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Background: Roxadustat is a new oral anti-renal anemia medication that works by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) which can activate the expression of more than 100 genes in addition to genes related to anemia. However, the more potential molecular targets of roxadustat are not completely clear. Therefore, it is essential to further reveal its molecular targets to guide its clinical applications. Methods: We performed label-free quantification and LC-MS/MS to study the proteomic alterations in serum exosome of renal anemia patients before and after roxadustat therapy. Results were validated by PRM. Results: A total of 30 proteins were significantly changed after treatment with roxadustat. Among these proteins, 18 proteins were up-regulated (and 12 were down-regulated). The results are statistically significant (P < 0.05). Then, we validated the result by PRM, the results confirmed that TFRC, HSPA8, ITGB3, COL1A2, and YWHAZ were markedly upregulated, while ITIH2 and CFH were significantly downregulated upon treatment with roxadustat. Conclusions: TFRC and HSPA8 could be an important target of the action of roxadustat, and roxadustat may increase cardiovascular risk through its influence on platelet activation. Our results provide a theoretical basis for its wider clinical application and preventing expected side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of co-doped TiO2 ceramics named (Re0.5Nb0.5)0.005Ti0.995O2 (Re = La, Nd, Sm, Gd) were prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The microstructure, dielectric properties, and impedance spectra of (Re0.5Nb0.5)0.005Ti0.995O2 ceramics were systematically investigated in detail. The co-doped TiO2 with rutile structure ceramics possessing CP and low dielectric loss (<0.05) have been gotten. Low dielectric loss is attributed to enhancing grain boundary resistance and suppressing Maxwell–Wagner polarization This work maybe give us enlightenment about how to find low dielectric loss in co-doped TiO2 CP ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretically, separating the positive and negative charge centers of the chain segments of dielectric elastomers (DEs) is a viable alternative to the conventional decoration of chain backbone with polar handles, since it can dramatically increase the dipole vector and hence the dielectric constant (ε′) of the DEs while circumvent the undesired impact of the decorated polar handles on the dielectric loss (tan δ). Herein, a novel and universal method is demonstrated to achieve effective separation of the charge centers of chain segments in homogeneous DEs by steric hindrance engineering, i.e., by incorporating a series of different included angle‐containing building blocks into the networks. Both experimental and simulation results have shown that the introduction of these building blocks can create a spatially fixed included angle between two adjacent chain segments, thus separating the charge center of the associated region. Accordingly, incorporating a minimal amount of these building blocks (≈5 mol%) can lead to a considerably sharp increase (≈50%) in the ε′ of the DEs while maintaining an extremely low tan δ (≈0.006@1 kHz), indicating that this methodology can substantially optimize the dielectric performance of DEs based on a completely different mechanism from the established methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(In0.5Nb0.5)0.005(Ti1‐xZrx)0.995O2 (INZT, x = 0‐0.10) ceramics were synthesized using a conventional sintering method, and the effects of Zr content on the microstructures, dielectric properties and electron‐pinned defect‐dipoles (EPDD) polarization of the resultant products were investigated. The solubility limit of INZT was x = 0.075, and a secondary ZrTiO4 phase appeared at x = 0.10. Ceramics with x = 0‐0.10 exhibited excellent dielectric properties, ie, colossal permittivity (CP, εʹ > 103) and low dielectric loss (tanδ < 0.1), over a wide range of frequencies (100‐106 Hz at 300 K) and temperatures (50‐350 K at 1 kHz). The dielectric spectra and XPS results confirmed that the CP property of the ceramics could be ascribed to their EPDD polarization. The activation energy (Ea) for EPDD polarization was continuously enhanced by increasing x values. EPDD relaxation parameters at different x values were revealed using Cole‐Cole equation fitting. Moreover, α, which characterize the relaxation time τ distribution, increased with x values, thus indicating that Zr was involved in and affected electron localized states. The high Ea, temperature Tp of the peak εʹʹ at 1 kHz, and dielectric relaxation time τp at 30 K were related to increases in hopping distance of electrons among defect clusters with Zr addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A series of La+Nb co-doped TiO 2 (La 0.5 Nb 0.5) x Ti 1- x O 2 (0.25% ≤ x ≤ 5%) ceramics were prepared using a solid-state reaction method. Colossal permittivity (CP) (εʹ > 104) and low dielectric loss (tanδ < 0.05) were obtained when the ceramics were sintered at 1673 K in an N 2 atmosphere and annealed at 1073–1173 K in air. A pure rutile phase was achieved when x = 0.25% and secondary phase La 2 TiO 5 was detected when x ≥ 0.5%. The optimum dielectric performance of εʹ > 104 and tan δ < 0.05 within 1 Hz–2 MHz and 25–350 K was obtained for x = 0.5%. Three types of dielectric relaxations were observed through the dielectric-temperature spectrum: electron-pinned defect-dipoles (EPDD) polarization, electron hopping, and Maxwell–Wagner polarization. The CP (> 25 K at 1 kHz) was primarily related to EPDD polarization. The high activation energy of the grain boundary (E gb = 1.98 eV) is one of the reasons for the low tanδ in this study. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • The (La 0.5 Nb 0.5) x Ti 1- x O 2 (0.25% ≤ x ≤ 5%) ceramics have been investigated. • For x = 0.5, ε r > 104 and tan δ < 0.05 within 1 Hz–2 MHz and 25–350 K. • The CP property was confirmed original from EPDD polarization. • High activation energy of the grain boundary is reason for low tanδ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Tl + Nb co-doped TiO 2 ceramics ((Tl 0.5 Nb 0.5 ) x % Ti 1- x % O 2 0.5 ≤  x  ≤ 10.0) were prepared by a solid-state reaction method under N 2 atmosphere. The evolution of their microstructures, and dielectric properties were systematically studied. The co-doped ceramics exhibited a tetragonal rutile structure wherein the Nb and Tl elements were homogeneously distributed. The cell volumes, grain size, and permittivity increased with doping x , whereas the impedance values of the grain and grain boundary decreased with an increasing x . The optimum dielectric performance ( ε r > 10 4 , tan δ  < 0.05) in the range of 10–10 6 Hz was obtained for x  = 1.5 with a corresponding grain boundary active energy of 0.86 eV. Four types of dielectric relaxation were observed at different temperature ranges: 10–30 K, 30–200 K, 200–350 K and 350–475 K; those dielectric relaxtions were respectively caused by electron-pinned defect-dipoles, electron