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In this study, it was aimed to explain the lower hat thinking technique in a theoretical framework. In this context, studies on the lower hat thinking technique were examined and theoretical results were obtained. The six thinking hats technique helps students avoid logical and emotional dilemmas when faced with various situations, enrich their thinking with secondary thoughts in critical situations, broaden their horizons and make better decisions. More importantly, students can play six different characters represented by six different colored hats and corresponding roles. The six hat thinking technique has several advantages. Among these advantages, it can be considered that it is easier to teach because it is easy in terms of applicability. In addition, the six hats of thinking technique provides six different thinking angles, allowing to distinguish different views and thoughts and to think multi-dimensionally. In addition, it prevents the ego from being in the foreground while thinking, guides creative thinking, provides the opportunity to cooperate for the parties to make constructive discoveries, and prevents the discussions from getting shallow and preventing them from becoming secret. Finally, it can be said that it facilitates the decision-making process. While the six hats thinking technique has advantages, it also has several disadvantages. Among these disadvantages, it can be said that it will cause confusion when applied in crowded classrooms. The confusion experienced may cause a decrease in the learning rate of learning in the learning environment. In addition, the possibility that it is difficult for the participants to adopt the roles represented by the colors of the six-hat thinking technique can be shown among the disadvantages of the six-hats technique. In addition to the above-mentioned situations, the teacher's guiding skills should be in good condition during the application of this technique. Otherwise, the application process of the technique may fail.

WOS: 000349503900037 …

AVCI, Bahattin/0000-0001-6471-6495; WOS: 000322208300003 PubMed: 23709371 Objectives. The authors aimed to investigate the effect of a-Glucan on healing of an experimental left-sided colon anastomosis model. Material and Methods. Twenty adult male Wistar albino rats were randomized into two groups which had colonic transection and end-to-end anastomosis. Group I (Control): anastomosis group, received no treatment (n = 10); group II, anastomosis + beta-Glucan (50 mg/kg/day within seven days after surgical procedure). Bursting pressure, hydroxyproline levels and histopathological characteristics of the anastomosis were analyzed. Results. The average burst pressure of Groups land II were 106.67 +/- 5.00 and 148.00 +/- 11.35 mm Hg and hydroxyproline levels were 0.85 +/- 0.14 and 1.45 +/- 0.46 mu g/mg, respectively. Both the burst pressure and hydroxyproline levels in group II were statistically significantly higher (p < 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed less epithelial damage in group II (p

YURUKER, SAIM SAVAS/0000-0002-6371-337X WOS: 000285750900011 PubMed: 22131658 After laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, the nature of the adhesions to fixation materials or to mesh had not been clarified. We examined adhesion formation specific to the fixation material in rats. We designed an experimental laparoscopy setup, and placed four intraperitoneal fixation materials on the peritoneum of rats without a mesh graft. Another group of researchers documented the incidence and intensity of postoperative adhesion formation. The adhesion scores for the nickel-titanium anchor were significantly greater than those for polylactic acid (p = 0.004), a titanium tacker (p < 0.0001), and fibrin glue (p < 0.0001). No adhesions occurred in the fibrin glue group. Fibrin glue is the preferred fixation material because it produced no postoperative adhesions. The nickel-titanium anchor produced heavy adhesions but may be applicable for recurrent hernia cases and in patients with thin abdominal walls.

WOS: 000396361900004, PubMed ID: 28251020, Background: Environmental habitat may play a role in clinical disparities of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) patients. Aims: To compare preoperative clinical symptoms and associated conditions and surgical findings in patients with pHPT, living in different geographical regions from the Black Sea, Mediterranean and Anatolia regions. Study Design: Retrospective, clinical-based multicentric study of 694 patients with pHPT. Methods: Patients from 23 centers and 8 different geographical regions were included. Data related to baseline demographics, clinical, pathologic and treatment characteristics of 8 regions were collected and included age, gender, residential data, symptoms, history of fracture, existence of brown tumor, serum total Ca and p levels, serum parathormone (PTH) levels, serum 25-OH vitamin D levels, bone mineral density, size of the resected abnormal parathyroid gland(s), histology, as well as the presence of ectopia, presence of dual adenoma, and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)- or familial-related disease. Results: The median age was 54. Asymptomatic patient rate was 25%. The median PTH level was 232 pg/mL and serum total Ca was 11.4 mg/dL. Eighty-seven percent of patients had an adenoma and 90% of these had a single adenoma. Hyperplasia was detected in 79 patients and cancer in 9 patients. The median adenoma size was 16 mm. Significant parameters differing between regions were preoperative symptoms, serum Ca and p levels, and adenoma size. All patients from South-East Anatolia were symptomatic, while the lowest p values were reported from East Anatolia and the largest adenoma size, as well as highest Ca levels, were from Bulgaria. Conclusion: Habitat conditions vary between geographical regions. This affects the clinicopathological features of patients with pHPT.