DP, Cordes, N, Cortese, K, Costa, MD, Costantino, S, Costelli, P, Coto-Montes, A, Crack, PJ, Crespo, JL, Criollo, A, Crippa, V, Cristofani, R, Csizmadia, T, Cuadrado, A, Cui, B, Cui, J, Cui, YX, Cui, Y, Culetto, E, Cumino, AC, Cybulsky, AV, Czaja, MJ, Czuczwar, SJ, D'Adamo, S, D'Amelio, M, D'Arcangelo, D, D'Lugos, AC, D'Orazi, G, da Silva, JA, Dafsari, HS, Dagda, RK, Dagdas, Y, Daglia, M, Dai, X, Dai, Y, Dai, YY, Dal Col, J, Dalhaimer, P, Dalla Valle, L, Dallenga, T, Dalmasso, G, Damme, M, Dando, I, Dantuma, NP, Darling, AL, Das, H, Dasarathy, S, Dasari, SK, Dash, S, Daumke, O, Dauphinee, AN, Davies, JS, Davila, VA, Davis, RJ, Davis, T, Naidu, SD, De Amicis, F, De Bosscher, K, De Felice, F, De Franceschi, L, De Leonibus, C, Barbosa, MGD, De Meyer, GRY, De Milito, A, De Nunzio, C, De Palma, C, De Santi, M, De Virgilio, C, De Zio, D, Debnath, J, DeBosch, BJ, Decuypere, J, Deehan, MA, Deflorian, G, DeGregori, J, Dehay, B, Del Rio, G, Delaney, JR, Delbridge, LMD, Delorme-Axford, E, Delpino, MV, Demarchi, F, Dembitz, V, Demers, ND, Deng, HB, Deng, ZQ, Dengjel, J, Dent, P, Denton, D, DePamphilis, ML, Der, CJ, Deretic, V, Descoteaux, A, Devis, L, Devkota, S, Devuyst, O, Dewson, G, Dharmasivam, M, Dhiman, R, di Bernardo, D, Di Cristina, M, Di Domenico, F, Di Fazio, P, Di Fonzo, A, Di Guardo, G, Di Guglielmo, GM, Di Leo, L, Di Malta, C, Di Nardo, A, Di Rienzo, M, Di Sano, F, Diallinas, G, Diao, JJ, Diaz-Araya, G, Diaz-Laviada, I, Dickinson, JM, Diederich, M, Dieude, M, Dikic, I, Ding, SP, Ding, WX, Dini, L, Dinic, M, Dinkova-Kostova, AT, Dionne, MS, Distler, JHW, Diwan, A, Dixon, IMC, Djavaheri-Mergny, M, Dobrinski, I, Dobrovinskaya, O, Dobrowolski, R, Dobson, RCJ, Emre, SD, Donadelli, M, Dong, B, Dong, XN, Dong, ZW, Ii, GWD, Dotsch, V, Dou, H, Dou, J, Dowaidar, M, Dridi, S, Drucker, L, Du, AL, Du, CG, Du, GW, Du, HN, Du, LL, du Toit, A, Duan, SB, Duan, XQ, Duarte, SP, Dubrovska, A, Dunlop, EA, Dupont, N, Duran, RV, Dwarakanath, BS, Dyshlovoy, SA, Ebrahimi-Fakhari, D, Eckhart, L, Edelstein, CL, Efferth, T, Eftekharpour, E, Eichinger, L, Eid, N, Eisenberg, T, Eissa, NT, Eissa, S, Ejarque, M, El Andaloussi, A, El-Hage, N, El-Naggar, S, Eleuteri, AM, El-Shafey, ES, Elgendy, M, Eliopoulos, AG, Elizalde, MM, Elks, PM, Elsasser, HP, Elsherbiny, ES, Emerling, BM, Emre, NCT, Eng, CH, Engedal, N, Engelbrecht, AM, Engelsen, AST, Enserink, JM, Escalante, R, Esclatine, A, Escobar-Henriques, M, Eskelinen, EL, Espert, L, Eusebio, MO, Fabrias, G, Fabrizi, C, Facchiano, A, Facchiano, F, Fadeel, B, Fader, C, Faesen, AC, Fairlie, WD, Falco, A, Falkenburger, BH, Fan, DP, Fan, J, Fan, YB, Fang, EF, Fang, YS, Fang, YQ, Fanto, M, Farfel-Becker, T, Faure, M, Fazeli, G, Fedele, AO, Feldman, AM, Feng, D, Feng, JC, Feng, LF, Feng, YB, Feng, YC, Feng, W, Araujo, TF, Ferguson, TA, Fernandez-Checa, JC, FernandezVeledo, S, Fernie, AR, Ferrante, AW, Ferraresi, A, Ferrari, MF, Ferreira, JCB, Ferro-Novick, S, Figueras, A, Filadi, R, Filigheddu, N, FilippiChiela, E, Filomeni, G, Fimia, GM, Fineschi, V, Finetti, F, Finkbeiner, S, Fisher, EA, Fisher, PB, Flamigni, F, Fliesler, SJ, Flo, TH, Florance, I, Florey, O, Florio, T, Fodor, E, Follo, C, Fon, EA, Forlino, A, Fornai, F, Fortini, P, Fracassi, A, Fraldi, A, Franco, B, Franco, R, Franconi, F, Frankel, LB, Friedman, SL, Frohlich, LF, Fruhbeck, G, Fuentes, JM, Fujiki, Y, Fujita, N, Fujiwara, Y, Fukuda, M, Fulda, S, Furic, L, Furuya, N, Fusco, C, Gack, MU, Gaffke, L, Galadari, S, Galasso, A, Galindo, MF, Kankanamalage, SG, Galluzzi, L, Galy, V, Gammoh, N, Gan, BY, Ganley, IG, Gao, F, Gao, H, Gao, MH, Gao, P, Gao, SJ, Gao, WT, Gao, XB, Garcera, A, Garcia, MN, Garcia, VE, Garcia-Del