hopping, oxygen vacancy hopping, and Maxwell–Wagner polarization. The colossal permittivity is primarily a result of the electron-pinned defect-dipole polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In, Nb, and Zr co-doped TiO 2 ((In 0.5 Nb 0.5 ) 0.005 (Ti 1-x Zr x ) 0.995 O 2 ) (x = 0–0.80) ceramics were prepared by a solid-state reaction method, and their structures, dielectric properties, and response to DC bias were studied. The solubility limit was found to be near x = 0.10, and the excess added Zr was present in the form of secondary ZrTiO 4 phase. The mean grain size increased from 20.2 to 39.5 μm in the x = 0–0.10 range and then decreased to 5.2 μm for x = 0.20. Permittivity at 1 kHz exceeded 10 4 for the samples in the x = 0–0.20 range and then decreased to 570 for x = 0.40. For x = 0.20, the ceramic sample showed ε r ≈ 10 4 and tanδ ≤ 0.05 (20 Hz–100 kHz), as well as good temperature (−150 to 125 °C) and DC bias (0–875 v/cm) stability. The breakdown electric field increased from 940 v/cm for x = 0 to 5770 v/cm for x = 0.20. The excellent dielectric properties are attributed to the coexistence of smaller grains and the presence of insulating ZrTiO 4 in the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mimicking natural structures has been highly pursued in the fabrication of synthetic polymeric materials due to its potential in breaking the bottlenecks in mechanical properties and extending the applications of polymeric materials. Recently, it has been revealed that the energy dissipating mechanisms via sacrificial bonds are among the important factors which account for strong and tough attributes of natural materials. Great progress in synthesis of polymeric materials consisting of sacrificial bonds has been achieved. The present review aims at (1) summarizing progress in the mechanics and chemistry of sacrificial bond bearing polymers, (2) describing the mechanisms of sacrificial bonds in strengthening/toughening polymers based on studies by single-molecule force spectroscopy, chromophore incorporation and constitutive laws, (3) presenting synthesis methods for sacrificial bonding including dual-crosslink, dual/multiple-network, and sacrificial interfaces, (4) discussing the important advances in engineering sacrificial bonding into hydrogels, biomimetic structures and elastomers, and (5) suggesting future works on molecular simulation, viscoelasticity, construction of sacrificial interfaces and sacrificial bonds with high dissociative temperature. It is hoped that this review will provide guidance for further development of sacrificial bonding strategies in polymeric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Pb0.87Ba0.10La0.02)(Zr0.60Sn0.40-xTix)O3(PLBZST) (x = 0–0.20) bulk ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid state method, and the dependence of phase transformation, ferroelectric properties and energy storage properties on x values has been investigated. When x = 0.12, the unit cell volume significant change indicted the phase transformation of the ceramics. As x = 0.04–0.10, the PLBZST ceramics possess anti-ferroelectric phase with high recoverable energy storage density 0.8–1.3 j/cm3and when x = 0.12–0.20, the ceramics with ferroelectric phase have lower density values about 0.2–0.3 j/cm3. The phase switching electric field, saturation polarization and test temperature have an important influence on energy storage density and efficiency. As a result, the PLBZST bulk ceramics exhibit the largest recoverable energy density of 1.3 j/cm3with efficiency of 77.4% at 20°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional elastomer nanocomposites have found numerous applications in diverse hi-tech areas. Transport phenomena, such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and gas/liquid barrier properties, have been the major focus of functional elastomer nanocomposite research. Despite essential progress in these areas, a summary and discussion of state-of-the-art strategies for regulating the transport performances of nanocomposites based on the transportation mechanisms of electrons, phonons and mass are lacking. In the present review, a brief introduction of transport mechanisms in elastomer nanocomposites precedes a systematic summary of the important progress in elastomer nanocomposites with electrical/thermal conductivities and lowered mass permeabilities, with emphasis on the latest structural control strategies for tuning transport properties. Key applications of functional elastomer nanocomposites related to transport phenomena are also introduced. Overall, this review summarizes the state of the art in the design and performance enhancement of elastomer nanocomposites based on the relationships between their structures and transport properties, governed by the components/composition, interface/dispersion and fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li2MgTiO4ceramics were prepared with Li2CO3, TiO2and MgO by high energy ball mill method. After mixtures ball-milling 30 h and calcining at 700°C, the homogenate Li2MgTiO4powders with average particle size of 160 nm were obtained. The pure phase obtained temperature was about 300°C lower than that by a conventional solid-state reaction process. Due to Li+evaporation, the Li2MgTiO4ceramics sintered at high temperature existed with some Mg2TiO4. The Li2MgTiO4ceramics at 1250°C had an excellent microwave dielectric propertiesϵr= 12.17, Q × f = 42000 GHz and an τf= −23 ppm/°C [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CdWO 4 powders were synthesized by using a high energy ball mill method, and microwave dielectric of (1−x)CdWO 4 –xTiO 2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.22) composite ceramics have been investigated. X-ray powder diffraction and SEM analysis revealed that CdWO 4 and TiO 2 coexisted as a mixture. With addition of nanometer TiO 2 , the sintered temperature of CdWO 4 ceramic was reduced from 1025 °C to 900 °C. With increase of x, the Q × f values of (1−x)CdWO 4 –xTiO 2 ceramics decreased and the ε r values increased. The τ f value depends on x as well as sintering temperatures. The ceramics of 0.79CdWO 4 –0.21TiO 2 sintered at 900 °C showed ε r = 13.7, Q × f = 15000 GHz, τ f = 0 ppm/°C and the chemical compatibility with Ag make it suitable as LTCC dielectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CdWO4compound was prepared from CdO and WO3mixtures by high energy ball milling method and its microwave dielectric properties have been investigated. After milling 30 h, pure and well-crystallized CdWO4powders with an average grain size of 230 nm were obtained at 125°C. The CdWO4ceramics sintered at 950–1100°C have monoclinic structure belong to the space group P2/c(13), and when sintered at 1025°C, the ceramics exhibited good dielectric constant (ϵr) of ∼ 12.81,Q×fof ∼27000 GHz and τfof ∼−19.3 ppm/°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An epoxidized natural rubber wassuccessfully cured with zinc diacrylate (ZDA). A nonconventional curingmechanism via oxa-Michael addition between hydroxyl and acryloyl