Portillo, F, Garcia-Escudero, V, GarciaGarcia, A, Garcia-Macia, M, Garcia-Moreno, D, Garcia-Ruiz, C, Garcia-Sanz, P, Garg, AD, Gargini, R, Garofalo, T, Garry, RF, Gassen, NC, Gatica, D, Ge, L, Ge, WZ, Geiss-Friedlander, R, Gelfi, C, Genschik, P, Gentle, IE, Gerbino, V, Gerhardt, C, Germain, K, Germain, M, Gewirtz, DA, Afshar, EG, Ghavami, S, Ghigo, A, Ghosh, M, Giamas, G, Giampietri, C, Giatromanolaki, A, Gibson, GE, Gibson, SB, Ginet, V, Giniger, E, Giorgi, C, Girao, H, Girardin, SE, Giridharan, M, Giuliano, S, Giulivi, C, Giuriato, S, Giustiniani, J, Gluschko, A, Goder, V, Goginashvili, A, Golab, J, Goldstone, DC, Golebiewska, A, Gomes, LR, Gomez, R, Gomez-Sanchez, R, Gomez-Puerto, MC, Gomez-Sintes, R, Gong, Q, Goni, FM, Gonzalez-Gallego, J, Gonzalez-Hernandez, T, Gonzalez-Polo, RA, Gonzalez-Reyes, JA, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, P, Goping, IS, Gorbatyuk, MS, Gorbunov, NV, Gorojod, RM, Gorski, SM, Goruppi, S, Gotor, C, Gottlieb, RA, Gozes, I, Gozuacik, D, Graef, M, Graler, MH, Granatiero, V, Grasso, D, Gray, JP, Green, DR, Greenhough, A, Gregory, SL, Griffin, EF, Grinstaff, MW, Gros, F, Grose, C, Gross, AS, Gruber, F, Grumati, P, Grune, T, Gu, XY, Guan, JL, Guardia, CM, Guda, K, Guerra, F, Guerri, C, Guha, P, Guillen, C, Gujar, S, Gukovskaya, A, Gukovsky, I, Gunst, J, Gunther, A, Guntur, AR, Guo, CY, Guo, C, Guo, HQ, Guo, LW, Guo, M, Gupta, P, Fernandez, AF, Gupta, SK, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, V, Gustafsson, AB, Gutterman, DD, Ranjitha, HB, Haapasalo, A, Haber, JE, Hadano, S, Hafren, AJ, Haidar, M, Hall, BS, Hallden, G, Hamacher-Brady, A, Hamann, A, Hamasaki, M, Han, WD, Hansen, M, Hanson, PI, Hao, ZJ, Harada, M, Harhaji-Trajkovic, L, Hariharan, N, Haroon, N, Harris, J, Hasegawa, T, Nagoor, NH, Haspel, JA, Haucke, V, Hawkins, WD, Hay, BA, Haynes, CM, Hayrabedyan, SB, Hays, TS, He, CC, He, Q, He, RR, He, YW, He, YY, Heakal, Y, Heberle, AM, Hejtmancik, JF, Helgason, GV, Henkel, V, Herb, M, Hergovich, A, Herman-Antosiewicz, A, Hernandez, A, Hernandez, C, Hernandez-Diaz, S, Hernandez-Gea, V, Herpin, A, Herreros, J, Hervas, JH, Hesselson, D, Hetz, C, Heussler, VT, Higuchi, Y, Hilfiker, S, Hill, JA, Hlavacek, WS, Ho, EA, Ho, IHT, Ho, PWL, Ho, S, Ho, WY, Hobbs, GA, Hochstrasser, M, Hoet, PHM, Hofius, D, Hofman, P, Hohn, A, Holmberg, CI, Hombrebueno, JR, Hong, CW, Hong, YR, Hooper, LV, Hoppe, T, Horos, R, Hoshida, Y, Hsin, IL, Hsu, HY, Hu, B, Hu, D, Hu, LF, Hu, MC, Hu, RG, Hu, W, Hu, YC, Hu, ZW, Hua, F, Hua, JL, Hua, YQ, Huan, CM, Huang, CH, Huang, CS, Huang, CX, Huang, CL, Huang, HS, Huang, K, Huang, MLH, Huang, R, Huang, S, Huang, TZ, Huang, X, Huang, YJ, Huber, TB, Hubert, V, Hubner, CA, Hughes, SM, Hughes, WE, Humbert, M, Hummer, G, Hurley, JH, Hussain, S, Hussey, PJ, Hutabarat, M, Hwang, HY, Hwang, S, Ieni, A, Ikeda, F, Imagawa, Y, Imai, Y, Imbriano, C, Imoto, M, Inman, DM, Inoki, K, Iovanna, J, Iozzo, RV, Ippolito, G, Irazoqui, JE, Iribarren, P, Ishaq, M, Ishikawa, M, Ishimwe, N, Isidoro, C, Ismail, N, Issazadeh-Navikas, S, Itakura, E, Ito, D, Ivankovic, D, Ivanova, S, Iyer, AKV, Izquierdo, JM, Izumi, M, Jaattela, M, Jabir, MS, Jackson, WT, Jacobo-Herrera, N, Jacomin, AC, Jacquin, E, Jadiya, P, Jaeschke, H, Jagannath, C, Jakobi, AJ, Jakobsson, J, Janji, B, JansenDurr, P, Jansson, PJ, Jantsch, J, Januszewski, S, Jassey, A, Jean, S, JeltschDavid, H, Jendelova, P, Jenny, A, Jensen, TE, Jessen, N, Jewell, JL, Ji, J, Jia, LJ, Jia, R, Jiang