wasrevealed. Such a cured elastomer was found to be highly resistantto heat/oxygen aging, and such an outcome is closely related to therelatively lower concentration of epoxides and the absence of sulfidesin the ZDA-cured composites. The present method provides a uniqueinsight for developing aging-resistant diene-based elastomers whichare generally heat/oxygen susceptible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methyl-imiazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIm]PF6, was coated onto halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in tetrahydrofuran-water mixture. The IL layers on the HNTs were confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, determination of contact angle, and porosity analysis. The interaction between IL and HNTs, proposed to be hydrogen bonding, was verified by various spectral results such as Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Because of their interaction, the crystallization behavior of IL in the presence of HNTs was found to be changed, as indicated by the results of differential scanning calorimetry. The IL-coated HNTs (m-HNTs) were used as reinforcement for styrene-butadiene rubber. Compared with the compounds with uncoated HNTs, the uncured compounds with m-HNTs showed faster curing, and the resulting vulcanizates showed substantially higher tensile strength and much lower hardness. The unique changes in the compounds are correlated to the changes in filler dispersion and interaction between IL and HNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A new reinforcing strategy for thermoplastics via hydrogen bonding bridged inorganics in the matrix was proposed. The hydrogen bonds could be formed in thermoplastics matrices with the incorporation of a little organics containing hydrogen bonding functionalities. Isotactic polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA 6), and high density polyethylene (HDPE), together with specific inorganics and organics were utilized to verify the effectiveness of the strategy. The investigations suggest that the hydrogen bonding bridged inorganics led to substantially increased flexural properties. The results of attenuated total refraction Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) indicate the formation of hydrogen bonding among the inorganics and organics in the composites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Optically transparent composites containing nanotubular clay up to 65 wt%, prepared by a facile “one-pot” process, exhibited high mechanical strength and heat resistance. The attractive characteristics of the composites, in addition to their transparency, include use of low-cost and nontoxic raw materials, easy scaling-up, and possible petroleum independence. The properties of the composites were ascribed to the strong interfacial interactions and the excellent dispersion of nanotubular clay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The interactions between the carbon black (CB) and the ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methyl-imiazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM+][PF6 −]), are firstly examined. The CB, mixed with the IL via simple blending, is then subjected to microwave (MW) irradiation to prepare the modified CB. The structure evolutions of the modified CB such as the microcrystalline structure and surface chemistry are revealed by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and pore analysis. After mixing but before MW irradiation, the microcrystalline arrangement of CB turns to be more ordering and microcrystalline size (La) to be a little bigger but with a limited degree. Under MW irradiation, the IL undergoes severe decomposition. The combination of localized high temperature (proposed to be higher than 425°C) and the decomposition of the IL leads to substantial structure changes of the CB. The graphitization of the CB surface, the disordering of the microcrystalline and the decrease in La are disclosed. In addition, compared with the untreated CB, the CB treated with IL-assisted MW irradiation is found to have much higher volume of the smaller mesopore. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The nucleating ability of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) towards isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). HNTs are identified to have dual nucleating ability for α-iPP and β-iPP under appropriate kinetics conditions. The formation of β-iPP is dependent on the HNTs loading in the iPP/HNTs composites. The composite with 20phr of HNTs is found to have the highest content of β-iPP. Under non-isothermal crystallization the content of β-iPP increases with decreasing of the cooling rate. The maximum β-crystal content is obtained at cooling rate of 2.5°C/min. The supermolecular structure of the β-iPP is identified as β-hedrites with flower-cup-like and axialite-like arrangements of the lamellae. Under isothermal crystallization the β-crystal can be formed in the temperature range of 115–140°C. Outside the temperature range, no β-iPP can be observed. The content of β-crystal reaches the maximum value at crystallization temperature of 135°C. The formation of the β-iPP in the composites is correlated to the unique surface characteristics of the HNTs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Sorbic acid (SA) was used to improve the performance of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanocomposites by direct blending. The detailed mechanisms for the largely improved performance were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), porosity analysis and crosslink density determination. The strong interfacial bonding between HNTs and rubber matrix is resulted through SA intermediated linkages. SA bonds SBR and HNTs through grafting copolymerization/hydrogen bonding mechanism. Significantly improved dispersion of HNTs in virtue of the interactions between HNTs and SA was achieved. Formation of zinc disorbate (ZDS) was revealed during the vulcanization of the composites. However, in the present systems, the contribution of ZDS to the reinforcement was limited. Effects of SA content on the vulcanization behavior, morphology and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. Promising mechanical properties of SA modified SBR/HNTs nanocomposites were obtained. The changes in vulcanization behavior, mechanical properties and morphology were correlated with the interactions between HNTs and SA and the largely improved dispersion of HNTs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Non-isothermal crystallization and the polymorphism of the PA6 and the polyamide 6/halloysite nanotubes (PA6/HNTs) nanocomposites are studied by adopting differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and polarized optical microscopy (POM) observations. HNTs act as nucleating agent and accelerate the crystallization. The kinetics analysis indicates that the fold-surface free energy of PA6/HNTs nanocomposites is larger than that of neat PA6. The increasing tendency of the fold-surface free energy of PA6/HNTs nanocomposites is restricted at higher HNTs loading. Interestingly, the crystallinity of the PA6/HNTs nanocomposites increases with cooling rate. HNTs content is found to have a significant effect upon the crystallinity of the PA6/HNTs nanocomposites, and the crystallinity reaches its maximum with 5phr of HNTs content. Moreover, the higher HNTs content is, the larger percentage γ-phase crystals take up. The crystallization behavior of the PA6/HNTs nanocomposites is correlated with the multiple roles of HNTs in the crystallization of PA6. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Clay-philic benzothiazole sulfide, capable of donating electrons, is grafted onto polypropylene (PP) backbones when N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide (CBS), a commonly used accelerator in the tire industry, is included in the processing of PP/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) composites. CBS decomposes at elevated temperature and yields benzothiazole sulfide radicals, which react with the PP polymeric free radicals generated during the processing of the composites. On the other hand, the benzothiazole group of CBS is reactive to HNTs via electron transferring. The compatibilization between HNTs and PP is thus realized via interfacial grafting and electron transferring mechanism. The interfacial interactions in the compatibilized systems were fully characterized. Compared with the control sample, the dispersion of HNTs and the interfacial bonding are enhanced substantially in the compatibilized composites. The significantly improved mechanical properties and thermal properties of benzothiazole sulfide compatibilized PP/HNTs composites are correlated to the enhanced interfacial property. The present work demonstrates a novel interfacial design via interfacial grafting/electron transferring for the compatibilization of PP/clay composites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Methacrylic acid (MAA) was used to improve the performance of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanocomposites by direct blending. The detailed interaction mechanisms of MAA and the in situ formed zinc methacrylate (ZDMA) were revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area and porosity analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) together with crosslink density determination. The strong interfacial bonding between HNTs and rubber matrix is resulted through ZDMA and MAA intermediated linkages. ZDMA connects SBR and HNTs via grafting/complexation mechanism. MAA bonds SBR and HNTs through grafting/hydrogen bonding mechanism. Significantly improved dispersion of HNTs in virtue of the interactions between HNTs and MAA or ZDMA was achieved. Effects of MAA content on the vulcanization behavior, morphology and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. Promising mechanical properties of MAA modified SBR/HNTs nanocomposites were obtained. The changes in vulcanization behavior, mechanical properties and morphology were correlated with the interactions between HNTs and MAA or ZDMA and the largely improved dispersion of HNTs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A co-coagulation process was utilized to prepare carboxylated butadiene–styrene rubber (xSBR)/halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposites. The interfacial interaction, morphology, and the mechanical performance of the nanocomposites were investigated. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate the formation of hydrogen bonding between xSBR and HNTs. Lower content of HNTs tends to delay the vulcanization of xSBR/HNT compounds, while higher HNT loading promotes the vulcanization. It is shown that HNTs are dispersed individually and uniformly in the matrix with strong interfacial bonding. The mechanical properties, especially the modulus and hardness, are significantly increased by the inclusion of HNTs. The significant reinforcing effects of HNTs are correlated to the co-coagulation process and strong interfacial interactions via hydrogen bonding. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Natural occurred nanotubes, halloysite nanotubes, were modified by silane and incorporated into epoxy resin to form nanocomposites. The morphology of the nanocomposites was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on the nanocomposites. Flexural property and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the nanocomposites were also determined. Comparing with the neat resin, about 40% increase in storage modulus at glassy state and 133% at rubbery state were achieved by incorporating 12 wt% modified HNTs into the epoxy matrix. In addition, the nanocomposites exhibited improved flexural strength, char yield and dimensional stability. TEM examination revealed a uniform dispersion of the nanotubes in the epoxy resin. The remarkably positive effects of the HNTs on the performance of the epoxy resin were correlated with the unique characteristics of the HNTs, the uniform dispersion and the possible interfacial reactions between the modified HNTs and the matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Naturally occurred halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with hollow nanotubular structures were used as a new type filler for poly(propylene) (PP). Nanocomposites based on PP and HNTs were prepared by melt blending. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) results suggested HNTs were dispersed in PP matrix evenly at nanoscale after facile modification. Thermal stability of the nanocomposites was found remarkably enhanced by the incorporation of HNTs. Cone calorimetric data also showed the decrease of flammability of the nanocomposites. Entrapment mechanism of the decomposition products in HNTs was proposed to explain the enhancement of thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The barriers for heat and mass transport, the presence of iron in HNTs, are all responsible for the improvement in thermal stability and decrease in flammability. Those results suggested potential promising flame retardant application of HNTs in PP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A two-step approach with a combination of emulsion polymerization and melt intercalation with higher clay loading of 33wt.% is disclosed to highly confine the polystyrene (PS) chains by montmorillonite. The product of the emulsion polymerization is an easily crushable fine powder. And the powder is readily processible by open mill to form a transparent sheet. In the melt intercalation process, further intercalation of polystyrene narrows the space among the tactoids and results a highly confined intercalated nanocomposite. The results of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the cooperative motions of PS segments were substantially depressed, indicative of the highly intercalated structure formed in the nanocomposites. A structural model is proposed to explain the highly confined mesostruture of the PS/MMT nanocomposite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Montmorillonite (MMT) was modified with the acidified cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB) and the resulting organo-montmorillonite (O-MMT) was dispersed in an epoxy/methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride system to form epoxy nanocomposites. The dispersion state of the MMT in the matrix was investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy. The thermal stability of the epoxy nanocomposites was examined by TGA. Thermal stability of the epoxy nanocomposite is dependent upon the dispersion state of the OMMT in the epoxy matrix although all the epoxy nanocomposites had enhanced thermal stability compared with the neat epoxy resin. The thermal stability of the epoxy resin nanocomposites was correlated with the dispersion state of the MMT in the epoxy resin matrix. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The chemical nature of the changes in a cyanate ester-novolac epoxy resin blend caused by hygrothermal ageing and the effects of the residue reaction in the blends on the hygrothermal ageing resistance were studied. The blends with epoxy molar fraction less than 0.5 absorb much less moisture in boiling water than does the homopolymer of the cyanate ester. The moisture uptake of the blend decreases with the extent of cure. The results from dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicate that the blends possess superior hygrothermal stability compared to homopolycyanate. The results also indicate that the long-term hygrothermal ageing may cause substantial changes in the chemical nature of the blend when the cure extent is not sufficiently high. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Key Clinical Message: Delayed intestinal perforation has various manifestations. For peritonitis with delayed treatment and multi‐bacterial peritonitis, we should be alert to the occurrence of this rare complication. Abdominal CT examination and imaging results judgment based on clinical conditions are particularly important for diagnosis. Delayed intestinal perforation of peritoneal dialysis catheter is a rare but serious complication. We reported a 49‐year‐old patient who had been hospitalized twice within 3 months due to poor drainage of the peritoneal dialysis catheter. During the first hospitalization, peritoneal dialysis‐related peritonitis was diagnosed, and a variety of bacterial infections were cultivated. However, at that time, the actual peritoneal dialysis catheter‐related intestinal perforation was missed, and he was discharged after anti‐infection treatment until a clinical cure was met. After more than 2 months of normal peritoneal dialysis after returning home, the patient again had poor drainage of the peritoneal dialysis catheter, accompanied by the outflow of yellowish‐brown sediment. It was found that the peritoneal dialysis catheter had evidence of intestinal perforation. After the removal of the catheter and intestinal repair, he recovered and was discharged from the hospital and received long‐term hemodialysis treatment. In the case of delayed intestinal perforation, peritoneal dialysis was maintained normally for more than 2 months, which was an unprecedented situation in previous case reports. In addition, we should be alert to the occurrence of this rare complication, especially when we find the occurrence of polybacterial Peritonitis. Abdominal CT examination and imaging results judgment based on clinical conditions are particularly important for diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dielectric spectroscopy was carried out for reduced and stoichiometric La0.0025Nb0.0025Ti0.995O2 ceramics synthesized by sintering in different atmospheres. A giant permittivity (~1 × 104) was obtained at a frequency of 100 MHz and temperature range from 170 to 350 K. Three dielectric relaxation mechanisms were observed within the temperature range of 10‐300 K via dielectric spectroscopy. A low temperature dipole relaxation peak (in the temperature range of 10‐30 K) in the spectra was identified to be associated with the giant permittivity specifically measured at 100 MHz. The origin of such giant permittivity was attributed to dipole orientation polarization. Hopping polaron and interfacial effect contributed to giant permittivity. After annealing treatment, all the relaxation contributions were weakened. Low dielectric loss was attributed to high resistance of grain and grain boundaries. Annealing in ambient conditions led to decreased relaxation times which gives the signature of decreased concentration of oxygen vacancies and Ti3+. Dipoles which were related to oxygen vacancies and Ti3+, resulted in giant permittivity up to 100 MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, it is still challenging to design high-performance and low-cost non-noble mental catalysts. In this work, nickel phosphide (Ni5P4) was combined with FeV LDH via an in situ growth approach to form porous nanosheet arrays. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of atoms between Ni5P4 and FeV LDH, the hybrid electrocatalyst displays significantly enhanced electro-catalytic properties for the anodic reaction. Impressively, the Ni5P4@FeV LDH material delivers 10, 50 and 100 mA cm−2 with an overpotential of only 204, 250 and 416 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Additionally, it also exhibits superior properties for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) with a low cell voltage of 1.44 V at 50 mA cm−2 and retains stability for at least 15 h in the alkaline electrolyte with 0.33 M urea. This strategy provides a new idea for the design and synthesis of transition metal phosphides that can be used as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrolysis of water and wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalysts with high catalytic activity and low cost are extremely significant for hydrogen production by water cracking. In this work, through simple electrospinning and carbonization methods, Ru with excellent catalytic activity is dispersed onto Fe4C to form Ru–Fe4C nanoparticles loaded on N-doped carbon nanofibers (Ru–Fe4C/NCNF), so that Ru can expose more active sites and thus improve HER catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the addition of low-cost Fe can reduce the use of noble metal Ru, thereby reducing the catalyst cost. On the other hand, the prepared Ru–Fe4C/NCNF can be used as a self-supporting working electrode and shows good stability. The experimental results show that the prepared Ru–Fe4C/NCNF can drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with only 106 mV in 1 M KOH, and more importantly, only 254 mV can produce a current density of 100 mA cm−2. At the same time, it shows excellent stability after continuously working for 100 h at a current density of 100 mA cm−2. This work provides a new thought to synthesize economical catalysts with high catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Surface modification of fillers has a profound influence on the dispersion of filler and interfacial adhesion, and thus the final performance of polymer-based composites. In this contribution, the modification of silica by polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) is conducted via an efficient and fast tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-catalyzed functionalization, which can be completed within a few minutes at room temperature. A highly hydrophobic surface and an uncompromised reactivity are concurrently observed in the modified silica. By comparison between the composites filled with pristine and modified silica, it is revealed that such PMHS modification can not only improve the dispersibility of silica by lowering the surface energy, but also enhance the interfacial interaction in virtue of the reactivity of the residual Si H bonds. With a PMHS grafting content as low as 1.5 wt%, the modified composite exhibits tremendous improvements in mechanical properties (116% increase in modulus) and dynamic performances (116% increase in wet traction and 26% reduction in rolling resistance). Considering the superior overall performance of the modified composites, together with the simplicity and rapidity of the modification process, we envision that the hydrosilane-modified silica has great potential in the fabrication of high-performance polymer composites such as energy-saving tire treads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As diene rubber products are generally fabricated with complicated curing package involving toxic additives, the exploration of alternative green curing chemistry for diene rubber is of great importance. In this contribution, we demonstrate a curing chemistry based on oxa-Michael reaction for diene rubber to achieve the combination of simple curing system and tunable mechanical properties. Specifically, pendent hydroxyls are introduced onto the solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) via thiol-ene click reaction and the modified SSBR is effectively cured by various acrylates without the use of any additional additives. The mechanical behaviors of vulcanizates can be widely regulated by manipulating the network structures, which is tuned by curing temperature, hydroxyl content of SSBR, content and functionality of acrylates. The correlation between mechanical properties and network structure is accordingly achieved, which provides essential basis for the future application of the diene rubbers cured by oxa-Michael reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been commonly acknowledged that particle dispersion and interfacial interactions are vital in determining the ultimate performance of polymer composites. However, the interplay between dispersibility and interfacial interaction in polymer composites has not been explicitly unraveled. In this contribution, a series of silica with controlled surface chemistry are prepared to reveal the effects of subtle change in surface property of filler on the structures and mechanical performance of the rubber composites. On the basis of thermodynamic theory, the dispersibility of modified silica in rubber is quantitatively evaluated by using surface energy. The modified silica was introduced into styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) to investigate the effects of surface modification on the dispersion of silica and interfacial interaction of the rubber composites. It has been demonstrated that subtle change in surface chemistry of silica drastically improves its dispersibility in rubber matrix, leading to much improved accessible surfaces and hence much complete interfacial reaction. At very low grafting content (0.2 molecule/nm 2 ), improved modulus (44%) and wet-traction (54%), together with reduced rolling-resistance (11%), are concurrently observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial interaction plays a vital role in the final properties of polymer composites as it affects the filler dispersion and stress transfer in the composites. In this study, we utilized two types of phosphate ester, hydroxyethyl methylacrylate phosphate (PH) and butyl phosphate (PB), as modifiers in boehmite (BM)-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) to tailor the interfacial structures in the composites. The modification mechanism of phosphate ester on BM and the interfacial structure in the composites are characterized. In PH-modified BM/SBR composites, a covalently bonding interface is obtained because PH can act as molecular bridge that can form covalent linkage with both BM and SBR chains. Consequently, the resulting composites show significantly improvements in the physical and mechanical properties of the composites. While in PB-modified BM/SBR composites, the properties of the composites are slightly improved due to the lack of covalent linkage in the interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polydopamine (PDA) is a natural melanin derived from marine mussels that has good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and photothermal conversion ability. As a new coating material, it offers a novel way to modify the surface of various substances. The drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of PDA are greatly improved via the use of mesoporous materials. The abundant pore canals on mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) exhibit a uniquely large surface area, which provides a structural basis for drug delivery. In this review, we systematically summarized the characteristics and manufacturing process of MPDA, introduced its application in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and discussed the existing problems in its development and clinical application. This comprehensive review will facilitate further research on MPDA in the fields of medicine including cancer therapy, materials science, and biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tumor glycolysis is a critical event for tumor progression. Docetaxel is widely used as a first-line drug for chemotherapy and shown to have a survival advantage. However, the role of docetaxel in tumor glycolysis remained poorly understood. Methods: The effect of Docetaxel in tumor glycolysis and proliferation were performed by CCK-8, Western blotting, real-time PCR, glucose, and lactate detection and IHC. ChIP and luciferase assay were used to analyze the mechanism of Docetaxel on Smad3-mediated HIF-1α transactivity. Results: In this study, we showed that docetaxel treatment led to a significant inhibition of cell proliferation in prostate cancer cells through PFKP-mediated glycolysis. Addition of lactate, a production of glycolysis, could reverse the inhibitory effect of docetaxel on cell proliferation. Further analysis has demonstrated that phosphorylation of Smad3 (Ser213) was drastically decreased in response to docetaxel stimulation, leading to reduce Smad3 nuclear translocation. Luciferase and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis revealed that docetaxel treatment inhibited the binding of Smad3 to the promoter of the HIF-1α gene, suppressing transcriptional activation of HIF-1α. Moreover, ectopic expression of Smad3 in prostate cancer cells could overcome the decreased HIF-1α expression and its