, LW, Jiang, Q, Jiang, RC, Jiang, T, Jiang, XJ, Jiang, Y, Jimenez-Sanchez, M, Jin, EJ, Jin, FY, Jin, HC, Jin, L, Jin, LQ, Jin, MY, Jin, S, Jo, EK, Joffre, C, Johansen, T, Johnson, GVW, Johnston, SA, Jokitalo, E, Jolly, MK, Joosten, LAB, Jordan, J, Joseph, B, Ju, DW, Ju, JS, Ju, JF, Juarez, E, Judith, D, Juhasz, G, Jun, Y, Jung, CH, Jung, S, Jung, YK, Jungbluth, H, Jungverdorben, J, Just, S, Kaarniranta, K, Kaasik, A, Kabuta, T, Kaganovich, D, Kahana, A, Kain, R, Kajimura, S, Kalamvoki, M, Kalia, M, Kalinowski, DS, Kaludercic, N, Kalvari, I, Kaminska, J, Kaminskyy, VO, Kanamori, H, Kanasaki, K, Kang, C, Kang, R, Kang, SS, Kaniyappan, S, Kanki, T, Kanneganti, TD, Kanthasamy, AG, Kanthasamy, A, Kantorow, M, Kapuy, O, Karamouzis, MV, Karim, MR, Karmakar, P, Katare, RG, Kato, M, Kaufmann, SHE, Kauppinen, A, Kaushal, GP, Kaushik, S, Kawasaki, K, Kazan, K, Ke, PY, Keating, DJ, Keber, U, Kehrl, JH, Keller, KE, Keller, CW, Kemper, JK, Kenific, CM, Kepp, O, Kermorgant, S, Kern, A, Ketteler, R, Keulers, TG, Khalfin, B, Khalil, H, Khambu, B, Khan, SY, Khandelwal, VKM, Khandia, R, Kho, W, Khobrekar, NV, Khuansuwan, S, Khundadze, M, Killackey, SA, Kim, D, Kim, DR, Kim, DH, Kim, DE, Kim, EY, Kim, EK, Kim, H, Kim, HS, Kim, HR, Kim, JH, Kim, JK, Kim, J, Kim, KI, Kim, PK, Kim, SJ, Kimball, SR, Kimchi, A, Kimmelman, AC, Kimura, T, King, MA, Kinghorn, KJ, Kinsey, CG, Kirkin, V, Kirshenbaum, LA, Kiselev, SL, Kishi, S, Kitamoto, K, Kitaoka, Y, Kitazato, K, Kitsis, RN, Kittler, JT, Kjaerulff, O, Klein, PS, Klopstock, T, Klucken, J, Knovelsrud, H, Knorr, RL, Ko, BB, Ko, F, Ko, JL, Kobayashi, H, Kobayashi, S, Koch, I, Koch, JC, Koenig, U, Kogel, D, Koh, YH, Koike, M, Kohlwein, SD, Kocaturk, NM, Komatsu, M, Konig, J, Kono, T, Kopp, BT, Korcsmaros, T, Korkmaz, G, Korolchuk, VI, Korsnes, MS, Koskela, A, Kota, J, Kotake, Y, Kotler, ML, Kou, YJ, Koukourakis, MI, Koustas, E, Kovacs, AL, Kovacs, T, Koya, D, Kozako, T, Kraft, C, Krainc, D, Kramer, H, Krasnodembskaya, AD, Kretz-Remy, C, Kroemer, G, Ktistakis, NT, Kuchitsu, K, Kuenen, S, Kuerschner, L, Kukar, T, Kumar, A, Kumar, D, Kumar, S, Kume, S, Kumsta, C, Kundu, CN, Kundu, M, Kunnumakkara, AB, Kurgan, L, Kutateladze, TG, Kutlu, O, Kwak, S, Kwon, HJ, Kwon, TK, Kwon, YT, Kyrmizi, I, La Spada, A, Labonte, P, Ladoire, S, Laface, I, Lafont, F, Lagace, DC, Lahiri, V, Lai, ZB, Laird, AS, Lakkaraju, A, Lamark, T, Lan, SH, Landajuela, A, Lane, DJR, Lane, JD, Lang, CH, Lange, C, Langer, R, Lapaquette, P, Laporte, J, LaRusso, NF, Lastres-Becker, I, Lau, WCY, Laurie, GW, Lavandero, S, Law, BYK, Law, HKW, Layfield, R, Le, WD, Le Stunff, H, Leary, AY, Lebrun, JJ, Leck, LYW, Leduc-Gaudet, JP, Lee, C, Lee, CP, Lee, DH, Lee, EB, Lee, EF, Lee, GM, Lee, HJ, Lee, HK, Lee, JM, Lee, JS, Lee, JA, Lee, JY, Lee, JH, Lee, M, Lee, MG, Lee, MJ, Lee, MS, Lee, SY, Lee, SJ, Lee, SB, Lee, WH, Lee, YR, Lee, YH, Lee, Y, Lefebvre, C, Legouis, R, Lei, YL, Lei, YC, Leikin, S, Leitinger, G, Lemus, L, Leng, SL, Lenoir, O, Lenz, G, Lenz, HJ, Lenzi, P, Leon, Y, Leopoldino, AM, Leschczyk, C, Leskela, S, Letellier, E, Leung, CT, Leung, PS, Leventhal, JS, Levine, B, Lewis, PA, Ley, K, Li, B, Li, DQ, Li, JM, Li, J, Li, K, Li, LW, Li, M, Li, MC, Li, PL, Li, MQ, Li, Q, Li, S, Li, TG, Li, W, Li, WM, Li, X, Li, YP, Li, Y, Li, ZQ, Li, ZY, Lian, JQ, Liang, CY, Liang, QR, Liang, WC, Liang, YH, Liang, YT, Liao, GH, Liao, LJ, Liao, MZ, Liao, YF, Librizzi, M, Lie, PPY, Lilly, MA, Lim, HJ, Lima, TRR, Limana, F, Lin, C, Lin, CW, Lin, DS, Lin, FC, Lin, JDD, Lin, KM, Lin, KH, Lin, LT, Lin, PH, Lin, Q, Lin, SF, Lin, SJ, Lin