target gene PFKP caused by docetaxel treatment. Most importantly, endogenous Smad3 regulated and interacted with HIF-1α, and this interaction was destroyed in response to docetaxel treatment. What's more, both HIF-1α and PFKP expression were significantly reduced in prostate cancer received docetaxel treatment in vivo. Conclusion: These findings extended the essential role of docetaxel and revealed that docetaxel inhibited cell proliferation by targeting Smad3/HIF-1α signaling-mediated tumor Warburg in prostate cancer cells. -FEhS87GPJvKiophzuvDRW Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high-performance and earth-abundant electrocatalysts for hydrogen production by electrolysis of freshwater/seawater is desirable but remains a huge challenge, especially in seawater solution. Herein, we report an efficient catalyst for a cathode consisting of three-dimensional standing arrays of Mo-Ni2P/CC nanosheets uniformly grown on carbon cloth, in which the Mo doping improved the HER properties of Ni2P by providing applicable morphology, electronic properties and active sites. It is found that the as-obtained catalyst shows superior HER activity with a low overpotential of 113 and 154 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH and simulated alkaline seawater solution, respectively. Moreover, the Mo–Ni2P/CC catalyst exhibits favorable stability in 5000 CV cycles in 1 M KOH and reasonable stability in a 20 h stability test in alkaline, simulated seawater and alkaline seawater solution. This work may provide a feasible insight into the construction and development of high-efficiency HER electrocatalysts for freshwater/seawater electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Reversible plasticity shape memory (RPSM) polymers have been emerging as new smart materials with distinctions compared with conventional SMPs, such as easier shaping programming, stronger recovery stress, and higher recovery strain. For purposeful control of the structure, and therefore the physical and mechanical properties, a full understanding of the deformation habits of such materials under different conditions is essential. This perspective provides the context as to how the deformation temperature and fixing conditions influence the fixity and recovery behavior of RPSM polymers and what are the optimized conditions for RPSM. We hope that this will afford useful information for fabricating RPSM polymers with better memory properties and promote the technical development of new design methods of such materials for advanced applications © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1295-1299 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Separating the effects of interfacial interaction on rubber performance from those of the dispersion state remains challenging, as an improvement in both properties is often observed upon addition of an interfacial modifier. In this work, 4-(chloromethyl) phenyltrimethoxysilane, a silane-bearing benzyl chloride, is used as the model substance to modify a SBR/silica composite. Although an improvement in dispersion, as indicated by morphological observations and rheological measurements, is achieved, the dynamic property indicated by the mechanical loss and heat build-up, deteriorates. Such outcomes are attributed to the inferior interfacial interaction and decreased crosslink density. As a comparison, the counterpart modified by bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide possesses a superior dynamic property which is attributed to the simultaneous improvements in the dispersion and interfacial interaction. This work provides new insights for the design of high performance rubbers used under dynamic circumstances. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:446-454, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The heterogeneous catalysts were prepared by hydrothermal method and phosphating method. • Ni 2 P@MoS 2 /CC exhibits outstanding HER activity and strong stability in 1 M KOH. • Heterostructures can realize electron synergy between different components. • The HER performance of heterogeneous catalysts is better than that of single component catalysts. Efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts play an important role in electrolysis of water and hydrogen evolution reaction. The catalytic activity of electrocatalyst can be improved by adjusting the electronic structure and increasing the active center. In this study, Ni 2 P nanosheets were grown on carbon cloth through straightforward solvothermal, and tiny MoS 2 nanosheets were uniformly covered on Ni 2 P nanosheets by in-situ growth method to form heterogeneous electrocatalyst (Ni 2 P @ MoS 2 /CC). The results show that Ni 2 P @ MoS 2 /CC had more active sites than Ni 2 P/CC and MoS 2 /CC catalysts. In addition, the interface interaction based on heterogeneous structure promotes its charge transfer kinetics. In alkaline electrolyte, Ni 2 P @ MoS 2 /CC electrocatalyst had good HER performance. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the overpotential was 99 mV, and the Tafel slope was 97 mV dec−1. In addition, the catalyst showed excellent electrochemical stability, with no significant loss of activity after 2000 cyclic voltammetry tests and 50 h i-t tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two series of alkylamine-modified (oleylamine and octadecylamine) styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/graphene oxide (GO) composites were fabricated through a facile green method involving co-coagulation and in-situ interfacial modification techniques. Both alkylamines were shown to graft onto the GO surface via covalent and ionic-bonding, and GO was partially reduced into graphene during alkylation. The dispersion of GO in the rubber matrix was significantly improved after modification due to the broader interlayer gallery of GO sheets after intercalation by alkylamine molecules. Both modified GO exhibited significantly higher reinforcing efficiencies for SBR due to the combination of improved dispersion and increased surface affinity of modified GO for the rubber matrix. Systems modified with oleylamine possessed stronger interfacial interactions than those modified with octadecylamine, which can be attributed to the additional interfacial cross-linking between sulfur and oleylamine in oleylamine modified systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The substitution of noble metal catalysts with earth abundant TMs as electrocatalysts for hydrogen production is of great significance. One biggest bottleneck for high-efficiency water electrolysis in TM catalysts is the sluggish reaction kinetics or electron transport efficiency. The electrical coupling between the substrate and the catalytic material can accelerate the electron transport, enhancing the charge transfer kinetics, and thereby improve the catalytic performance of the catalyst. Herein, we report a sandwich-structured CNF/Co 3 S 4 /MoS 2 , MoS 2 grown in-situ on N-doped nanofibers with Co 3 S 4 nanoparticles via electrospinning, carbonization and hydrothermal