, WY, Lin, XY, Lin, YX, Lin, YS, Linden, R, Lindner, P, Ling, SC, Lingor, P, Linnemann, AK, Liou, Y, Lipinski, MM, Lipovsek, S, Lira, VA, Lisiak, N, Liton, PB, Liu, C, Liu, CH, Liu, CF, Liu, F, Liu, H, Liu, HS, Liu, HF, Liu, J, Liu, JL, Liu, LY, Liu, LH, Liu, ML, Liu, Q, Liu, W, Liu, WD, Liu, XH, Liu, XD, Liu, XG, Liu, X, Liu, YF, Liu, Y, Liu, YY, Liu, YL, Livingston, JA, Lizard, G, Lizcano, JM, Ljubojevic-Holzer, S, LLeonart, ME, Llobet-Navas, D, Llorente, A, Lo, CH, Lobato-Marquez, D, Long, Q, Long, YC, Loos, B, Loos, JA, Lopez, MG, Lopez-Domenech, G, Lopez-Guerrero, JA, Lopez-Jimenez, AT, Lopez-Valero, I, Lorenowicz, MJ, Lorente, M, Lorincz, P, Lossi, L, Lotersztajn, S, Lovat, PE, Lovell, JF, Lovy, A, Lu, G, Lu, HC, Lu, JH, Lu, JJ, Lu, MJ, Lu, SY, Luciani, A, Lucocq, JM, Ludovico, P, Luftig, MA, Luhr, M, Luis-Ravelo, D, Lum, JJ, Luna-Dulcey, L, Lund, AH, Lund, VK, Lunemann, JD, Luningschror, P, Luo, HL, Luo, RC, Luo, SQ, Luo, Z, Luparello, C, Luscher, B, Luu, L, Lyakhovich, A, Lyamzaev, KG, Lystad, AH, Lytvynchuk, L, Ma, AC, Ma, CL, Ma, MX, Ma, NF, Ma, QH, Ma, XL, Ma, YY, Ma, ZY, MacDougald, OA, Macian, F, MacIntosh, GC, MacKeigan, JP, Macleod, KF, Maday, S, Madeo, F, Madesh, M, Madl, T, Madrigal-Matute, J, Maeda, A, Maejima, Y, Magarinos, M, Mahavadi, P, Maiani, E, Maiese, K, Maiti, P, Maiuri, MC, Majello, B, Major, MB, Makareeva, E, Malik, F, Mallilankaraman, K, Malorni, W, Maloyan, A, Mammadova, N, Man, GCW, Manai, F, Mancias, JD, Mandelkow, EM, Mandell, MA, Manfredi, AA, Manjili, MH, Manjithaya, R, Manque, P, Manshian, BB, Manzano, R, Manzoni, C, Mao, K, Marchese, C, Marchetti, S, Marconi, AM, Marcucci, F, Mardente, S, Mareninova, OA, Margeta, M, Mari, M, Marinelli, S, Marinelli, O, Marino, G, Mariotto, S, Marshall, RS, Marten, MR, Martens, S, Martin, APJ, Martin, KR, Martin, S, Martin-Segura, A, Martin-Acebes, MA, Martin-Burriel, I, Martin-Rincon, M, Martin-Sanz, P, Martina, JA, Martinet, W, Martinez, A, Martinez, J, Velazquez, MM, Martinez-Lopez, N, Martinez-Vicente, M, Martins, DO, Lange, U, Lopez-Perez, O, Martins, JO, Martins, WK, Martins-Marques, T, Marzetti, E, Masaldan, S, Masclaux-Daubresse, C, Mashek, DG, Massa, V, Massieu, L, Masson, GR, Masuelli, L, Masyuk, AI, Masyuk, TV, Matarrese, P, Matheu, A, Matoba, S, Matsuzaki, S, Mattar, P, Matte, A, Mattoscio, D, Mauriz, JL, Mauthe, M, Mauvezin, C, Maverakis, E, Maycotte, P, Mayer, J, Mazzoccoli, G, Mazzoni, C, Mazzulli, JR, McCarty, N, McDonald, C, McGill, MR, McKenna, SL, McLaughlin, B, McLoughlin, F, McNiven, MA, McWilliams, TG, Mechta-Grigoriou, F, Medeiros, TC, Medina, DL, Megeney, LA, Megyeri, K, Mehrpour, M, Mehta, JL, Meijer, AJ, Meijer, AH, Mejlvang, J, Melendez, A, Melk, A, Memisoglu, G, Mendes, AF, Meng, D, Meng, F, Meng, T, Menna-Barreto, R, Menon, MB, Mercer, C, Mercier, AE, Mergny, JL, Merighi, A, Merkley, SD, Merla, G, Meske, V, Mestre, AC, Metur, SP, Meyer, C, Meyer, H, Mi, WY, Mialet-Perez, J, Miao, JY, Micale, L, Miki, Y, Milan, E, Miller, DL, Miller, SI, Miller, S, Millward, SW, Milosevic, I, Minina, EA, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, HR, Mirzaei, M, Mishra, A, Mishra, N, Mishra, PK, Marjanovic, MM, Misasi, R, Misra, A, Misso, G, Mitchell, C, Mitou, G, Miura, T, Miyamoto, S, Miyazaki, M, Miyazaki, T, Miyazawa, K, Mizushima, N, Mogensen, TH, Mograbi, B, Mohammadinejad, R, Mohamud, Y, Mohanty, A, Mohapatra, S, Mohlmann, T, Mohmmed, A, Moles, A, Moley, KH, Molinari, M, Mollace, V, Muller, AB, Mollereau, B, Mollinedo, F, Montagna, C, Monteiro, MJ, Montella, A, Montes, LR, Montico, B, Mony, VK, Compagnoni, GM, Moore, MN, Moosavi, MA, Mora, AL, Mora, M, Morales-Alamo, D, Moratalla, R, Moreira, PI, Morelli, E, Moreno, S, Moreno-Blas, D, Moresi, V, Morga, B, Morgan, AH, Morin, F, Morishita, H, Moritz, OL, Moriyama, M, Moriyasu, Y, Morleo, M, Morselli, E, Moruno-Manchon, JF, Moscat, J, Mostowy, S, Motori, E, Moura, AF, Moustaid-Moussa, N, Mrakovcic, M, MucinoHernandez, G, Mukherjee, A, Mukhopadhyay, S, Levy, JMM, Mulero, V, Muller, S, Munch, C, Munjal, A, Munoz-Canoves, P, Munoz-Galdeano, T, Munz, C, Murakawa, T, Muratori, C, Murphy, BM, Murphy, JP, Murthy, A, Myohanen, TT, Mysorekar, IU, Mytych, J, Nabavi, SM, Nabissi, M, Nagy, P, Nah, J, Nahimana, A, Nakagawa, I, Nakamura, K, Nakatogawa, H, Nandi, SS, Nanjundan, M, Nanni, M, Napolitano, G, Nardacci, R, Narita, M, Nassif, M, Nathan, I, Natsumeda, M, Naude, RJ, Naumann, C, Naveiras, O, Navid, F, Nawrocki, ST, Nazarko, TY, Nazio, F, Negoita, F, Neill, T, Neisch, AL, Neri, LM, Netea, MG, Neubert, P, Neufeld, TP, Neumann, D, Neutzner, A, Newton, PT, Ney, PA, Nezis, IP, Ng, CCW, Ng, TB, Nguyen, HTT, Nguyen, LT, Ni, HM, Cheallaigh, CN, Ni, Z, Nicolao, MC, Nicoli, F, Nieto-Diaz, M, Nilsson, P, Ning, S, Niranjan, R, Nishimune, H, Niso-Santano, M, Nixon, RA, Nobili, A, Nobrega, C, Noda, T, Nogueira-Recalde, U, Nolan, TM, Nombela, I, Novak, I, Novoa, B, Nozawa, T, Nukina, N, Nussbaum-Krammer, C, Nylandsted, J, O'Donovan, TR, O'Leary, SM, O'Rourke, EJ, O'Sullivan, MP, O'Sullivan, TE, Oddo, S, Oehme, I, Ogawa, M, Ogier-Denis, E, Ogmundsdottir, MH, Ogretmen, B, Oh, GT, Oh, SH, Oh, YJ, Ohama, T, Ohashi, Y, Ohmuraya, M, Oikonomou, V, Ojha, R, Okamoto, K, Okazawa, H, Oku, M, Olivan, S, Oliveira, JMA, Ollmann, M, Olzmann, JA, Omari, S, Omary, MB, Onal, G, Ondrej, M, Ong, SB, Ong, SG, Onnis, A, Orellana, JA, Orellana-Munoz, S, Ortega-Villaizan, MD, Ortiz-Gonzalez, XR, Ortona, E, Osiewacz, HD, Osman, AHK, Osta, R, Otegui, MS, Otsu, K, Ott, C, Ottobrini, L, Ou, JHJ, Outeiro, TF, Oynebraten, I, Ozturk, M, Pages, G, Pahari, S, Pajares, M, Pajvani, UB, Pal, R, Paladino, S, Pallet, N, Palmieri, M, Palmisano, G, Palumbo, C, Pampaloni, F, Pan, LF, Pan, QJ, Pan, WL, Pan, X, Panasyuk, G, Pandey, R, Pandey, UB, Pandya, V, Paneni, F, Pang, SY, Panzarini, E, Papademetrio, DL, Papaleo, E, Papinski, D, Papp, D, Park, EC, Park, HT, Park, JM, Park, J, Park, JT, Park, SC, Park, SY, Parola, AH, Parys, JB, Pasquier, A, Pasquier, B, Passos, JF, Pastore, N, Patel, HH, Patschan, D, Pattingre, S, Pedraza-Alva, G, Pedraza-Chaverri, J, Pedrozo, Z, Pei, G, Pei, JM, Peled-Zehavi, H, Pellegrini, JM, Pelletier, J, Penalva, MA, Peng, D, Peng, Y, Penna, F, Pennuto, M, Pentimalli, F, Pereira, CM, Pereira, GJS, Pereira, LC, de Almeida, LP, Perera, ND, PerezOliva, AB, Perez-Perez, ME, Periyasamy, P, Perl, A, Perrotta, C, Perrotta, I, Pestell, RG, Petersen, M, Petrache, I, Petrovski, G, Pfirrmann, T, Pfister, AS, Philips, JA, Pi, HF, Picca, A, Pickrell, AM, Picot, S, Pierantoni, GM, Pierdominici, M, Pierre, P, Pierrefite-Carle, V, Pierzynowska, K, Pietrocola, F, Pietruczuk, M, Pignata, C, PimentelMuinos, FX, Pinar, M, Pinheiro, RO, Pinkas-Kramarski, R, Pinton, P, Pircs, K, Piya, S, Pizzo, P, Plantinga, TS, Platta, HW, Plaza-Zabala, A, Plomann, M, Plotnikov, EY, Plun-Favreau, H, Pluta, R, Pocock, R, Poggeler, S, Pohl, C, Poirot, M, Poletti, A, Ponpuak, M, Popelka, H, Popova, B, Porta, H, Alcon, SP, Portilla-Fernandez, E, Post, M, Potts, MB, Poulton, J, Powers, T, Prahlad, V, Prajsnar, TK, Pratico, D, Prencipe, R, Priault, M, ProikasCezanne, T, Promponas, VJ, Proud, CG, Puertollano, R, Puglielli, L, Pulinilkunnil, T, Puri, D, Puri, R, Puyal, J, Qi, XP, Qi, YM, Qian, WB, Qiang, L, Qiu, Y, Quadrilatero, J, Quarleri, J, Raben, N, Rabinowich, H, Ragona, D, Ragusa, MJ, Rahimi, N, Rahmati, M, Raia, V, Raimundo, N, Rajasekaran, NS, Rao, SR, Rami, A, Ramirez-Pardo, I, Ramsden, DB, Randow, F, Rangarajan, PN, Ranieri, D, Rao, H, Rao, L, Rao, R, Rathore, S, Ratnayaka, JA, Ratovitski, EA, Ravanan, P, Ravegnini, G, Ray, SK, Razani, B, Rebecca, V, Reggiori, F, Regnier-Vigouroux, A, Reichert, AS, Reigada, D, Reiling, JH, Rein, T, Reipert, S, Rekha, RS, Ren, HM, Ren, J, Ren, WC, Renault, T, Renga, G, Reue, K, Rewitz, K, Ramos, BRD, Riazuddin, SA, Ribeiro-Rodrigues, TM, Ricci, JE, Ricci, R, Riccio, V, Richardson, D, Rikihisa, Y, Risbud, MV, Risueno, RM, Ritis, K, Rizza, S, Rizzuto, R, Roberts, HC, Roberts, LD, Robinson, KJ, Roccheri, MC, Rocchi, S, Rodney, GG, Rodrigues, T, Silva, VRR, Rodriguez, A, Rodriguez-Barrueco, R, Rodriguez-Henche, N, Rodriguez-Rocha, H, Roelofs, J, Rogers, RS, Rogov, VV, Rojo, AI, Rolka, K, Romanello, V, Romani, L, Romano, A, Romano, PS, Romeo-Guitart, D, Romero, LC, Romero, M, Roney, JC, Rongo, C, Roperto, S, Rosenfeldt, MT, Rosenstiel, P, Rosenwald, AG, Roth, KA, Roth, L, Roth, S, Rouschop, KMA, Roussel, BD, Roux, S, Rovere-Querini, P, Roy, A, Rozieres, A, Ruano, D, Rubinsztein, DC, Rubtsova, MP, Ruckdeschel, K, Ruckenstuhl, C, Rudolf, E, Rudolf, R, Ruggieri, A, Ruparelia, AA, Rusmini, P, Russell, RR, Russo, GL, Russo, M, Russo, R, Ryabaya, OO, Ryan, KM, Ryu, KY, Sabater-Arcis, M, Sachdev, U, Sacher, M, Sachse, C, Sadhu, A, Sadoshima, J, Safren, N, Saftig, P, Sagona, AP, Sahay, G, Sahebkar, A, Sahin, M, Sahin, O, Sahni, S, Saito, N, Saito, S, Saito, T, Sakai, R, Sakai, Y, Sakamaki, JI, Saksela, K, Salazar, G, Salazar-Degracia, A, Salekdeh, GH, Saluja, AK, Sampaio-Marques, B, Sanchez, MC, Sanchez-Alcazar, JA, Sanchez-Vera, V, Sancho-Shimizu, V, Sanderson, JT, Sandri, M, Santaguida, S, Santambrogio, L, Santana, MM, Santoni, G, Sanz, A, Sanz, P, Saran, S, Sardiello, M, Sargeant, TJ, Sarin, A, Sarkar, C, Sarkar, S, Sarrias, MR, Sarmah, DT, Sarparanta, J, Sathyanarayan, A, Sathyanarayanan, R, Scaglione, KM, Scatozza, F, Schaefer, L, Schafer, ZT, Schaible, UE, Schapira, AHV, Scharl, M, Schatzl, HM, Schein, CH, Scheper, W, Scheuring, D, Schiaffino, MV, Schiappacassi, M, Schindl, R, Schlattner, U, Schmidt, O, Schmitt, R, Schmidt, SD, Schmitz, I, Schmukler, E, Schneider, A, Schneider, BE, Schober, R, Schoijet, AC, Schott, MB, Schramm, M, Schroder, B, Schuh, K, Schuller, C, Schulze, RJ, Schurmanns, L, Schwamborn, JC, Schwarten, M, Scialo, F, Sciarretta, S, Scott, MJ, Scotto, KW, Scovassi, AI, Scrima, A, Scrivo, A, Sebastian, D, Sebti, S, Sedej, S, Segatori, L, Segev, N, Seglen, PO, Seiliez, I, Seki, E, Selleck, SB, Sellke, FW, Perez-Lara, A, Selsby, JT, Sendtner, M, Senturk, S, Seranova, E, Sergi, C, Serra-Moreno, R, Sesaki, H, Settembre, C, Setty, SRG, Sgarbi, G, Sha, O, Shacka, JJ, Shah, JA, Shang, DT, Shao, CS, Shao, F, Sharbati, S, Sharkey, LM, Sharma, D, Sharma, G, Sharma, K, Sharma, P, Sharma, S, Shen, HM, Shen, HT, Shen, JG, Shen, M, Shen, WL, Shen, ZN, Sheng, R, Sheng, Z, Sheng, ZH, Shi, JJ, Shi, XB, Shi, YH, Shiba-Fukushima, K, Shieh, J, Shimada, Y, Shimizu, S, Shimozawa, M, Shintani, T, Shoemaker, CJ, Shojaei, S, Shoji, I, Shravage, BV, Shridhar, V, Shu, CW, Shu, HB, Shui, K, Shukla, AK, Shutt, TE, Sica, V, Siddiqui, A, Sierra, A, Sierra-Torre, V, Signorelli, S, Sil, P, Silva, BJD, Silva, JD, Silva-Pavez, E, Silvente-Poirot, S, Simmonds, RE, Simon, AK, Simon, HU, Simons, M, Singh, A, Singh, LP, Singh, R, Singh, SV, Singh, SK, Singh, SB, Singh, S, Singh, SP, Sinha, D, Sinha, RA, Sinha, S, Sirko, A, Sirohi, K, Sivridis, EL, Skendros, P, Skirycz, A, Slaninova, I, Smaili, SS, Smertenko, A, Smith, MD, Soenen, SJ, Sohn, EJ, Sok, SPM, Solaini, G, Soldati, T, Soleimanpour, SA, Soler, RM, Solovchenko, A, Somarelli, JA, Sonawane, A, Song, FY, Song, HK, Song, JX, Song, KH, Song, ZY, Soria, LR, Sorice, M, Soukas, AA, Soukup, SF, Sousa, D, Sousa, N, Spagnuolo, PA, Spector, SA, Bharath, MMS, St Clair, D, Stagni, V, Staiano, L, Stalnecker, CA, Stankov, MV, Stathopulos, PB, Stefan, K, Stefan, SM, Stefanis, L, Steffan, JS, Steinkasserer, A, Stenmark, H, Sterneckert, J, Stevens, C, Stoka, V, Storch, S, Stork, B, Strappazzon, F, Strohecker, AM, Stupack, DG, Su, HX, Su, LY, Su, LX, SuarezFontes, AM, Subauste, CS, Subbian, S, Subirada, PV, Sudhandiran, G, Sue, CM, Sui, XB, Summers, C, Sun, GC, Sun, J, Sun, K, Sun, MX, Sun, QM, Sun, Y, Sun, ZJ, Sunahara, KKS, Sundberg, E, Susztak, K, Sutovsky, P, Suzuki, H, Sweeney, G, Symons, JD, Sze, SCW, Szewczyk, NJ, Tabolacci, C, Tacke, F, Taegtmeyer, H, Tafani, M, Tagaya, M, Tai, HR, Tait, SWG, Takahashi, Y, Takats, S, Talwar, P, Tam, C, Tam, SY, Tampellini, D, Tamura, A, Tan, CT, Tan, EK, Tan, YQ, Tanaka, M, Tang, D, Tang, JF, Tang, TS, Tanida, I, Tao, ZP, Taouis, M, Tatenhorst, L, Tavernarakis, N, Taylor, A, Taylor, GA, Taylor, JM, Tchetina, E, Tee, AR, Tegeder, I, Teis, D, Teixeira, N, Teixeira-Clerc, F, Tekirdag, KA, Tencomnao, T, Tenreiro, S, Tepikin, AV, Testillano, PS, Tettamanti, G, Tharaux, P, Thedieck, K, Thekkinghat, AA, Thellung, S, Thinwa, JW, Thirumalaikumar, VP, Thomas, SM, Thomes, PG, Thorburn, A, Thukral, L, Thum, T, Thumm, M, Tian, L, Tichy, A, Till, A, Timmerman, V, Titorenko, VI, Todi, SV, Todorova, K, Toivonen, JM, Tomaipitinca, L, Tomar, D, Tomas-Zapico, C, Tong, BCK, Tong, C, Tong, X, Tooze, SA, Torgersen, ML, Torii, S, Torres-Lopez, L, Torriglia, A, Towers, CG, Towns, R, Toyokuni, S, Trajkovic, V, Tramontano, D, Tran, Q, Travassos, LH, Trelford, CB, Tremel, S, Trougakos, IP, Tsao, BP, Tschan, MP, Tse, HF, Tse, TF, Tsugawa, H, Tsvetkov, AS, Tumbarello, DA, Tumtas, Y, Tunon, MJ, Turcotte, S, Turk, B, Turk, V, Turner, BJ, Tuxworth, RI, Tyler, JK, Tyutereva, EV, Uchiyama, Y, UgunKlusek, A, Uhlig, HH, Ulasov, IV, Umekawa, M, Ungermann, C, Unno, R, Urbe, S, Uribe-Carretero, E, Ustun, S, Uversky, VN, Vaccari, T, Vaccaro, MI, Vahsen, BF, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H, Valdor, R, Valente, MJ, Valko, A, Vallee, RB, Valverde, AM, Van den Berghe, G, van Der Veen, S, Van Kaer, L, van Loosdregt, J, van Wijk, SJL, Vandenberghe, W, Vanhorebeek, I, Vannier-Santos, MA, Vannini, N, Vanrell, MC, Vantaggiato, C, Varano, G, Varela-Nieto, I, Varga, M, Vasconcelos, MH, Vats, S, Vavvas, DG, VegaNaredo, I, Vega-Rubin-de-Celis, S, Velasco, G, Velazquez, AP, Vellai, T, Vellenga, E, Velotti, F, Verdier, M, Verginis, P, Vergne, I, Verkade, P, Verma, M, Verstreken, P, Vervliet, T, Vervoorts, J, Vessoni, AT, Victor, VM, Vidal, M, Vidoni, C, Vieira, OV, Vierstra, RD, Vigano, S, Vihinen, H, Vijayan, V, Vila, M, Vilar, M, Villalba, JM, Villalobo, A, Villarejo-Zori, B, Villarroya, F, Villarroya, J, Vincent, O, Vindis, C, Viret, C, Viscomi, MT, Visnjic, D, Vitale, I, Vocadlo, DJ, Voitsekhovskaja, OV, Volonte, C, Volta, M, Vomero, M, Von