process, as self-supported electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction. The sandwich structure is comprised of CNFs/Co 3 S 4 /MoS 2 as substrate/accelerator/catalyst. Thereinto, the three-dimensional CNF framework, intrinsically doped by nitrogen, can open accessible channels for reactants and served as substrates for the in-situ growth of Co 3 S 4 and MoS 2 nanocrystals with high conductivity and massive active sites. Hence, the CNF/Co 3 S 4 /MoS 2 shows outstanding catalytical performance in water electrospinning, only 80 mV required to drive 10 mA cm−2 current density with the Tafel slope of 99.2 mV dec−1 in alkaline media. Besides, the performance can be maintained for at least 40 h with negligible decline. This experiment can provide a new idea for the design of efficient and stable self-supporting electrodes. [Display omitted] • The sandwich-structured CNF/Co 3 S 4 /MoS 2 were synthesized via electrospinning and carbonization. • The Co 3 S 4 nanoparticles accelerated the transfer of electrons from the substrate to the catalyst. • The Co nanoparticles break through the blockade of the carbon layer via controlling carbonization temperature. • CNF/Co 3 S 4 /MoS 2 only need 80 mV to drive 10 mA cm−2, and the Tafel slope was 99.2 mV dec−1. • The structure of Co 3 S 4 nanoparticles embedded on the carbon fiber stably improve the electron transmission efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of power industry, the recycling of waste insulator silicone rubber (WSR) remains a significant challenge. Herein, an efficient alcoholysis strategy for the surface modification of WSR was explored by using nerol as alcoholysis reagent, and then the nerol modified WSR (Nerol-WSR) was utilized in polypropylene toughening. FTIR spectra indicate that nerol can served as nucleophilic reagent to cleave the Si–O bonds in WSR, resulting in an efficient surface grafting of nerol moieties on WSR. The grafting content of nerol moieties gradually increases with alcoholysis times. Morphology investigation demonstrates that with the increase of alcoholysis time, the dispersion state of Nerol-WSR particles in PP matrix is significantly improved, along with a much smaller particle size. Accordingly, with the addition of 10 wt.% of Nerol-WSR, the resulting PP composites can achieve a remarkable increase of approximately 200% in impact strength. This should be due to the grafted nerol moieties can substantially improve the interfacial adhesion of the composites and hence facilitate the dispersion of WSR particles in PP matrix. Therefore, the stress concentration of PP can also be effectively delivered to the adjacent Nerol-WSR and thus retard the propagation of cracks. In addition, the addition of Nerol-WSR can also increase the loss tangent values of the composites, which indicates its potential application in polymer damping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple solvent exchange method is presented to suspend monolayers of MoS2 in various organic solvents, which facilitates the phase transformation of MoS2 and preparation of MoS2-filled polymer composites straightforwardly in organic solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State-of-the-art processes cannot achieve rubber/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites with satisfactory performance by using pristine MWCNTs and conventional processing equipment. In this work, high performance rubber/MWCNT composites featuring a combination of good mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivities and damping capacity over a wide temperature range are fabricated based on a well-developed master batch process. It is demonstrated that the MWCNTs are dispersed homogeneously due to the disentanglement induced by well-wetting and shearing, and the elastic-resilience-induced dispersion of the MWCNTs by rubber chains via the novel processing method. To further enhance the efficacy of elastic-resilience-induced dispersion for MWCNTs, a slightly pre-crosslinked network is constructed in the master batch. Consequently, we obtain rubber/MWCNT composites with unprecedented performance by amplifying the reinforcing effect of relatively low MWCNT loading. This work provides a novel insight into the fabrication of high performance functional elastomeric composites with pristine CNTs by taking advantage of the unique elastic resilience of rubber chains as the driving force for the disentanglement of CNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Shish-kebab (SK) structures grown on PLA/PAN@PLA/PVDF Janus membranes. • SK structure improves hydrophobicity of the PLA-based electrospinning membranes. • Janus-SK membrane simultaneously enhances water transport rate and interfacial binding. • SK structure promotes efficient oil-water separation. Janus membranes are widely used in fields such as oil-water separation and wound dressings due to their asymmetric wetting properties. However, the weak interface binding force between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic layers can affect the liquid transport performance and membrane separation. In this study, we have reported a method using self-induced crystallization to grow shish-kebab (SK) structures in electrospinning polylactic acid-based fiber membranes. Peel testing revealed that the peel load after induced crystallization increased from 0 to 0.05 N to 0.05–0.15 N, and the time for droplets to penetrate from the hydrophobic side to the hydrophilic side decreased from 16S to 3S. This indicates that SK structures can enhance the adhesion between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic interface, as well as facilitating droplet transport. Through the oil-water separation experiment, it was discovered that the presence of SK structures can filter out more microemulsions. For different emulsions (kerosene, petroleum, n-hexane, petroleum ether, tea tree oil), the separation efficiency of Janus-SK membrane increased by 1.67 %, 2.5 %, 3.0 %, 9.7 %, 4.3 %, respectively. The development of Janus membranes has been provided with a new direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Individually dispersed graphene colloid is prepared using cationic dye rhodamine B (RhB) as a non-covalent modifier. Characterizations by UV–vis, photoluminescence and Raman, the graphene-RhB interactions are shown to be cation-π and π-π. Subsequently, the obtained graphene is incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to fabricate PVA/graphene composites by simple solution casting. On addition of 1.0 wt% graphene, the tensile strength and tensile modulus are increased by 178% and 139%, respectively. Interestingly, the strain of the composites is greatly maintained, which is related to the uniqueness interfacial structure and morphology of the composites. This work provides a promising methodology to fabricate high performance graphene-based composites with superior strength and ductility by simultaneously combining the reinforcement of graphene sheets and the uniqueness interfacial structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]