Haefen, C, Vooijs, MA, Voos, W, Vucicevic, L, Wade-Martins, R, Waguri, S, Waite, KA, Wakatsuki, S, Walker, DW, Walker, MJ, Walker, SA, Walter, J, Wandosell, FG, Wang, B, Wang, CY, Wang, C, Wang, CR, Wang, CW, Wang, D, Wang, FY, Wang, F, Wang, FM, Wang, GS, Wang, H, Wang, HX, Wang, HG, Wang, JR, Wang, JG, Wang, J, Wang, JD, Wang, K, Wang, LR, Wang, LM, Wang, MH, Wang, MQ, Wang, NB, Wang, PW, Wang, PP, Wang, P, Wang, QJ, Wang, Q, Wang, QK, Wang, QA, Wang, WT, Wang, WY, Wang, XN, Wang, XJ, Wang, Y, Wang, YC, Wang, YZ, Wang, YY, Wang, YH, Wang, YP, Wang, YQ, Wang, Z, Wang, ZY, Wang, ZG, Warnes, G, Warnsmann, V, Watada, H, Watanabe, E, Watchon, M, Weaver, TE, Wegrzyn, G, Wehman, AM, Wei, HF, Wei, L, Wei, TT, Wei, YJ, Weiergraber, OH, Weihl, CC, Weindl, G, Weiskirchen, R, Wells, A, Wen, RXH, Wen, X, Werner, A, Weykopf, B, Wheatley, SP, Whitton, JL, Whitworth, AJ, Wiktorska, K, Wildenberg, ME, Wileman, T, Wilkinson, S, Willbold, D, Williams, B, Williams, RSB, Williams, RL, Williamson, PR, Wilson, RA, Winner, B, Winsor, NJ, Witkin, SS, Wodrich, H, Woehlbier, U, Wollert, T, Wong, E, Wong, JH, Wong, RW, Wong, VKW, Wong, WWL, Wu, AG, Wu, CB, Wu, J, Wu, JF, Wu, KK, Wu, M, Wu, SY, Wu, SZ, Wu, SF, Wu, WKK, Wu, XH, Wu, XQ, Wu, YW, Wu, YH, Xavier, RJ, Xia, HG, Xia, LX, Xia, ZY, Xiang, G, Xiang, J, Xiang, ML, Xiang, W, Xiao, B, Xiao, GZ, Xiao, HY, Xiao, HT, Xiao, J, Xiao, L, Xiao, S, Xiao, Y, Xie, BM, Xie, CM, Xie, M, Xie, YX, Xie, ZP, Xie, ZL, Xilouri, M, Xu, CF, Xu, E, Xu, HX, Xu, J, Xu, JR, Xu, L, Xu, WW, Xu, XL, Xue, Y, Yakhine-Diop, SMS, Yamaguchi, M, Yamaguchi, O, Yamamoto, A, Yamashina, S, Yan, SM, Yan, SJ, Yan, Z, Yanagi, Y, Yang, CB, Yang, DS, Yang, H, Yang, HT, Yang, JM, Yang, J, Yang, JY, Yang, L, Yang, M, Yang, PM, Yang, Q, Yang, S, Yang, SF, Yang, WN, Yang, WY, Yang, XY, Yang, XS, Yang, Y, Yao, HH, Yao, SG, Yao, XQ, Yao, YG, Yao, YM, Yasui, T, Yazdankhah, M, Yen, PM, Yi, C, Yin, XM, Yin, YH, Yin, ZY, Ying, MD, Ying, Z, Yip, CK, Yiu, SPT, Yoo, YH, Yoshida, K, Yoshii, SR, Yoshimori, T, Yousefi, B, Yu, BX, Yu, HY, Yu, J, Yu, L, Yu, ML, Yu, SW, Yu, VC, Yu, WH, Yu, ZP, Yu, Z, Yuan, JY, Yuan, LQ, Yuan, SL, Yuan, SSF, Yuan, YG, Yuan, ZQ, Yue, JB, Yue, ZY, Yun, J, Yung, RL, Zacks, DN, Zaffagnini, G, Zambelli, VO, Zanella, I, Zang, QS, Zanivan, S, Zappavigna, S, Zaragoza, P, Zarbalis, KS, Zarebkohan, A, Zarrouk, A, Zeitlin, SO, Zeng, JL, Zeng, JD, Zerovnik, E, Zhan, LX, Zhang, B, Zhang, DD, Zhang, HL, Zhang, H, Zhang, HH, Zhang, HF, Zhang, HY, Zhang, JB, Zhang, JH, Zhang, JP, Zhang, KLYB, Zhang, LSW, Zhang, L, Zhang, LS, Zhang, LY, Zhang, MH, Zhang, P, Zhang, S, Zhang, W, Zhang, XN, Zhang, XW, Zhang, XL, Zhang, XY, Zhang, X, Zhang, XX, Zhang, XD, Zhang, Y, Zhang, YJ, Zhang, YD, Zhang, YM, Zhang, YY, Zhang, YC, Zhang, Z, Zhang, ZG, Zhang, ZB, Zhang, ZH, Zhang, ZY, Zhang, ZL, Zhao, HB, Zhao, L, Zhao, S, Zhao, TB, Zhao, XF, Zhao, Y, Zhao, YC, Zhao, YL, Zhao, YT, Zheng, GP, Zheng, K, Zheng, L, Zheng, SZ, Zheng, XL, Zheng, Y, Zheng, ZG, Zhivotovsky, B, Zhong, Q, Zhou, A, Zhou, B, Zhou, CF, Zhou, G, Zhou, H, Zhou, HB, Zhou, J, Zhou, JY, Zhou, KL, Zhou, RJ, Zhou, XJ, Zhou, YS, Zhou, YH, Zhou, YB, Zhou, ZY, Zhou, Z, Zhu, BL, Zhu, CL, Zhu, GQ, Zhu, HN, Zhu, HX, Zhu, H, Zhu, WG, Zhu, YP, Zhu, YS, Zhuang, HX, Zhuang, XH, Zientara-Rytter, K, Zimmermann, CM, Ziviani, E, Zoladek, T, Zong, WX, Zorov, DB, Zorzano, A, Zou, WP, Zou, Z, Zou, ZZ, Zuryn, S, Zwerschke, W, Brand-Saberi, B, Dong, XC, Kenchappa, CS, Li, ZG, Lin, Y, Oshima, S, Rong, YG, Sluimer, JC, Stallings, CL, and Tong, CK
- Subjects
flux ,macroautophagy ,phagophore ,stress ,vacuole ,Autophagosome ,LC3 ,lysosome ,neurodegeneration ,cancer - Abstract
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
- Published
- 2021